Modernization in Japan

I. Japan Ends its Isolation Japan in isolation (early 17th cent. – mid

19th cent.) “Closed Country Policy” China & Dutch ONLY!! Tokugawa Shogunate

A. The Demand for Foreign Trade Early 19th cent.:

Westerners knock at Japanese door 1853: U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry

West Pacific Whaling Tokyo Bay (4 modern steam-powered warships) Delivered letter from President Millard Fillmore

Allow free trade (Perry threatened Shogun) Treaty of Kanagawa (1854):

Japan opened two ports 1860: others followed; extraterritorial rights to

foreigners

B. Meiji Reform & Modernization Japanese upset by Shogun’s decision

regarding the West Turned to emperor (Mutsuhito) 1867: Tokugawa Shogun stepped down

Ended military dictatorships (12th cent.) Mutsuhito took control

Meiji: “enlightened rule” Meiji Era: Lasted 45 years

Meiji Emperor = MODERNIZE!! Sent diplomats to Europe & N. America

Germany’s strong centralized govt. German army British navy American public education

Industrialization Railroad (1872) Coal production rose Factories (shipbuilding & other)

II. Imperial Japan 1890: Japan was strongest military power

in Asia!! Eliminated extraterritorial rights (1894) Nationalism = Imperialism

A. Japan Attacks China Japan Attacks China

1885: Japan & China signed “hands off agreement” concerning Korea

1894: China broke agreement Sino-Japanese War (Japan won)

Chinese driven out of Korea Chinese Navy destroyed Japan in Manchuria

1895 Peace Treaty (gave Japan its first colonies) Taiwan & Pescadores Islands

B. Russo-Japanese War (1904 – 05) Russia & Japan = MAJOR WORLD POWERS

Manchuria? 1903: Russia refused to stay out of Korea 1904: Japanese surprise attack

Russia driven out of Korea 1905: Peace negotiations

Treaty of Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Japan received Manchuria

C. Japanese Occupation of Korea 1905: Korea made a protectorate of Japan

1910: Japan annexed Korea Japanese were HARSH!

Korean newspapers? Korean schools? Korean farmers? Japanese industries in Korea