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Module 1Module 1
The Scope of GeologyThe Scope of Geology
RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGIRUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi• Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologiPengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Geology Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, structure, composition, and history (including the structure, composition, and history (including the development of life), and the nature of the processes development of life), and the nature of the processes which have given rise to its present state.which have given rise to its present state.
Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of The Penguin Dictionary of GeologyGeology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.
Pertanyaan:• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi
berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.
• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumianMengikuti pendidikan kebumian• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:
– Perpustakaan termasuk internetPerpustakaan termasuk internet– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologiLaboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi– LapanganLapangan
• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi dalam menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perlu dilakukan:perlu dilakukan:– Observasi (pengamatan),Observasi (pengamatan),– Analisis, danAnalisis, dan– SintesisSintesis
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologiPengertian dan cara belajar geologi
Perhatikan• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum
ke perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan (survei)!
• Apakah FTM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta memfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama −termasuk museum− tersebut di atas?
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologiPengertian dan cara belajar geologi
MATHEMATICSMATHEMATICSPHYSICSPHYSICS CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
STATISTICSSTATISTICS
HIDROLOGYHIDROLOGY
GEOLOGYGEOLOGY BIOLOGYBIOLOGYMETEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY
BASICBASICSCIENCESSCIENCES
EARTHEARTHSCIENCESSCIENCES
APPLIEDAPPLIEDSCIENCESSCIENCES
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
PETROLEUMPETROLEUMGEOLOGYGEOLOGY
MININGMININGGEOLOGYGEOLOGY GEOTHERMALGEOTHERMAL
GEOLOGYGEOLOGYENGINEERINGENGINEERING
GEOLOGYGEOLOGYENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL
GEOLOGYGEOLOGY
PETROLEUMPETROLEUMENGINEERINGENGINEERING
MININGMININGENGINEERINGENGINEERING
CIVILCIVILENGINEERINGENGINEERING
TOURISMTOURISM
ETC.ETC.
ETC.ETC.
PLANOLOGYPLANOLOGY
GEOARKEOLOGYGEOARKEOLOGY
GEOTHERMALGEOTHERMALENGINEERINGENGINEERING
AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
Corresponding science to geologyCorresponding science to geology
PHYSICSPHYSICS
CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
STATISTICSSTATISTICS
HIDROLOGYHIDROLOGYGEOLOGYGEOLOGYBIOLOGYBIOLOGY
PARIWISATAPARIWISATA
GEOPHYSICSGEOPHYSICS
HIDROGEOLOGYHIDROGEOLOGY
GEOCHEMISTRYGEOCHEMISTRY
GEOSTATISTICSGEOSTATISTICS
PALEONTOLOGYPALEONTOLOGY
GEOWISATAGEOWISATA
ETC.ETC.
Pertanyaan:• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?
ARKEOLOGIARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGI
Corresponding science to geologyCorresponding science to geology
Cabang-cabang geologiCabang-cabang geologi
GEOLOGYGEOLOGY
Pertanyaan:• Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi?
ETC.ETC.
MINERALOGYMINERALOGY
PETROLOGYPETROLOGY
GEOMORFOLOGYGEOMORFOLOGY
STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALGEOLOGYGEOLOGY
STRATIGRAPHYSTRATIGRAPHY TEKTONICSTEKTONICS
PALEONTOLOGYPALEONTOLOGY
VOLKANOLOGYVOLKANOLOGY
HISTORICALHISTORICALGEOLOGYGEOLOGY
SPELEOLOGYSPELEOLOGY LIMNOLOGYLIMNOLOGY SEDIMENTOLOGYSEDIMENTOLOGY
The branches of geologyThe branches of geology
Initially, … it was an homogenous material
GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE
SOLID EARTHSOLID EARTH(CMC-SPHERE)(CMC-SPHERE)HYDROSPHEREHYDROSPHERE
BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE
GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE
Diversifications …
BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE
SOLID EARTHSOLID EARTH(CMC-SPHERE)(CMC-SPHERE)
ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE
HIDROSPHEREHIDROSPHERE
Dynamic equilibriumDynamic equilibrium
GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE
Because geology is all around us!Because geology is all around us!• 1. Geological Resources1. Geological Resources• 2. “The Environment” 2. “The Environment” • 3. Geological Hazards 3. Geological Hazards
(Changes posing risks)(Changes posing risks)• 4. Engineering 4. Engineering • 5. Landforms and Surface Processes5. Landforms and Surface Processes• 6. Historical Geology6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
Environmental Environmental GeologyGeology
Why study geology?Why study geology?
– The Cradle of The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Civilization (Fertile Crescent) Crescent)
– Development limited Development limited by availability, e.g., by availability, e.g., soil, water, energysoil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil…minerals, oil…
http://encarta.msn.com/
1. Geological Resources1. Geological Resources
Why study geology?Why study geology?
The Cradle of Civilization sprung from geology of the regionThe Cradle of Civilization sprung from geology of the region
Tigris River, Iraq Tigris River, Iraq
http://encarta.msn.com/http://encarta.msn.com/
Why study geology?Why study geology?
1. Geological Resources1. Geological Resources
These Maps illustrate the These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.90 percent in that period.
Illustration courtesy United Nations Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment ProgramEnvironment Program
2. The Environment2. The Environment
Why study geology?Why study geology?
Misuse of geologic resourcesMisuse of geologic resources
http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
2. The Environment (2. The Environment (misusemisuse of Geologic Resources) of Geologic Resources) desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstandesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
Why study geology?Why study geology?
• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living(World watch Institute 2004)
• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming
• Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions
(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University,
UK)
Why study geology?Why study geology?
2. The Environment (2. The Environment (overuseoveruse of Geologic Resources) of Geologic Resources) (Geology in the News)(Geology in the News)
• Two die in 6.5 Two die in 6.5 magnitude magnitude Earthquake near San Earthquake near San Lois Obispo Lois Obispo CaliforniaCalifornia
• Earthquake triggers Earthquake triggers mudslides mudslides
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(San Andreas Fault)(San Andreas Fault)
3. Geologic Hazard3. Geologic Hazard
Why study geology?Why study geology?
Why study geology?Why study geology?
3. Geologic Hazards3. Geologic Hazards (Geology in the News)(Geology in the News)
“Major Quake Likely to Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032”
• Assessing RisksAssessing Risks• Avoiding RisksAvoiding Risks• Preventing DamagePreventing Damage• Predicting ImpactPredicting Impact
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• A Magnitude 6.5 A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-0312-26-03– 30,000 Dead30,000 Dead– 30,000 Refugees30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and US sends aid and releases sanctionsreleases sanctions
• Relations improvedRelations improved
Photos from AP
Why study geology?Why study geology?
3. Geologic Hazards3. Geologic Hazards (Earthquake in Bam Bam, Iran)(Earthquake in Bam Bam, Iran)
Volcanoes
Mass Movement
Earthquakes
Why study geology?Why study geology?
3. Geologic Hazards 3. Geologic Hazards (Geology in the News)(Geology in the News)
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and ControlSlope Failure Risk Assessment and Control
To prevent slope failure engineers must understand To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slopethe geology that forms and controls the slope
Why study geology?Why study geology?
4. Geology in Engineering4. Geology in Engineering
Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.
In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
www.smithsonianmag.si.edu
Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures
Why study geology?Why study geology?
4. Geology in Engineering4. Geology in Engineering
• GlaciersGlaciers• Mass WastingMass Wasting• StreamsStreams• ShorelinesShorelines• DesertsDeserts• GroundwaterGroundwater
http://www.berann.com
H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987
Why study geology?Why study geology?
5. Landforms and Surface Processes5. Landforms and Surface Processes
Why study geology?Why study geology?
6. Historical Geology6. Historical Geology
• Environmental GeologyEnvironmental Geology– Environmental Sciences: how we Environmental Sciences: how we
influence the earth influence the earth – Geologic Hazards: how geology Geologic Hazards: how geology
influences usinfluences us
• Engineering Geology Engineering Geology – Geologic MaterialsGeologic Materials– FoundationsFoundations– Geotechnical engineeringGeotechnical engineering
Sub DisciplinesSub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on GeologyAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology
• Geological ResourcesGeological Resources– Locating and characterizing amounts Locating and characterizing amounts
and quality and quality – Extracting and Extracting and – Understanding environmental effects of Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resourcesresources
• Historical GeologyHistorical Geology– Deciphering Earth History and Deciphering Earth History and – Evolution of lifeEvolution of life
Sub Disciplines (cont.)Sub Disciplines (cont.)
Areas of Study Which Rely on GeologyAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology
Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?
• …• …• …• …
I WONDERI WONDER