MODULE 1 – LESSON 1

MS. TRACY

BELL RINGER

•WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT?

BELL RINGER ANSWER

•THE CPU IS THE BRAINS OF THE COMPUTER. IT CONTROLS THE ACTIVITIES OF COMPUTER USING TWO PRIMARY SECTIONS THE A/LU AND THE CONTROL UNIT.

AGENDA

•BELL RINGER / ATTENDANCE

•REVIEW CURRENT EVENTS FROM MONDAY AND SUB PLANS FROM TUESDAY

•DISCUSS MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 (LECTURE AND NOTES)

•COMPLETE MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 REVIEW FROM TEXTBOOK

•COMPLETE WEDNESDAY CURRENT EVENTS

LEARNING TARGETS

•UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS.

•DEFINE COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS.

•CLASSIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER DEVICES.

•USE COMPUTER SYSTEMS.

• IDENTIFY SYSTEM COMPONENTS.

•DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT.

•DEFINE COMPUTER MEMORY.

•DESCRIBE HOW DATA IS REPRESENTED.

• IDENTIFY TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES.

•CARE FOR STORAGE MEDIA.

INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK

•NUMBER THE PAGES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK FROM 1 – 50.

1 32

Back of your

notebook cover.

Table of Content

s

Table of

Contents

Table of

Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Page #

Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 4Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 5Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 6Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 7

4 5

Lesson 1 Vocabulary Lesson 1 Vocabulary

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE

•THE COMPUTER IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INVENTS OF THE PAST CENTURY?

•HOW OFTEN DO YOU USE COMPUTERS ON A DAILY BASIS?

A BRIEF HISTORY…

• THE FIRST COMPUTERS WERE DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 1940’S AND EARLY 1950’S FOR USE BY THE MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT.

•MASSIVE.

•UNIVAC / ENIAC

• IN 1969, NEIMAN MARCUS ADVERTISTED THE FIRST HOME COMPUTER.

•HONEYWELL H316 “KITCHEN COMPUTER”

•$10,600

A BRIEF HISTORY….•MICROPROCESSOR WAS DEVELOPED IN 1971.

• FIRST APPLE COMPUTER WAS BUILT IN 1976.

•STEVE JOBS AND STEVE WOZNIAK

• FIRST IBM PC WAS INTRODUCED IN 1981.

•BILL GATES

DEFINING COMPUTERS

•A COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT FOLLOWS A SERIES OF STEPS, REFERRED TO AS THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE.

•A COMPUTER SYSTEM INCLUDES HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DATA, AND PEOPLE.

DEFINING COMPUTER SYSTEMS•A COMPUTER PERFORMS ONLY TWO OPERATIONS:

•ARITHMETIC COMPUTATIONS SUCH AS ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION. COMPARISONS SUCH AS GREATER THAN, LESS THAN, OR EQUAL TO.

• LOGICAL OPERATIONS USING LOGICAL OPERATORS, SUCH AS AND, OR, AND NOT.

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS

•COMPUTERS ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER SPECIAL-PURPOSE COMPUTERS OR GENERAL COMPUTERS.

SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS•SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS

• CONTROL SOMETHING ELSE. THEY HAVE TINY CHIPS THAT ARE EMBEDDED IN DEVICES.

• DISHWASHER, BATHROOM SCALE, AIRPORT RADAR SYSTEM.

GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS•GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS

• ARE DIVIDED INTO CATEGORIES, BASED ON THEIR PHYSICAL, SIZE, FUNCTION, COST, AND PERFORMANCE.

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition ExamplesDesktop Computers

Designed so that all components fit on or under a desk

PC (Windows based) or Apple Macintosh

Notebook (Laptop) Computer

Small, portable, personal computers that contain the monitor with a built-in keyboard

Server Used by small to medium-size companies and can support a few users or hundreds of users

File server, database server, or web server

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition ExamplesMobile Devices Generally fit in the

palm of your handCalculators, smart phones, cell phones, handheld games, electronic organizers, & PDAs

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples

Tablet PC A personal computer similar in size and thickness to a notepad

Tablet Devices Use an embedded operating system, but do not support full feature operating systems like Tablet PCs

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples

Mainframe computer

Large expensive computer, capable of supporting up to thousands of users

Super-computer Fastest type of computer, used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples

Embedded Computers

Found in devices to perform specific tasks

Digital watch, MP3 player, appliances, etc.

Portable music/ media players

Store and play back music and videos

MP3 players and portable DVD players

CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples

Computer game systems

Specialized computers used to play games

Electronic book readers

Displays an electronic version of a traditional print book

USING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

• COMPUTERS CAN TAKE RAW DATA AND CHANGE IT INTO INFORMATION.

• YOUR INPUT PROGRAMS AND DATA WITH SOME TYPE OF INPUT DEVICE.

• MOUSE, KEYBOARD, ETC.

• THE COMPUTER USES INSTRUCTIONS TO PROCESS THE DATA AND TO TURN IT INTO INFORMATION.

• YOU SEND THE INFORMATION TO SOME TYPE OF OUTPUT DEVICE.

• PRINTER, MONITOR, ETC.

• YOU STORE IT FOR LATER RETRIEVAL.

IDENTIFYING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• A SYSTEM UNIT IS THE CASE THAT CONTAINS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER USED TO PROCESS DATA

IDENTIFYING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• THE MOTHERBOARD IS A CIRCUIT BOARD THAT IS CENTRAL IN THE SYSTEM UNIT.

• THE MOTHERBOARD CONTAINS INTEGRAL COMPONENTS, SUCH AS:

• CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

• MEMORY

• BASIC CONTROLLERS

• EXPANSION SLOTS

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT• THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

IS THE BRAINS OF THE COMPUTER.

• MEASURED IN HERTZ

• HOUSED IN A TINY CHIP

• CONTROLS THE FLOW OF THE ELECTRICITY THROUGH THE COMPUTER

• THE CPU HAS TWO PRIMARY SECTIONS:

• THE ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT

• THE CONTROL UNIT.

ARITHEMETIC / LOGIC UNIT

• PERFORMS ARITHMETIC, COMPARISON, AND OTHER OPERATIONS.

CONTROL UNIT

• DIRECTS AND COORDINATES MOST OF THE OPERATIONS IN THE COMPUTER

• YOU COMMUNICATE WITH THE COMPUTER THROUGH PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

• THE COMPUTER USES MACHINE LANGUAGE, OR BINARY, WHICH IS ALL 1’S AND 0’S.

HOW A COMPUTER RECOGNIZES DATA

• IN MACHINE LANGUAGE, THE CONTROL UNIT SENDS OUT NECESSARY MESSAGES TO EXECUTE THE INSTRUCTIONS. A SINGLE 0 OR A SINGLE 1 IS A BIT.

• 8 BITS = 1 BYTE.

• A BYTE IS A SINGLE CHARACTER.

• ELECTRICITY ON = 1

• ELECTRICITY OFF = 0

HOW A COMPUTER RECOGNIZES DATAUnit Characters

Hertz Approx. 1 character

Kilohertz Approx. 1,000 characters

Megahertz Approx. 1,000,000 characters

Gigahertz Approx. 1,000,000,000 characters

Terahertz Approx. 1,000,000,000,000 characters

MEMORY•MEMORY – CONSISTS OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS THAT

STORE INSTRUCTIONS WAITING TO BE EXECUTED AND DATA NEEDED BY THOSE INSTRUCTIONS

•RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY OR MAIN MEMORY

• KEEPS DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS TEMPORARILY OR WILL ERASED WHEN THE COMPUTER IS SHUT OFF (MEASURED IN BYTES)

•ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY

•CAN BE READ BUT NOT MODIFIED (SYSTEM FILES)

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY• THE MEMORY ON THE MOTHERBOARD IS SHORT TERM, CALLED

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM).

• DATA, INFORMATION, AND PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS ARE STORED TEMPORARILY ON A RAM CHIP AND DISAPPEAR WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY• THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE IS THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO RETRIEVE

INSTRUCTIONS TO PERFORM A SPECIFIED TASK AND COMPLETE THE COMMAND.

• THE EXECUTION CYCLE REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES THE CPU TO EXECUTE THE INSTRUCTION AND STORE THE RESULTS IN RAM.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY• TOGETHER, THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE AND ONE OR MORE EXECUTION CYCLES

CREATE A MACHINE CYCLE.

READ-ONLY MEMORY• ANOTHER TYPE OF MEMORY FOUND ON THE MOTHERBOARD IS READ-

ONLY MEMORY (ROM).

• ROM CHIPS STORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS THAT ARE NEEDED FOR COMPUTER OPERATION. THESE INSTRUCTIONS REMAIN ON THE CHIP EVEN WHEN THE POWER IS TURNED OFF.

• THE MORE COMMON OF THESE IS THE BIOS ROM, CONTAINING INSTRUCTIONS TO START THE SYSTEM WHEN YOU TURN ON THE COMPUTER.

UNIT OF MEMORYUnit Character

Byte Approx. 1 character

Kilobyte Approx. 1,000 characters

Megabyte Approx. 1,000,000 characters

Gigabyte Approx. 1,000,000,000 characters

Terabyte Approx. 1,000,000,000,000 characters

STORAGE DEVICESStorage Device Description Examples

Magnetic Discs Use magnetic particles to store items on a disk’s surface

Hard disks, magnetic tape, 3½ inch & ZIP disks

Optical Storage Devices

Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters that contain a metal layer

CDs, DVDs & Blu-Ray

Solid-State Storage Media

Removable medium that uses integrated circuits to process

Miniature mobile storage media, USB flash drive

Network Drives Drive located on a computer other than the user’s local system

CARING FOR STORAGE•KEEP AWAY FROM MAGNETIC FIELDS.

•AVOID EXTREME TEMPERATURES.

•REMOVE MEDIA FROM DRIVES AND STORE THEM PROPERLY WHEN NOT IN USE.

•WHEN HANDLING DVDS AND OTHER OPTICAL DISCS, HOLD THEM AT THE EDGES.

•NEVER TRY TO REMOVE THE MEDIA FROM A DRIVE WHEN THE DRIVE INDICATOR LIGHT IS ON.

•KEEP DISCS IN A STURDY CASE WHEN TRANSPORTING.

ASSIGNMENT•COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FROM YOUR TEXTBOOK:

• TRUE / FALSE (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)

•MULTIPLE CHOICE (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)

• FILL IN THE BLANK (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)