TOP & BOTTOM OFIRON RACK

Length - 10 in.

WITTEK SPACE-SAVINGGREEN PLASTIC COATED

CLUB DISPLAY RACKSCan be used for Right or Left-Hand Displays

The racks that make it easy for yourcustomers to sell themselves. Washable.

These are the modern display racks that are help-ing pros everywhere sell more golf clubs. Theyalways keep your clubs orderly and prominentlydisplayed - and make it tempting and easy foryour players to get their hands on them. Compactdesign and minimum mounting space meet thewidest variety of display areas and arrangements.

Improve your display - increase your sales.

IRON RACKS-SET $3.50 WOOD RACKS-SET $3.75COMBINATION SET-WOOD and IRON RACKS-$6.75

Pros bought over 1,200 Wittek Space-Saver Displaysat Dunedin this winter.

MODERN WIRE SPACE SAVERS FOR STANDARD PEG BOARD• Installs in Seconds

• DisplaysEasily Changed

• Displays 1 SetEvery Six inches

• Displays Woods or Irons• Displays up to 10 Irons• Displays up to 4 Woods

• Displays Clubs either to right or left

t" ",,('rWOOD RACKS

UTILITY HOOKS

When ordering iron racks, please specify right or left-hand sets. Woodracks are optional and can be used for both. For best results use onstandard Va" width pegboard. Wood Rack can be used to displayan assortment of utility clubs or putters.

PEGW Wood Racks-Set $2.00PEGI Iron Racks-Set $2.00PEGC Comb. Set, Wood &Iron - Set $3.50Golf Bag Hooks-Each 251 I!!!!~~o~hD~rD~~E~r~ff~Ych:~:'3!~~1~

Equipment & Supplies forPRO SHOPS - RANGES - MINIATURES - PAR 3s

March, 1960 101

New Course MaintenanceAn Architect Leeks at-• Mowing Practices• Moisture Problems• Fertilization Programs

By Geoffrey S. CornishGolf Course Architect. Amherst. Mass.

IN WORKING with several supts. whohave brought recently constructed

courses into play, I have become increas-ingly aware of several recurring problemsunlike those encountered in maintenanceof established turf. For those who are op-erating new courses, individual holes orgreens, it might be helpful to outline meth-ods others have used successfully in meet-ing a few of these problems.

It is fundamental that the sooner regu-lar mowing with a greenmower starts, thesooner the grass will form a putting turf.Allowing new bent to grow tall results ina matted condition as does continued cut-ting with a machine other than a green-mower. Indeed, some supts. have beenmost successful in using a greenmower atthe initial mowing of seeded or stolonizedgreens although it may appear that it isactually damaging the grass at the time.

Mow RegularlyRegularity in mowing is of utmost im-

portance. During growing seasons at leastfour clippings weekly are necessary. Itfrequently has been observed that if thenew grass is left uncut for several daysand then cut, development of the newgrass is seriously retarded. This is proba-bly why new greens opened early for playand mowed regularly sometimes fill inquicker than those not opened and mowedless frequently. ,

It is my observation that the superb newPenncross, if not maintained at a lowheight of cut in initial stages, takes on anentirely different and inferior character atmaturity despite subsequent care. Some ofthe reported "fluffing" of Penncross is per-haps due to infrequent mowing in post-seedling stages.

Exception to Close MowingDespite the greatest of care in mowing

and in other ways, we sometimes see oneor more stubborn greens that do not seem

102

to form turf. Some probable causes of thison stolonized greens are: (1) the stolonswere not fresh when planted; (2) oldnursery stock was used; and (3) the greenwas planted late in the season after growthwas finished. When this poor turf condi-tion results often it can be remedied bymerely raising the height of cut about ~,in.John Cornman recommended this for acourse in New York State after other prac-tices had failed. Results were astonishing.I have since seen this simple expedientwork wonders on other stubborn greens.This remedy was, however, only expedientafter the green had failed to respond tothe close mowing recommended above. Inother words, higher cutting apparently hadto be preceeded by close mowing.

Sogginess on Sodded GreensOn recently sodded greens where top-

soil has been thoroughly prepared in rela-tion to sand admixture, we may observedangerous sogginess in rainy periods. Thismay be caused by the soil in the sod layerbeing of a slightly different texture thanthat of the prepared topsoil with the resultthat moisture does not pass freely from thesod to the lower layer. One or two wintersof frost will take care of this condition butsince it is dangerous in hot humid weatherit should be relieved by aeration. Three orfour aerifications, spaced about a weekapart, should relieve the condition, butduring this period syringing with wateris of importance to save the sod. Severalsupts. have reported that wetting agentswill also reduce sogginess.

Sogginess may be aggravated by thepresence of trees that shade the green orcut off circulation. Then a choice has tobe made between trees or the grass. Onnew courses it is best to remove the treesbefore putting the layouts in play due tomember resistance to tree removal.

(Continued on page 147)

Goljdom.

AUTOMATICLift Handle-It Opens

Drop Handle- It Closes

TUFFI-TUBES

Plasticor

FibrePlastic 59c listFibre 35c list

Special Discount To Pros.:

F'OLDING ACTION

NEW SPRING SEAT &OTHER ACCESSORIES

SEND FOR CATALOGUEcontain-inq many Barqains for the Pro shop.Our new policy on freiqht and othersavinqs to make you money, includ-inq specials on our quided spook qolfBalls and other items

MADEGOLF

BYCART

WORLD/S OLDESTMANUFACTURER

NEW MODEL

"HERCULES"

NEW-Adjustable handle.More sensitive. No ratchet.Set it onee and no furtheradjustments necessary.

NEW-Bag bracket. N.bag injury. Set it IDCIand it's alwaya read7.

NEW-Leg allembly. It'lwider for added Itrength.Wheels fold AWAY frombag.

The Finest of the "Prestige" Carts $39.95

CHAMBERLIN METAL PRODUCTS 2226 Wabansia, Chicago 47, III.SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUES-~-------•.....-------------- •...••------ •....•--------.

CHAMBERLIN METAL PRODUCTS For Resale 0 Personal 0Please •• Ild full information about the following produds: Kaddie Kart Rental Karts 0 KolapsiKart automatic closing golf carts for resale 0 Send Catalogues 0 Prices 0 "Nassau Renter"

.; Economy Kar model 0 Nassau Deluxe model 0 Personal use 0w. Now Us•....••......••••••.•.••.••••.•••.••...........•...•................................. : _•..........................................R.marks and requ.sts __ •.....__ .....•.................................................................. __ ..._. •.._••_._ ..

Na.... ._ .._._ •..... .._..__ ..•. • ._.._ _._._ _._. __ ._ __ .._ .

MAIL-COUPON AcWre ••NOW CIty __ :- z.... It••• .

----_._---_ ..

Wetting Ag,ents-They Reduce Soil, Moisture Tensions,.

Enable Water to Circulate More Freely

and Carry Nutri ents to PIant Roots

Robert A. Moore *Pres., Aquatrols Corp. of America, Camden, N. J.

CORRECT or incorrect use of watercan mean life or death to turf. For

centuries people have dealt with water asif it were sacred - as if nothing could bedone to change it. Yet, in 1959, a numberof supts. in areas with adverse weatherconditions produced turf that respondeddifferently. Their turf was denser, moredisease resistant, better rooted. It was turfthat was tougher in relation to wear, tem-perature, humidity, and wilt. It was pro-duced from freely moving, more availablewater and nutrients - grown consistantlyunder low soil-moisture-tensions.

We have seen many slides and chartswith response curves. These should, andsomeday will, show at least two sets of re-sponse curves - one for normal moisturetensions; the other for low moisture-ten-sions.

These tensions can be changed - andwhen changed, the turf produced respondsdifferently. Clearly two factors stand outas fundamental in growing superior turf:

1) the rate at which water displacesitself in a soil;

2) the availability and rate of utilizationof water and nutrients as evaluatedin terms of soil-moisture tensions.

With any soil condition and moisturecontent, what has to be proved is that aplant's physiology is affected by the soil-moisture tension of its environment. Ten-sion of this environment is directly affectedby non-ionic wetting-agents.

Most of us are familiar with the mechan-ical aspect of non-ionic wetting-agentswhere the reduction in tension of water al-

*This is a condensation of a speech that Mooregave at the recent annual conference of the Mid-Atlantic GCSA. .

104

lows water to penetrate more readily intoproblem areas such as hard spots, thatch,localized dry spots, banks, etc. Here, wecan easily get lost in a tangle of dissen-sion as to what the problem is and howit should be solved. Should we change ourfertilizer program? aerify? aerify and applysoil-wetting-agents? should we renovate?try new grasses? is the problem one ofsoil composition?

f Dr. D. B. Peters, at the USDA experi-ment station in Urbana, Ill., studied theeffects of soil-moisture-tension. His find-ings showed that soil-moisture-tensionscontrol:

1) movement of water and nutrients insoil;

2) the uptake of water and nutrients bythe plant;

3) that nutrient starvation set in underhigh tension conditions before water star-vation (or wilt.)

Thus a plant's growth can be determinedby the tension of the soil moisture in whichit lives. Before, it was shown that these ten-sions can be controlled by non-ionic wet-ting-agents.,

Nursery Stock Greatly ImprovedLet's turn to the ornamental nursery

field where a great deal of information isnow available and more will be pub-

Goljdom

7 GREAT BALLSto choose from

Scratch golfer; high handicapper; orin between-there's a Stylist golfball which will help each type playbetter-ALL WAYS.

With Stylist you can offer golfers achoice of a thin wall liquid or preci-

wall liquid center- 70 compression.

With Stylist you get an extra thin,cut-resisting cover; new super resil-ient rubber thread; triple baked purewhite paint; every ball X-rayed fortrueness - hand compressed for

sion ground steel center-a choice -~a ccuracy .not offered by any other golf ball.

With Stylist there is a choice of 3different compressions-80, 90 and100-in both steel and liquid cen-ters. PLUS the Lady Stylist with thin

With Stylist you have the right ballto match any golfer's game--helpeach one play better-ALL WAYSTry 'em yourself and we bet you'll beplaying Sty list-regularly.

~LYMOUTH GOLF BALL COM PANY

•

MAKERS OF THE WORLD'S BEST GOLF BALLS

PLYMOUTH MEETING, PENNSYLVANIA

Sold only in Pro Shops

March, 1960 105

lished this year. What happens to nurserystock grown under low soil-moisture-ten-sions? One big advantage in the nurseryfield is that a person is able to take plantmaterial and follow its development overa period of months or years. Plants grownconsistently under low-moisture-tensionsmake better growth, are denser, more di-sease wilt resistant and develop better rootsystems.

You can take the best prepared soil,physically change its moisture, and youwill get a result that is utterly new. Thesesame results. are being obtained by thefew supts. who have maintained theirturf under low-moisture-tensions.

These results raise such questions as:What does constitute a proper soil mixturefor a green? What is the most effectivefertilizer program? What grasses are mostdesirable? To each question we can pointto case after case where changing thephysical characteristics of water gives usa new insight into our use of this basic in-gredient of life itself. This requires a newlook at all the good maintenance prac-tices that have been developed over theyears - a reevaluation of them in terms oflow-moisture-tensions.

Program Must Be FollowedIt can truthfully be said that this is a

new philosophy of growing plant material.That is under low soil-moisture-tensions.But these results do not happen overnight!A program must be followed. A blend ofnon-ionic wetting agents should be usedaccording to this general plan:

1) Every year apply a total of 24 to32 ozs. of non-ionic wetting agentper 1,000 sq. ft. Each applicationshould be at the rate of 8 ozs. per1,000 sq. ft.

2. Under severe conditions apply 8 ozs.per 1,000 sq. ft. at monthly intervalsduring the season.

3) To promote deeper rooting, makeboth an early spring and fall appli-cation.

4) For maximum performance keep yourprogram on schedule.

These rates of application are based onusing a blend of non-ionic wetting agentsthat is 100 per cent active ingredients.Your average yearly cost for such a pro-gram should be in the neighborhood of$2.00 to $3.00 per 1,000 sq. ft. In termsof all greens, collars, approaches and teeson an average 18 hole course, the costwould be less than $450 a year.

What can be expected from followingsuch a program? After consistenely grow-

106

ing under low-moisture-tension conditions,supts. have .essentially eliminated syring-ing. They report very little evidence ofwilt. Their fungicidal program and con-trol are more effective. Their turf is denser,more resistant to wear and deeper rooted.During 1959 they had had more play thanever before and their greens were betterthan ever.

Our thinking shouldn't be confined topast experiences where soil wetting agentswere used sparingly. This is not a one shotproposition - it is a program.

Royal Canadian AssociationReleases Annual Report

The pres. and board of governors of theRoyal Canadian Golf Assn., released itsannual report late in February. The assn.,in its 64th year, pointed out that the high-lights of 1959 were development of aJunior program and introduction of twomajor competitions for youngsters, Cana-dian Junior Match Play championship andthe Junior Interprovincial team matches.RCGA, the report said, will continue toabide by the Royal & Ancient rules on lostball, ball out of bounds and unplayablelie in 1960 and not follow the lead of theUSGA in reducing the penalty on these.

In 1959, the RCGA's excess of revenueover expenses was $5,600, with a totalrevenue increase of $3,800. Surplus ac-count of the organization was increasedto nearly $30,000.

Receipts from the 1959 National GolfWeek were $11,771 and it took $3,841 topromote the event. Net receipts were dis-tributed to eight provincial associations.

The 1960 pres. of the RCGA is V. C.Holdroyd of Toronto. H. C. Lyle of Van-couver and Dr. J. E. Leddy of Saskatoonare vps and C. E. Robinson of Toronto issecy.-treas.

--------Southern California Costs

Southern Calif. GA's cost analysis com-mittee recently published a survey of golfcourse maintenance costs at member clubsfor 1958 and the following information wasrevealed: Of 25 clubs reporting, four saidtheir course maintenance costs exceeded$100,000 a year; four were in the $90,000to $100,000 bracket; three were in the$80,000 to $90,000 bracket; seven clubsput their expenses at between $70,000 and$80,000; two had them pegged between$60,000 and $70,000; and five were under$60,000. The average for the 25 clubsfigures out to $80,000.

Goljdom

GCSA Hopes to Do SomethingAbout Built-in Headaches

The struggle to achieve golf courseswith "built-in maintenance" has a newchampion - newly-elected GCSA pres.,James E. Thomas of Army Navy CC, Ar-lington, Va. There is nothing "new" aboutJim's interest in the problem of avoidingbuilt-in courses headaches. He has beencorrecting them for years. In his newposition he plans to give full support tothe 1600 GCSA members in their cam-paign to spell out in 1-2-3 order the mostserious built-in headaches, and to out-line the way in which planners, architectsand builders can best work together toavoid them.

It has been. said that there is an elementof selfishness in the campaign to creategolf courses that will be easier to maintain.Admitting that this is true, the next ques-tion is, "Isn't it about time?"

Work Around the ClockWhen the weather is tough and the go-

ing gets rough, supts. often work aroundthe clock, seven days a week, to maintaingood playing conditions. When a supt. isfighting built-in headaches, a slight sliI?invigilance (a man needs some sleep) agamstdisease, flooding or stagnation easily canmean the loss of great areas of turf. A sud-den disastrous turn of the weather cannullify weeks and months of careful prepa-ration even without any slips. Too oftenthis means an unjustified loss of job whenofficials do not understand the true situa-tion. Anything, then, that will help toachieve Simplified routine maintenanceis worthwhile.

Golfers BenefitThe real beneficiaries of simplified

maintenance resulting from improved de-sign and construction are not the supts.but the golfers! There have been numerous

March, 1960

If you have questions about turf care,please send' them to Fred Grau

(right) c/o Golfdom.

long, loud squawks from players, "Whydoes the crew always have to be messingaround on the course when we're playinggolf?" The answer is simple: To try to keepthe course playable. Properly-built coursesdo not need constant wet nursing to keepthem in top playing condition. Routinemaintenance can be accomplished whenthere is little or no play on the course. Bycontrast, only by constant attention canpoorly built areas be kept playable.

Handbook SuggestedIn preparing for the Houston program

on "Construction Concepts of a GolfCourse" letters were written to architects,builders, supts. and technical workers ask-ing for their viewpoints. The replies pour-ed in, all eager to expose the weaknessesof hard-to-keep courses. Each one support-ed the basic concepts of good construc-tion as George Cobb, Warren Bidwell andCharlie Danner so clearly set forth in theirpapers at the GCSA convention. One ofthe suggestions has exceptional merit andit may become a reality - to prepare aguide or handbook designed to help cre-ate virtually trouble free courses.

One of the oft-repeated suggestions wasto hire a qualified supt. as soon as the de-cision is made that a new course is to bebuilt. Give him authority and the responsi-bility of protecting the interests of theclub by demanding built-in maintenancethat gives maximum playability even underthe most adverse conditions.

107

· . . of handicaps andlush greens respect theknow-how that achievesthe quality to increaseprofits. That's whyyou'll go into actiontoday to get the fullMagic Fleece pro shopsuccess story.

NATIONALLYADVERTISED in

ESQUIRE, TRUE, SPORTSILLUSTRATED, PLAYBOY

NEW CUSHION AIR ••• CUSHIONSOLE FOR FOOT ·FLOAT COMFORT

EVERYWHEREI

Carefully knit of Orlan, Nylon and Cot-ton . . . Sanitized® for hygienic fresh-ness, Fabulized® for extra absorbency.A leader in our complete sport and casualline. About $1.50 retail. Smartly pack-aged for our self-sell counter display.

Write for Free1960 Magic Fleece Catalog!

-m..agtc.\f1]q:Jr-.2e.e.c:e® Dept. 6

FINEST SPORT AND CASUAL ~OCKSROCKFORD TEXTILE MILLS, INC.

McMINNVILLE. TENNESSEE

108

Harry Burkhardt on Winter PlayGentlemen:

In the February issue of Golfdom, Iwas much interested in myoId friend,Fred Crau's remarks on winter play dam-age.

We have played 2300 rounds of golf atShawnee Hills and almost 3000 at No.1course at Rocky River in December andJanuary. We have had very little damageeven on the new greens at Shawnee Hills.

Winter golfers seem to have much morerespect for a golf course than summergolfers.

We close the tees as soon as the firstfreeze comes. We have had no troublekeeping golfers off the tees. The cupsare changed every 300 rounds, winter orsummer and we can not see as much wearnow as in the summertime.

We close the course as soon as thefrost goes out of the ground, and only rare-ly are we caught with golfers on softgreens. I can never remember closing acourse for winter playas far back as 1930.

Here we have extended good will to anumber of golfers. The men and womenthat play in the winter are real golf fans;they are our biggest boosters. There cer-tainly is some extra effort necessary tokeep a course open in winter but thensummers are no picnic either.

Sincerely,Harry BurkhardtMgr., Shawnee Hills, Bedford, O.

Drainage was the term most frequentlyused to secure the ultimate in playabilityand ease of maintenance. Many mainten-ance headaches have been caused by faultydrainage, nearly all of which could beavoided by a better understanding of theprinciples of drainage and the applicationof these basic concepts. There is surfacedrainage; internal drainage; subsurfacedrainage; and air drainage. Each is import-ant but all must work in perfect harmony.To violate even one phase of drainage cannullify the total effects of good construc-tion.

Space Problem Here, TooSpace concepts received a thorough air-

ing. Space for cup changes, space for carttraffic, space for operating maintenanceequipment between greens and bunkers,space for turning mowers at green edges,space for teeing areas, etc. It boils downto the principle of spreading the traffic to

(Continued on page 142)

Goljdom

o~

CheckThese

AdvantagesAgainst

Any OtherPipe forSprinklerSystemsat ANYPRICE

• Tested and proved, HighTensile, High Tempera-ture, ABS Type II Pipe.

• Chemically inert ... un-affected by corrosive actionof fertilizers or acid soils.

• Specific guarantee againstrot, rust, rodent damage,electrolytic corrosion.

• Standard 30-foot lengths.

• ygth the weight of steel.

• Up to 90% labor savingsunder other materials.

• Up to 65% savings undercost of other materials.

• Complete line of fittingsIN STOCK.

• Flexible ... does not shearat joints.

• Freeze-proof to -70°F.

• Leak-proof solvent-weldedjoints.

• Can be air-tested beforebackfilling.

EVANITE PERFORATED PLASTIC PIPE Ideal for drainage and for leaching systems. Providesefficient drainage, yet carries off a minimum of dirt in suspension.r----------------------------

~.I~~~~ PLASTICc;...~~ COMPANY EVANITE PLASTIC CO.CARROLLTON, OHIO

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY

I Please tell me more about Evanite Irrigation Pipe

II

Sales Offices: Cleveland, Ohio. Bay City, Mich. I• Columbus, Ohio • Fairmont, W. Va .• Pitts- Iburgh, Pa. • Toledo, Ohio • Detroit, Mich. • IPhiladelphia, Pa. I ADDRESSOne of the nation's largest producers of face I ,------------------brick, clay pipe, clay flue lining, wall coping, Iand related construction materials, with over I CITY STATE. _50 years of faster, friendlier service. L.----------------------tilA-m.nr-

DO IT RIGHT WITH EVANITE SEWER, GAS, WATER, IRRIGATION PIPE

DIVISION OF THE EVANS PIPE COMPANYMain Office: Plant:

Uhrichsville, Ohio Carrollton, Ohio

March, 1960

NAME _

POS ITI ON CLUB _

109

Turf Schooling-

ItO'ffers 'BigOpportunities

Facts and Figures for Last FiveYears from Stockbridge SchoolShow that Turf ManagementGraduates Are Faring Wellon Golf Course Jobs

By ELIOT C. ROBERTS*

THE question often is asked, "Are op-portunities in turfgrass management

good for a college trained man?" The an-swer is decidedly yes. The University ofMassachusetts sponsors a two-year coursein practical agricultural science known asthe Stockbridge School of Agriculture.Among 12 major courses of study offeredis turfgrass management. Records of stu-dent enrollment, academic achievementand job placement for the past five yearsindicate a bright future for young mentrained in this specialty.

An interest in plants and plant science isessential for a student entering a collegecourse in turf management. High schoolstudents who enjoy studying biology,chemistry, mathematics and physics andalso like working with ornamental plantmaterial do well in turf work. Those mostsuccessful in this field have a fondness foroutdoor work. For them there is a chal-lenge in creating and maintaining beauti-ful surroundings, and opportunity in work-ing closely with nature and living plants.They like the close association withsports and sportsmen. Caddies and golfers,because of their close contact with fine

o Until Aug. 1, 1959 Dr. Eliot C. Robertswas a turf specialist at the U. of Massa-chusetts. He left this position to take asimiliar post at Iowa State University,where he succeeded the late Prof. HarveyLantz. Roberts worked under Prof. L. S.Dickinson at Massachusetts, was in chargeof the school's eight-week and two-yearshort courses, and is speoializing in re-search at Iowa State

110

Joseph Troll, instructor in Turfgrass Management,works with three Stockbridge turf majors, ConnieOvian, Larry Thompson and Sam Delmolino (I to r)

on an exercise in grass identification.

turf, frequently become interested in turf-grass management as a career.

Experience May Be LimitedPrevious experience in turfgrass work or

allied fields may allow one individual toadvance faster than another. However, itis not an essential ingredient for success.Although a few men with experience insurpervising maintenance of golf courseshave enrolled at Massachusetts, most stu-dents come with limited experience.

Previous education and training of stu-dents majoring in Turf Management hasvaried from those who are high schoolgraduates to men holding degrees fromcolleges, universities or technical schools.In most cases the degree of interest in turfworks counts more than previous educa-tional training in predicting success in this

Age of students has varied from 17 to46. There is (within limits) no direct re-lationship between age and early advance-ment in turfgrass management. Manyyoung men in their early twenties havebeen just as good students as their olderclassmates and often become superiorsupts. The maturity of the individual, rath-er than his age, is the factor which, whenallied with technical competence, determ-ines the ability to assume a superinten-dent' s responsibility. This maturity of thestudent is also reflected in part by hisability to study and produce good workwhile in college.

During the past five years 67 men have

Golfdom