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MODIS Land StatusRobert Wolfe

NASA GSFC Code 614.5

Land Cover Land Use Change MeetingApril 1, 2009

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Shifting MODLand EmphasesAlgorithm Development and Testing, Initial Coding (starting 1997)

Instrument Performance Evaluation – algorithm revision/recoding

Product Testing and Beta Generation > Provisional Distribution

Initial PR and Outreach / Code Revision

First Major Reprocessing > Product QA and Validation

Stage 1 Validated Product Distribution > Feedback

Increased Outreach – Science/Application

Completion of Stage 2/3 Validation

Collection 5/6 Reprocessing

Instrument Monitoring

New ATBD’s?

Current Emphasis

Science Team initiated in 1988

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Science Team Members ProductR. Wolfe Geolocation E. Vermote Surface Reflectance

C. Schaaf AlbedoZ. Wan, S. Hook Surface TemperatureD. Hall, J. Maslanik Snow Cover M. Friedl Land Cover, Phenology/DynamicsI. Csiszar, C. Justice Active Fires, Burned AreaJ. Townshend Vegetation Continuous FieldsD. Hall, J. Maslanik Ice Surface TemperatureA. Huete, R. Myneni Vegetation Indices, LAI/FPARS. Running GPP/NPP, EvapotranspirationS. Ustin, A. Lyapustin, S. Liang,

J. Stroeve, R. Write, X. XiaoNew products or analysis

MODIS Land Science Team

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C5 Completed Spring 2008!

• MODIS Collection 5 (C5) completed Spring 2008– Many product improvements (i.e. 500m BRDF, burned area)

• C5 LST product has emissivity issue in barren areas– C4.1 (C4 algorithm with C5 L1 inputs) being produced for 2007

forward– C4.1 and C4 form a continuous time series– C6 expected to fix issue

• C5 Land Cover and Phenology/Dynamics being processed– Land cover @ 500 m for years 2000 to 2005 now available;

2006/07 release expected this summer– Vegetation phenology almost ready to be released for 2000 to 2005;

2006/07 release expected this summer

• C5 VCF expected this summer

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MODIS Land Distribution

(LP DAAC Land Products Only – Doesn’t include NSIDC Snow/Ice Products)

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101520253035404550

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LP DAAC MODIS Land Volume Distributed - 2008 C4

C5

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LP DAAC MODIS Land Files Distributed - 2008 C4

C5

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Validation StatusProduct Stage Key Data Method

MOD09 - Surface Reflectance - 2 Aeronet, Field

Landsat ETM Scaling

MOD10/ 29 - Snow - Sea Ice

- 2- 2

Volunteer, AWSLandsat ETM, ASTER Scaling

MOD11 - LST- Emissivity - 2 Field Direct

MOD12 - Landcover- Phenology

- 2- 1

- Landsat ETM- Volunteer field data

- Scaling- Direct

MOD13 - NDVI- EVI

- 2- 2

Landsat ETM, ASTER, SPOTAeronet, Fluxnet, Field Scaling

MOD14 - Active Fire - 2 Landsat ETM, ASTER Scaling

MOD15 - LAI- ƒPAR

- 2- 1

Landsat ETM, SPOT, IKONOS, AVIRISFluxnet, field / campaigns

Scaling / Direct

MOD17 - GPP- NPP

- 2- 2

Landsat ETMFluxnet, field / campaigns

Scaling / Direct

MCD43 - BRDF/Albedo - 1 Landsat ETM, ASTER, IKONOS

BSRN, Aeronet, Fluxnet, AWS Scaling

MOD44 - VCF- VCC - 1 Landsat ETM, IKONOS, Quickbird

Field Scaling

MCD45 - Burned Area - 1 Landsat ETM, ASTER Scaling

(Nightingale et al., 2009)

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Land Validation

Validation Stages:1. Product accuracy has been estimated using a small number of independent measurements

obtained from selected locations and time periods and ground-truth/field program efforts.2. Product accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods

via several ground-truth and validation efforts.3. Product accuracy has been assessed, and the uncertainties in the product well-established via

independent measurements made in a systematic and statistically robust way that represents global conditions. (Nightingale et al., 2009; Morisette et al. 2006)

Sites of validation activities for most of the Land products. The majority of validation activities occurred in North America, though operational scientific networks such as BSRN, Aeronet and Fluxnet, in addition to satellite-product inter-comparisons.

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MODIS Albedo and Reflectance Anisotropy (BRDF)

Validation with POLDER-3/PARASOL(Schaaf, Boston University)

Nov 2005 to Oct 2006

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New PI data set: MODIS Evapotranspiration

University of Montana

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Rainforest greens up

dry ‘sunny’ season rainy season

EVI (MODIS)

LAI (MODIS)

Huete et al., 2006, GRL

Amazon forests green-up in the dry season

Myneni et al., 2007, PNAS

Converted land drys out

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Amazon rainforest more productive and highly resilient to short term climatic anomalies such as

the intense drought in 2005

Rainforest was resilient to short term climatic anomalies

Saleska, Didan, Huete, Rocha, 2007, Science

TRMM anomaly

MODIS EVI anomaly

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Global MODIS NPP vs. Inverted CO2 inter-annual growth rates

Correlation between MODIS NPP and inverted CO2 annual growth rate anomaliesNPP by GMAO 0.872 2000~2006 p < 0.006NPP by NCEP 0.866 2000~2006 p < 0.006

University of Montana

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C6 Plans

• Time needed for community to evaluate and use C5 (C6 will complete 3 years after C5)

• For some products C5 will be the last reprocessing – VI, LAI

• Greater community outreach planned for C6 – Montana Vegetation Workshop, June 16-19– C6 test data sets will be available for review

• Expected completion in Jan. 2011– 11 years of MODIS/Terra and 8.5 years of

MODIS/Aqua– No data-gap – C5 will continue until reprocessing

completes

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C6 Time-line

May 2008 List of L1 C6 changes definedJune 2008 List of Land C6 changes definedDec 2009 to Apr 2010 Delivery of Land C6 algorithmsMar 2009 to Dec 2010 Science testing of Land C6 algorithmsJune to Dec 2009 Period for community comment/review

of changesJan 2010 Start of Land C6 reprocessing @18.5XDec 2010 Reprocessing completed

C5 Forward processing will continue until after the C6 Reprocessing completes

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New 250m L/W Mask for C6

Next step dynamic mask?

Ready for VIIRS (Jan. 2011 launch)

Improved inland water bodies

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C6 Changes Highlights (1/5)

1. Surface Reflectance (Vermote)– Continuous aerosol QA flag– Improvement to clouds and shadows (with LDOPE)– BRDF coupling in aerosol retrieval and surface reflectance– 8-day BRDF corrected reflectance (with gap fill)

2. Vegetation Indices (Huete)– (non planned)

3. BRDF/Albedo (Schaaf)– Improve backup algorithm– Improve quality fields and move to L2G-lite– Proposed: 2 bands @ 250m and 4-day frequency (based on 16-

days)

4. LAI/FPAR (Ranga)– (none planned)

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C6 Changes Highlights (2/5)

5. Net Photosynthesis (Zhao/Running)– Biome-Look-UP-Table (BPLUT) update– Finer spatial resolution GMAO data

6. Vegetation Continuous Fields (Carroll/Townsend)– Changes dependent on Surf. Refl. changes and final C5 VCF

product (will finish this summer)– Proposed: VCF moving to 250m

7. Thermal Anomalies/Fire (Giglio/Csiszar)– Refine internal cloud mask – heavy smoke– Fix false alarms in Amazon– Fix scan edge cloud/water confusion with Fire

8. Burned Area (Roy/Justice)– Include active Fire product

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C6 Changes Highlights (3/5)

9. Land Cover/Dynamics (Friedl)– Land Cover

• Migrate to hieratical LCCS compliant classification scheme• Stabilize classification across years• Improve difficult classes

– Phenology/Dynamics• Proposed: Move to 250m product (see NBAR)• Use 8-day product• Improved snow screening and gap filling• Asymmetric sigmoid fitting

10.Snow/Sea-ice (Hall)– Collaborate with BU to improve snow albedo– Create a “cloud-free” product (gap filled)– Improved use of cloud mask

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C6 Changes Highlights (4/5)

11.Land Surface Temperature (Wan)– Remove cloud contaminated values from L2 (in addition to L3)

product– Update LUT for split-window algorithm (focus on arid and semi-arid

regions)– Improve land-cover based emissivities (focus on barren areas)

12.Generic changes (Devadiga)– Use one cloud mask (not both MOD09 and MOD35)– Fix L2G-lite and use in downstream algorithms (not L2G(-heavy) or

MODAGG)– Eliminate 1km products when 500m is available

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C6 Changes Highlights (5/5)13.L1B and Geolocation (Wenny/Xiong and Wolfe)

– L1B• Dead detector handling change (fill, not interpolated)• A0/A2 (gain) update – Thermal bands• Response vs. Scan-angle (RVS) update (detector dependent)• New polarization information (from Oceans; particularly for recent Terra)

– Geolocation• improved terrain correction and 500m geolocation• possibly incorporate new L/W mask and 500m terrain model

14.L2G, L2G-lite (Wolfe)– Any fixes needed so L2G-lite can be used with down-stream

algorithms (inc. any additional Surf. Refl. fields)– Use 500m geolocation in 500m/250m products

15. New proposed standard products (ATBDs in process)– Leaf water content (Ustin)– Alternate Surface Refl./Albedo/NBAR/BRF (Lyapustin)

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End