Modern Japan and the Koreas

Terms to Know

Peninsula Archipelago Tsunamis Emperor Japanese Democracy

KOREA

Peninsula 70% low, steep mountains Farming Difficult 5,400 mile coastline

• Good Harbors• Seafood

Mountains & the Yalu River Thousands of Islands

Korean Bridge The peninsula has

been used as a natural bridge between China and Japan.

Graphic Organizer Use this as an example for

your notes on each country ---

Name of Country Type of GovernmentGDP

Religions Ethnic Groups Literacy Rate

South Korea

Climate: temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter

Natural resources: coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential Land use: arable land: 16.58%, permanent crops: 2.01%, other: 81.41% (2005)

Natural hazards: occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest

Environment - current issues: air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing

Population: 48,754,657 (July 2011 est.) Life Expectancy 79

Government of South Korea

Government type: Democratic republic Capital: Seoul Suffrage: 19 years of age; universal Republic with powers shared between the

president, the legislature, and the courts. Branches: Executive--President (chief of state);

Legislative--unicameral National Assembly. Judicial--Supreme Court and appellate courts; Constitutional Court.

South Korea

Ethnic groups: homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)

Religions: Christian 26.3% (Protestant 19.7%, Roman Catholic 6.6%), Buddhist 23.2%, none 49.3%

Languages: Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school

Literacy: 97.9% GDP - per capita: $30,000 (2010 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 7.5%, industry: 17.3%,

services: 75.2% (2007) Unemployment rate: 3.3% (2007 est.) Oil - consumption: 2.13 million bbl/day (2006)

Graphic Organizer

Name of Country Type of GovernmentGDP

 South Korea

Republic-Presidential Democracy

$31,700 (2011 est.)

Religions Ethnic Groups Literacy Rate

Christian 26.3%,Buddhist

23.2%, none 49.3% homogeneous  97.9%

North Korea

Climate: temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer

Natural hazards: late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall

Environment - current issues: water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; waterborne disease; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation

North Korea

Population: 24,457,492 (July 2011 est.) Life expectancy : 72 Ethnic groups: racially homogeneous Religions: traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some

Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom

Languages: Korean Literacy: 99%

Government of North Korea

Type: Highly centralized (Autocratic)communist state. Government type: Communist state one-man dictatorship

Capital: Pyongyang Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal

North Korea Economy one of the world's most centrally directed and least

open economies GDP - per capita (PPP): $1,800 (2009 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 37%, industry

and services: 63% Unemployment rate: NA% Oil - consumption: 10,520 bbl/day (2006)

Eric Lafforgue: "The highways in North Korea are huge and carless. Planes could land there. You can even see kids playing in the middle of the road. Security is a major problem because children and old people are not used to seeing cars, so they cross over the roads at any time, without watching out for oncoming traffic. The only cars you can see sometimes on highways are military ones, and most of them are stopped by the side of road, broken down. Or you can also see brand new Mercedes cars belonging to the North Korean officials passing by at very high speeds." (© Eric Lafforgue) #

Graphic Organizer

Name of Country Type of GovernmentGDP

North Korea

Communist state one-man

dictatorship $1,800

(2011 est.)Religions Ethnic Groups Literacy Rate

Traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist. Religious activities now almost

nonexistent homogeneous 99%

Describe the ways governments distribute power (Left Side)

Unitary- a form of government in which power is held by one central authority.

Confederation-voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.

Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

Which one is South Korea today???? How about North Korea?

Answer

South Korea=Unitary North Korea=Unitary

Citizen participation in government (Left Side)

Autocratic-government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.

Oligarchic-Government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.

Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.

Which one is South Korea today???? How about North Korea?

Answer

South Korea-Democratic North Korea-Autocratic

Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments (Left Side)

Parliamentary-system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature.

Presidential-a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature.

Which one does South Korea have today? How about North Korea?

Answer

South Korea-Parliamentary Democracy North Korea-Neither-Dictatorship

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Think-Pair-Share

Is the economy of South Korea an example of Command, Market, or Traditional? How about North Korea?

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Think-Pair-Share An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company,

enterprise, or venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome.

What do you think is the level of Entrepreneurship in South Korea, North Korea?

Japan

Archipelago – chain of islands Hokkaido Honshu Kyushu Shikoku

Size of Montana Too mountainous to Farm 100 Miles off the Coast

Japan

The Ring of Fire Philippines Indonesia Australia South America Alaska

Earthquakes & Volcanoes Tsunamis

Mt. Fuji

Shinto (Shintoism) is the native religion of Japan and was once its

state religion. It is a polytheistic and animistic faith, and involves the worship of kami, (polytheistic) or spirits. Some kami are local and can be regarded as the spiritual being/spirit of a particular place, but others represent major natural objects and processes: for example, Amaterasu, the Sun goddess, or Mount Fuji. Shinto is commonly translated as "The Way of the Gods.”

Shinto is no longer Japan's official state religion.

A woman tying her fortune (omikuji) at Kasuga Shrine

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism

a A Japanese variation of of Buddhism, which came from India through China.

a It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

Samurai Similar to medieval knights in Europe Heavily armed Trained in Skills of Fighting

Intense training techniques Code of Values – Bushido

Honor, Bravery, Absolute Loyalty No fear of death Seppuku – ritual suicide

Mongol Invasion 1274 – Kublai Khan Timely typhoon wrecked 30,000 Mongol

ships 1281 – larger Mongol feet, another

typhoon Kamikaze – divine winds

Order & Unity 1590 – Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Peasant by birth Failed to conquer Korea & China

Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.

Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan.

1600 – Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogun Determined to end Feudal Wars Strict, Centralizing Rules

Tokugawa Shogunate Period

Tokugawa Shogunate Perioda Japan closed off to all trade

[except to the Dutch and Chinese].

The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.

a Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.

a The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.

a Domestic trade flourishes.a Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.a Merchant class becomes rich! a New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki theater.

Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!

In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…

“The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.”

The Shi-shi (“Men of High Purpose”)

The Shi-shi (“Men of High Purpose”) Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the

arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan.

They believed that:

Japan was sacred ground.

The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God.

Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West without the Emperor’s consent.

Their slogan Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians!

The Shogunate Is Overthrown!

The Shogunate Is Overthrown! The last

Shogun.

Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

The Emperor Is “Restored” to Power

The Emperor Is “Restored” to Power

MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”

Japan Annexes KoreaJapan Annexes Korea

Japan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in China

Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the

Horizon

Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the

Horizon

Japan becomes animperialist power

Until the late eighteen hundreds, Japan had been a nation with ancient political traditions and little contact with the Western world.

Visits by Commodore Matthew Perry and American warships helped open Japan to trade with the United States and other nations in the 1850’s. And in the years that followed, Japan took giant steps toward becoming a modern industrial nation.

Japan becomes an

imperialist power

By the 1920’s and 1930’s, Japan was a strong country. But it lacked oil, rubber, and other natural materials of its own. For this reason, Japanese leaders looked with envy at the Dutch colonies in Indonesia, French colonies in Indochina, and British colonies in Malaya and Burma. And Japanese businessmen saw huge markets for their products in such nearby countries as Korea and China.

Japan is hungry for resources… Japan's desire to use eastern Asia to gain natural materials and sell

manufactured products was in direct conflict with American plans for Asia.

For this reason, Americans were very concerned when Japanese forces invaded the Manchuria area of China in nineteen thirty-one. And they watched with great interest the efforts of Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek to oppose the Japanese invaders.

The United States was also very concerned about protecting its imports of oil, tin, and natural rubber from southeast Asia. This area of the world was a major supplier of these natural materials in the nineteen thirties. The Middle East had not yet become a leading producer of oil.

Why did the U.S. and Japan need OIL and RUBBER????

The Economics of WW II In these ways, the United States and Japan were competing for the same

natural materials and Asian markets. However, there also was a good deal of trade between the two nations. In fact, Japan depended on the United States for most of its metal, copper, and oil. Lack of Natural Resources??

Much of the metal, oil, and other materials that Japan used for its war effort in China came from the United States. Americans did not like selling Japan materials to use against China. But the trade was legal because of a nineteen eleven agreement between Tokyo and Washington.

However, the American government told Japan in nineteen thirty-nine that it would end the earlier agreement. It would no longer sell Japan materials that could be used for war. (What type of Trade Barrier is this an example of….?)

The Axis Powers In the spring of 1940, Germany launched its lightning invasion of

Europe. Extremists in the Japanese government saw the German victory as

their chance to launch their own attack on European colonies in Asia. They quickly began negotiations with Hitler to form a new alliance (The Axis Powers).

The new Japanese government was headed by General Tojo.

No Oil for you! These events caused relations between Tokyo and Washington to

become even worse. President Roosevelt banned the export of metal and oil products to Japan.

(What type of Trade Barrier is this an example of….?) Japan invaded Indochina further souring US-Japanese relations.

The US took control of all Japanese money in the United States, strengthened the armed forces of the Philippines, and closed the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. (What type of Trade Barrier is this an example of….?)

Negotiations between Japan and the United States continued through the final months of 1941.

American military officials captured secret messages from Japan during this time. They learned that Tokyo was planning an attack of some kind unless the United States suddenly changed its policies.

Almost everyone in Washington expected that the Japanese would attack south of Japan. They were wrong. The military leaders in Tokyo were planning a surprise attack on America's main pacific military base, the huge naval center at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

But, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .

But, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .

Post-World War II Japan When World War II came to an end in 1945, Japan

was in ruin. The extent of the devastation is difficult for most Americans to comprehend. All of Japan's major cities, with the sole exception of Kyoto, had been bombed extensively during the last few months of the war. Everyone is familiar with the fate of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; few, however, realize that Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe and many other Japanese cities were equally devastated. The only difference is that their destruction occurred over a period of months rather than in one instant of time. In either case, the result was the same-smoldering rubble.

The physical scars of the war reflected only a small portion of the despair which gripped Japan in late 1945. Edwin Reischauer, a former U.S. Ambassador to Japan, describes the scene:"Some 2 million of her people had died in the war, a third of them civilians; 40 per cent of the aggregate area of the cities had been destroyed, and the urban population had declined by half; industry was at a standstill . . . [The Japanese] were physically and spiritually exhausted. Many were in rags and half-starved, and all were bewildered and mentally numbed.”

Rebuilding A Nation

Many Japanese felt the key factor in losing the war had not been a difference between the capabilities of the individual Japanese and American soldiers, but rather the superior ability of the American economy to rapidly produce large quantities of war materials. It seemed only natural, then, to

use America's free enterprise system as the model for rebuilding Japan. As it had done twice before in its history,

Japan sent their finest students to the US and Europe to study economic, political, social, and educational

systems (Human Capital).

Rebuilding Japan

In order to help the Japanese to get back on their feet the United States government provided the following: Shared manufacturing knowledge

• (Human Capital) Provided loans to rebuild factories

• (Capital) Provided materials used in construction

• (Resources)

Rebuilding Japan The Cold War also played a role in the rebuilding of Japan.

Many feared a communist take over of Japan if the US didn’t help the Japanese to rebuild.

Flag of USSR

Communist Party of Japan Flag

Recovery (1945 mid 1950s)

America's postwar occupation of Japan was marked by a surprisingly high degree of

friendly cooperation. One important decision was to allow the Emperor to remain as a symbol of Japanese unity but with little real political power.The Japanese government was restructured to resemble the British parliamentary system. The Diet is the legislative branch of the government and is the most powerful of the three branches. It consists of the House of Representatives with 511 seats and the House of Councilors with 252 seats.

Recovery (1945mid50s) One of the major reasons for Japan’s growth after WWII is

their INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL. Japan places a high emphasis on education. Students take entrance exams to get into high schools and universities, and the competition is fierce. Japan’s high educated and productive labor force is a major reason for the country’s

economic success. Japan has also made massive CAPITAL INVESTMENTS in their infrastructure. Japan has a history of investing in new technology and providing its workers with the latest equipment.

Japan Natural resources: negligible mineral resources, fish Natural hazards: many dormant and some active volcanoes; about

1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons

Environment - current issues: air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere.

Population: 126,475,664 (July 2011 est.) Life expectancy at birth: 82 Ethnic groups: Japanese 98.5% Religions: observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16%

Government type: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government

The emperor does not have any effective power but is only the symbol of the state.

Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal Executive:

The cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister. The cabinet further consists of the ministers which are appointed by the prime minister and are usually members of the Diet. The prime minister is elected by the Diet.

Modern Japanese Government

Prime Minister Yoshihiko NODA

Modern Japanese Economy Japan’s location provides easy access to the world’s

markets through the use of water transportation. Japan imports raw materials, uses them to manufacture

goods like ships, cars, and electronics then exports those goods around the world.

Japan specializes in high tech goods.

Japan Economy

Literacy: 99% (Skills of Human Capital-Economics)

GDP - per capita: $34,000 (2010 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 4.6%,

industry: 27.8%, services: 67.7% (2004) Unemployment rate: 5% Oil - consumption: 5.353 million bbl/day (2005) Today, the Japanese enjoy one of the

highest standards of living in the world. Why???

Graphic Organizer Use this as an example for

your notes on each country ---

Name of Country Type of GovernmentGDP

Japan

constitutional monarchy with a

parliamentary government

$34,300 (2011 est.)

Religions Ethnic Groups Literacy Rate

Shinto and Buddhist 84% Japanese 98.5% 99%

Describe the ways governments distribute power (Left Side)

Unitary- a form of government in which power is held by one central authority.

Confederation-voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.

Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

Which one is Japan today????

Answer

Japan=Unitary

Citizen participation in government (Left Side)

Autocratic-government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.

Oligarchic-Government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.

Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.

Which one is Japan today????

Answer

Japan=Democratic

Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments (Left Side)

Parliamentary-system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature.

Presidential-a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature.

Which one does Japan have today????

Answer

Japan=Parliamentary Democracy

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Think-Pair-Share Name a country that is similar to the

government in Japan.

Draw an Economic Continuum line on the Left Side of your Notebook with Market on one side and Command on the other:

Market Command

For each of the following questions, name the type of Economy and place the name of the Country on your Economic Continuum

Name the Type of Economy

1. China for many years had a command economy. Since the death of Mao Zedong his successors have focused on market-oriented economic reforms.

2. India, where the government makes some economic decisions and individuals make other decisions. However in 2005 the government put a stop to the privatization of the remaining government-owned industries.

3. Japan, most decisions as to what will be produced and how it will be produced are left up to the individual with very little interference by the government.

4. North Korea, every decision as to what is produced, and how it will be produced is made by the government.

Name the Type of Economy…

Economic Continuum line

Market Command

Japan India China North Korea

1. China=Mixed/Command

2. India=Mixed

3. Japan=Market

4. North Korea=Command

Name the Type of Economy

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Think-Pair-Share An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company,

enterprise, or venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome.

What do you think is the level of Entrepreneurship in Japan?

Learning Log(Left Side)

Essay (1st-5th periods) Write a 5 paragraph essay

describing the government and economy of modern Korean and Japan and what life is like for their citizens.

Learning Log (6th period)

On your own paper; chose only one! Remember to include the history, government, economy, and current issues in your essay/letter.

1. Write a 5 paragraph essay describing the government and economy of modern Korean and Japan and what life is like for their citizens.

2. Write a 5 paragraph letter to the corporate leaders of a major American company (use your imagination) about the government and economy of Japan and Korea as to why or why not the company should do business in those countries.

3. Write a 5 paragraph essay for the following question: Why should the United States continue to support Japan and Korea?.

4. Write a 5 paragraph letter as a Korean or Japanese citizen to a pen-pale in the U.S. explaining your life.

Modern N./S. Korea and JapanSummarizing Activity 1

One the left side of your INB, match the following countries with their forms of government, citizen participation, and distribution of power:

North Korea South Korea Japan

Citizen Participation: Autocratic, Oligarchic, Democratic

Distribution of Power: Unitary, Confederate, Federal

Type of Government: Communist/Dictatorship, Presidential Democracy,

Constitutional Monarchy/Parliamentary Democracy

Summarizing Activity 2(Left hand side)

Draw the following:

How people live in this area: Housing

How people work in this area: Types of Industry? Cities? Towns?

How people travel in this area: Cars? Paved Roads? Water?

Bibliography Government of Japan. http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2136.html March 11, 2008 Nick’s South Korea Photos. http://south.korea.photos.googlepages.com/index.htm

Retrieved January 7, 2009. Path to World War Two: Japan widens its influence in Asia.

http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2006-11/2006-11-01-voa2.cfm Retrieved January 9, 2209.

Recent Scenes from North Korea. http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/09/recent_scenes_from_north_korea.html. Retrieved January 7, 2009.

Wolken, L. C. Japan: The Modernization of an Ancient Culture http://sage.tamu.edu/country/asia/japan_resources/japan_booklet_country/glossary.htm December 20, 2007

http://www.worldwar2database.com/slideviewer/end.html Retrieved January 9, 2209. Marsh, C. Gallopade. 2009. 7th Grade Social Studies.