module 1 Counseling Processes

8/3/2019 module 1 Counseling Processes

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Amity Business School

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Module -1 Counseling Process

Counseling is a process by which the structure of the self isrelaxed in the safety of the clients relationship with the

therapist, and previously denied experiences are perceived

and then integrated into an altered Self.Carl Rogers - 1952

The counseling process provides opportunities-

To ventilate emotionsTo examine the factors of unwanted emotions and unsatisfyingbehaviour

To explore alternative plans of actions

To implement and test selected plans


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When we seek, or accept, help with an issue wehave been unable to resolve on our own, there

is often an emotional component in the

situation.

Example I like my boss but he/she drives me

mad doing X,dare I level with him/her/.

Feelings of liking, irritation and anxiety are

present together.


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Some important counseling skillsCounselor must so that the client can

Listen develop his thinking

Not judge feel safe and respectedPay attention know you care

Accept the clients know she is not being

feelings judgedEmpathy know you are with him

Think about the client get the best help possible


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The counselor may So that the client can

Ask questions Develop his own thinking

Summarise Hear his thoughts andknows he is understood

Ask the client to Release blocking emotion

try new behaviour such as unexpressedanger


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Counselors should This will make thenot client

Argue

Dwell on their ownW

ithdrawdifficulties

Solve the problem for Dependent

the clientGive advice Dependent/hostile

Belittle the clients concern Withdraw or attack

Avoid painful areas Be frustrated


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Effective counselingKnowledge about self appreciation of ones

own capacities, knowledge, emotions, values,

needs, interests and ways of constructing self

and others.

Knowledge about conditions of environment

interpersonal contacts with families, friends,

work and school associates, social andeconomic factors

Improved insight about above empowers to live

more effectively.


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Multitheoretical integrative model of counseling

Cognitive

Affective Behavioural

Improvement in cognitive and affective domain

enhances behaviour capacity


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Counseling as a three stage process

Stage I counselor client relationship

open, trusting and empathic

Stage II- helping client gain deeper

understanding of self

Id, ego, superego and defense mechanisms

Trusting therapeutic relationship leads to clients

painful aspect of self

Stage III goal setting, action planning,

implementation of planned interventions


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Counseling Interventions inOrganizations

E.g.. Loosing ones job will trigger a crisis depends

upon a number of factors. These may be Individuals skills for seeking a new job

Employability

Financial reserves

Reactions of significants to job loss

Other stressors at the time

Persons perception about each of these conditions

(which may differ from reality)


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Areas of focus in organizational counseling

Personality dysfunction (substance abuse, psychiatric

symptoms,etc.)Stress/change management

Grief reaction to loss or death

Critical incident stress management

Employee/patient safety issues

Communication breakdown within teams

Entrenched interpersonal conflicts

Promoting organizational wellness


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Crisis ManagementThe state of crisis is when people perceive an event or

situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds their

resources and coping mechanisms' (James andGilliland, 2001).As a result-

Tension and anxiety over inability to resolve the

problem increases

Less able to find a solution

Feels helpless,upset shamed, guilty

Unable to act on his own to reach a solution


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Purpose of crisis interventionsThe psychological resolution of the individuals

immediate crisis and restoration to at least the

level offunctioning that existed before thecrisis period.

The focus of the crisis intervention work is the

immediate problem not the totality of theclients personality or life issues.


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Steps in crisis interventions1. Establish a helping relationship basic listening

and responding skills

2. Assure safety ask direct and specific questions,involve family and other sources of support ifsituation is dangerous

3. conduct an assessment -

understanding of the clients functioning prior to thecrisis.The list of skills that the client may possess

Cognitive change skills

Support networking skills

Perceptual skills


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Stress management and wellness skillsProblem solving skills

Description and expression of feelings

4. Give support assessing the clients supportsystem

5. . Assist with action plan clients own copingmechanism has failed, therefore, the

counselor must be willing to take an activerole.

6. Arrange for follow-ups a follow-up meetingor telephone call should be arranged.


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EmpathyIt is defined as the counselors ability to enter

the clients phenomenal world to

experience the clients world as if it were hisown.

Three categories of empathy:

Empathic rapport- kindness,global understanding

and tolerant acceptance of clients feelings andframe of reference.

Experience near understanding of the clients

world what it is like to be him


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Communicative attunement The therapist triesto put himself in the client's shoe at the

moment, to grasp what they are trying to

consciously communicate at the moment, and

what they are experiencing at the moment.

Empathy might serve as any one or all three of

these purposes at a given point in the

counseling process.


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Primary empathy responses that indicate thatcounselor has understood those themes that areapparent from the clients statement throughnonverbal communication and interchangeableresponses (facial expressions and other nonverbal

responses)

Advanced empathy it includes what the client hasimplied but not directly stated in his disclosure. itshould not be confused with interpretation, it is

always based on clients frame of reference. Evocative empathy counselor should give voice to

the clients intended message and later on can go alot further


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Major skills in Empathy Perceiving intense process of actively

listening for themes, issues ,personal

constructs and emotions Communicating counselors communication

conveys that clients meanings and feelings

have been understood.


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Bohart and Geenberg(1977

) and Bachelor andHorvath(1999)report that research has

consistently shown the correlations between

therapist empathy and counseling outcomes.

Evidence support that it is the most important of

the positive counselor qualities for client

success in counseling.

Documents

module 1 Counseling Processes