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SheetLayouts

Sheet Sizes

American NationalStandard

A- 8.50" x 11.00'B-11.00'x 77.00"C-L7.00" x 22.00"D-22.00" x 34.00"E-34.00'x 44.00"

International StandardA4 - 270 mm x 297 mmA3 - 297 mm x 420 mmA2 - 420 mm x 594 mmAI - 594 mm x 841 mmA0 - 841 mm x 1189 mm

(25.4 mm : 1.00")

A convenient code to identify American National standard sheet sizesand forms suÉÉested by the authors for title, parts or mateial list, andrevision blocks, for use of instructors in makin$ assignments, is shownhere. All dimensions are in inches.

Three sizes,of sheets are illustrated: Size A, Fig. I, Size B, Fig. V,and Size C, Fig. VI. Metric size sheets are not shown.

Ðight forms of lettering arrangements are sug¡lested, known as Formsl, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, as shown below and opposite, The total len$tihof Forms L,2,3, and 4 may be adjusted to fit Sizes A,4, 43, and A2.-

s a sheet of certain size plus a certainarr s Layout A-1 is a combination of Size A,Fig yout C-678 is a combinarion of Size C,

6,7, and 8, Figs. IX, X, and XL Layout A4-2bination of Size A4 and Form 2, Fig. III, adjusted toders, Other combinations may be employed astructor.

Fig. Il Form 1 Title Btock

Fig. III Form 2. Title Block

Fig. IV Form 3. Title BlockFig. I Size A Sheet (8.50" x 11.00")

Use /elfenno formasslgnd by"inslrucfor

I

IL

Size B Sheet (11.00"l-iA. v x 17.00")

Appendix

1. Bibliography of American National Standards a22. Technical Tþrms a43. CAD/CAM Glossary a84. Abb¡eviations for Use on Drawings and in Text-

American National Standard 195. Running and Sliding Fits-American National

Standard a236. Clearance Locational Fits-American National

Standard a257. Tiansition Locational Fits-American National

Standard a278. Interference Locational Fits-American National

Standard a289. Force and Shrink Fits-American National

Standard a2910. InternationalToleranceGrades a3111. Preferred Metric Hole Basis Clearance Fits-

A¡nerican National Standard a3212. Preferred Metric Hole Basis Tiansition and

Interference Fits-American National Standarda34

13. Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Clearance Fits-American National Standard a36

14. Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Tiansition andInterference Fits-American National Standarda48

15. Screw Threads, American National, Unified, andMetric a40

16. Twist Drill Sizes-American National Standard andMetric a43

17. Acme Threads, General Purpose a4418. Bolts, Nuts, and Cap Screws-square and

Hexagon-American National Standard and Metrica45

19. Cap Screws, Stotted and Socket Head-AmericanNational Standard and Metric a58

Z). Machine Screws-American National Standard andMetric a50

21. Keys-Square, Flat, Plain Täper, and Gib Heada52

22. Screw Threads-square and Acme a5223. Woodruff Keys-American National Standard

a53Z. Woodruff Key Sizes for Different Shaft Diameters

a5325. Pratt and Whitney Round-End Keys a542.6. 'Washers, Plain-American National Standard a5527. Washers, Lock-American National Standard a5628. Wire Gage Standards a5729. Taper Pins-American National Standard a5830. Cotter Pins-American National Standard a5931. Metric Equivalents a6032. Welding Symbols and Processes-American

Welding Society Standard a6733. Topographic Symbols a6434. Piping Symbols-AmericanNational Standard

a6535. Heating, Ventilating, and Ductwork Symbols-

American National Standard a6636. American National Standard Graphic Symbols for

Electronic Diagram a6737. Form and Proportion of Geometric Tolerancing

Symbols a6838. Wrought Steel Pipe and Tâper pipe Threads-

American National Standard a6939. Cast-Iron Pipe Thicknesses and Weights-American

National Standard a7040. Cast-Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 125 lb-American

National Standard a7LCast-Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 250 lb-AmericanNational Standard a72Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, l25Ib-American National Standard a73Cast-fron Pipe Flangeq Drilling for Bolts andTheirLengths, 125 lb-American National Standard a74Shaft-Center Sizes a74Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 2501b-American National Standard a75Cast-Iron Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and TheirLengths,250 lb-American National Standard a76

41.

42.

43.

4.45.

6.

al

a2 Appendix

Bibliogrophy of Americon Nolionol Sfondords

American National Standards Institute, L1 West 42nd St',

New York, NY. 10036' For complete listing of standards,

see ANSI catalog of American National Standards'

Abbreviatíons

Abbreviations for Use on Drawings and in Text,

ANSI/ASME Y1.1-1989

Bolts, Screws, attd Nuts

Bolts, Metric Heavy Hex,ANSI 818.2'3.6M-1979 (R1995)

Bolts, Metric Heavy Hex Structural, ANSI 818'2'3'7M-1979

(R1ees)Bolts, Metric Hex, ANSI 818.2'3.5M-1979 (R1995)

Bolts,Metric Round Head Short Square Neck,ANSI/ASMEF18.2.2.7M-1981 (R1 995)

Bolts, Metric Round Head Square Neck, ANSI/ASME8r8.s .2.2M-r982 (R1 993)

Hex Jam Nuts, Metric,ANSI 818'2'4.5M'7979 (R1990)

Hex Nuts, Heavy, Metric,ANSI 818'2.4.6M-I979 (R1990)

Hex Nuts, Slotted, Metric, ANSI/ASME B1'8.2.4.3M-19'79

(R1ees)Hex Nuts, Style 1, Metric, ANSI/ASME 818.2'4'lM-I979

(R1ees)Hex Nuts, Style 2, Metric, ANSI/ASME 8I8.2.4.2M'L979

CaP Screws6 (R1ee3)rBtï.12-1'962

(R1ees)Miniature Screws,ANSI 818.11-1961 (R1992)

Nuts, Metric Hex Flange, ANSI 818'2.4'4M-1982 (R1993)

Plow Bolts, ANSI/ASME 818.9-1958 (R1995)

Round Head Bolts, Metric Round Head Short Square Neck,

ANSr/ASME 818.5.2.1M-1981 (R1995)

Screws, Hexagon Socket Button Head Cap, Metric Series,

ANSI/ASME 818.3.4M-1986 (R1993)

Screws, Hexagon Socket Head Shoulder, Metric Series,

ANSI/ASME 818.3.3M-1986 (R1993)

Screws, Hexagon Socket Set, Metric Series, ANSI/ASMEB18.3.6M-1986 (R1e93)

Screws, Metric Formed Hex,ANSI/ASME B18'2.3 '2M-\979(R1ees)

Screws, Metric Heavy Hex, ANSI/ASME 818.2'3'3M-1979

(R1ees)Screws, Metric Hex Cap, ANSI/ASME 818.2'3'IM-19'79

(R1ees)Screws, Metric Hex Flange, ANSI/ASME 818.2.3.4M-1984

(R1ees)Sciews, Metric Hex Lag, ANSI 818.2.3.8M-1981 (R1991)

Screws, Metric Machine, ANSI/ASME 818'6'7M-1985(R1ee3)

Screws, Socket Head Cap, Metric Series, ANSI/ASME818.3.1M-1986 (R1993)

Screws, Tapping and Metallic Drive, Inch Series, Thread

Forming and Cutting. ANSI 818.6.4-1981 (R1991)

Slotted and Recessed Head Machine Screws and Machine

Screw Nuts, ANSI B 18.6.3-1 91 2 (RL991)

Slotted Head Cap Screws, Square Head Set Screws, and

Slotted Headless Set Screws, ANSI/ASME B18.6.2-1995

Socket Cap, Shoulder, and Set Screws (Inch Series)

ANSI/ASME B18.3-1986 (R1995)

Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series, ANSI818.2.1-1e81 (R1e92)

Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series) ANSI/ASME 8t8.2.2-

1987 (R1e93)Tiack Bolts and Nuts,ANSI/ASME 818.10-1982 (R1992)

Wood Screws, Inch Series,ANSI 818.6'1-1981 (R1991)

Dimensioning and Surface Fínislt

General Tolerances for Metric Dimensioned Products, ANSI

B,4.3-t978 (Rle94)Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts, ANSI 84.1-

1967 (R1994)Preferred Metric Limits and Fits,ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1994)

Surface Tþxture, ANSI/ASME 846.1,-1995

Drafting Manual (Y14)

Casting and Forgings, ANSI/ASME Y14'BM-1989

Decimal Inch, Drawing Sheet Size and Format,

ANSI/ASME Y'J.4.I-1995

Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ANSI/ASME Y14'5M-1994

Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, ANSI YI4"l'5-1966(R1e88)

Electrical and Electronics Diagrams-Supplement, ANSIYI4.15a-1977 (R1988)

Efectrical and Electronics Diagrams-supplement, ANSI

E TYPes, and APPlications,-1989. Revision of Engineering

Drawings, ANSI/ASME Y1 4.3 5M-1992

Gear and Spline Drawing Standards-Part 2,Bevel and

Hy R1994)

Gear SPur, Helical, Double

He 4.7.t-1971' (R1993)

Line NSI/ASME YL4'2M-

7992Mechanical Spring Representation, ANSI/ASME Y14'13M-

1e81 (R1e92)Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format, ANSI/ASME

Y14.1M-1995Multiview and Sectional View Drawings, ANSI/ASME

Y74.3M-1994Parts Lists, Data Lists, and Index Lists, ANSI/ASME

Y14.3410|4-1990

Pictorial Drawing, ANSI/ASME Y14.4M-1989 (R1994)

Screw Thread Representation, ANSI/ASME Y14'6-L9'78

(R1ee3)Sciew Thread Representation, Metric, ANSI/ASME

Y14.6aM-1981 (R1993)

Surface Texture Symbols, ANSI/ASME YL4.36M-I996

.ne

nd5

3s)

tSI

)_

Geørs

Basic Gear Geometry, ANSI/AGMA 115.01-1989Gear Nomenclature-Terms, Definitions, Symbols, and

Abb¡eviations, ANSI/AGM A I01Z-F90Nomenclature of Gear-Tooth Failure Modes, ANSI/AGMA

110.04-1e80 (R198e)Design Manual for Bevel Gearing,ANSI/AGMA 2005-BggTooth Proportions for Fine-Pitch Spur and Helical Gears,

ANSI/AGMA 1OO3-G93

Graphic Symbols

Public Fire Safety Symbols, ANSI/Ì IFpA t7 0-1994Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams,

ANSI/rEEE 31.5-197 5 (R1994)Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout

Diagrams Used in Architecture and BuildingConstruction, ANSI Y32.9-1972 (Rl989)

Graphic Symbols for Fluid Power Diagrams, ANSI/ASMEY32.t0-re67 (R1994)

Graphic Symbols for Grid and Mapping Used in CableTelevision Systems, ANSI/IEEE 623-197 6 (R1989)

Graphic Symbols for Heat-Power Apparatus, ANSIY32.2.6M-t9s0 (R1993)

Graphic Symbols for Heating, Ventilating, and AirConditioning, ANSI Y32.2. 4-1949 (R1993)

Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions,ANSI/IEEE 91-I9g4Graphic Symbols for Pipe Fittings, Valves, and piping,

ANSr/ASME Y32.2.3 -r9 49 (R1994)Graphic Symbols for Plumbing Fixtures for Diagrams Used

in Architecture and Building Construction, ANSI/ASMEY32.4-1977 (R1e94)

Graphic Symbols for Process Flow Diagrams in thePetroleum and Chemical Industries, ANSI y32.11-1961(R1ee3)

Graphic Symbols for Railroad Maps and profiles,ANSr/ASME Y 32.7 -r97 2 (R1 994)

Instrumentation Symbols and Identification, ANSI/ISAss.1-1984 (Rl9e2)

Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics partsand Equipment, ANSI/IEEE 200-1975 (R1989)

Symbols for Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used inSchematic Diagrams, ANSI Y32.18-1972 (R1993)

Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and NondestructiveExamination, ANSI/AWS 42.4-93

Keys and Pins

Clevis Pins and Cotter Pins,ANSI/ASME 818.8.1-1994Hexagon Keys and Bits (Metric Series), ANSI 818.3.2M-

1e79 (Rree4)Keys and Keyseats, ANSI 817.1-1967 (R1989)Pins-Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight pins, Grooved pins,

and Spring Pins (Inch Series),ANSI/ASME BIB.B.Z-lgg4woodruff Keys and Keyseats, ANSI BI7 .2-7967 (R1990)

Píping

Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250,ANSr/ASME 816.1s-198s (R1994)

Appendix a3

Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings,ANSIiASME 8T6.24-T991

Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, CIass25,I25,250, and 800,ANSI/ASME B16.1-1989

Gray Iron Threaded Fittings, ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, ANSI/A\ryWA

c15UA27.51-9tFactory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings,

ANSI/ASME 816.9-1993Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with pipe

Threads, ANSI/ASME B16.14-1991Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Threaded Flanges,

ANSI/AWWA CIL' I A2T.T5 -9 4Malleable-I¡on Threaded Fittings, ANSI/ASME 816.3-1992Pipe Flanges and Flanged Firtings,ANSI/ASME 816.5-19g8Stainless Steel Pipe, ANSI/ASME 836. 19M-1985 (R1994)Welded and Seamless Vy'rought Steel pipe, ANSI/ASME

836.10M-1995

Rivets

meter and Larger),

ameter and Smaller),

Small Solid Rivers, Metric, ANSI/ASME 81g.1.3M_19g3(R1ees)

Small Tools and MachÍne Tool Elements

Jig Bushings,ANSI 894.33 -1974 (R1994)Machine Thpers, ANSI/ASME 85.10-1994Milling Cutters and End Milts,ANSI/ASME 894.19-1985Reamers, ANSI/ASME B9 4.2-199 5T-Slots-Their Bolts, Nuts and Tongues, ANSI/ASME

Bs:1M-1985 (R1992)Twist Drills, ANSI/ASME B9 4.1tM-7993

Threads

Acme Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME B 1.5-1988 (R1994)Buttress Inch Screw Threads, ANSI BI.9-1973 (R1992)Class 5 Interference-Fit Thread, ANSI/ASME BI.IZ-lgg7

(R1ee2)Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch), ANSI BLZ0.3 -197 6 (R1 991)Hose Coupling Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME 81,.20.7 -1991Metric Screw Th¡eads-M P¡ofile, ANSUASME 81.13M-1995Metric Screw Th¡eads-MJ Profile, ANSUASME B7.2ltr'4-1n gNomenclature, Definitions and Letter Symbols for Screw

Threads, ANSI/ASME 81.7M-i984 (Ri992)Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), ANSI/ASME

8L.20.1-t983 (R1e92)Stub Acme Threads, ANSI/ASME B 1.8-1988 (R1994)Unified Sc¡ew Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form),

ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989Unified Miniature Screw Threads,ANSI 81.10-1958 (R19SS)

Washers

Lock Washers, Inch, ANSI/ASME 818.21. 1-1994Lock Washers, Metric, ANSI/ASME BI8.2LZM-1994

ISI

at,

)4t66

ISI

ISI

ûS,

ng

nd

ble

M-

IE

IE

t78

IE

a¿l Appendix

Plain Washers, ANSI 878.22.1-1965 (R1981)Plain Washers, Metric, ANSI 818.22M-1981

Miscellaneous

Knurling, ANSI/ASME 894.6-L984 (R1995)Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat Metal Products,ANSI/ASME

832.3M-1984 (R1994)Preferred Metric Equivalents of Inch Sizes for Tubular

Metal Products Other Than Pipe, ANSI/ASME 832.6M-1984 (Rlee4)

2 Technicol Terms

acme (n) Screw thread form.øddendum (n) Radial distance from pitch circle to top of

gear tooth.allen screw (n) Special set screw or cap screw with hexagon

socket in head.

øllowance (n) Minimum clearance between mating parts.

allo1, (n) Two or more metals in combination, usually a finemetal with a baser metal.

alumínum (n) A lightweight but relatively strong metal. Of-ten alloyed with copper to increase hardness and strength.

angle iron (n) A structural shape whose section is a right angle.

anneal (v) To heat and cool gradually, to reduce brittlenessand increase ductility.

arc-weld (v) To weld by electric arc. The work is usually thepositive terminal.

babbítt (n ) A soft alloy for bearings, mostly of tin with smallamounts of copper and antimony.

bearing (n) A supporting member for a rotating shaft.

bevel (n) An inclined edgq not at right angle to joining surface.

bolt circle (n) A circular center line on a drawing, contain-ing the centers of holes about a common center.

bore (v) To enlarge a hole with a boring mill.boss (n) A cylindrical projection on a casting or a forging.

BOSS

brass (n) An alloy of copper and zinc.

braze (v) To join with hard solder of brass or zinc.

Brinell (n) A method of testing hardness of metal.

broach (z) A long cutting tool with a series of teeth thatgradually increase in size which is forced through a hole orover a surface to produce a desired shape.

Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle andHexagon Metal Products, ANSI B32.4M-1980 (R1994)

P¡eferred Metric Sizes for Tubular Metal Products OtherThan Pipe, ANSI 832.5 -1,97 7 (R1994)

Preferred Thickness for Uncoated Thin Flat Metals (Under0.250 in.). ANSI 832.7-1952 (R1994)

Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,'Waviness, and Lay),ANSI/ASME 846.1.-1995

Technical Drawings, ISO Handbook, 12-199I

-Chinese Proverb

bronze (n) An alloy of eight or nine parts of copper and onepart of tin.

buff (v) To finish or polish on a buffing wheel composed offabric with abrasive powders.

burnish (v) To finish or polish by pressure upon a smoothrolling or sliding tool.

burr (n) A jagged edge on metal resulting from punching orcutting.

bushing (n) A replaceable lining or sleeve for a bearing.

cølìpers (n) Instrument (of several types) for measuringdiameters.

cøm (n) A rotating member for changing circular motion toreciprocating motion.

csrburize (v) To heat a low-carbon steel to approximately2000"F in contact with material which adds carbon to thesurface of the steel, and to cool slowly in preparation forheat treatment.

caseharden (v) To harden the outer surface of a carburizedsteel by heating and then quenching.

castellate (v) To form like a castle, as a castellated shaft or nut.

costing (n) A metal object produced by pouring moltenmetal into a mold.

cast íron (n) Iron melted and poured into molds.

center drill (n) A special drill to produce bearing holes inthe ends of a workpiece to be mounted between centers.

Also called a combined drill and countersink.

COMBINED DRILL& C SINK

chamfer (n) A narrow inclined surfacetion of two surfaces.

along the intersec-

"The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names."

nmeans 4 noun; v means qvetb

CHAMFER

1d

t),

rb

of

chase (v) To cut threads with an external cutting tool.cheek (n) The middle portion of a three-piece flask used in

molding.

chill (v) To harden the outer surface of cast iron by quickcooling, as in a metal mold.

chíp (v) To cut away metal with a cold chisel.

chuck (n) A mechanism for holding a rotating tool orworkpiece.

coin (v) To form a part in one stamping operation.cold-rolled steel (CRS) (z) Open hearth or Bessemer steel

containing 0.124.20% carbon that has been rolled whilecold to produce a smooth, quite accurate stock.

collar (n) A round flange or ring fitted on a shaft to preventsliding.

Appendix a5

die casting (n) Process of forcing molten metal under pres-sure into metal dies or molds, producrng a very accurateand smooth casting.

die stampíng (n) Process of cutting or forming a piece ofsheet metal with a die.

dog (n) A small auxiliary clamp for preventing work fromrotating in relation to the face plate of a lathe.

dowel (n) A cylindrical pin, commonly used to prevent slid-ing between two contacting flat surfaces.

[*;;'DOWEL

draft (n) The tapered shape of the parts of a pattern to per-mit it to be easily withdrawn from the sand or, on a forg-ing, to permit it to be easily withdrawn from the dies.

DRAFTrth

ng

colorharden (v) Same as caseharden except that it is doneto a shallower depth, usually for appearance only.

cope (n) The upper portion of a flask used in molding.core (v) To form a hollow portion in a casting by using a

dry-sand core or a green-sand core in a mold.corepfint (n) A projection on a pattern which forms an

opening in the sand to hold the end of a core.cotter pin (n) A split pin used as a fastener, usually to pre-

vent a nut from unscrewing.counterbore (v) To enlarge an end of a hole cylindrically

with a counterbore.

COUNTERBORE

countersink (u) To enlarge an end of a hole conically, usual-ly with a countersink.

COUNTERSINK

crown (n) A raised contour, as on the surface of a pulley.cyanìde (v) To surface-harden steel by heating in contact

with a cyanide salt, followed by quenching.dedendum (n ) Distance from pitch circle to bottom of tooth

space.

development (r) Drawing of the surface of an object unfold-ed or rolled out on a plane.

diametral pìtch (n) Number of gear teeth per inch of pitchdiameter.

dÍe (n) (1) Hardened metal piece shaped to cut oi form arequired shape in a sheet of metal by pressing it against amating die. (2) Also used for cutting small male threads. Ina sense is opposite to a tap.

drag (n) Lower portion of a flask used in molding.drøw (v) To stretch or otherwise to deform metal. Also to

temper steel.

drill (v) To cut a cylindrical hole with a drill. A blind holedoes not go through the piece.

drill press (n) A machine for drilling and other hole-form-ing operations.

drop forge (r) To form a piece while hot between dies in a

drop hammer or with great pressure.

face (v) To finish a surface at right angles, or nearly so, tothe center line of rotation on a lathe.

FAO (v)Finish all over.

feather key (n) A flat key, which is partly sunk in a shaft andpartly in a hub, permitting the hub to slide lengthwise ofthe shaft.

fíle (v) To finish or smooth with a file.

fillet (n) An interior rounded intersection between twosurfaces.

fin (n) A thin extrusion of metal at the intersection of diesor sand molds.

fit (n) Degree of tightness or looseness between two matingparts, as a loose fit, a snug fit, or a tight fit.

fíxture (n) A special device for holding the work in a ma-chine tool, but not for guiding the cutting tool.

flønge (n ) A relatively thin rim around a piece.

)lyhe:or

ed

ut.

en

lns.

aG Appendix

flash (n) Same as/in.

flask (n) A box made of two or more parts for holding the

sand in sand molding.

gasket (n) A thin piece of rubber, metal, or some other ma-"

terial, placed between surfaces to make a tight joint'

gate (n) The opening in a sand mold at the bottom of the' tpà" through wtrictr ttre molten metal passes to enter the

cavity or mold.

gracluøte(v) To set off accurate divisions on a scale or dial'

grind (v) To remove metal by means of an abrasive wheel' often"

madeof carborundum. Use chiefly where accuracy is required'

harden (v) To heat steel above a critical temperature and

then quench in water or oil.

heøt-treat (v) To change the properties of metals by heating

and then cooling.

interchangeøble (adi.) Refers to a part made to limit di-

mensioãs so that it will fit any mating part similarly

manufactured.jig @) A device for guíding a tool it crttling a piece' Usually

it holds the work in Position.journal (n) Portion of a rotating shaft supported by a bearing'

ked @) Groove or cut made bY a saw'

løthe (n) A machine used to shape metal or other materials

by rotating against a tool'

lug (n) An irregular projection of metal, but not round as in

iità .ur" of a åoss, usuatly with a hole in it for a bolt or screw.

malleøble casting (n) A casting that has been made less

brittle and tougher bY annealing'

milt (v) To remove material by means of a rotating cutter

on a milling machine'

mold (n) The mass of sand or other material that forms the

caviìyinto which molten metal is poured'

MS (n) Machinery steel, sometimes called mild steel with a

sÀaíl p"rc"ntage of carbon' Cannot be hardened'

neck (v) To cut a groove around a cylindrical piece'

nornrulize (u) To heat steel above its critical temperature

and then to cool it in air.

pack-hørden (v) To carburiTe,then to caseharden'

pacl (n) A slight projection, usually to provide a bearing sur-

face around one or more holes'

key (n) A small piece of metal sunk partly into both shaft

and hub to Prevent rotation.

keyseat (n) A slot or recess in a shaft to hold a key'

keyway (n) A slot in a hub or portion surrounding a shaft to

receive a keY.

knurl (v) To impress a pattern of dents in a turned surface

with aknurling tool to produce a better hand grip'

lap (v) To produce a very accurate finish by sliding contact

ïiìú u hi,or piece of wood, leather, or soft metal impreg-

nated with abrasive Powder.

PAD

patten, (n) A model, usually of wood, used in forming a

mold fài a casting. In sheet metal work a pattern is called

a develoPment.

peen (v) To hammer into shape lvith a ballpeen hammer'-píckte

(v) To clean forgings or castings in dilute sulphuric

acid.

pinion (n) The smaller of two mating gears'

pítch círcle (n) An imaginary circle corresponding to the'

circumfereìce of the friction gear from which the spur

gear was derived.

ptane (v) To remove material by means of lhe planer'

p ammer-

P such as

p or Polished surface

p bY moving a smallster temPlate as a

guide.

punch (v) To cut an opening of a desired shape with a rigid

tool having the same shape, by pressing the tool through

the work.

quench (v) To immerse a heated piece of metal in water or

oil to harden it.

rack (n) A flat bar with gear teeth in a straight line to en-

gage with teeth in a gear.

KEYSEAT

ials

srn'ew

less

the

ha

tter

ream (v) To enlarge a finished hole slightly to give it greateraccuracy, with a reamer.

relíef (n) An offset of surfaces to provide clearance for ma-chining.

R

rib (n) A relatively thin flat member acting as a brace orsupport.

Appendix aZ

sprue (n) A hole in the sand leading to the gate which leadsto the mold, through which the metal enters.

sîeel castÍng (n) Like cast-iron casting except that in the fur_nace sctap steel has been added to the casting.

swøge (v) To hammer metal into shape while it is held over aswage,oÍ die, which fits in a hole in the swage block,or anvil.

sweat (v) To fasten metal together by the use of solder be_tween the pieces and by the application of heat and pressure.

tap (v) To cut relatively small inte¡nal threads with a tap.tape (n) Conical form given to a shaft or a hole. Also refers

to the slope of a plane surface.

taper pìn (n) A small tapered pin for fastening, usually toprevent a collar or hub from rotating on a shaft.

lhm,,¡tnru,",r,,,')-TAPER

PIN

taper reatnØ (n) Atapered ¡eamer for producing accuratetapered holes, as for a taper pin.

temper (v) To reheat hardened steel to bring it to a desireddegree of hardness.

templøte or templet (n) A guide or pattern used to markout the work, guide the tool in cutting it, or check the fin-ished product.

tìn (n) A silvery metal used in alloys and for coating othermetals, such as tin plate.

tolerance (n) Total amount of variation permitted in limitdimension of a part.

trepan(v) To cut a circular groove in the flat surface at oneend of a hole.

tumble(v) To clean rough castings or forgings in a revolvingd¡um filled with scrap metal.

turn (v) To produce, on a lathe, a cylindrical surface parallelto the center line.

twíst drill (n) A drill for use in a drill press.

undercut (n) A recessed cut or a cut with inwardly sloping sides.

galed

rivet (v) To connect with rivets or to clench over the end ofa pin by hammering.

round (n) An exterior rounded intersection of two surfaces.SAE (n) Society of Automobile Engineers.sandbløst (v) To blow sand at high velocity with compressed

air against castings or forgings to clean them.scleroscope (n) An instrument for measuring hardness of metalsscrape (v) To remove metal by scraping with a hand scraper,

usuálly to fit a bearing.shape (v) To remove metal from a piece wrth a shaper.shear (v) To cut metal by means of shearing with two blades

in sliding contact.

sherardize (v) To galvanize apiece with a coating ofzinc byheating it in a drum with zinc powder, to a temperature of575-850.F.

shim (n) A thin piece of metal or other material used as aspacer in adjusting two parts.

solder(v) To join with solder, usually composed of lead and tin.spin (v) To form a rotating piece of sheet metal into a de-

sired shape by pressing it with a smooth tool against a ro-tating form.

splìne (n) A keyway, usually one of a series cut around ashaft or hole.

SPLINED HOLE

spotface (r) To produce a ¡ound spot or bearing surfacearound a hole, usually with a spotfacer.The spotface maybe on top of a boss or it may be sunk into the surface.

tnc

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allia

upset (v) To form a head or enlarged end on a bar or rod bypressure or by hammering between dies.

web (n) A thin flat part joining larger parts. Also known as a ri.b.

weld (v) Uniting metal pieces by pressure or fusion weldingProcesses.

Woodruff key (z) A semicircular flar key.

wrought íron (n) Iron of low carbon content useful becauseof its toughness, ductility, and malleability.

gidrgh

ag Appendix

3 CAD/CAM GlossorY

øccess tíme (or disk access time) One measure of system re-

sponse. The time interval between the instant that data is

.ãll"d fo. from storage and the instant that delivery is

completed-i.e., read time. See also response time.

alphanumerìc (or alphameric) A term that encompasses

lefters, digits, and special characters that are machine-

processable.

alphanumeric dìsplay (or alphameric display) A work-sta-

tion device consisting of a CRT on which text can be

viewed. An alphanumeric display is capable of showing a

fixed set of letters, digits, and special characters. It allows

the designer to observe entered commands and to receive

messages from the system.

alphanumeric keyboard (or alphameric keyboard) A work-

itution device consisting of a typewriter-like keyboard

that allows the designer to communicate with the system

using an English-like command language.

Amerìcan Standard Code for Informøtíon Interchange(ASCII) An industry-standard character code widely used

for information interchange among data processing sys-

tems, communications systems, and associated equipment'

analog Applied to an electrical or computer system, this de-

, notes the capability to lepresent data in continuously

varying physical quantities.

annotøt¡on Process of inserting text or a special note or

identification (such as a flag) on a drawing, map, or dia-

gram constructed on a CAD/CAM system. The text can be

generated and positioned on the drawing using the system'

applícation progrutm (or package) A computer program or

collection of programs to perform a task or tasks specific

to a particular user's need or class of needs.

ørchìval storage Refers to memory (on magnetic tape, disks,

printouts, or drums) used to store data on completed de-

signs or elements outside of main memory.

ørrøy (v) To create automatically on a CAD system an

arrangement of identical elements or components. The de-

signer defines the element once, then indicates the starting

Iocation and spacing for automatic generation of the ar-

:ray. (n) An arrangement created in the above manner' Aseries of elements or sets of elements arranged in a pat-

tern (i.e., matrix)

ASCII See American National Standard Code for Informa'tion Interchange.

assembler A computer program that converts (i.e., translates)

programmer-written symbolic instructions, usually in

mnemonic form, into machine-executable (computer or bina-

ry-coded) instructions.This conversion is typically one-to-one

(one symbolic instruction converts to one machine-exe-

cutable instruction). A software programming aid'

assocíatíve dímensìonìng A CAD capability that links di-mension entities to geometric entities being dimensioned.

This allows the value of a dimension to be automatically

updated as the geometry changes.

úttr¡bule A nongraphic characteristic of a part, compo-

nent, or entity under design on a CAD system. Exam-ples include: dimension entities associated withgeometry, text with text nodes, and nodal lines with con-

nect nodes. Changing one entity in an association can

produce automatic changes by the system in the associ-

ated entity; e.g., moving one entity can cause moving orstretching of the other entitY.

automatìc dimensioning A CAD capability that computes

the dimensions in a displayed design, or in a designated

section, and automatically places dimensions, dimensional

lines, and arrowheads where required. In the case of map-

ping, this capability labels the linear feature with length

and azimuth.

auxilìøry stotøge Storage that supplements main memory

devices such as disk or drum storage. Contrast with

archival storage.

benchmark The program(s) used to test, compare, and

evaluate in real time the performance of various

CAD/CAM systems prior to selection and purchase. Asynthetic benchmark has preestablished parameters de-

signed to exercise a set of system features and re-

sources. A live benchma¡k is drawn from the

prospective user's workload as a model of the entire

,, workload.bit 'I\e smallest unit of information that can be stored and

processed by a digitat computer. A bit may assume only

ãne of two values: 0 or 1 (i.e., ON/Of'f or YES/lt{O)' Bits

are organized into larger units called words for access by

computer instructions.

Computers are often categor\zed by word size in bits,

i.e., the maximum word size that can be processed as a

unit during a l6-bit comPuters or

32-bit compu in a word is an indi-

cation of the e system' esPeciallY

for calculations or for high-precision data.

bìt rate The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually ex-

pressed in bits per second.

bits per ínch (bpi) The number of bits that can be stored

per inch of a magnetic tape. A measure of the data storage

capacity of a magnetic taPe.

btinkìng A CAD design aid that makes a predefined graphic en-

tity blink on the CRT to attract the attention of the designer'

boot up Start uP a system.

*Extracted from The CAD/CAM Glossary, 1983 ed.ition, pubtished by the Computervßion Corporation, Bedfotd, MA 01730; reproduced with

permßsion of the publßher.

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B-splìne A sequence of parametric polynomial curves (typ_ically quadratic or cubic polynomials) forming u ,-ooitfit between a sequence of points in 3-D space. The piece_wise defined curve maintains a level of mathematical con_tinuity dependent upon the polynomial degree chosen. Itis used extensively in mechanical design applications inthe automotive and aerospace industries.

bug A flaw in the design or implementation of a softwareprogram or hardware design that causes erroneous resultso¡ malfunctions.

bulk memory A memory device for storing a large amountof data, e.g., disk, drum, or magnetic tape. It is not ran_domly accessible as main memory is.

by t1 A sequence of adjacent bits, usually eight, representing acharacter that is operated on as a unit. Usually shorter thãna word. A measure of the memory capacity of a system, orof an individual storage unit (as a 3O0-million_byte disk).

CAD See computer-aided deugn.CAD/CAM See computer-aided design/computer_aided

manuføcturing.

CAE See computer-aided engineering.

CAM See computer-aided manufacturing.cathode ray tube (CRT) 'Ihe principal component in a

CAD display device. A CRT displays graphic representa_tions of geometric entities and designs anà

"an be of vari_

ous types: storage tube, raster scan, or refresh. These tubescreate images by means of a controllable beam of elec_trons striking a screen. The term CrRZ is often used to de_note the entire display device.

ccntral processíng unìt (CpU) The computer brain of aCAD/CAM system that controls the retrieval, decoding,and processing of information, as well as the interpretã_tion and execution of operating instructions-the buildingblocks of application and other computer programs. ACPU comprises arithmetic, control, and logicãlements.

character An alphabetical, numerical, or special graphicsymbol used as part of the organization, control, oi,"þ."_sentation of CAD/CAM data.

characters per second (cps) A measure of the speed withwhich an alphanumeric terminal can process data.

chíp See integrated circuit.code A set of specific symbols and rules for representing da_

ta (usually instructions) so that the data õan be under_stood and executed by a computer. A code can be inbinary (machine) language, assembly language, or a high_level language. Frequently refers to an induitry_standãrdcode such as ANSI, ASCII, IpC, or Standard Code for In_formation Exchange.

color dísplay A CAD/CAM display device. Color raster_scan displays offer a variety of user-selectable, contrastingcolors to make it easier to discriminate among variouigroups of design elements on different layers of a large,complex design. Color speeds up the recognition of spe_cific areas and subassemblies, helps the designer interpretcomplex surfaces, and highlights interference probléms.

Appendix ag

Color d penetration type, in whichvarious off different coiors (refreshdisplay) ed, blue, and green electronguns (ra

command A control signal or instruction to a CpU or graph_ics processor, commonly initiated by means of a menu/tabletand electronic pen or by an alphanumeric keyboard.

command language A language for communicating with aCAD/CAM system in order to perform specific functionsor tasks,

communicatìon línk The physical means, such as a tele_phone line, for comecting one system module or peripher-al to another in a different location in order to transmitand receive data. See also datalink.

compatíbílìty The ability of a particular hardware moduleor software program, code, or language to be used in a

odification. or speciales the ability of a sys_

or software modulesthe system vendor provides withonable means of transferring data,skills from the user's present sys_

ments).compìler A computer program that converts or translates a

high-level, user-written language (e.g., pASCAL, COBOL,VARPRO, or FORTRAN) or source, into a language that

component A physical entity, or a symbol used in CAD to

computer-aìded desìgn (CAD) A process that uses a com_puter system to assist in the creation, modification, and

" disPlaY of a design'

aided manuJacturingation of computers intole of a product or plant.

c

from the CAD/CAM design data base is used to analyzethe functional characteristics of a part, product, or systemunder design and to simulate its performance under vari_ous conditions. In electronic design, CAE enables users ofthe Computervision Designer system to detect and correctpotentially costly design flaws. CAE permits the executionof complex circuit loading analyses and simulation duringthe circuit definition stage. CAE can be used to determinã

ex-

redage

en-

)f.

alO Appendix

section properties, moments of inertia, shear and bending

moments, weight, volume, surface area,atd center of grav-

ity. CAE can precisely determine loads, vibration, noise,

and service life early in the design cycle so that compo-

nents can be optimized to meet those criteria. Perhaps the

most powerful CAE technique is finite element modeling.

See also kinematics.

computer-aided manufacturìnç GAM) The use of comput-

er and digital technology to generate manufacturing-ori-ented data. Data drawn from a CAD/CAM data base can

assist in or control a portion o¡ all of a manufacturingprocess, including numerically controlled machines, com-

puter-assisted parts programming, computer-assistedprocess planning, robotics, and programmable logic con-

trollers, CAM can involve production programming, man-

ufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, facilitiesengineering, and reliability engineering (quality control).CAM techniques can be used to produce process plans forfabricating a complete assembly, to program robots, and to

coordinate plant operation.

computer graphìcs A general term encompassing any disci-

pline or activity that.uses compute¡s to generate, process'

and display graphic images. The essential technology ofCAD/CAM systems. See also computer-aided design.

computer network An interconnected complex (arrange-

ment or configuration) of two or more systems. See also

network.

computer program A specific set of software commands in aform acceptable to a computer and used to achieve a de-

sired result. Often called a software progratn or package'

configuration A particular combination of a computer, soft-

ware and hardware modules, and peripherals at a single

installation and interconnected in such a way as to support

certain application(s).

connectot A termination point for a signal entering or leav-

ing a PC board or a cabling system.

convention Standardized methodology or accepted proce-

dure for executing a computer program' In CAD, the termdenotes a standard rule or mode of execution undertakento provide consistency. For example, a drafting conventionmight require all dimensions to be in metric units.

core (core memory) A largely obsolete term for main storage.

CPU See central processing unit.

CÃT See cathode ray tube.

cursor A visual tracking symbol, usually an underline orcross hairs, for indicating a location or entity selection onthe CRT display.A text cursor indicates the alphanumer-ic input; a graphics cursor indicates the next geometricinput. A cursor is guided by an electronic or light pen,joystick, keyboard, etc., and follows every movement ofthe input device.

cycle A preset sequence of events (hardware or software)

initiated by a single command.

data base A comprehensive collection of interrelated infor-mation stored on some kind of mass data storage device,

usually a disk. Generally consists of information organized

into a number of fixed-format record types with logical

links between associated records. Typically includes oper-

ating systems instructions, standard parts libraries, com-

pleted designs and documentation, source code, graphic

and application programs, as well as current user tasks inpfogress.

data communícøtìon The transmission of data (usually dig-

ital) from one point (such as a CAD/CAM workstation orCPU) to another point via communication channels such

as telephone lines.

data línk The communication line(s), related controls, and

interface(s) for the transmission of data between two or

more computer systems. Can include modems, telephone

lines, or dedicated transmission media such as cable or op-

tical fiber.

data tablet A CAD/CAM input device that allows the de-

signer to communicate with the system by placing an elec-

tronic pen or stylus on the tablet surface. There is a direct

correspondence between positions on the tablet and ad-

dressable points on the display surface of the CRT. Tirpi-

cally used fo¡ indicating positions on the CRT, fordigitizing input of drawings, or for menu selection. See al-

so graphic tablet.

debug To detect, locate, and correct any bugs in a system's

software or hardware.

dedicated Designed or intended for a single function or use.

For example, a dedicated workstation might be used ex-

clusively for engineering calculations or plotting'

default The predetermined value of a parameter required in

a CAD/CAM task or operation' It is automatically sup-

plied by the system whenever that value (e.g., text, height,

or grid size) is not specified.

densíty (1) A measure of the complexity of an electronic

design. For example, IC density can be measured by the

number of gates or transistors per unit'area or by the

number of square inches per component. (2) Magnetic

tape storage capacity. High capacity might be 1600

bits/inch; low, 800 bits/inch.

devíce Asystem hardware module external to the CPU and

designed to perform a specific function-i.e., a CRI, plot-

ter, printer, hard-copy unit, etc, See also peripheral.

diagnostics Computer programs designed to test the status

of a system or its key components and to detect and iso-

late malfunctions.

dial up To initiate station-to-station communication with a

computer via a dial telephone, usually from a workstation

to a computer.

digítøl Applied to an electrical or computer system, this de-

notes the capability to represent data in the form of digits'

dígitíze (1) General description: to convert a drawing into

digital form (i.e., coordinate locations) so that it can be

entered into the data base for later processing. A digi-

tizer, available with many CAD systems, implements the

conversion process. This is one of the primary ways of

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entering existing drawings, crude graphics, lines, andshapes into the system. (2) Computervision usage: tospecify a coordinate location or entity using an electron_ic pen or other device; or a single coordinate value orentity pointer generated by a digitizing operation.

digitízer A CAD input device consisting of a data tablet onwhich is mounted the drawing or design to be digitized in_to the system. The designer moves a puck or electronicpen to selected points on the drawing and enters coordi_nate data for Iines and shapes by simply pressing down thedigitize button with the puck or pen.

di A CAD capabiliry rhat will auto_insert the dimensions of a designted section of it.

direct access (linkøge) Retrieval or storage of data in thesystem by reference to its location on a tape, disk, or car_tridge, without the need for processing on a CpU.

d¡ be (DVST) A graphics display device;long-lasting, flicker-tree image with

no refreshing. It handles an almost un_limited amount of data. FIowever, display dynamics arelimited since DVSTs do not permit selective erase.The im_age is not as bright as with refresh or raster. Also calledstorage tube.

directory A named space on the disk or other mass storagedevice in which are stored the names of files and somesummary information about them.

díscrete components Components with a single functional ca-pability per package-for example, transistors and diodes.

dìsk (storage) A device on which large amounts of informa-tion can be stored in the data base. Synonymous withmagnetic disk storage or magnetic disk memory.

d vice for rapidly pre_signer can react to it,time. Usually refers

needed to generate a drawing. Because of its high speed, itis typically used in electronic design applications. Accura_cy and resolution are not as great as with pen plotters. Al_so known as electrostatic plotter.

drum plotter An electromechanical pen plotter that drawsan image on paper or film mounted on a rotatable drum.In this CAD peripheral device a combination of plotting_head movement and drum rotation provides the motion.

dynamìc (motion) Simulation of movement using CADsoftware, so that the designer can see on the CRI screen3-D representations of the parts in a piece of machinery asthey interact dynamically. Thus, any collision or interfer_ence problems are ¡evealed at a glance.

dynamics The capability of a CAD system to zoom, scroll,and rotate.

edít To modify, refine, or update an emerging design or texton a CAD system. This can be done online interactively.

Appendix ali

electrostatíc plotter See dot-matrix plotter.element The basic design entity in co¡nputer_aided design

whose logical, positional, electrical, or mechanical functiãnis identifiable,

enhsncements Software or hardware improvements, addi_tions, or updates to a CAD/CAM system.

en mitive_the fundamental buildingting a design or drawing, such as anint, spline, figure, or nodal line. Or a

group of primitives processed as an identifiable unit. Thus, asquare may be defined as a discrete entity consisting of fourprimitives (vectors), although each side of the square couldbe defined as an entity in its own right. See also primitive.

fe espond to an opera-ly or with a messageThis message regis_sible errors, and si_

multaneously displays the updated design on the CRT. (2)The signal or data fed back to a commanding unit from acontrolled machine or process to denote its response to acommand. (3) The signal representing the difference be_tween actual response and desired response and used bythe commanding unit to improve performance of the con_trolled machine or process. See also prompt.

figure A symbol or a part that may contain primitive enti_ties, other figures, nongraphic properties, and associations.A figure can be incorporated into other parts or figures.

fíle A collection of related information in the system thatmay be accessed by a unique name. May be stored on adisk, tape, or other mass storage media.

file protection A technique for preventing access to or acci_dental erasure of data within a file on the system.

firmwnre Computer programs, instructions, or functions im_plemented in user-modifiable hardware, i.e., a micro_processor with read-only memory, Such programs orinstructions, stored permanently' in programmable read_

damental part of systemt a frequently used pro-by a single command in-

stead of multiple commands as in a software program.

flatbed plotter A CAD/CAM peripheral device that drawsan image on paper, glass, or film mounted on a flat table.The plotting head provides all the motion.

uto-intoma_

flicker An undesired visual effect on a CRT when the ¡e_fresh rate is low

font, líne Repetitive pattern used in CAD to give a dis_played line appearance characteristics that make it more

al2 Appendix

easily distinguishable, such as a solid, dashed, or dotted Line.

A line font can be applied to graphic images in order to pro-vide meaning, either graphic (e.g., hidden lines) or function-al (roads, tracks, wires, pipes, etc.). It can help a designer toidentify and define specific graphic representations of enti-ties that are view-dependent. For example, a line may be sol-

id when drawn in the top view of an object but, when a linefont is used, becomes dotted in the side view whe¡e it is notnormally visible.

fonf, text Sets of type faces of various styles and sizes. InCAD, fonts are used Io üeate text for drawings, special

characters such as Greek letters and mathematical symbols.

FORTRAN FORmula ZiRÁNslation, a highJevel program-ming language used primarily for scientific or engineeringapplications.

fracturing The division of IC graphics by CAD into simpletrapezoidal or rectangular areas for pattern-generationpurposes.

function key A specific square on a data tablet, or a key ona function key box, used by the designer to enter a partic-ular command or other input. See also data tablet.

function keyboørd An input device located at a CAD/CAMworkstation and containing a number of function keys.

gøp T\e gap between two entities on a computer-aided designis the length of the shortest line segment that can be drawnfrom the boundary of one entity to the other without inter-secting the boundary of the other. CAD/CAM design-rules

checking programs can automatically perform gap checks.

graphíc tablet A CAD/CAM input device that enables graph-

ic and location instruments to be entered into the system us-

ing an electronic pen on the tablet. See also data tablet.

gray scøles In CAD systems with a monochromatic display,variations in brightness level (gray scale) are employed toenhance the contrast among various design elements. Thisfeature is very useful in helping the designer discriminateamong complex entities on different layers displayed con-currently on the CRT.

grid A network of uniformly spaced points or crosshatchoptionally displayed on the CRT and used for exactly lo-cating and digitizing a position, inputting components toassist in the creation of a design layout, or constructingprecise angles. For example, the coordinate data suppliedby digitizers is automatically calculated by the CPU fromthe closest grid point. The grid determines the minimumaccuracy with which design entities are described or con-nected. In the mapping environment, a grid is used to de-scribe the distribution network of utility resources.

hard copy A copy on paper of an image displayed on theCRT-for example, a drawing, printed report, plot, listing,or summary. Most CAD/CAM systems can automaticallygenerate hard copy through an online printer or plotter.

hardware The physical components, modules, and peripher-als comprising a system----computer disk, magnetic tape,CRT terminal(s), plotter(s), etc.

hard-wired línfr A technique of physically connecting two sys-

tems by fixed circuit interconnections using digital signals.

high-level language A problem-oriented programming lan-guage using words, symbols, and command statements thatclosely resemble English-language statements. Each state-

ment typically represents a series of computer instruc-tions. Relatively easy to learn and use, a highJevellanguage permits the execution of a number of subrou-tines through a simple command. Examples are BASIC,FORTRAN,PLII, PASCAL, COBOL, C++, and JAVA.

A high-level language must be translated or compiledinto machine language before it can be understood andprocessed by a computer. See also assembler: low-levellanguage.

host computer The primary or controlling computer in a multi-computer network. Large-scale host computers typically are

equipped with mass memory and a variety of peripheral de-

vices, including magnetic tape,line printers, card readers, andpossibly hard-copy devices. Host computers may be used tosuppof, with their own memory and processing capabilities,not only graphics programs running on a CAD/CAM system

but also related engineering analysis.

host-søtellite system A CAD/CAM system configurationcharactertzed by a graphic workstation with its own com-puter (typically holding the display file) that is connectedto another, usually larger, computer for more extensivecomputation or data manipulation. The computer local tothe display is a satellite to the larger host computer, andthe two comprise a host-satellite system.

.IC See integrated circuit.,IG/9S See Initial Graphics Exchange Specification.inches per second (þs) Measure of the speed of a device

(i.e., the number of inches of magnetic tape that can beprocessed per second, or the speed of a pen plotter).

Initìal Grøphícs Exchange Specdication (IGES) An inter-im CAD/CAM data base specification until the AmericanNational Standards Institute develop$ its own specifica-tion. IGES attempts to standardize communication ofdrawing and geometric product information betweencomputer systems.

initìalìze To set counters, switches, and addresses on a com-puter to zero or to other starting values at the beginningof, or at predetermined stages in, a program or routine.

ínput (data) (1) The data supplied to a computer programfor processing by the system. (2)T};re process of enteringsuch data into the system.

input devices A variety of devices (such as data tablets orkeyboard devices) that allow the user to communicatewith the CAD/CAM system, for example, to pick a func-tion from many presented, to enter text and/or numericaldata, to modify the picture shown on the CRT, or to con-

struct the desired design.

írtput/output (I/O) A term used to describe a CAD/CAMcommunications device as well as the process by whichcommunications take place in a CAD/CAM system. AnI/O device is one that makes possible communications be-

tween a device and a workstation operator or between de-

vices on the system (such as workstations or controllers).

an-

hatrte-uc-velou-IC,

By extension, input/output also denotes the process bywhich communications take place. Input refers to the datatransmitted to the processor for manipulation, and outputrefe¡s to the data transmitted from the processor to theworkstation operator or to another device (i.e., the re-sults), Contrast with the othe¡ major parts of aCAD/CAM system: the CPU or central processing unit,which performs arithmetic and logical operations, and da-ta storage devices (such as memories, disks, or tapes).

insert To create and place entities, figures, or information ona CRT or into an emerging design on the display.

instructìon sef (1) All the commands to which a CAD/CAMcomputer will respond. (2) The repertoire of functions thecomputer can perform.

integrøted circuít (IC) A tiny complex of electronic compo-nents and interconnections comprising a circuit that mayvary in functional complexity from a simple logic gate to amicroprocessor. An IC is usually packaged in a single sub-strate such as a slice of silicon. The complexity of most ICdesigns and the many repetitive elements have made com-puter-aided design an economic necessity. Also called a chip.

ìntegrated system A CAD/CAM system that integrates theentire product development cycle-analysis, design, andfabrication-so that all processes flow smoothly from con-cept to production.

intellìgent workstation/terminal A workstation in a systemthat can perform certain data processing functions in astand-alone mode, independent of another computer.Contains a built-in computer, usually a microprocessor orminicomputer, and dedicated memory.

intersctive Denotes t\ryo-way communications between aCAD/CAM system or workstation and its operators. Anoperator can modify or terminate a program and receivefeedback from the system for guidance and verification.See also feedback.

ínteractíve graphics systent (IGS) or interactive computergraphics (ICG) A CAD/CAM sysrem in which the work-stations are used interactively for computer-aided designand/or drafting, as well as for CAM, all under full operatorcontrol, and possibly also for text-processing, generationof charts and graphs, or computer-aided engineering. Thedesigner (operator) can intervene to enter data and directthe course of any program, receiving immediate visualfeedback via the CRT. Bilateral communication is provid-ed between the system and the designer(s), Often usedsynonymously with CAD.

intedace (") (t) A hardware and/or software link that en-ables two systems, or a system and its peripherals, to oper-ate as a single, integrated system. (2) The input devicesand visual feedback capabilities that allow bilateral com-munication between the designer and the system. The in-terface to a large computer can be a communications link(hardware) or a combination of software and hard-wiredconnections.An interface might be a portion of storage ac-cessed by two o¡ more ptograms or a link between twosubroutines in a program.

Appendix al3

I/O See input/output.

þs See inches per second.

jaggies A CAD jargon term used to refer to straight orcurved lines that appear to be jagged or sawtoothed onthe CRT screen.

joystick A CAD data-entering device employing a hand-controlled lever to manually enter the coordinates of vari-ous points on a design being digitized into the system.

ke¡t file A disk file that provides user-defined definitions fora tablet mew.See menu.

kínematìcs A computer-aided engineering (CAE) processfor plotting or animating the motion of parts in a machineor a structure under design on the system. CAE simula-tion programs allow the motion of mechanisms to be stud-ied for interference, acceleration, and forcedeterminations while still in the design stage.

layering A method of logically organtzing data in aCAD/CAM data base. Functionally different classes of da-ta (e.g,, various graphic/geometric entities) are segregatedon separate layers, each of which can be displayed individ-ually or in any desired combination. Layering helps the de-signer distinguish among different kinds of data in creatinga complex product such as a multilayered PC board or IC.

layers User-defined logical subdivisions of data in aCAD/CAM data base that may be viewed on the CRT in-dividually or overlaid and viewed in groups.

learning curve A concept that projects the expected im-ity over a period of time.to 1j years of a new

ost-justification study, orwhen new operators are introduced. An accepted tool ofmanagement for predicting manpo\iler requirements andevaluating training programs.

library, grøphics (or parts librøry) A collection of stan-dard, often-used symbols, components, shapes, or partsstored in the CAD data base as templates or buildingblocks to speed up future design work on the system.Generally an organization of files under a common li-brary name,

light pen A hand-held photosensitive CAD input deviceused on a refreshed CRT screen for identifying display el-ements, or for designating a location on the screen wherean action is to take place.

line font See font, line.

line printer A CAD/CAM peripheral device used for rapidprinting of data.

line smoothìng An automated mapping capability for theinterpolation and inse¡tion of additional points along aIinear entity yielding a series of shorter linear segmentsto generate a smooth curved appearance to the originalIinear component. The additional points or segments arecreated only for display purposes and are interpolated froma relatively small set of sto¡ed representative points. Thus,data storage space is minimized.

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low-level languøge A programming language in which

statements translate on a one-for-one basis' See also

machine language.

machìne A computer, CPU, or other processor'

møchíne instructíon An instruction that a machine (com-

puter) can rccognize and execute'

machíne language The complete set of command instruc-

tions understandable to and used directly by a computer

when it performs oPerations.

msø'o A sequence of computer instructions executable as a

single command. A frequently used, multistep operation

can be organized into a macro, given a new name, and re-

main in the system for easy use, thus shortening program

development time.

magnetic disk A flat circular plate Ïvith a magnetic surface

o"n which information can be stored by selective magneti-

zation of portions of the flat surface. Commonly used for

temporary working storage during computer-aided design'

See also dlsk.

magnetìc tape A tape with a magnetic surface on which in-

fórmation can be stored by selective polarization of por-

tions of the surface. Commonly used in CAD/CAM for

off-line storage of completed design files and other

archival material.

mainframe (computet) A large cenÍal computer facility'

main memory/storage The computer's general-purpose

storage from which instructions may be executed and data

loaded directly into operating registers.

mass storage Auxiliary large-capacity memory for storing

large amounts of data readily accessible by the computer'

Commonly a disk or magnetic taPe.

matríx A2-D or 3-D rectangular array (arrangement) of iden-

tical geometric or s)¡mbolic entities.A matrix can be generat-

ed automatically on a CAD system by specifying the building

block entity and the desired locations'This process is used ex-

tensively in computer-aided electricaVelectronic design'

n emot'y Any form of data storage where information can be

read and written. Standard memories include RAM, ROM,

and PROM. See also programmable read-only nxemory;

random access nxemory; read-only menxory; storage,

menu A common CAD/CAM input device consisting of a

checkerboard pattern of squares printed on a sheet of pa-

per or plastic placed over a data tablet. These squares

have been preprogrammed to represent a part of a com-

mand, a command, or a series of commands. Each square,

when touched by an electronic pen, initiates the particular

function or command indicated on that square. See also

data tablet, dYnamic menuing.

merge To combine two or more sets of ¡elated data into one,

uJua[y in a specified sequence.This can be done automati-

cally on a CAD/CAM system to generate lists and reports'

mícrocomputer A smaller, lower-cost equivalent of a full-scale mìnicomputer. Includes a microprocessor (CPU),

memory, and necessary interface circuits. Consists of one

or more ICs (chips) comprising a chip set.

microprocessor Tlte central control element of a microcom-

puter, implemented in a single integrated circuit. It per-

forms instruction sequencing and processing, as well as allrequired computations. It requires additional circuits tofunction as a microcomputer. See microcomputer,

minì computer A general-purpose, single-processor computer

of limited flexibility and memory performance.

mìrroring A CAD design aid that automatically creates a

mirror image of a graphic entity on the CRT by flipping

the entity or drawing on its x or y axis.

mnemonic symbol An easily remembered symbol that as-

sists the designer in communicating with the system (e.g.,

an abbreviation such as MPY for multþIy)'

model, geometric A complete, geometrically accurate 3-D or

2-D representation of a shape, a pafi, a geographic area, a

plant, or any part of it, designed on a CAD system and

stored in the data base. A mathematical or analytic model

of a physical system used to determine the response of that

system to a stimulus or load' See modeling, geometric'

modeling, geometríc Constructing a mathematical or analytic

model of a physical object or system for the purpose of de-

termining the response of that object or system to a stimu-

lus or load. First, the designer describes the shape under

design using a geometric model constructed on the system'

The computer then converts this pictorial representation on

the CRT into a mathematical model later used for other

CAD functions such as design optimization.

modelíng, solíd A type of 3-D modeling in which the solid

characieristics of an object under design are built into the

data base so that complex internal structures and external

shapes can be ¡ealistically represented. This makes com-

putãr-aided design and analysis of solid objects easier,

.l"ur"., and more accurate than with wire-frame graphics'

modem MOdulatot-D4Modtlator, a device that converts

digital signals to analog signals, and vice versa, for long-dis-

tance trãnsmission over communications circuits such as

telephone lines, dedicated wires, optical fiber, or microwave'

ntodule A separate and distinct unit of hardware or soft-

ware that is Part of a system,

mouse Ahand-held data-entering device used to position a

cursor on a data tablet. See cursor.

multiprocessor A computer whose architecture consists of

moie than one processing unit. See central processing unít:

microcomPuter.

in response to numericallY coded

mands may be generated bY apunched taPes or other communi

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processes involved in generating the data or tapes neces-sary to guide a machine tool in the manufacture of a part.

olf-líne Refers to peripheral deyices not currently connectedto and under the direct control of the system,s computer,

on-line Refers to peripheral devices connected to andunder the direct control of the system,s computer, sothat operator-system interaction, feedback, and outputare all in real time.

operatìng system A structured set of software programs thatcontrol the operation of the computer and associated pe-ripheral devices in a CAD/CAM system, as well as the ex-ecution of computer programs and data flow to and fromperipheral devices. May provide support for activities andprograms such as scheduling, debugging, input/output con-trol, accounting, editing, assembly, compilation, storage as-signment, data management, and diagnostics. Anoperating system may assign task priority levels, support afile system, provide drives for I/O devices, support stan-dard system commands or utilities fo¡ online program-ming, process commands, and support both networkingand diagnostics.

output The end result of a particular CAD/CAM process orseries of processes. The output of a CAD cycle can be art-work and hard-copy lists and reports. The output of a totaldesign-to-manufacturing CAD/CAM system can also in-clude numerical control tapes for manufacturing.

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overlay A segment of code or data to be brought into thememory of a computer to replace existing code or data.

paínt To fill in a bounded graphic figure on a raster displayusing a combination of repetitive patterns or line fonts toadd meaning or clarity. See font, line.

papet-tape punclt/reader A peripheral device that can readas well as punch a perforated paper tape generated by aCAD/CAM system. These tapes are the principal meansof supplying data to an NC machine.

parallel processr'zg Executing more than one element of asingle process concurrently on multiple processors in acomputer system.

pøssword protectíon A security feature of certainCAD/CAM systems that prevents access to the system orto files within the system without first entering a pass-word, i.e., a special sequence of characters.

PC board See printed circuit board.pen plotter An electromechanical CAD output device that

geqerates hard copy of displayed graphic data by meansof a ballpoint pen or liquid ink. Used when a very accuratefinal drawing is required. Provides exceptional uniformityand density of lines, precise positional accuracy, as well asvarious user-selectable colors.

perípheral (device) Any device, distinct from the basic sys-tem modules, that provides input to and/or output fromthe CPU. May include printers, keyboards, plotters, graph-ics display terminals, paper-tape reader/punches, analog-to-digital converters, disks, and tape drives.

permenent storage A method or device for storing the re-

Appendix al5i

sults of a completed program outside the CpU-usually inthe form of magnetic tape or punched cards.

photo plotter A CAD output device that generates high-precision artwork masters photographically for pC boarddesign and IC masks.

pixel T\e smallest portion of a CRT screen that can be indi-vidually referenced. An individual dot on a display image.Tlpically, pixels are evenly spaced, horizontally and verti-cally, on the display.

plotter A CAD peripheral device used to output fo¡ extemaluse the image stored in the data base. Generally makes large,acctrate drawings substantially better than what is displayed.Plotter types include pen, drum, electrostatic, and flatbed.

postptocessor A software program or procedure that for_mats graphic or other data processed on the system forsome other putpose. For example, a postprocessor mightformat cutter centerline data into a form that a machinecontroller can interpret.

precisìon The degree of accuracy. Generally refers to thenumber of significant digits of information to the right ofthe decimal point for data represented within a computersystem. Thus, the term denotes the degree of discrimina-tion with which a design or design element can be de-scribed in the data base.

preplaced líne (or bus) A run (or line) between a set ofpoints on a PC board layout that has been predefined bythe designer and must be avoided by a CAD automaticrouting program.

preprocessot A computer program that takes a specific setof instructions from an external source and translates it in-to the format required by the system.

primítive A design element at the lowest stage of complexi-ty. A fundamental graphic entity. It can be a vector, a.point, or a text string. The smallest definable object in adisplay processor's instruction set.

printed cìrcuit (PC) boørd A baseboard made of insulatingmaterials and an etched copper-foil circuit pattern onwhich are mounted ICs and other components required toimplement one or more electronic functions. pC boardsplug into a rack or subassembly of electronic equipmentto provide the brains or logic to control the operation of acomputer, or a communications system, instrumentation,or other electronic systems. The name derives from thefact that the circuitry is connected not by wires but by cop-per-foil lines, paths, or traces actually etched onto theboard surface. CAD/CAM is used extensively in pC boarddesign, testing, and manufacture.

process símulatíon Aprogram utilizing a mathematical mod-el created on the system to try out numerous process de-sign iterations with real-time visual and numericalfeed-back. Designers can see on the CRT what is takingplace at every stage in the manufacturing process. They cantherefore optimize a process and correct problems thatcould affect the actual manufacturing process down-stream.

processor In CADiCAM system hardware, any device that per-

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forms a specific function. Most often used to refer to theCPU. In software, it refers to a complex set of instructions toperform a general functions. See also central processing unit.

productìvíty ratìo A widely accepted means of measuringCAD/CAM productivity (throughput per hour) by com-paring the productivity of a design/engineering group be-fore and after installation of the system or relative tosome standard norm or potential maximum. The mostcommon way of recording productivity is Actual ManualHours/Actual CAD Hours, expressed as 4:1,6:1, etc.

program (ø) A precise sequential set of instructions that di-rect a computer to perform a particular task or action orto solve a problem. A complete program includes plans forthe transcription of data, coding for the computer, andplans for the absorption of the results into the system. (v)To develop a program. See also computer program.

Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) A memorythat, once programmed with permanent data or instruc-tions, becomes a ROM. See read-only rnemory.

PROM See prògrammable read-only memory.

prompt A message or symbol generated automatically bythe system, and appearing on the CRT, to inform the userof (a) a procedural error or incorrect input to the programbeing executed or (b) the next expected action, option(s),or input. See also tutorial.

puck A hand-held, manually controlled input device that al-lows coordinate data to be digitized into the system from adrawing placed on the data tablet or digitizer surface. Apuck has a transparent window containing cross hairs.

RAM See random access memory.

random access memoty (RAM) A main memory read/writestorage unit that provides the CAD/CAM operator directaccess to the stored information. The time required to ac-

cess any word stored in the memory is the same as for anyother word.

raster dísplay A CAD workstation display in which the en-tire CRT surface is scanned at a constant refresh rate.Thebright, flicker-free image can be selectively written anderased. Also called a digital TV display.

tastet scan (video) Currently, the dominant technology inCAD graphic displays. Simila¡ to conventional television, itinvolves a line-by-line sweep across the entire CRT surface

to generate the image. Raster-scan features include goodbrightness, accuracy, selective erase, dynamic motion capabil-ities, and the opportunity for unlimited color. The device candisplay a large amount of inJormation without flicker, al-though resolution is not as good as with storage-tube displays

read-only memort, (ROM) A memory that cannot be mod-ified or reprogrammed. Typically used for control and exe-cute programs. See also pro grammable read-only rnenxory.

real tíme Refers to tasks or functions executed so rapidly bya CAD/CAM system that the feedback at various stages inthe process can be used to guide the designer in complet-ing the task. Immediate visual feedback through the CRTmakes possible real time, interactive operation of a

CAD/CAM system.

rectangular array Inseftion of the same entity at multiplelocations on a CRT using the system's ability to copy de-sign elements and place them at user-specified intervals tocreate a rectangular arrangement or matrix. A feature ofPC and IC design systems.

refresh (or vector refresh) A CAD display technology thatinvolves frequent redrawing of an image displayed on theCRT to keep it bright, crisp, and clear. Refresh permits a

high degree of movement in the displayed image as well as

high resolution. Selective erase or editing is possible atany time without erasing and repainting the entire image.Although substantial amounts of high-speed memory arerequired, large, complex images may flicker.

refresh rate The rate at which the graphic image on a CRT isredrawn in a refresh display, i.e., the time needed for onerefresh of the displayed image.

regìstrøtìon The degree of accuracy in the positioning ofone layer or overlay in a CAD display or artwork, relativeto anothei layer, as reflected by the clarity and sharpnessof the resulting image.

rcpaìnt A CAD feature that automatically redraws a designdisplayed on the CRT.

resolution The smallest spacing between two display elements

that will allow the elements to be distinguished visually on

the CRT.The ability to define very minute detail. For exam-ple, the resolution of Computervision's IC design system is

one part in 33.5 million. As applied to an electrostatic plot-ter, resolution means the number of dots per square inch.

response time Tlte elapsed time from initiation of an opera-tion at a workstation to the receipt of the results at thatworkstation. Includes transmission of data to the CPU,processing, file access, and transmission of ¡esults back tothe initiating workstation.

rcstart To resume a computer program interrupted by oper-ator intervention.

restore -lo bring back to its original state a design currentþ be-

ing worked on in a CAD/CAM System after editing or mod-ification that the designer now wants to cancel or rescind.

Íesunle A feature of some application programs that allowsthe designer to suspend the data-processing operation atsome logical break point and restart it later from that point.

retìcle The photographic plate used to create an IC mask.See also photo plotter.

rotate 'Iolwî a displayed 2-D or 3-D construction about an ax-

is through a predefined angle relative to the original position.

robotìcs The use of computer-controlled manipulators orarms to automate a variety of manufacturing processes

such as welding, material handling, painting and assembly.

ROM See read-only memory

rcut¡ne A computer program, or a subroutine in the mainprogram. The smallest separately compilable source codeunit. See computer program: source.

rubber bøndíng A CAD capability that allows a componentto be tracked (dragged) across the CRT screen, by means

of an electronic pen, to a desired location, while simulta-

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neously stretching all related interconnections to maintainsignal continuity. During tracking the interconnections as_sociated with the component stretch and bend, providingan excellent visual guide for optimizing the location of ãcomponent to best fit into the flow of the pC board orother entity, minimizing total interconnect length andavoiding areas of congestion.

satellite A remote system connected to another, usuallylarger, host system. A satellite differs from a remote intel_ligent workstation in that it contains a full set of proces_sors, memory, and mass storage resources to operateindependently of the host. See host_satellite system.

scale (v) To enlarge or diminish the size of a displayed enti_ty without changing its shape, i.e., to bring it into a user_specified ratio to its original dimensions. Scaling can bedone automatically by a CAD system. (n) Denotes the co_ordinate system for representing an object.

scissorìng The automatic erasing of all portions of a designon the CRT that lie outside user-specified boundaries.

scroll To automatically roll up. as on a spool, a design or textmessage on a CRT to permit the sequential viewing of amessage or drawing too large to be displayed all aionceon the screen. New data appear on the CRT at one edge asother data disappear at the opposite edge. Graphics canbe scrolled up, down, left, or right.

selectìve erøse A CAD feature for deleting portions of a dis_play without affecting the remainder oihaving to repaintthe entire CRT display.

shape Jìll The automatic painting-in of an area, defined byuser-specified boundaries, on an IC or pC board layoui,for example, the area to be filled by copper when the pCboa¡d is manufactured. Can be done on_úne by CAD.

srnoothíng Fitting together curves and surfaces so that asmooth, continuous geometry results.

software The collection of executable computer programsincluding application programs, operating systems, andlanguages.

source A text file written in a highJevel language and con_taining a computer program. It is easily read and under_stood by people but must be compiled or assembled togenerate machine-recognizable instructions. Also knownas source code. See also high-level language.

source language A symbolic language composed of state_ments and formulas used in computer processing. It istranslated into object language (object code) by an assem_bler or compiler for execution by a computer.

splìne A subset of a B-spline wherein a sequence of curvesis restricted to a plane. An interpolation routine executedon a CAD/CAM system automatically adjusts a curve bydesign iteration until the curvature is contìnuous over thelength ofthe curve. See also B-spline.

storage The physical repository of all information relat_ing to products designed on a CAD/CAM system. It istypically in the form of a magnetic tape or disk. Alsocalled memory.

Appendix al7

stretch A CAD design/editing aid that enables the designerto automatically expand a displayed entity beyond its ãrig_inal dimensions.

string A linear sequence of entities, such as characters orphysical elements, in a computer_aided design.

stylus A hand-held pen used in conjunction with a datatable to enter commands and coordinate input into the

"rsYstem'

Also called an electronic Pen'hat may be extracted

inserted intact into another part

s ion of NC tool pathss and the shapes maydesign capabilities of

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ment, symbol libraries contribute to the quick maintenance,placement, and interpretation of symbols.

syntax (1) A set of rules describing the structure of state_ments allowed in a computer language.To make grammat_ical sense, commands and routines must be written inconformity to these rules. (2) The st¡ucture of a computercommand language, i.e., the English-sentence structure of aCAD/CAM command language, e.g., verb, noun, modifiers.

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also operating system (apurely software term).

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tublet An input device on which a designer can digitize co-

ordinate data or enter commands into a CAD/CAM sys-

tem by means of an electronic pen. See also data tablet.

task (1) A specific project that can be executed by a

CAD/CAM software program. (2) A specific portion ofmemory assigned to the user for executing that project.

template The pattern of a standard, commonly used compo-

nent or part that serves as a design aid. Once created, it can

be subsequently traced instead of redrawn whenever need-

ed.The CAD equivalent of a designer's template might be a

standard part in the data-base library that can be retrieved

and inserted intact into an emerging drawing on the CRT.

temporary storage Memory locations for storing immediate

and partial results obtained during the execution of a pro-gram on the system.

termínal See workstation.

text edítor An operating system program used to create and

modify text files on the system.

text file A file stored in the system in text format that can

be printed and edited on-line as required.

throughput The number of units of work performed by a

CAD/CAM system or a workstation during a given periodof time. A quantitative measure of system productivity.

tíme-sharíng The use of a common CPU memory and pro-cessing capabilities by two or more CAD/CAM terminals

to execute different tasks simultaneously.

tool pøth Centerline of the tip of an NC cutting tool as itmoves over a part produced on a CAD/CAM system'Toolpaths can be created and displayed interactively or auto-

matically by a CAD/CAM system, and reformatted intoNC tapes, by means of postprocessor, to guide or controlmachining equipment. See also surface machining.

trøck ball A CAD graphics input device consisting of a ballrecessed into a surface. The designer can rotate it in any

direction to control the position of the cursor used for en-

tering coordinate data into the system.

trøcking Moving a predefined (tracking) symbol across the

surface of the CRT with a light pen or an electronic pen.

transform To change an image displayed on the CRT by, forexample, scaling, rotating, translating, or mirroring.

transformatìon The process of transforming a CAD displayimage. Also the matrix rep¡esentation of a geometric space.

trønslate (1) To convert CAD/CAM output from one lan-guage to another. (2) Also, by an editing command, tomove a CAD display entity a specified distance in a speci-

fied direction.

trap T\e area that is searched around each pick to find a hiton a graphics entity to be edited. See also digitize.

turnøround time Tt'e elapsed time between the moment a

task or project is input into the CAD/CAM system andthe moment the required output is obtained.

turnkey A CAD/CAM system for which the supplier/ven-dor assumes total responsibility for building, installing,and testing both hardware and software, and the train-ing of user personnel. Also, loosely, a system that comes

equipped with all the ha¡dware and software requiredfor a specific application or applications. Usually im-plies a commitment by the vendor to make the system

work and to provide preventive and remedial mainte-nance of both hardware and software. Sometimes used

interchangeably with stand-alone, although stand-aloneapplies more to system architecture than to terms ofpurchase.

tutorial A characteristic of CAD/CAM systems. If the user is

not sure how to execute a task, the system will show howAmessage is displayed to provide information and guidance.

utílitíes Another term for system capabilities and/or fea-

tures that enable the user to perform certain processes.

vector A quantity that has magnitude and direction and

that, in CAD, is commonly represented by a directed linesegment.

verificatíon (1) A system-generated message to a worksta-tion acknowledging that a valid instruction or input has

been received. (2) The process of checking the accuracy,

viability, and/or manufacturability of an emerging design

on the system.

view port A user-selected,rectangular view of a part, assem-

bly, etc., that presents the contents of a window on the

CRT. See also window.

wíndow A temporary, usually rectangular, bounded area on

the CRT that is user-specified to include particular enti-ties for modification, editing, or deletion.

wire-frame graphics A computer-aided design technique

for displaying a 3-D object on the CRT screen as a series

of lines outlining its surface.

wiring díagrøn (1) Graphic representation of all circuits and

device elements of an electrical system and its associated ap-

paratus or any clearþ defined functional portion of that sys-

tem. A wiring diagram may contain not only wiring system

components and wires but also nongraphic information such

as wire number, wire size, color, function, component label,

and pin number. (2) Illustration of device elements and thei¡

interconnectivity as distinguished from their physical

arrangement. (3) Drawing that shows how to hook things up'

Wiring diagrams can be constructed, annotated, and docu-

mented on a CAD system.

word A set of bits (typically 1,6 to 32) that occupies a single

storage location and is treated by the computer as a unit'See also bl¡.

working storage That part of the system's internal storage

reserved for intermediate results (i.e., while a computerprogram is still in progress). Also called tenxporary storage

workstatíon The work area and equipment used forCAD/CAM operations. It is where the designer inter-acts (communicates) with the computer' Frequentlyconsists of a CRT display and an input device as well as,

possibly, a digitizer and a hard-copy device. In a distrib:uted processing system, a workstation would have local

processing and mass storage capabilities. Also called a

terminal or design terminal.

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wùte ^Io transfer information from CpU main memory to aperipheral device, such as a mass storage device.

wr¡te-protect A security feature in a CAD/CAM data stor_age device that prevents new data from being written overexisting data.

zero T};.e origin of all coordinate dimensions defined in anabsolute system as the intersection of the baselines of thex, y, and, z axes.

Appendix at9

zero offset On an NC unit, this features allows the zeropoint on an axis to be relocated anywhere within a speci_fied range, thus temporarily redefining the coordinateframe of reference.

zoom A CAD capability that proportionately enlarges orreduces a figure displayed on a CRT screen.

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armature ARMarmor plate ARMPLarmy navy ANarrange ARRartificial ARTFasbestos ASBasphalt ASPHassemble ASSEMassemble (auto manufacturing) ASMassembly ASSYassistant ASSTassociate ASSOCassociation ASSNatomic ATaudible AUDaudio frequency AFauthorize AUTHautomatic AUTOauto-transformer AXFMRauxiliary AUXavenue AVEaverage AVGaviation AVNazimuth þ¿

B

A

absoluteaccelerateaccessoryaccountaccumulateactualad,apteraddendumadditionadjustadvanceafteraggregateair-conditionairplaneallowancealloyalterationalternatealternating currentaltitudealuminumAmerican Standard

Code for InterchangeAmerican wire gageamountampereamplifierannealantennaapartmentapparatusappendixapprovedapproximatearc weld

bentBessemerbetweenbetween centersbetween perpendicularsbevelbill of materialblankblockblueprintboardboilerboiler feedboiling pointbolt circleboth facesboth sidesboth waysbottombottom chordbottom facebracketbrakebrassbrazingbreakBrinell hardnessBritish StandardBritish thermal unitbroachbronzeBrown & Sharpe (wire gage,

same asAWG)buildingbulkheadburnishbushingbutton

ABSACCEL

ACCESSACCT

ACCUMACT

ADPTRADDADDADJADVAFT

AGGRAIRCOND

APLALLOW

ALYALT

ALTN

ACALT

AL

ASCIIAWGAMTAMP

AMPLANLANTAPI

APPARAPPXAPVD

APPROXARCW

BT

BESS

BETW

BCBP

BEV

BMBLK

BLK

BP

BD

BLR

BF

BP

BCBF

BS

BWBOT

BCBF

BRKT

BK

BRS

BRZG

BRK

BH

BSt

BTU

BRCHBRZ

BS

BLDGBHDBNH

BSHGBTN

babbittback pressureback to backbackfacebalanceball bearingbarometerbase linebase platebearingbench mark

BABBP

BB

BF

BALBBRGBARO

BL

BP

BRGBM

aZ() Append¡x

C

calibtatecapacitancecast steelcastingcentercenteringchangecheck valveci¡cuitclockwisecoatedcold drawn coppercold-rolled steelcombinedcomplete withcompressorconcentricconcrete splash blockconditionconstant output amplifiercontactcontinuedcopper oxidecountercountersunkcross sectioncubiccubic footcubic inchcurrentcustome¡cyanide

D

decimaldedendumdeflectdegreedensitydepartmentdesigndetaildevelopdiagonaldiagramdiameterdiametral pitchdimensiondischargedistancedivisiondoubledovetaildoweldowndozen

drafring

CHGCV 11

CKI eachCW eccentricCTD effective

CDC elbowCRS electric

CMBD elementaryCW elevate

COMPR elevationCONC engine

CSB engineerCOND engineering

COA entranceCONT equalCONT equationCUO equipmentCTR equivalent

CTSK estimateXSECT exchange

CU exhaustCUFI existingCUIN exteriorCUR extra heavy

CUST extra strongCYN extrude

F

DEC fabricateDED face to faceDEFL Fahrenheit

(") DEG far sideDENS federalDEPT figure

DSGN filletDET fillisterDVL finish

DIAG finish all overDIAG flange

DIA flat headDP floor

DIM fluidDISCH focus

DIST footDIV forceDBL forged steel

DWL forgingDWL forwardDN foundry

DOZ frequency

DFTG frontDWG furnish

DR

DRGDF

DF gage or gauge

DUP gallongalvanizegalvanized ironalvanized steelasketenerallass

overnmentovernoradeaduationaphiteindooveound

EQLEQ

EepT half_round

EeUIV handle

EST hangerEXCH hard

EXH harden

EXST ha¡dware

EXT head

XHVy headless

XSTR heat-treatEXTD heavy

hexagonhigh_pressure

_speed

zontalepowerrolledrolled steel

irrgaulic

FNSH

FAO IFLG illustrateFLH inboardFL inchFL inches per second

FOC inclosure(')FT inctude

F inside diameterFST interior

FORG internalFWD intersectFDRY irregularFREQ

FR

FURN

GAGAL

GALVGALVI

GALVSGSKT

GENLGL

GOWGOV

GRGRDTN

GPHGRDGRVGRD

1/2RHHDL

HGRH

HDNHDW

H

HDLS

HTTR

HVYHEX

HP

HS

HORIZ

HP

HR

HRS

HR

HSGHYDR

ILLUS

INBD(") tN,

IPS

INCLSINCL

IDINTR

INTL

INTSCT

IRREG

FR

JRNT

jointjoint army-navyjournaljunction

K

keyseatKeyway

L

laboratorylaminatelateralleft sideleft handlengthlength over allletterlightlinelocatelogarithmlonglubricatelumber

M

machinemachine screwmachine steelmaintenancemalleablemalleable ironmanualmanufacturemanufacturedmanufacturingmaterialmaxrmummechanicalmechanismmedianmediummetalmetermilemiles per hourminimummiscellaneousmonthmorse tapermotormountedmounting

Appendix a2l

PREFAB

PFD

PREP

PRESS

PRCS

PRODPF

PROPPUBN

PB

multiple

JT MusicWire Gage

JANJNL 1V

JCT nationalnaturalnear face

KST near side

KWY negauveneutralnominalnormal

LAB north

LAM not to scale

LATL number

LS

LHOLG obsoleteLoA octasonLTR officãLT on center

outside radiusoverall

MACH DMSCR '

MS packageMAINT paragraph

MAL patentMl pattern

MNL permanentMFR perpendicularMFD pieceMFG piece markMATL pintMAX pitch

MECH pitch circleMECH pitch diameterMDN plasricMDM plate

MET plumbingM pointMl point of curve

MPH point of intersectionMIN point of tangency

MISC polishMO position

MORT potentialMOT poundMTD pound-force per square inchMTG power

MULT prefabricatedMWG preferred

preparepressure

NOMNORM O

^ ) quadrant

'il8 åÏ;l','å

ROBS\JUt

rachus\Jt-uOC rarlroad

removerequrre

PKG requiredPARA return

PAT reversePAn revolution

PERM revolution per minutePERP right

PC right handPCMK rivet

PT Rockwell hardnessP roller

PC root diameterPD root mean square

PLSTC roughPL round

PLMBPTs

PCpl schedule

pT schematic

pOL scleroscopehardness

POSN screw

pOT second

LB section

psl semi-steel

pWR separate

GA>ALALV

\LVILVS

SKI:NLGL)WOVGR)TN.PH

RDRVRD

QDRNTOUAL

QTR

RH

DL}R

H)Nr\/¡/

H

LS

TR

:XIPJS

vIPIR

?S

IR

erQ

RDL

R

RR

RMRRCVD

RCDRECT

RDCREF

REINF

REL

RLF

RMVREO

REQDRTN

RVS

REV

RPMR

RH

RWRH

RLR

RDRMS

RGHRND

SCHEDSCHEM

SH

SCR

SEC

SECT

SS

SEP

rs

)J,

S

S

L

)IL

T

2

a22 Appendix

set screwshaftsheetshouldersinglesketchsleeveslideslottedsmallsocketspacespecialspecificspot-facespflngsquarestandardstationstationarysteelstockstraightstreetst¡ucturalsubstitutesummary

SSCR supportSFT surfaceSH symbol

SHLDR sysremSGLSKT

sluSTRL

SUBSI ulrimate

SMy unified

SPRI universalSURF

SYM VSYS vacuum

valvevariable

TAN versus

TpR vertical

TECH voltTEMpL volume

TNSN WIERM

THK washer

THD wart

THRU week

TMR weight

TOL west

TG widthTS working point

TOT working pressure

XFR wrought

ryp wrought iron

Y

ULT yard

uN yeal

UNIV

VAC

VARVS

VERT

VOL

WSHR

WWKWlW

WDWP

WPRWRI

WI

YDYR

\C

AR

VSiRT

f,L

JRWVK

MWIDVP)R

RT

//r

/D

/R

Appendix a23

5 Running ond sliding Fitso -Americon Nolionol slqndord

lC 1 Close sliding fits are intended for the accurate location of parts which must assemble without perceptible play.RC 2 Sliding fits are intended for accurate location, but with greater maximum clearance than class RC L. parts

made to this fit move and turn easily but are not intended to run freely, and in the larger sizes may seize withsmall temperature changes.

RC 3 Precision running fits are about the closest fits which can be expected to run freely and are intended forprecision work at slow speeds and light journal pressures, but they are not suitable where appreciable tem-perature differences are likely to be encountered.

RC 4 Close running fits areintended chiefly for running fits on accurate machinery with moderate surface speedsand journal pressures, where accurate location and minimum play are desirôd.

Basic hole system. Limits are in thousandths of an inch.Limits for hole and shaft are applied algebraically to the basic size to obtain the limits of size for the parts.

Data in boldface are in accordance with ABC agreements.Symbols H5, 95, efc.,aÍe hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.

NominalSize Range,

inches

Over To

H.72

Cl¡ss RC I Class RC 2 Class RC 3 Class RC 4

L!)ogoàÊGl.E É)

FTU

0.1

0.45

StandardLimits ê9

.sEtrqt.= a)i rì

0.1

0.55

St¡ndardLimt'ts ê9

.sãCÉÉ.= 0)rr¡ (J

0.30.95

SfandardLimits ê9

.sEÊGt.= c)È¡ (J

0.31.3

SúandardLimits

HoleH5

+0.2

-0

Shaftg4

-0.1-0.25

HoleH6

+0.25

-0

Shaft

95

-0.1-0.3

HoleH7

+0.4

-0

Shaft16

-0.3-0.55

HoleH8

+0.6

-0

Shaftfl

-0.3-0.7

o.124.24 0.ls0.5

+0.2

-0-0.15-0.3

0.1s0.65

+0.3

-0-0.1s-0.35

0.4l.t2

+0.5

-0-0.4-0.7

0.41.6

+0.7

-0-0.4-0.9

o.244.40 0.20.6

+0.25

-0-0.2-0.35

0.20.85

+0.4

-0-0.2-0.4s

0.51.5

+0.6

-0-0.5-0.9

0.5

2.0

+0.9

-0-0.5-1.1

0.404.71 0.250.75

+0.3

-0-0.25-0.45

0.250.95

+0.4

-0-0.2s-0.55

0.6t7

+0.7

-0-0.ó-1.0

0.6

2.3+1.0

-0-0.6-1.3

0.77-t.r9 0.3

0.95+0.4

-0-0.3-0.55

0.31.2

+0.5

-0-0.3-0.7

0.82.L

+0.8

-0-0.8-1.3

0.8

2.8+1.2

-0-0.8-1.6

I.r9-1.97 0.41.1

+0.4

-0-0.4-0.7

0.41.4

+0.6

-0-0.4-0.8

1.0

2.6+1.0

-0-1.0-16

1.0

3.6

+16-0

-1.0-2.0

I.97-3.I5 0.41.2

+0.5-0

-0,4-0.7

0.4

1.6

+0.7

-0-0.4-0.9

1.23.1

+L.2

-0-12-1.9

1.24.2

+1.8

-0-1..2-2.4

3.154.73 0.51.5

+0.6

-0-0.5-0.9

0.52.0

+0.9

-0-0.5-tt

t.43.7

+1.4

-0-1.4-2.3

t45.0

J-t't

-0-14-2.8

4.73J.09 0.61.8

+0.7

-0-0.6-1.1

0.62.3

+1.0

-0-0.6-1.3

1.64.2

+1.6

-0-'..6-2.6

1.ó

5.7+2.5

-0-1.6-3.2

7.09-9.85 0.62.0

+0.8

-0-0.6-L2

0.62.6

+1.2

-0-0.6-1.4

2.05.0

+1.8

-0-2.0-4,

2.06.6

+2,8

-0-2.0-3.8

9.85-r2.4r 0.8

z.J+0.9

-0-0.8-1.4

0.82.9

+1.2

-0-0.8-r.7

2.5

5.7

+2.0

-0-2.5-J.t

2.5

7.5

+3.0

-0-2.5-4.5

12.41-15.75 1.02.7

+1.0

-0-1.0-'1.7

1.0

3.4

+L4-0

- 1.0

-2.03.06.6

+2.2

-0-3.0-4.4

3.08.7

+3.5

-0-3.0-5.2

'From ANSI 84.7-1967 (R1994). For larger diamerers, see the standard.

a24 Appendix

5 Running ond Sliding Fitso-Americon Nolionol Stondord (continued)RC 5IRC 6l Mediunt running fits are intended for higher running speeds, or heavy journal pressures, or both.

RC 7 Free running fits are intended for use where açÇuracy is not essential, or where large temperature variationsunder both these conditions.

RC BlRC 9l for use where wide commercial tolerances may be necessary, together with

ember.

04.t2

Class RC 5 Class RC 6 Class RC 8 Class RC 9

StandardLimits

Èq)o9..s õ.= q)

r-'. (J

0.6

2.2

StandardLimifs

1.0

2.6

HoleH8

+0.6

-0

Shaftel

-0.6-1.0

HoleTI9

+1.0

-0

Shafte8

-0.6-12

+1.0

-0-1.0-1.6

+1.6

-0-2.5-3-5

+2.5

-00.L24.24 0.8

2.0+0.7

-0-0.8-1.3

0.8

2.7+1.2

-0-0.8-1.5

t23.1

+12-0

-L2-1.9

2.85.8

+1.8

-0-2.E-4.0

4.5

9.0

+3.0

-0-4.5-6.0

0.244.40 1.0

2.5+0.9

-0-1.0-1.6

1.0

3.3

+1.4

-0-L.0-1.9

1.6

3.9+14-0

-1.6-2.5

3.06.6

J-t,

-0-3.0-4.4

5.0r0.7

+3.5

-0-5.0-7.2

0.4H.71 t,22.9

+1.0

-0-1.2-19

1.23.8

+L6-0

-1.,2-., .

2.04.6

+1.6

-0-2.0-3.0

3.57.9

+2.8

-0-3.5-5.1

6.0

72.8

+4.0

-0-6.0-8.8

0.71.-r.r9 1.6

3.6+1.2

-0-1.6-2.4

1.6

4.8

+2.0

-0-1.6-2,8

,,<

5.7+2.0

-0-2.5-3.7

4.510.0

+35-0

-4.5-6.5

7.0

15.s

+5.0

-0-7.0

-10.5r.79-t.97 2,0

4.6+1.6

-0-2.0-3.0

2.0

6,1

+25-0

-2.0-3.6

3.07.1

+2.5

-0-3.0-4.6

5.011.s

+4.0

-0-5.0-7.5

8.018.0

+6.0

-0-8.0

-12.0I.97-3.r5 2.5

5.5+1.8

-0-2,5-3.7

2.5

7.3

+3.0

-0_,E

-4.34.08.8

+3.0

-0-4.0-5.8

6.013.5

+4.5

-0-6.0-9.0

9.0

20.5

+7.0

-0-9.0

-13.53.1.54.73 3.0

6.6+2.2

-0-3.0-4.4

3.0

8.7+3.5

-0-3.0-s.2

5.010.7

+3.5

-0-5.0-7.2

7.015.5

+5.0

-0-7.0

-10.510.0

24.0

+9.0

-0-10.0-15.0

4.73-:7.09 3.57.6

+2,5

-0-3.5-5.1

3.5

10.0+4.0

-0-3.5-6.0

6.0x2.5

+4.0

-0-6.0-8.5

8.018.0

+6.0

-0-8.0

-x2.012.0

28.0

+10.0

-0-12.0-18.0

7.09-9.85 4.08.6

+2.8

-0-4.0-5.8

4.011.3

+4.5

-0-4.0-6.8

7.0

L4.3

+4.5

-0-7.0-9.8

10.021.5

+7.0

-0-10.0-t4s

15.0

34.0+t2.0-0

-15.0-22.0

9.85-t2.41 5.010.0

+3.0

-0-5.0-7.0

5.013.0

+5.0

-0-5.0-8.0

8.016.0

+5.0

-0-8.0

-11.0x¿.025.0

+8.0

-0-1:2.0-17.0

18.0

38.0

+x2.0

-0-18.0-26.0

12.4t-15.75 6.0rt.7

+3.5

-0-6.0-8.2

6.015.5

+6.0

-0-6.0-9.5

10.0

19.5

+6.0

-0-10.0

13.514.029.0

+9.0

-0-14.0-20.0

22.045.0

+14.0

-0-22.0-31.0

" F¡om ANSI B'4.7-1967 (R1994). For larger diameters, see the srandard.

Appendix a25

6 cleoronce Locotionor Fitso -Amer¡c.n Notionqr stqndord

fits are" assembled

n rromto the I arance fits

Limits for hole "n¿

rr,urt lrï;litt""atïtsJ: imirs orsize for rhe parrs.Data in boldface are in acc s.

Symbols H6, H5, etc', are hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.

:_l

¡ft

..0

'.6

.5

.0

.0

.2

.0

.8

.0

.5

.0

.0

.0

.5

.0

.0

.0

0

00

00

00

From ANSI 84.1-1967 (Rl994). For Ìarger diameters, see the standard.

Clans LC 2 Class LC 3 Class LC 4 Class LC 5

L€)ogsãËqtFr(J

01

StandardLimits o9

i3ãgd.= aJiu

02.6

StandardLinits

+0-0.2

Shafth6

+0-0.2s

HoleH8

+0.6

-0

Shafth7

+0-0.4

HoleH10

+1.6

-0

Shafth!)

+0

-1.0-0.1-0.350.I24.24 0

05+0.3

-0+0-0.2

0

0.8+0.5

-0+0-0.3

01.2

+0.7

-0+0-0.5

0

3.0+1.8

-0+0

-L.20.ls0.95

+0.5

-0-0.1s-0.4s0.244.40 0

0.65+0.4

-0+0-0.25

01.0

+0.6

-0+0-0.4

0

1.5+0.9

-0+0-0.6

03.6

J-'t ',

-0+0-1.4

0.2

1.2

+0.6

-0-0.2-0.60.4H..71 0

0.7+0.4

-0+0-0.3

01.1

+0.7-0

+0-0.4

01.7

+1.0

-0+0-0.7

04.4

+2.8

-0+0-1.6

0.251.3s

+0.7

-0-0.25-0.65

00.9

+0.5

-0+0-0.4

01.3

+0.8

-0+0-0.5

0,,

+1.2

-0+0-0.8

0

5.5+3.5

-0+0

-2.00.3

t6+0.8

-0-0.3-0.8t.L9-t.97 0

1.0

+0.6

-0+0-0.4

01.6

+1.0

-0+0-0.6

0

2.6+1.6

-0+0-1

0o.5

+4.0

-0+0-2,5

0.42.0

+1.0

-0-0.4-1.01.971.r5 0

1,2+0.7

-0+0-0.5

01,9

+L2-0

+0

-0.703

+1.8

-0+0-1^,2

07,5

+4.5

-0+0

-30.42.3

+L2-0

-0.4-1.1

3.154.73 0

1.5+0.9

-0+0-0.6

0

2.3+1.4

-0+0-0.9

03.6

)-', ',

-0+0-1.4

0

8.5+5.0

-0+0-J.5

0.52,8

+1.4

-0-0.5-1^44.73-7.09 0

L7+1.0

-0+0-0.7

02.6

+1.6

-0+0-1.0

0

4.1+2.5

-0+0-1.6

010

+ó.0

-0+0-4

0.6

3.2

+1.6

-0-0.6-1.6

7.09-9.8s 0

2.0+1.2

-0+0-0.8

03.0

+l.E-0

+0-1.2

04.6

+2.8

-0+0-1.8

0l1.s

+7.0

-0+0-4.5

0.6

3.6

+1.8

-0-0.6- 1.8

9.85-12.41 02,1

+1.2

-0+0-0.9

03.2

+2.0

-0+0-12

05

+3.0

-0+0-2.0

013.0

+8.0

-0+0-5

0.7

3.9+2.0

-0-0.7-L,9r'¿.4I-I5.75 0

2.4+1.4

-0+0-1.0

03.6

+2.2

-0+0

-1.40

5.7+3.5

-0+0-t',

015.0

+9.0

-0+0

-60.7

4.3+2.2

-00.2.

O.

0o00Joo

000=0g.

'no

o

I

3o--,o0

z0=0fgØ0

o0oo0J=coo

Class LC 6 Class LC 7 Class LC E Class LC 9 Class LC 10 Class LC 11

ølÉGlFT (J

0.31.9

StandardLimits ø2.ËË

.ãgi(J

0.63.2

StandardLimits ê9ø2

Èd.! aJ

H(J

1.03.6

StandardLimits =gøA

Ê6

'lo2,56.6

StandardLimits øa

.= q)

r(J

4t2

StandardLimits ø=

É€

5

t7

Standa¡dsLimits

HoleH9

+1.0

-0

Shaftt8

-0.3-0.9

HoleH10

+1.6

-0

Shafte9

-0.6-1.6

HoleH10

+1.6

-0

Shaftd9

-1.0-2.0

HoleH11

+2.5

-0

Shaftc10

-2.5-4.1

HoleIJtz

+4-0

Shaft

-4-8

HoleHl3

+6-0

Shaft

-5-11

0.12-0.24 0.42.3

+1.2

-0-0.4-1.1

0.83.8

+1.8

-0-0.8-2.0

1.24.2

+1.8

-0-1.2-2.4

2.87.6

+3.0

-0-2.8-4.6

4.5

14.5+5-0

-4.5-9.5

6

20+7-0

-6-13

0.24-0.40 0.5

2.8

+1.4

-0-0.5-14

1.0

4.6

Laa

-0-1.0-2.4

1.6

5.2

Lta

-0-1.6-3.0

3.08.7

+3.5

-0-3.0-5.2

5

t7+6-0

-5-11

725

+9

-0-7

-160.4È0.71 0.6

3.2+1.6

-0-0.6-1.6

L.25.0

+2.8

-0-1.2-2,8

2.06.4

+2.8

-0-2.0-3.6

3.510.3

+4.0

-0-3.5-6.3

620

+7-0

-6-13

8?a

+10

-0-8

-180.7l-t.t9 0.8

4.0

+2.0

-0-0.8-2.0

1.67.1

+3.5

-0-1.6-3.6

2.58.0

+3.5

-0-2.5-4.5

4.513.0

+5.0

-0-4.5-8.0

723

+8-0

-7-ls

1034

+12

-0-10-,,,,

1.19-1.97 1.05.1

+2.5

-0-1.0-2.6

2.08.5

+4.0

-0-2.0-4.5

3.0

9.s+4.0

-0-3.0-5.5

5

15

+6-0

-5-9

I28

+10

-0-8

-18t24

+16

-0-12-28

t.97-3.15 1.2

6.0+3.0

-0-L2-3.0

,E

10.0

+4.5

-0-2.5-5.5

4.011.5

+4.5

-0-4.0-7.0

6

17.5

+7-0

-6-10.5

10

34+12

-0-10-r',

14

50

+18

-0-t4-32

3.154.73 t.47.1

+3.5

-0-1.4-3.6

3.011.s

+5.0

-0-3.0-6.5

5.013.5

+5.0

-0-5.0-8.5

72t

+9

-0-7

-1211

39+14

-0-11-25

t660

+22

-0-16-3E

4.73-7.09 1.6

E.1

+4.0

-0-1.6-4.1

3.5

13.s

+6.0

-0-J.5-7.5

6.016.0

+6-0

-6-10

824

+10

-0-8

-14t24

+16

-0-t2-28

18

68

+25

-0-18-43

7.09-9.85 2.09.3

+4.5

-0-2.0-4.8

4.015.5

+7.0

-0-4.0-8.5

7.0l8.s

+7-0

-7-11.5

10

29+12

-0-10-17

16

52+18

-0-16-34

22

78

+7ß

-0-7t-50

9.85-].2.41 a)to.2

+5.0

-0_),-F'

4.5t7.s

+8.0

-0-4.5-9.5

7.020.0

+8-0

-7-12

l232

+12

-0-12-20

2060

+20

-0-20-40

?ß

88

+30

-0-28-58

12.41-15.75 2.5

t2.0+6.0

-0-ta-6.0

5.020.0

+9.0

-0-5

-118.0

23.0+9

-0-8-1|

1437

+14

-0-14-23

)t66

L,,

-0-))-M

30100

+35

-0-30-05

" From ANSI 84.1-1967 (Rl994). For larger diameters. see the standard.

0,, "nnf"?ixü'::!:"i:iä;:,îi::Ïìîåï:,""î:ti,ï:ä:and interference fits,for apprication where accuracy of rocarion is important,

e in thousandths of an inch.the mating parts.

us values).

0ao

õ'f

0o0=0fgTI

6o

I

lo=.oofz0=0fgU,

0looo

NominalSize Range,

inches

Over To

0-0.12

Class [T 1 Class LiT 2 Class IjT 3 Class LT 5 Class IjT 6

FÍt

-0.10+0.50

StandardLimits

F¡T

-0.2+0.8

StandardLimits

Fir

StandardLimits

Fif Fir

-0.5+0.15

Stand¡rdLimiÍs

Fit

-0.65+0.15

StandardLimits

HoleH7

+0.4

-0

Shaftjs6

+0.10

-0.10

HoleH8

+0.6

-0

Shaftjs7

+0.2

-0.2

HoleH7

Shafik6

HoleH8

Shaftk7

HoleH7

+0.4-0

Shaftnó

+0.5+0.2s

HoleH7

+0.4

-0

Shaftn7

+0.65+0.250124.24 -0.15

+0.65+0.5

-0+0.15

-0.15-0.25+0.95

+0.7

-0+0.25

-0.25

-0.7+0.8

-0s+0.9

-0.6+0.2

+0.5

-0+0.6+0.3

-0.8+0.2

+0.5

-0+0.8+0.3-0.2

+0.8+0.6

-0+0.2

-0.2-0.3+1.2

+0.9

-0+0.3

-0.3-0.5+0.5

+0.6

-0+0.5+0.1

+0.9

-0+0.7+0.1

-0.8+0.2

+0,6

-0+0.8+0.4

-1.0+0.2

+0.6

-0+1.0+0.4-0.2

+0.9+0.7

-0+0.2

-0.2-0.3s+1.35

+1.0

-0+0.35

-0.35-0.5+0.6

+0.7-0

+0.5+0.1

+l.tf-0

+0.8+0.1

-0.9+0.2

+0.7-0

+0.9+0.5

-1.2+0.2

+0.t-0

+1.2

-0.25+1.05

+0.8

-0+0.25

-0.25-0.4+1.6

+1.2

-0+0.4

-0.4-0.6+0.7

+0.8

-0+0.6+0.1

-0.9+1.1

-lJ+1.5

-13+1.7

+1.2

-0+0.9+0.1

-1.1+0.2

+0.8

-0+1.1+0.6

-1.4+0.2

+0.8

-0+1.4+0.6-0.3

+1.3+1.0

-0+0.3

-0.3-0.5+2.1

+1.6

-0+0.5

-0.5-0.7+0.9

+1.0

-0+0.7+0.1

+1.6

-0+l.l+0.1

-1.3+0.3

+1.0

-0+1.3+0.7

-1.7+0.3

+1.0

-0+l.t+0.7-0.3

+1.5+1.2

-0+0.3

-0.3-0.6+2.4

+l.E-0

+0.6

-0.6-0.8+1.1

+1.2

-0+0.8+0.1+1"0+0.1

+1.8

-0+1.3+0.1

- 1.5+0.4

+1.2

-0+1.5+0.8

-2.0+0.4

+1.2

-0+2.0+0.8-0.4

+1.8+1.4

-0+0.4

-0.4-0.7+2.9

+2.2

-0+0.7

-0.7- 1.0+1.3

+1.4

-0+1.6

-0+1S-0

- 1.5+2.1

+2.2

-0+1.5+0.1

-1.9+0.4

+1.4

-0+1.9+1.0

-2.4+0.4

+t4-0

+2.4+1.04.73-7.09 -0.5

+2.1+1.6

-0+0.5

-0.5-0.8+3.3

+2.5

-0+0.8

-0.8-1.1+1.5

+1.1+0.1

-1.7+2.4

+2.5

-0+17+0.1

_aa

+0.4+1.6

-0+2.2+1.2

-2.8+0.4

+1.6

-0+2.8+1.27.09-9.85 -0.6

+2.4+1.8

-0+0.6

-0.6-0.9+3.7

+2.8

-0+0.9

-0.9-1.4+1.6

+1.4+0.2

-2.0+2.6

+2.8

-0+2.0+0.2+2.2+0.2

-2.6+0.4

+1.8

-0+2.6+1.4

-3.2+0.4

+1.8

-0+3.2+1.4-0.6

+2.6+2.0

-0+0.6

-0.6-1.0+4.0

+3.0

-0+1.0

-1.0-7.4+1.8

+2.0

-0+1.4+0.2

_,,.+2.8

+3.0

-0-2.6+0.6

+2.0-0

+2.6+1.4

-3.4+0.6

+2.0

-0+3.4

-0.7+2.9

+r.,-0

+0.7

-0.7-1.0+4.5

+3.5

-0+1.0

-1.0-1.6+2.0

+2.2

-0+1.6+0.2

-2.4+3.3

+3.5

-0+2.4+0.2

-3.0+0.6

+2.2

-0+3.0+1.6

-3.E+0.6

!ta

-0+3.8+1.6'From ANSI B4.t-1967 (F.lgg4). For larger diameters, see the standard.

a28 Appendix

lnlerference Locolionol Filso-Americon Notionol SlondordLN Locational interference fits are used where accuracy of location is of prime importance and for parts requir-ing rigidity and alignment with no special requirements for bore pressure. Such fits are not intended for partsdesigned to transmit frictional loads from one part to another by virtue of the tightness of fit, as these condi-tions are covered by force fits.

Basic hole system. Limits are in thousandths of an inch.Limits for hole and shaft are applied algebraically to the basic size to obtain the limits of size for the parts.

Data in boldface are in accordance with ABC agreements.Symbols H7,p6,etc., are hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.

NominalSize Range,

inches

Over To

H.r2

Class LN 1 Class LN 2 Class LN 3

o)o

Eg.€ÊÉq)

00.45

StandardLimits

€)I

TE.¡3 €tq)¡lÈ

00.65

StandardLimits

(¡)I

Eg.É*Êo)FlÈ

0.10.7s

StandardL¡mifs

HoleH6

+0.25

-0

Shaftn5

+0.45+0.2s

HoleH7

+0.4

-0

Shaftp6

+0.65+0.4

HoleH7

+0.4

-0

Shaft¡6

+0.75+0.5

0.124.24 0

0.5

+0.3

-0+0.5+0.3

00.8

+0.5

-0+0.8+0.5

0.10.9

+0.5+0

+0.9+0.6

0.2H.40 00.65

+0.4

-0+0.65+0.4

01.0

+0.6

-0+1.0+0.6

0.2t2

+0.6

-0+1.2+0.8

0.40-0.71 0

0.8

+0.4

-0+0.8+0,4

01.1

+0.7

-0+1.1+0.7

0.31.4

+0.7

-0+t4+1.0

0.17-t.t9 01.0

+0.5

-0+1.0+0.5

0

1.3

+0.8

-0+1.3+0.8

0.4t7

+0.8

-0+L.7+1.2

t.r9-r.97 01.1

+0.6

-0+1.1+0.6

0L6

+1.0

-0+1.6+1.0

0.42.0

+1.0

-0+2.0+L4

1.97-i.r5 0.1

1.3

+0.7

-0+1.3+0.7

0.22.1

+1,2

-0+2,1+1.4

0.42.3

+1.2

-0+2,3+1.6

3.r54.73 0.1

1.6

+0.9

-0+1.6+1.0

0.22.5

+1.4

-0+2.5+1.6

0.62.9

+t.4-0

+2,9+2.0

4.73-7.09 0.2L.9

+1.0

-0+1.9+12

0.22.8

+1.6

-0+2.8+1.8

0.93.5

+1.6

-0+3.5+2.5

7.09-9.85 0.22.2

+12-0

+2.2+1.4

0.23,2

+1.8

-0+3.2+2.0

1.24,2

+1.8

-0+4.2+3.0

9.85-12.41 0.22.3

+1.2

-0+2.3+14

0.23.4

+2.0

-0+3.4+2.2

1.54.7

+2.0

-0+4.7+3.5

u F¡om ANSI B4.I-1967 (R1994). For larger diameters, see the standard.

Class FlrI l I Chss FN 2 Cl¡ss F1\[ 3 Class Fft 4 | Chss FN 5a¡IrãleeEf 6¡

'î Êt

0.050.5

StandardLimits

cI

IEieeÊl É¡

ÊÊ0.20.85

SfandardLimits

í)I,:r õseEC¡

¡¡Ë

SúandardLimits

0.30.95

€)I

EEe€Ê€¡FlÈ

0.31.3

HoleH6

+0.25-0

Shaft

+0.5+0.3

HoleH7

+0.4

-0

Shafts6

+0.85+0.6

HoleH7

HoleH7

+0.4

-0+0.95+0.70.124.24 0.1

0.6+0.3

-0+0.6+o.4

0.21.0

+0.5

-0+1.0+0.7

0.41.2

+0.5

-0+1.2+0.9

051.7

+0.7-0

+1.7+t20.244.40 0.1

0.7s+0.4

-0+0.75+0.5

0.41.4

+0.6

-0+1.4+1.0

0.61.6

+0.6

-0+1.6+12

0.52.0

+0.9

-0+2.0+1 Â0.4H.56 0.1

0.8+0.4

-0+0.8+0.5

0.51.6

+0.7

-0+1.6+1.2

0.71.8

+0.7

-0+1.8+1.4

0.62.3

+1.0

-0+2.3+1.60.5ffi.71 0.2

0.9+0.4

-0+0.9+0.6

0.51.6

+0.7

-0+1.6+1.2

0.71.8

0.E2.1

1.023

+0.7-0

+1.8+1.4

0.82.5

+1.0

-0+2.5+1.8

0.95-1.19

0.21.1

+05-0

+1.1+0.7

0.61.9

+0.8

-0+1.9+L4 +0.8

-0+2.1+1.6

1.03.0

+1.2-0

+3.0+2.20.3

L2+0.5

-0+1.2+0.8

0.61.9

+0.8

-0+1.9+L4

0.E

2.1+0.E

-0+2.1+1.6

+0.8

-0+2.3+1.8

1.33.3

+1.2

-0+3.3+2.51.19-1.58 0.3

1.3

+0.6

-0+1.3+0.9

0.82.4

+1.0

-0+2.4+l.E

1.02.6

+1.0

-0+2.6+2.0

1.5

3.1+1.0

-0+3.1+2.5

t44.0

+1.6

-0+4.0+3.0' ANSI 84.1-1 9ó7 (Rl994)

k-H.tØ

duce more or less permanent assemblies. They are suitable for thin sec-

k fits on light sections. They are about the tightest fits that can be used

s in medium sections.

for shrink fits where the heavy pressing forces required are impractical.

Limits for hole and .n^r, lTData of size for the parts.

Symbols H7, em.

1'l0c)o0

oU,

=.f.tt

(t,o

I

3o=,o0fz0=ogv,0ao0o

Class Fl\I1 Cl¡ss FN 2 Class tr]\I3 Class Fl\I4 Cless trN 5oe¡

ËEø .91.ËEÉl c)

F¡È

0.4r.4

StandardLimits

o)9

EE.sËÉq)FlÈ

0.82.4

SfandardLimits

€)(J

1:a)EEÉ (¡¡

FlË

1.2

2.8

StandardLimits

o)I

EEEEÉq)FlË

1.83.4

StandardLimits

q¡I

ËE.s€El o

2.45.0

StandardLimits

HoleH6

+0.6

-0

Shaft

+1.4-1.0

HoleH7

+1.0

-0

Shafts6

+2.4+1.8

HoleH7

+1.0

-0

Shaftr6

+2.8-L) ''

HolelÐ+1.0

-0

Shaftu6

+3.4+2.8

HoleH8

+1.6

-0

Shaftx7

+5.0+4.0

1.972.56 0.6

1.8

+0.7

-0+1.8+1.3

0.8

2.7+L2-0

+2.7+2.0

1.3

3.2+12-0

+3.2+25

tl4.2

+t.2-0

+4.2+3.5

3.26.2

+1.8

-0+6.2+5.0

2.5Ç3.',ts 0.7

t.9+0.7

-0+1.9+1.4

1.02.9

+1.2

-0+2.9+2.2

1.8

3.7+1.2

-0+3.7+3.0

2.8

4.7+1.2

-0+4.7+4.0

4.2,f,

+1.8

-0+7.2+6.0

3.75-3.94 0.924

+0.9

-0+2.4+1.8

1.43.7

+1.4

-0+3.7+2.8

2.14.4

+1.4

-0+4.4+3.5

3.6s.9

+1.4

-0+5.9+5.0

4.8E.4

+2.2

-0+8.4+7.0

3.944.73 1.1

2.6+0.9

-0+2.6+2.0

1.ó

3.9+1.4-0

+3.9+3.0

2.64.9

+1.4

-0+4.9+4.0

4.66.9

+1.4

-0+6.9+6.0

5.89.4

+2.2

-0+9.4+8.0

4.73-5.52 1.22.9

+1.0

-0+2.9+2.2

1.94.5

+1.6

-0+4.5+3.5

3.46.0

+1.6

-0+6.0+5.0

5.48.0

+1.6

-0+E.0+7.0

7.5

Lt6+2.5

-0+11.6+10.0

5.52-6.30 1.5

3.2+1.0

-0+3.2+2.5

2.45.0

+1.6-0

+5.0+4.0

3.46.0

+1.6

-0+6.0+5.0

5.48.0

+1.6

-0+8.0+7.0

9.513.6

+2,5

-0+13.6+12.0

6.30-7.09 1.83.5

+1.0

-0+3.5+2.8

2.95.5

+1.6

-0+5.5+4.5

4.47.0

+1.6

-0+7.0+6.0

6.49.0

+1.6

-0+9.0+8.0

9.s13.6

+2.5

-0+13.ó+x¿.0

7.09-7.88 1.8

3.8

+1.2

-0+3.8+3.0

3.26.2

+1.8

-0+6.2+5.0

5.28.2

+1.8

-0+8.2+7.0

7.210.2

+1.8

-0+10.2+9.0

lt215.8

+2.8

-0+15.8+14.0

7.88-8.86 2.3

4.3

+1.2

-0+4.3+3.5

3.26.2

+1.8

-0+6.2+5.0

5.28.2

+1.8

-0+8.2+7.0

8.2tt.2

+1.8

-0+1L.2+10.0

13.2

17.8

+2.8

-0+17.8+16.0

8.86_9.85 2343

+t.2-0

+4.3+3.5

4.27.2

+1.8

-0+7.2+6.0

6.29.2

+1.8

-0+9.2+8.0

10.213.2

+1.8

-0+13.2+12.0

t3.217.8

+2.8

-0+17.8+16.0

9.85-11.03 2.8

4.9

+1.2

-0+4.9+4.0

4.07.2

+2.0

-0+7.2+6.0

7.0

r0.2+2.0

-0+10.2+9.0

10.0

13.2

+2.0

-0+t3.2+12.0

ls.020.0

+3.0

-0+20.0+18.0

11.03-12.4I 2.8

4.9

+1.2

-0+4.9+4.0

5.08.2

+2.0

-0+8.2+7.0

7.0r0.2

+2.0

-0+10.2+9.0

L2.0

15.2

+2.0

-0+15.2+14.0

17.0

22.0+3.0

-0+22.0+20.0

12.47-13.98 3.15.5

+1.4

-0+5.5+4.5

5.89.4

+2.2

-0+9.4+8.0

7.8

lt4-1,, .,

-0+11.4+10.0

13.8t7.4

-)-) )-0

+I7.4+16.0

18.54.2

+3.5+0

+4.2+22.0

'tl0000Joth

-i,

'l'l

lÐ

I

30-1,o0az0=0f9.U)

0Jo0oooa=c0o

' From ANSI 8,4.1-1967 (Rf 994). For larger diameters, see the standard.

Basic Sizes

Ove¡

0

3

6

10

18

30

50

80

120

180

2s0315

400

500

630

800

1000

1250

r600

2000

2500

Up toånd

Including

J

6

10

18

30

50

80

720

180

250

315

400

500

630

800

1000

1250

1 600

2000

25U)3150

ITOI

0.0003

0.0004

0.0004

0.000s

0.0006

0.0006

0.0008

0.001

0.0012

0.002

0.002s

0.003

0.004

0.0045

0.005

0.005s

0.0065

0.008

0.009

0.01 1

0.013

ITO

0.0005

0.0006

0.0006

0.0008

0.001

0.001

0.0012

0.0015

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.011

0.013

0.015

0.018

IT1

0.0008

0.001

0.001

0.0012

0.0015

0.0015

0.002

0.002s

0.0035

tT2

0.0012

0.0015

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.0025

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

0.011

0.013

0.015

0.018

0.021

0.025

0.030

0.036

IT3

0.002

0.0025

0.0025

0.003

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.013

0.015

0.0t 6

0.018

0.02r

0.024

0.029

0.035

0.041

0.050

IT4

0.003

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

o.020

0.022

0.025

0.029

0.034

0.040

0.048

0.057

0.069

IT5

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.008

0.009

0.011

0.013

0.0r50.018

0.020

0.023

0.02-s

0.027

0.030

0.03-5

0.040

0.046

0.054

0.065

o.077

0,093

IT6

0.006

0.008

0.009

0.011

0.013

0.016

0.019

0.022

0.025

0.029

0.032

0.036

0.040

0.044

0.050

0.056

0.066

0.078

0.092

0.110

0.135

IT7

0.010

0.012

0.015

0.018

o.021

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.046

0.052

0.057

0.063

0.070

0.080

0.090

0.105

0.t250.150

0.175

0.210

rTE

0.014

0.018

0.022

0.o27

0.033

0.039

0.046

0.054

0.063

0.o72

IT9

0.025

0.030

0.036

0.043

o.052

0.062

0.074

0.087

0.100

0.1 t50.130

0.140

0.r55

0.I750.200

0.230

0.260

0.310

0.370

0.440

0.540

ITlO

0.040

0.048

0.058

0.070

0.084

0.100

0.1200.140

0.160

0.185

0.210

0.230

0.250

0.280

0.320

0.360

0.420

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.860

IT11

0.060

0.07s

0.090

0.1 10

0.130

0.160

0.190

0.220

0.250

0.290

03200.360

0.400

0.440

0.-500

0.560

0.660

0.780

0.920

r.100

1.350

Írt2

0.100

0.1200.1s0

0.180

o.210

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.460

0.520

0.570

0.630

0.700

0.800

0.900

1.050

1.250

1.500

1.750 I

2.100 I

IT13

0.140

0.180

0.220

0.270

0.330

0.390

0.4600.540

0.630

0.720

0.810

0.890

0.970

1.100

1.250

1.400

1.650

1.950

23ml2.800 I

3.3rn I

tr14

0.250

0.300

0.3ó0

0.430

0.5200.620

0.740

0.870

1.000

r.150

0.400

0.480

0.580

0.700

0.840

1.000

t.2M1.400

1.600

1.850

2.1m2.300

ITT5 I rT16

0.600

0.750

0.900

1.100

1.300

1.600

1.900

2.200

2.500

29U)3.200

3.600

4.000

4.400

5.000

5.600

6.600

7.800

9.200

11.000

13.500u From ANSI 8,4.2-1978 (P.1gg4

Dimensions are in millimeters.

" rrom ANSI 84.2-1978 (R 1994).

;ìiJ1]iîiyLtï1,::ï* grades íarger than rr16 can be catculatcd by using rhe formulas:rr17 : rr x 10.

o

fo

0=oq

g'ooJoo0oooo

o

q,

útN

Dimensions are in millimeters.

Loose Running

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMinMaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMinMaxMin

BasicSize >;

JOqõ

8PJ*

Ã'o

009o'sõ'9oJAoäo6'oo

oo0foo-rt

6o

I

Fif

12

1.6

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0200.000

0.0200.000

0.0200.000

2.5

10

12

t6

20

0.0240.000

0.0240.000

0.0290.000

0.0290.000

0.0340.000

0.0340.000

0.0340.000

30

HoleHl1

1.060

1.060

1.2601.200

1.660

1.600

2.0602.000

2.5602.500

3.0603.000

4.0754.000

5.07s5.000

6.0756.000

8.0908.000

10.090

10.000

12.11012.0M

16.110

16.000

20.13020.000

25.13025.000

30.13030.000

0.9400.880

I.1401.080

1.5401.480

1.9401.880

2.4402.380

2.9402.880

3.9303.85s

4.9304.855

5.9305.85s

7.9207.830

9.9209.830

11.905

17.795

15.905

15.795

19.890

19.760

24.89024.760

29.89029.760

Ftr

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.2200.070

0.2200.070

0.2200.070

0.2600.080

0.2600.080

0.315

0.095

0.315

0.095

0.3700.110

0.3700.110

0.3700.110

7.02s1.000

1.22s

7.2M

L.62s

r.600

2.0252.000

2.5252.500

3.0253.000

4.0304.000

s.0305.000

16.04316.000

20.05220.000

25.05225.000

30.05230.000

6.0306.000

8.0368.000

10.036

10.000

12.04312.000

0.9800.955

1.1801.155

1.580

1.555

1.980

1.955

2.4802.45s

2.9802.95s

3.9703.940

4.9704.940

5.9705.940

19.93519.883

24.93524.883

29.93529.883

7.9607.924

9.9609.924

11.95071.907

15.95015.907

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0900.030

0.0900.030

0.0900.030

0.1120.040

0.1120.040

0.7360.050

0.1360.050

0.1690.065

0.7690.06s

7.0141.000

1.2I41.200

1..614

1.600

2.0I42.W0

12.000

76.027

16.000

20.03320.000

25.03325.0æ

30.03330.000

5.000

ó.0186.000

8.U28.000

70.022

10.000

12.027

17

0.9940.984

I.1941.184

L.5941.584

1.9947.984

2.4942.484

2.9942.984

3.9903.978

4.9904.978

5.9905.978

7.9877.972

9.9879.972

77.9841r.966

15.984

15.966

19.980

19.9s9

24.98024.9s9

29.98029.959

Ftr

0.0300.006

0.0300.036

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0400.010

0.0400.010

0.0400.010

0.0500.013

0.0500.013

0.0610.016

0.061

0.016

0.0740.020

0.0740.020

0.0740.020

1.010

1.000

1.21,0

r.200

1.610

1.600

2.0102.000

2.5t02.500

3.0103.000

4.0124.000

5.0I25.000

6.0L26.000

8.0158.000

10.01510.000

12.01812.000

16.018

16.000

20.02120.000

25.02725.000

30.02730.000

0.998

0.992

1.198

7.192

1.598

1.592

1.998

1.992

2.4982.492

2.9982.992

3.9963.988

4.9964.988

5.9965.988

7.995

19.99319.980

24.99324.980

29.99329.980

7.986

9.995

9.986

11.99411.983

15.99415.983

Fir

0.0i80.002

0.0180.002

0.0180.o02

0.0180.002

0.0180.002

0.0180.002

0.0240.004

0.0240.004

0.0240.004

0.0290.005

o.0290.005

0.0350.006

0.0350.006

0.041

0.007

0.0410.007

0.0410.007

1.010

1.000

1.210r.2M

1.610

1.600

2.0LO

2.W0

2.5I02.500

3.0103.000

4.0724.000

5.0125.000

6.0126.000

8.0158.000

10.015

10.000

72.01812.000

16.018

16.000

20.02720.000

25.0212s.000

30.02730.000

1.000

0.994

L.2007.194

1.600

1.594

2.000I.994

2.5002.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.992

8.0007.991

10.000

9.991

12.0{n11.989

16.000

15.989

20.00019.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

u F¡o¡n ANSI B,4.2-tg7},*rnn4r.ao. O

\r\r77rrr. rur usùçrrptruil ut plglErrgu Ilts. see laDle lz.z.

Dimensions are in millimeters.

a From ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1994). For description of preferred fits, see Täble 12.2.

BasicSize

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

40

50

60

80

100

r20

160

200

250

300

400

500

Loose Running Flee Running Close Running Sliding Locstional ClearanceHoleH11

40.r6040.000

50.16050.000

60.19060.000

80.19080.000

t00.220100.000

120.220120.000

160.250160.000

200.290200.000

250.290250.000

300.320300.000

400.360400.000

500.400500.000

Shaftcl1

39.88039.720

49.87049.710

59.86059.670

79.95079.660

99.83099.610

tI9.820119.600

r59.790i59.540

r99.760I99.470

249.720249.430

299.670299.350

399.600399.240

499.520499.I20

Fir

0.4400.120

0.4500.130

0.5200.140

0.5300.r 50

0.6100.170

0.6200.180

0.7100.2t0

0.8200.240

0.8600.280

0.9700.330

t.1200.400

t.2800.480

HoleH9

40.06240.000

50.06250.000

60.07460.000

80.07480.000

100.087

100.000

720.087

120.000

160.100

160.000

200.175200.000

250.115

250.000

300.130300.000

400.140400.000

s00.15s500.000

Shaftd9

39.92039.858

49.92049.858

59.90059.826

79.90079.826

99.88099.793

119.880

1t9.793

159.855

ts9.755

199.830

t99.715

249.830249.7t5

299.8t0299.680

399.790399.650

499.770499.615

F¡t

0.2040.080

0.2040.080

0.2480.100

0.2480.100

0.2940.t20

0.2940.L20

0.3450.145

0.4000.170

0.4000.170

0.4500.190

0.4900.2r0

0.540o.230

40.03940.000

50.03950.000

60.04660.000

80.04680.000

i00.054100.000

t20.054120.000

160.063

160.000

200.072200.000

250.072250.000

300.081

300.000

400.089400.000

500.097500.üx)

Shaftfl

39.97539.950

49.97549.950

59.97059.940

79.97079.940

99.96499.929

r19.9641t9.929

t59.957ts9.917

199.950r99.904

249.950249.904

299.944299.892

399.938399.881

499.932499.869

Fir

0.0890.025

0.0890.025

0.1060.030

0.1060.030

0.t250.036

0.1250.036

o.t460.043

0.1680.050

0.1680.050

0.1890.056

0.2080.062

0.2280.068

40.02540.000

50.02550.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.000160.000

200.046200.000

250.046250.000

300.052300.000

400.057400.000

500.063500.000

Shaft

96

39.99139.975

49.99I49.975

59.99059.971

79.99079.971

99.98899.966

119.988I19.966

159.986159.961

199.985

199.956

249.985249.956

299.983299.95r

399.982399.946

499.980499.940

Ftt

0.0500.009

0.0500.009

0.0590.010

0.0590.010

0.0690.012

0.0690.012

0.0790.014

0.0900.015

0.0900.015

0.101

0.017

0.111

0.018

0.r230.020

40.02540.000

50.02550.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.040160.000

200.046200.000

250.046250.000

300.052300.000

400.057400.000

500.063500.000

h6

40.00039.984

50.00049.984

60.00059.981

80.00079.98r

100.000

99.978

120.0001L9.978

160.000r59.975

200.000199.971

250.000249.97t

300.000299.968

400.000399.964

500.000499.960

Fir

0.041

0.000

0.041

0.000

0.0490.000

0.0490.000

0.057

0.000

0.057

0.000

0.0650.000

0.075

0.000

0.075

0.000

0.0840.000

0.093

0.000

0.1030.000

>3loõo

8ßJ--1Íoõ'õ'

sügõ'OofÃoõ0õ'dg

iqlotdb9o.llvõ'

i

Dimensions are in millimeters.N

>!rdqd'

8P2SÍo==.00o_d

9õ'9xoõ0õ'õ.=

0a9.

=oa0fo=o

oo

o0'Ì1

o0

I

1 MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMinMaxMinMaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMinMaxMin

5

6

1.2

1.6

2

2.5

4

J

8

10

t2

16

20

25

30

Force

5.0r25.000

6.0t26.000

8.0158.000

i0.01510.000

12.0L812.000

16.018

16.000

20.081

20.000

25.02125.000

30.02130.000

Shaft- l

k6

1.006

1.000

t.2061.200

1.606

1.600

2.0062.000

2.5062500

3.0063.000

4.0094.001

5.0095.001

6.0096.001

8.0108.001

10.01010.001

12.0t2t2.00tt6.0r216.001

20.015

20.002

25.01525.002

30.01530.002

0.011

-0.0090.011

-0.0090.011

-0.0090.014

-0.0100.014

-0.0100.017

2.5t02.500

3.0103.000

4.0t24.000

5.0t25.000

6.0t26.000

8.0158.000

10.015

10.000

12.018

12.000

16.018

16.000

20.02r20.000

25.02125.000

30.02130.000

1.010 |

I

1.004 I

1.210r.204

1.610t.604

2.0102.004

2.5102.504

3.0103.004

4.0164.008

5.0165.008

6.0166.008

8.019

8.010

i0.01910.010

72.02312.012

t6.02316.072

20.02820.015

25.02825.015

30.02830.01-5

Flr

0.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

"-0.010

0.004

-0.0160.004

-0.0160.004

-0.0160.005

-0.0190.005

-0.0i90.006

-0.0230.006

-0.0230.006

-0.0280.006

-0.0280.006

-0.028

3.0103.000

4.0r24.000

5.0t25.000

6.Or26.000

8.015

8.000

10.015

10.000

12.07812.000

16.01816.000

20.02120.000

25.02125.000

30.02130.000

2.0r22.006

2.5722.506

3.O123.006

4.0204.012

s.0205.Or2

6.0206.0t2

8.0248.015

r0.02410.015

t2.02912.0r8

16.02916.018

20.03520.022

2s.03525.022

30.03530.022

0.004

-0.0120.004

-0.0r20.000

-0.0200.000

-0.0200.000

-0.0200.000

-0.0240.000

-0.o240.000

-0.0290.000

-0.029

-0.001-0.035

-0.001-0.035

-0.001-0.03-5

H7

1.010

1.000

L2l0t.200

1.6101.600

2.0102.000

2.5rO2.500

3.0103.000

4.0t24.000

5.0125.000

8.015

8.000

10.015

10.000

12.018

12.000

16.018

16.000

20.021.

20.000

25.021,

25.000

30.02130.000

6.0126.000

2.014

25202.574

3.0203.0r4

4.0274.0t9

5.0275.019

6.O27

6.019

8.0328.023

r0.o32t0.023

12.039t2.028

16.039

16.028

20.04820.035

25.0482s.035

30.04830.035

Fir

-0.004-0.020

-0.004-0.020

-0.004-0.020-0.004-0.020

-0.004-0.020

-0.004-0.020-0.007-0.027

-0.007-0.027

-0.007-o.027

-0.008-0.032

-0.008

HoleH7

1.010

1.000

r.2701.2m

1.6101.600

z.ol02.000

2.5t02500

3.0103.000

6.Ot26.000

8.015

8.000

10.015

10.000

4.0t24.000

5.0r25.000

7.O24

1.018

t.2241.2I8

t.6241.618

2.0242.0t82.5242.518

3.O243.018

4.031

4.023

5.0315.023

6.0316.023

8.0378.028

L0.03710.028

12.O44

12.033

76.O44

16.033

20.05420.047

25.06r25.048

30.06130.048

Ftr.

-0.008-o.024

-0.008-0.o24

-0.008-0.o24

-0.008-0.o24-0.008-o.o24

-0.008-0.024

-0.011-0.031

-0.011-0.031

-0.011-0.031

-0.013-0.037

-0.013-0.037

-0.015-0.044

-0.015-0.044

-0.020-0.054

-0.027-0.061

-0.027-0.061

nFrom ANSI 84.2-ï978 (R1994).

Dimensions are in millimeters.

N

>3lo0dsRzSãoõ'õ'

e.ágõ'9oJôoõ0õ'

a00f^a=o=Jo!

=0a00fc)o11

ID0

I

BasicSize

40

50

60

80

100

t20

200

300

400

500

160

250

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMinMaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

Loc¡tional Ïhamn. Loc¡tion¡l Ïlansn. Locational Interf. Medium Drive Forcc

H7Hole

40.02540.000

50.02550.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.040160.000

200.M6200.000

250.046250.000

300.052300.000

400.0572100.000

500.063500.000

40.01840.002

50.01850.002

60.o2160.002

80.021

80.002

100.025

100.003

120.025120.003

160.028

160.003

200.033200.ffi4

0.028

-0.02t0.028

-0.02t0.032

-0.02s0.032

-0.0250.037

-0.0280.042

-0.0330.042

-0.0330.048

-0.0360.0s3

-0.M00.058

-0.045

I 40.O2s

40.000

50.025

50.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.040

160.000

2W.046200.000

250.046250.000

300.052300.000

400.057400.ffn

500.063 t

s00.0001

I ShÐftn6

40.03340.0r7

50.03350.017

60.03960.020

80.03980.020

100.045

l0[.023

120.M5t20.o23

160.052

160.027

200.060200.031

250.060

Flr

0.08

-0.0330.008

-0.0330.010

-0.0390.010

-0.0390.012

-0.0450.012

-0.0450.013

-0.0520.015

-0.0600.015

-0.0600.018

-0.0660.020

-0.o730.023

-0.080

HoleH7

40.02540.000

50.o2550.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.040160.000

200.046200.000

250.046250.000

300.052

Shaftp6

40.04240.026

50.04250.026

60.051

60.032

80.05i80.032

100.059

100.037

I20.059120.o37

160.068

160.043

200.o79200.050

250.079250.050

300.088300.056

400.098400.062

500.108500.068

Fir

-0.001-0.042

-0.001-0.042

-0.002-0.051

-0.002-0.051

-0.002-0.0s9

-0.002-0.059-0.003-0.068

-0.004-0.o79

-0.004-0.079

-0.004-0.088

-0.005-0.098

-0.005-0.108

I HolelH7

40.02540.000

50.o2550.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.040160.000

200.046200.000

250.046250.000

300.052300.000

400.057400.000

500.063500.000

I Shsftl.eI

40.05940.o43

50.05950.043

60.07260.053

80.07880.059

100.093

100.071

I20.lDtr20.o79

160.I2s160.100

2W.r5r200.122

250.t69250.140

Flr

-0.018-0.059

-0.018-0.0s9

-0.023-0.072

-0.029-0.078

-0.036-0.093

-0.ûl4-0.101

-0.060-o.725

-0.076-0.151

-0.094-0.169

-0.118-0.202

-0.151-0.244

-0.189-0.292

40.02540.000

50.02550.000

60.03060.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

160.040160.000

2W.046200.000

250.U6250.000

300.052

40.07640.060

50.08650.070

60.10660.087

80.121

80.102

100.146

Im..n4120-166t20.144

t60.215160.190

2æ.265200.236

250.313

Flr

-0.035-0.o76

-0.045-0.086

-0.057-0.106

-0.o72-0.12t-0.089-0.146

-0.109-0.166

-0.150-o.21s

-0.190-o.265

-0.238-0.313

-0.298-0.382

-0.378-o.47I-o.477-0.580

From ANSI 84.2-197 8 (R194).

Dimensions are in millimeters.

Holec11

7.I201.060

1.3201.260

t.7201.660

2.L202.060

2.6202.560

3.1203.060

4.1454.O70

5.1455.070

6.1456.070

8.1708.080

to.t7010.080

12.20512.095

t6.20516.09s

20.24020.t10

25.24025.tL}30.24030.110

1.000

0.940

Lzn0.140

1.600

0.540

2.0æ1.940

2.5002.403.0002.940

4.0003.925

5.0004.925

6.0005.925

8.0007.9t0

10.000

9.910

12.000

11.890

16.00015.890

20.00019.870

25.00024.870

30.00029.870

Flr

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.1800.060

0.2200.070

0.2200.070

0.2200.070

o.2600.080

0.2600.080

0.3150.095

0.3150.095

0.3700.110

0.3700.110

0.3700.110

1.045

1.020

1.2457.220

L.g51.620

2.0452.020

2.5452.s20

3.0453.020

4.0604.O30

5.0605.030

6.0606.030

8.0768.040

L0.o76

10.040

12.09312.050

16.09316.050

20.t1720.065

25.t1725.M5

30.1t730.065

Shsfth9

1.000

0.975

1..2N0.175

1.600

0.575

2.000t.975

2.5n2.475

3.0002.975

4.0003.970

5.0004.970

6.0005.970

8.0007.9&

10.0009.964

l2.wIt.957

16.000Ls.957

20.00019.948

25.00024.948

30.00029.948

FTT

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0700.020

0.0900.030

0.0900.030

0.0900.030

0.1120.040

0.tLz0.040

0.1360.050

0.1360.050

0.1690.065

0.1690.065

0.1690.065

HoleFE

7.U01.006

1.220t.2M1.6201.606

2.0202.m6

2.5202.506

3.O20

3.006

4.0284.010

5.0285.010

6.0286.010

8.0358.013

10.035

10.013

t2.M312.016

L6.04316.016

20.05320.020

25.0s325.020

30.0s330.020

1.000

0.990

L.2001.190

1.600

1.590

2.0001.990

2.5n2.490

3.0002.990

4.0003.988

5.0004.988

6.0005.988

8.0007.98s

10.0009.985

12.000r1.982

16.000t5.982

20.000t9.979

25.00024.979

30.00029.979

Flt

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0300.006

0.0400.010

0.0400.010

0.0400.010

0.0500.013

0.0500.013

0.061

0.016

0.061

0.016

0.o740.a00.0740.020

0.0740.020

I.OT2

1.002

7.212t.202

1.612

1.602

2.0122.n22.5t22_502

3.0t23.002

4.0164.004

5.0165.004

ó.0166.004

8.0208.005

10.020

10.005

12.024t2.006

t6.02416.006

20.02820.007

25.U825.O07

30.o2830.007

1.000

0.994

1.2001.t94

1.600

1.594

2.000t.994

2.5û2.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.992

8.0007.991

10.0009.991

t2.w11.989

16.00015.989

20.00019.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

trII

0.0180.002

0.0180.002

0.0180.002

0.0180.002

0.0180.û20.0180.002

0.o240.004

0.0240.004

0.u40.004

0.0290.00s

0.u290.005

0.0350.006

0.03s0.006

0.041

0.007

0.041

0.007

0.0410.007

1.0101.000

T.2IO

1.2û1.6101.600

2.0IO2.000

2.5102.5æ

3.0103.000

4.0124.000

5.0t25.000

6.0126.000

8.01s8.000

10.015

10.000

12.018t2.ñ016.018

16.000

20.02120.000

25.U\25.000

30.o2r30.000

1.000

0.994

r.2001.194

1.600

L.594

2.W7.994

2.5002.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.9y2

8.0007.991

10.0009.997

12.00011.989

16.00015.989

20.00019.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

!lûto

Loose Running Fhee Running Close Running(,

}T-to0õ'

g8-7ioõ'õ'

dgø9q;xoärog

o0õJo0l!6

f

Locational Clearance

L MaxMin

I.2 MaxMin

1.6 MaxMin

2 iNdax

Min2.5 Max

MinMaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

10

t6

Fif

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0160.000

0.0200.000

0.0200.000

0.0200.000

o.0240.000

0.0240.000

0.0290.000

0.0290.000

25

30

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

0.0340.000

0.0340.000

0.0340.000" From ANSI B.4.Z-tg7B (R1994).

\r\ r 774).

Dimensions are in millimeters.

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

40

50

60

80

100

t20

160

200

250

300

400

500

Hole

50.130

60.33060.140

80.34080.150

100.390

100.170

120.4æ

99.t80

Fir

0.4400.120

0.4500.130

0.5200.140

0.5300.150

0.6100.170

0.6200.180

0.7t00.2t0

0.8200.240

0.8600.280

0.9700.330

t.t200.400

1.2800.480

I HoleI

D9

40.14240.080

50.142

50.080

60.L7460.100

80.77480.100

100.207

40.00039.938

50.00049.938

60.00059.926

80.00079.926

00.00099.913

20.00011

Ft¡

o.2040.080

o.2040.080

0.2480.100

0.2480.100

o.2940.L20

0.294o.t20

0.3450.L45

0.4000.t70

0.4000.170

0.4500.190

0.4900.210

0.5400.230

| 40.0flI qo.ozsI

50.064

50.025

60.07660.030

80.07680.030

100.090

100.036

t20.090720.036

160.106160.043

¿10.000

39.975

s0.00049.975

60.00059.970

80.00079.970

100.00099.96s

120.000

tlg.965

0.0890.o25

0.1060.030

0.1060.030

0.1250.036

0.1250.036

0.1680.050

0.1680.050

0.1890.056

0.1460.043

0.2080.062

0.2280.068

HoleG7

40.03440.009

50.03450.009

60.04060.010

80.04080.010

40.00039.984

50.00049.984

60.00059.981

80.00079.981

100.00099.978

120.000119.978

160.000

ntl0.0s00.009

0.0500.009

0.0590.010

0.0590.010

0.069o.0t2

0.0690.0t2

0.0790.014

0.0900.015

0.0900.015

0.101

0.017

0.111

0.018

0.1235.020

60.000

80.03080.000

100.035

100.000

120.035

120.000

99.978

120.000

Ìir0.041

0.000

0.0410.000

0.0490.000

0.0490.000

0.0570.000

0.0570.000

0.06s0.000

0.075

0.000

0.0750.000

0.0840.000

0.0930.000

0.103

0.000"From ANSI

õ

>Td$8'Nl*=1q-9õ'õ'

dEØQq;*8xoo6

i8Lci)oõoô'lr'4

I

84.2-7978 (R1994).

Dimensions are in millimeters.

1.2

t.6

1

2

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMinMaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

2.5

J

4

5

6

8

10

72

16

20

25

30

Loc¡tional Thansn. Locational ïbansn. Locational Interf. MediumDrive Force

HoleK7

1.0000.990

1.200

1.190

1.600

1.s90

2.0001.990

2.5002.490

3.0002990

4.0033.991

5.0034.991

6.003

5.991

8.005

7.990

10.005

9.990

12.00611.988

16.006

15.988

20.00619.985

25.00624.985

30.00629.98s

1.0000.994

t.2æ1.194

1.600

t.594

2.0007.994

2.5æ2.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.992

8.0007991

10.000

9.99r

12.00011.989

16.00015.989

20.000t9.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

F¡t

0.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.006

-0.0100.011

-0.0090.011

-0.0090.011

-0.0090.014

-0.0100.014

-0.0100.017

-0.0120.017

-o.ol20.019

-0.0150.019

-0.0150.019

-0.015

HoleN7

0.9960.986

1.1961.186

r.5961.586

7.9961.986

2.4962.486

2.9962.986

3.99639844.9964.984

5.9965.984

7.9967.987

9.9969.981

11.995tt.977

15.995t5.977

t9.993t9.972

24.99324.912

29.99329.972

Shafth6

1.000

0.994

L.200t.r941.600

t.594

2.0007.994

2.5002.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.992

8.0007.99r

10.000

9.991

12.00011.989

16.00015.989

20.00019.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

trtr

0.002

-0.0140.002

-0.0140.002

-0.0140.002

-0.0140.002

-0.0140.002

-0.0140.004

-0.0160.004

-0.0160.004

-0.0160.005

-0.0190.005

-0.0190.006

-0.o230.006

-0.0230.006

-0.0280.006

-0.0280.006

-0.028

HoleP7

0.9940.984

t.1941.184

r.5941.584

t.9941.9U

2.4942.484

2.9942984

3.9923.980

4.9924.980

5.9925.980

7.9977.976

9.99r9.976

11.989

tt.97l15.989t5.977

19.98619.965

?4.98624.965

29.98629.965

Shafth6

1.000

0.994

1..200

1,.r94

1.600

1.594

2.0007.994

2.5002.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005992

8.0007.99r

10.000

9.991

12.00011.989

16.00015.989

20.000t9.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

FÏt

0.000

-0.0160.000

-0.0160.000

-0.0160.000

-0.0160.000

-0.0160.000

-0.0160.000

-0.0200.000

-0.0200.000

-0.0200.000

-0.0240.000

-0.0240.000

-0.0290.000

-0.029

-0.001-0.035

-0.001-0.035

-0.001-0.035

Holes7

0.9860.976

1.186

T.I76

1.586

1..576

1.986

t.976

2.4862.476

2.9862.976

3.985

3.973

4.9854.973

5.9855.973

7.9837.968

9.983

9.968

tt.97917.967

15.97915.961

19.97319952

24.97324.952

29.97329.952

Shafth6

1.000

o.994

t.2w1.194

1.600

t.594

2.000r.994

2.5002.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.992

8.0007.991

10.0009.997

12.00011.989

16.00015.989

20.00019.987

25.00024.987

30.m029.987

trTr

-0.008-0.024

-0.008-0.024

-0.008-0.024

-0.008-0.024

-0.008-0.024-0.008-0.024

-0.007-o.027

-0.007-0.027

-0.007-0.027

-0.008-0.o32

-0.008-0.032

-0.010-0.039

-0.010-0.039

-0.014-0.048

-0.014-0.048

-0.014-0.048

09820.972

t.1827.172

1.582

1.572

r.9821.972

2.4822.472

2.9822.972

3.9813.969

4.98I4.969

5.981

5.969

7.9787.963

9.9789963

tr.97411.956

t5.97415.956

19.96719.946

24.96024.939

2996029.939

1.000

0.994

T.2NLr941.600

t.594

2.0001..994

25W2.494

3.0002.994

4.0003.992

5.0004.992

6.0005.992

8.0007.99r

10.000

9.991

12.00011.989

16.00015.989

20.00019.987

25.00024.987

30.00029.987

Fif

-0.0I2-0.028

-0.0t2-0.028

-0.012-0.028

-0.0r2-0.028

-0.012-0.028

-0.0r2-0.028

-0.011-0.031

-0.011-0.031

-0.011-0.031

-0.013-0.037

-0.013-0.037

-0.015-o.o44

-0.015-0.044

-0.020-0.054

-0.027-0.061

-0.027-0.061

i>3rd00'

8f{2<õ'q==,0c)2ø9¡ag.9oi0xe.lsrol

0aI'

õ'f0Jof0ao0aoo'nv,o

I

o From ANSI B4.Z-1978 (R1994). For description of preferred fits, see Täble 12.2

Dimensions are in millimeters.

BasicSize

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

MaxMin

40

50

60

80

100

120

160

200

250

300

400

500

HoleK7

99.975

120.010

119.975

160.0t2159.972

40.00039.984

50.00049.984

60.00059.981

80.00079.981

100.000

99.978

I FirI

| 0.023

I -0.018

0.023

-0.0180.028

-0.0210.028

-0.0210.032

-0.0250.032

-0.0250.037

-0.0280.042

-0.0330.042

-0.0330.048

-0.0360.053

-0.040 l

I

0.0s8 |

-0.04s I

79.961

99.990

HoleN7

Shafth6

79.97979.949

99.97699.941

119.9761r9.941

159.9721s9.932

799.967

199.921

249.967249.921

299.964

HoleP7I Fir

I

| 0.008

-0.0330.008

-0.0330.010

-0.0390.010

-0.0390.012

-0.0450.012

-0.0450.013

-0.0520.015

-0.0600.015

-0.0600.018

-0.0660.020

-0.0730.023

-0.080

80.00079.981

100.000

-0.002-0.051

-0.002-0.059

-0.002-0.059

-0.003-0.068

-0.004-0.079

-0.004-0.079

-0.004-0.088

-0.00s-0.098

-0.005-0.108

79.95279.922

99.94299.907

119.934119.899

HoleS7

120.000'tr9.978

r 60.0001s9.975

-0.078

-0.036-0.093

-0.044-0.101

-0.060-0.125-0.076-0.151

-0.094-0.169

-0.118

79.879

99.88999.854

119.869

119.834

r59.825

80.00079.98r

100.000

99.978

120.000119.978

Fir

-0.035-0.076

-0.045-0.086

-0.057-0.106

-0.072-0.12r-0.089-0.146

-0.109-0.166

-0.150-0.215

-0.190-0.265

-0.238-0.313

-0.298-0.382

-0.378-0.471-0.477-0.580

" From ANSI 84.2-1978

:*{

À

>!då8PJ*-1õ-q.00igøgItox,l

=,løa+a,ô

8;J=

=oõo.,oã.

5oloo-Jo0-fl

oo

I(R1 994). For description of preferred fits, see Thble I 2.2

a4O Appendix

l5 Screw Threqds, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond MetricAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD UNIFIED AND AMERICAN NATIONAL SCREWTHREADS"

" ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989. For 8-, 12-, and l6-pitch thread series, see next page.b Classes 7 A,2A,3 A, 78,28, 38,2, and 3.

' Classes 2y'.,28,2, and 3.d For approxim ate 75o/o full depth of thread. For decimal sizes of numbered and lettered drills, see Appendix 16.

NominalDismeter

0 (.060)

1 (.073)

2 (.086)

3 (.Oee)

4 (.1,12)

s (.r25)

6 (.138)

8 (.164)

10 (.1e0)

12 (.216)

!4

516

18'l16

12

9

l618

11

16

14

13

16

18

15

76

NominalDiameter

1

1*l

1å

1*a

1i

1*l

1å

t+1+

+

1;

1iå

tl2

^l¿¿

¡1L'

¡trL4

1lJ4

3+

.334

4

FinebNF

UNF

64

56

48

40

40

32

32

24

24

20

18

T6

t4

L3

12

11

10

9

TapDr¡[d

No.53

No.50

No.47

No.43

No.38

No.36

No.29

No.25

No.16

No.7

F-5

16

U2't64

31

64

71

32

27

32

4964

80

72

64

56

48

44

40

36

32

28

28

24

24

20

20

18

18

16

1.4

ThpDriltd

3

64

No.53

No.50

No.45

No.42

No.37

No.33

No.29

No.21

No.14

No.3

I

o2564

29

64

33

64

3764

11

16

13

16

32

32

32

32

28

28

24

24

24

20

20

20

20

TapDriild

No.13

732

932

11

32

l332

15

32

33

64

64

41

64

4564

4964

5364

5't64

Thds.pelInch

8

7

7

6

6

5

4i

4+

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

TapDdtld

18

63

64

tâ

1+J2

1+

t+ri¡lL-

.1L¿

.lL'

.3L-

Thds.pefInch

12

12

T2

72

12

TapDrilld

59o4

tà

l!@t

ü

1T

Thds.perInch

20

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

l8

18

61

64

1

1!g

t+o4

1*

1#

1*a

1*

1+

Ii

1*

1à

THREADS " (continued)

Appendix a4l

l5 Screw Threods, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric (continued)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD UNIFIED AND AMERICAN NATIONAL SCREW

NominalDiarneter

1

1+

1å

1*1

1å

1*Á

1å

116

1i

1*9

1å

¡ llrr6

1i

1+å

13

1ìå

2

" ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989.b Classes 2 A, 3 A, 2P. 3F., 2, and, 3." For approximaíe 75o/" full depth of thread.d Boldface type indicates Amrican National Threads only." Tbis is a standard size of the Unified or American National th¡eads of the coarse, fine, or extra fine series. See preceding page

ïhpDdll.

2¡1z16

)L-aa3¿16

¡lz1

¡5zt6a3LB

¡.L-lö.t2L16

al1¿1(l

1lLt6

alLE

¡3L16

.t!

)!-t6

.tr

¡7LIÃ

.lzõ

¡5¿Ê

o3L4

¡'lLB

J¡lJ8

3i

3å

alJz.5JS-

3i.1JE

4

4i

4+

4î

5

så

t2

9T6

r8

l116

l4

1316

1I516

a4a Appendix

l5 Screw Threods, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric (continued)prererred sizes ror *-#:;ï:"'"Tï#Tå:î?'ï*"*"

in bordrace rype

Flneze:h

t5l5

t5r5

Tap D¡iilDianreterrmm

a

lvrJ ^ u.5

M3.5 X 0.6NI4 X 0.7lvI4.5 x 0.75ùI5 X 0.8

2.52.93.33.754.2

tuÓX1M7X1M8 x 1.25M9 x 1.25M10 x l.sM11 x 1.5M72 x 1.75M14X2M16x2M18 X 2.5

5.06.06.87.758.5

M8X1

M10 x 1.2s

7.0

8.75

10.512.574.5165

9.5010.3072.0014.0015.50

Mt2x 1.25M14 X 1.5Mló x r.5Ml8 x 1.5

Nr¿lt x 2.5M22 X 25bNI24 x 3M27 X 3bM30 x 3.5

77.519.521.024.026.5

M20 x 1.5M22 x t5MVtx zNn7X2M3OX2

31.033.036.039.0420

18.520.522.025.028.0

MJJ X 3.5M36X 4M39x4M42X 4.5M4s x 4,5

M48X5M52X 5M56 X 5.5M60 x 5.5M64X 6

M68X6M72X 6M8OX6M9OX6M100 x 6

"ANSI/ASMF R

29.532.035.037.540.5

M3OX2Nt36 X 2M39 x2NI42X 2M45 x 1.5

43.047.050.554.5s8.0

MßX2M52x2M56 X2M60 x 1.5M64X 2

64.068.076.086.096.0

45.049.052.056.060.0

62.066.074.084.094.0

M68x2M72X2M8OX2Nr90 x 2M100 x 2

- l{I\JIiASME BI. 1 3M-l995.o Only for high strengrÀ sìrictural sleel fasreners.

Appendix a4g

16 Twist Drill sizes-Americqn Notionol stonctord qnd MetricAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD DRILL SIZES'

D fractions "," "*tÏ"ÍiüJå1,:H"i::.1"r;"tii in fi, increments, 1f" to 2î" ing,, incre-m nts, and 3" to 3t" in f;" increments. Driiis hrg-er tnän :f are seldom used, and arere

. ;'-:, .,;;,.:::.

ts6,,,L

2J

4)I5l

6l7lslel

10I11 I

t2 I

t3 I

t4 I

1sIt6 I

.2280

.2210

.2t30

.2090

.2055

.2040

.2070

.1990

.1960

.1935

.1910

.1890

.1850

.1820

.1800

.L770

.0350

.0330

.0320

.0310

.0292

.0280

.0260

.0250

.0240

.0225

.0210

.0200

.0180

.0160

.0145

.0135

.0130

.0L25

.0720

.0115

.0110

.0105

.0100

.0095

.0091

.0087

.0083

.0079

.0075

.ffi77

.0067

.0063.0059

T7

18

79

202t2223

2425

262728293037

32

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

6067

62

63

64

.0730

.0700

.0635

.059s

.0550

.0520

.0465

.0430

.0420

.0410

.0400 I rc

.0390 I 77

.0380 I 78

.0370 I zg

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

9'J.y2

93

94

95

96

97

.377

.386

.397

.404

.413

VwxYz

oRS

TU

.290

.295

.302

.3t6

.323

LMNoP

.261

.266

.272

.277

.281

GHIJK

.234

.238

.242

.246

.250

.257

ABcDEF

" ANSVASME 894.1 1M_1993.

-

l6 Twist Drill sizes-Americqn Notionol stondqrd qnd Mefric (continued)METRIC DRILL SIZES

Decimal_inch equivalents are for reference only.

Drill Diameter Drill Diamefer D¡ill Diameter Drlll Diamefer Drill Diameter Drill Diameter

0.400.420.4s0.480.500.s50.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.157.201.251.307.35r.401.451.501.551.601.65t.70r.751.801.8s

.0157

.0165

.0177

.0189

.01.97

.0217

.0236

.o256

.0276

.0295

.0315

.0335

.0354

.0374

.0394

.0413

.0433

.0453

.0472

.0492

.0512

.0531

.0551

.0571

.0591

1.952.002.052.102.L52.202.252.302.352.402.452.502.602.702.802.903.003.103.203.303.403.s03.603.703.803.904.004.t04.204.30

.0768

.0787

.0807

.0827

.0846

.0866

.088ó

.0906

.0925

.0945

.0965

.0984

.L024

.I063

.L102

.7I42

.1181

.1220

.1260

.L299

.1339

.7378

.7417

.I457

4.704.804.905.005.105.205.305.405.s05.60s.705.805.906.006.106.206.306.406.s06.606.706.806.907.007.107.207.307.407.507.60

.i850

.1890

.7929

.I969

.2008

.2047

.2087

.2126

.2165

.2205

.2244

.2283

.2323

.2362

.2402

.2441

.2480

.2520

.2559

.2598

.2638

.2677

.2717

.2756

.2795

.283s

8.00 I .¡rso 13.20 I .5797 25.s0 I 1.00398.10 I .¡rss 13.50 Ls:rs 26.00 | 1.02368.20 I .zzzs 13.80 I .sqss 26.s0 | 1.04338.30 I .tzos 14.00 I .sstz 27.00 I 1.06308.40 LzEot 14.2s I .s6ro 27.s0 | 1.08278.s0 I 3lqø 14.50 I .5709 28.00 | Lro248.60 I .¡sso 14.75 I .ssoz 28.50 | 1.12208.70 I .zqzs ls.oo I .ssoo 29.00 | 7.14178.80 I .s+as ts.25 I .0oo+ 29.50 I 7.16148.90 I .:so¿ 15.s0 I .ercz 30.00 | 1.18119.00 I .ss+z ts.7s I .ezot 30.s0 I 1.20089.10 I .¡ss¡ 16,00 I .øzss 31.00 | r.220s9.20 I .zazz 16.25 I .o:ss 3150 | t.2402

1.90

7.707.807.90

.2874

.2913

.2953

.2992

.3031

.3071

.3110

9.30 | .3661 16.s0 I .eqse 32.00 | L.2se89.40 I .stot 1.6.7s I .esgq 3250 | 1.279s9.s0 I .ztco 17.00 I .6693 33.00 I 1.2992e.60 I .¡zso r7.2s I .ent 33.50 | 1.31899.70 I .¡srs L7.50 I .osso 34.00 | r.:raoe.8o | .¡sss 18.00 I .toel 34.s0 I 1.3s839.90 I .¡as¡ 18,50 | .7283 3s.00 I r.:zso10.00 I .zgzt 19.00 I .tqso 35.s0 | r.397610.20 I .+0rc 19.s0 I .ten 36.00 | r.417310.50 | .4134 20.00 I .lvq 36.s0 I tnto10.80 I -.czsz 2050 I .¡ozr 37.00 I t,.qset11.00 I .qzst 27.00 I .szos 37.s0 | r.476471.20 I .u0g 2t.s0 I .s+os 38.00 | t.tsot11.50 I .qsza 22.00 I .se6r 40.00 I 1.574811.80 I .qaqe 2250 I .sass 42.00 I r.os¡s12.00 I .+tzq 23.00 I .goss 44.00 | 1.732312.20 I .¿so¡ 23.s0 I .szsz 46.00 | 1.811012.s0 I .qgzt 24.00 I .s+qs 48.00 I r.sass1250 I .so:s 24.s0 I .gaqø so.0o I 1.968s13.00 I .slrs 2s.oo I .ss+:

17 Acme Threods, Generol purposeo

.0610

.0630

.0650

.0669

.0689

.0709

.0728

.0748

4.404.504.60

.7496

.1535

.1575

.I614

.1654

.7693

.t732

.7772

.1811

ïhreadsper Inch

76

74

12

t2

10

8

Size

I4516

38

7T6

I2

58

ïhreadsper Inch

6

6

5

5

5

4

Il¡readsper Inch

4

4

4

3

3

Ihreadsper Inch

2

2

2

2

2

" ANSI/ASME B 1.s_1988 (R1 994)

l8 Bolls, Nuts, ond cop gç¡sv1¡s-squore ond Hexogon-Americon Notionol Stqndord ond Metric

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SQUAREAND HEXAGON BOLTS"AND NUTSbAND HEXAGON CAP SCREWS"

Boldface t¡pe indicates product features unified dimensionally with British and Canadian standards.All dimensions are in inches.

For thread series, minimum thread lengths, and bolt lengths.

Regular Bolfs Heavy Bolts

Height H

96J07

4

0

7

+

lj)z

lt

I

)

)

I

NominalSizeDBody

Dinmeúerof Bolt

I o.zsoo

f, osrzs

$ o.rzso

rto.ans

I osooo

fi o.sozs

f o.czso

t o.zsoo

J o.szso

1 1.000

lsl Lr25o

4 L2soo

4 ß7so

12! Lsooo

Le L7500

HexScrew(Ìln.)

1+

1å

1#1.!

13

516

25a15

35a

39a1116

25322',1

52

15t6

¡3Lñ

2 2.D000

212.2s00

4 25000

fi z.tsoo

3 3.0000

3i 3.2s003å 3.5000

313.7s00

4 4.0000

' ANSI 818.2.1-1981 (Rl992).b ANSUASME nrs.z.z.-tstí 1Rl993)." Hexagon cap screws and finished hexagon bolts are combined as a singre product.

B

1+

tir+

41#,;t.16

¡tr421

3å

3i3l4i

4;

ua7fr,!4

t9a

u32

nãI217&

436!4nø,Ðt2

Ir#

r#f,L#1*!

2a3¿16a5.16

4cll-16

532

ftat5g9i,

5t62Ãa1S&$32

35a

uú1116

25t2!t2

t5L6

a3Lj

Her7

16

!2

916

5t

34l:tß15t6

4¡5LTÁ

1,

1rr!

rr1l-16

¡!24

l5.E

3a3JEa3J¿

4t

4+

418

5L4

så

6

a46 Appendix

t I Bolfs, Nuts, ond Cop Screws-Squore ond Hexogon-Americon Notionql Stondord ond Metric (continued)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SQUARE AND HEXAGON BOLIS AND NUTSAND HEXAGON CAP SCREWS (continued)

See ANSI 818.2.2 for jam nuts, slotted nuts, thick nuts, thick slotted nuts, and castle nuts.

Heavy Nuts

Thickness T

I o.zsoo

*10.3125

I o.rzso

rt o.ntsI o.sooo

ft o.sszs

Hex.(Fitr )

1564

1964

2364

2764

31a3564

39u47a5564

ó3arâr+lrrE

tEr#Ln

r#

t#¡13L64

a29Lãa45¿a

¡61261

3+^7J16-

3ì*¡15J16

12

916

11

Gl4

7a8

151ß

1+"

tï^r+^

4"liå'ta

r!-a216

rfa.g¡9L16

?å

nl5¿Tã

3å

3i^1Jã

4i

4ã

5-1)É

si6å

0.6250

0.7500

0.8750

1 1.fin0

t1 L12so

4 Lzsoo

4 r¡zso1å Lsooo

tl L.62so

li 1.7soo

1å 1.S7s0

2 2.W0zl z.zsc0

zl z.swo21 2.7soo

3 3.0000

31 3.2soo

3å 3.5ooo

3i 3.7soo

4 4.0000

" Product feature not unified for heavy square nut.

l8 Bolls, Nuts, ond Cop Screws-squore ond Hexogon_Americon Notionql slqndord ond Metric (confinì¡ed)

METRIC HEXAGON BOLTS, HEXAGON CAP SCREWS,HEXAGoN STRUCTURAL BoLIS, AND HEXAGoN NuÍs

ThickneçT (max)

Appendix a47

Nut (Fin. or Unfin.)BodyDiaandThd

Pifch

M5 x 0.8M6X1M8 x 1,25M10 x 1.5

M72 x I.75M74x2M16 x2M20 x 2.5M24 x3M30 x 3.5M36x 4M42 x 4.5M48X5M56 x 5.5M64x6M72x 6

M8OX6M9OX6M100 x 6

Bolts," CapScrewqb and

Nutsc

8.0

10.0

13.0

16.0

18.0

21.024.030.036.046.O

55.06s.075.085.095.0

105.0

115.0

130.0

145.0

2r.024.027.034.0

41.050.060.0

Bolts(Unfin.)

3.884.385.686.85

7.959.25

I0.7513.40

15.90

19.75

23.55

27.0531.07

36.204L.3246.45

51.58

57.74

63.90

Cap Screw(Fln.)

3.654.475.506.63

7.769.09

70.32

12.88

15.44

19.48

23.3826.97

3L.07

36.2041.32

46.45

51.5857.74

63.90

Style 1

4.7

5.2

6.8

8.4

10.8

t2.814.8

18.0

21.5

25.6

:i:

Súyle 2

5.1

5.7

7.5

9.3

72.0

14.1

t6.420.3

23.928.634.7

Ml6 x2M20 x 2.5M22 x2.5M24 x3lvI27 x3M30 x 3.5M36X4

10.7513.4014.9

15.9

t7.979.75

23.55

27.O

34.036.04r.046.0

50.060.0

17.'t

20.723.624.227.631.736.6

" B1'8.2.3.sM-t979 ß1995),818.2 .3.6M-797s (R1995), B18.2 .3.7M-7s7s(R1995).o 818:slu_tg7s inroes¡.' 81,tz+rlr'_1979 (R1995i,818.2.4.2M_197s (Rt99s).

HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL HEXAGON BOLIS" (FIN.) AND HEXAGON NUTS"

a48 Appendix

19 Cop Screws, Sloltedo qnd Socket Heodb-Americon Notionol Stondord ond Metric

Y ï+E1fl,Uroro[gt.-lrt¡+uËF1¡4lLH-L-| -------,.1

0 (.060)

1 (.073)

2 (.086)

3 (.oee)

4 (.r12)

s (.12s)

6 (.138)

8 (.164)

10 (.1e0)1

4

-5

16

38776

1

2

91ó

58

3478

I-1rã

101

rft)

Flat Heaila Round Head" Fillister Head" Socket Headb

A

.500

.625

.750

.8r2

.875

1.000

1..125

7.375

t.625

1.875

2.062

2312

2.562

2.8t2

B

.437

.562

.67s

.750

.872

.937

1.000

r.250

c

.197

.245

.273

.328

.354

.409

.437

.546

E

.375

.437

.562

.625

.750

.8r2

.875

1.000

r.125

r.312

F

,172

.203

.250

.297

.328

.375

.422

.500

.594

.6s6

G

.096

.118

.140

.161

.183

.205

.226

.270

.312

.375

.469

.562

.656

.750

.938

7.r25

r.312

1.500

1.688

1.875

2.062

2.250

J

.05

7

T6

5a5a3

32

332

7ã9a532

316

I4

51ß

38

t8

;1

58

3434

18

7E

1

7

S

.054

.066

.077

.089

.101

.712

.124

.148

.r77

.225

.287

.331

.394

.450

.562

.675

.787

.900

t.0!2

t.125

7.237

1.3s0

" ANSI/ASME 818.6.2-1995.b ANSI/ASME 818.3-1986 (R1995). For hexagon-head screws, see Appendix 18.

Appendix a49\

19 Cop Screws, Stoltedo ond Sockef Heodb-Americon Nqtionol stondord ond Metric (continued)

COUNTERSUNK HEAD BUTTON HEAD

H=D

SOCKET HEAD

Mefric Sockef Head Cap Screws

" ANSVASME 818.3.4M-1 98ó (R1993).b ANSvASME 818.3.1M-r986 Ìnrss¡i.

L{qtt=stl* |

-l n |*-l-

M1.6 x 0.35M2 x 0.4M2.5 x 0.45M3 x 0.5M4 x 0.7M5 x 0.8M6X1M8 x 1.25M10 x 1.5

MIz x t.75MT4 X2M1.6 x2M20 x 2.5M24 x3M30 x 3.5M36X4M42x 4.5M48X5

CountersunkHead"

ButtonHead"

SockelHeadb

Hex SocketSize

A(max)

6.728.96

tI.273.44

17.92

22.426.8830.24

33.619.67

H

1.86

2.483.1

3.724.966.2

7.448.r28.8

10.16

s

0.25

0.45

0.66

0.7

7.16

7.62

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.2

B

5.t07.6

9.5

10.5

14.0

77.5

2r.0

28.0

s

0.380.380.5

0.80.8

0.8

0.8

1.5

G

0.2

0.3

0.38

0.741.05

I.45r.63

2.2s

C

3.03.8

4.5

5.5

7.0

8.5

10.0

13.0

16.0

18.0

21.024.030.036.045.054.0

63.O

72.0

s

0.760.2

0.25

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.81.0

1..2

L41.6

2.02.43.0

3.64.2

4.8

J

1.5

1.5

2.02.5

3.04.05.06.08.0

10.0

12.0

1.4.O

17.0

19.0

22.027.032.036.0

a5Q Appendix

20 Mochine Screws-Americqn Nolionol Slondord ond Metric

ROUND HEAD

SÏYLES OF CROSS RECESSES(SIMILAR oN ALL MACH

SCREWS EXCEPT HEXAGoN)

CROWN ONRECESSEDPAN HLAD HÉXAGON HEAD IOO" FLAT HEAD

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD MACHINE SCREWS"

screws 2" long and shorter, the threads extend to within two threads of the head and closer ifws have minimum thread length of 1i".are regularly made with plain sheared ends, not chamfered'

Threads:Either Coarse or Fine Thread Series, Class 2 fit.Recessed Heads: Two styles of cross recesses are available on all screws except hexagon head.

NominalSize

0T

2

3

4

5

6

8

10t2

I45l63811ó

I29ló5I34

NomiúslSize

MaxDi¡mefer

D

0.0600.0730.0860.0990.1,12

0.1250.1380.1640.1900.216

0.2500.37250.3'7s0.4375

0.5000.562s0.6250.750

MaxDiamefer

D

0.0860.0990.L12

o.1250.1380.1,64

0.1900.2160.2500.31250.375

.4375

.500

.5625

.625

.750

Round HeadFillisterHead Thuss Head

H

0.0370.0450.0530.0610.0ó9

0.0780.0860.t020.1180.134

0.1500.1830.2150.248

0.2800.3120.3450.410

0.2790.332

0.385

0.5070.6350.762

Slotvvidfh

A0.1130.1380.1,62

0.1870.21.1.

0.2360.2600.3090.3590.408

0.4720.5900.7080.750

0.8130.9381.000'1,.250

B

0.0530.0610.0690.0780.086

0.0950.1030.1200.1370.153

0.r750.2160.2560.328

0.3550.4100.4380.547

c0.1190.1460.1720.r990.225

0.2520.2790.3320.3850.438

0.5070.635o.7620.812

0.8751.000L.1251.375

E

0.0350.0430.0510.0590.067

0.0750.0830.1000.1160.132

0.1530.1910.2300.223

0.2230.2600.298o.3'12

F

0.0960.1180.1400.1610.183

0.2050.2260.2700.3130.357

0.4t40.5180.6220.625

0.7500.8120.8751.000

G

0.0450.0530.0620.0700.079

0.0880.0960.1130.1300.148

0.1700.211,0.2530.265

K

0.1310.1640.L940.2260.257

0.2890.32t0.3840.4480.511

0.5730.6980.8230.948

1.0731.1987.3237.5't3

R

0.0870.1070.1290.1510.169

0.1910.2710.2540.2830.336

0.3750.45'70.5380.619

0.7010.7830.8631.024

J

0.0230.0260.0310.0350.039

0.0430.0480.0540.0600.067

0.0750.0840.0940.094

0.1060.1180.1330.149

Slotwidrh

0.0430.0480.054

0.0600.0670.0750.0840.094

.094

.106

.118

.733

.749

029703360 37s0Mt

Pan He¡d1fi)o Flat

He¡d

23

4

5

68

10t2

II_tt63¡.Lt612

_1t6I8l

M

0.1810.2080.235

0.2630.2900.344

0.3990.4540.5130.6410.769

N

0.0500.0590.068

0.0780.0870.105

0.7230.1410.165o.209

o0.0180.0220.025

0.0290.0320.039

0.0450.0520.0610.0770.094

P

0.1670.1930.219

0.2450.2700.322

0.3730.4250.4920.ó150.740

.865

.9871.041t.t721.435

a0.0530.0600.068

0.0750.0820.096

0.1100.1250.7440.1780.212

.247

.231

.315

.350

.419

s

0.0620.0710.080

0.0890.0970.115

0.1330.1510.r750.2180.261

.305

.348

.391

.434

.521,

T

0.1250.1870.187

0.1870.2500.250

0.3120.3r20.3750.500

U

0.0500.0550.060

0.0700.0800.110

0.1200.1550.1900.2300.295

0.0600.072

0.083

0.1100.1380.165

J

0 0310 0350 039

Appendix aSl

20 Mochine Screws-Americon Nolionol Stondord ond Metric (continued)METRICMACHINE SCREWS

Length of Thread: On screws 36 mm long or shorter, the threads extend to within one thread of the head: on longer screws thethread extends to within two threads of the head.

Points: Machine screws are regularly made with sheared ends, not chamfered.Threads: Coarse (general purpose) threads series are given.Recessed Heads; Two styles of cross-recesses are available on all screws except hexagon head.

â Metric Fasteners Standard. IFI-513(1982).bPH : recommended lengths for oniy paá and hex head metric screws.

A : recommended lengths for all metric screw head-styles.

Flat Heads& Oval Head Pan Heads HexHead

Slotwidrh

C

3.5

4.4

E

r.21.5

P

4.05.0

ar.31.5

s

t.62.r

T

3.2

4.0

U

1,.6

2.1

J

0.7

0.8

M3 x 0.5

M3.5 x 0.63.03.5

5.26.9

L.7

2.35.6

7.01.8

2.72.4

2.65.05.5

2.3

2.61.0

r.2M4 x 0.7M5 x 0.8

4.05.0

8.08.9

2.72.7

8.0

9.52.43.0

3.L

3.77.0

8.03.03.8

1.5

1.5

M6X1M8 x 1.25

6.0

8.010.975.I4

J.J

4.612.0

16.03.6

4.84.6

6.010.013.0

4.7

6.01.92.3

M10 x 1.5

tr/.f12x I.7510.0

L2.O

I78 50 20.0 60 75 15.0

18.01.5

9.028

Metric Macåine Scew Lengúhs-Lb

2.5

PH

3

A

4

A

5

A

6

A

E

A

10

A

l:t

A

t6

A

nA

2s | 30 | 3s | 40 | 4sls0 lss | 60 I 6s I 70 I s0l e0

M2.5 x 0.45 PH A A A A A A A A A Min.Thd Length-28 mmM3 x 0.5 PH A A A A A A A A Y .L/M3.5 x 0.6 PH A A A A A A A Y

^Min.Thd Length-38 mm

10/44x0.7 PH A A A A A A A A A AM5 x 0.8 PH A A A A A A A A A A

,,A

'l/M6X1 A A A A A A A A A A ,A K) t'M8 x 1.25 A A A A A A A A A /bx/?/TX..ßM10 x 1.5 A A A A A A A A ,9V/zÇ4,,'V///z'Ø,'VxI0/{lz x t.75 A A A A A A A

IT

a52 Appendix

21 Keys-Squore, Flot, P|oin Tcrper,o ond Gib Heod

El-,*l

ShaftDinmeters

SquareStockKey

Flat StockKey

Gib HeadTaper Súock Key

Square Flat

Height LcngthHeight

úo

ChamferHeighf Length

Heighfto

Chamfer

D

trtotå to3

*Þ to 1]

tfr to rf;

rl6totltfttozlzf6tozlzl totl:f; to:01

ll to+\+l toslsf toe

W=HI8

3G14

5t6

3ã

12

58

l4

7ã

I1å

ti

WXH1.,38^¡z-1 v 1t6,.8å't5 ., I16^ 4

åxäl ,3tr(EåxtJ., I4 ^1

3xåtx 1

tåx3råx I

cL45

T6

7t6916

1116

18

1*1

Li

t,li2oLL2

F

'1

ñ.9

32

ll32

l332

1532

t932

2332

?8

1

Í+1+

Li

E

532

7Ðlt32

t332

1532

iI14

78

1

1+-1416

t3L4

C

316

1

4516

l8

7lb5E

I4

1I

1+

tiÉtl

F

1I316

I4

5l6

38-

12

58

14

'l8-

1

lit)

E

II5

32

3T6

I4

5TÃ

716

I2

58

I4

13ß1.

1

" Plain taper square and flat keys have the same dimensions as the plain parallel stock keys, with the addition of the taper on top. Gib headtaper square and flat keys have the same dimensions as the plain taper keys, witb the addition of the gib head.

Stock lengths for plain taper and gib head taper keys: The minimum stock length equals 4W, and the maximum equals 1óW. The incre-ments of increase of length equal 2W.

22 Screw Threods,o Squore crnd Acme

Size

387l61

29765834

Th¡eadsper Inch

t210

10

8

8

6

Thre¡dsper Inch

5

5

4

4

J

'¡L4

Threadsper Inch

¡LL2

2

2,)

Èr1L2

Ihreadsper InchSize

2o1L4

olL2

¡1L4

J

^1J4

Size

3i.3)4

4

4i4,

over 4)

1å

11

1å

1å

1

1

' See Appendix 17 for General-Purpose Acme Threads.

Appendix asá

23 Woodruff Keyso-4mer¡con Notionol Stondord

Nominal Sizes

1iERS]7r

Ëo

Nomin¿l $¿eg

tltot1

810811

8r2

tl

KeyNo.b

204

304

305

404

405

KeyNo.b

808

809

810

811

812

1008

1009

1010

1011

10L2

t2l0L2IT

r2l2

c

.438

.484

.547

.594

.647

.438

.484

.547

.594

.641

.547

.s94

.&l

406

505

506

s07

606

607

608

609

807

" ANSI 817.2-1967 (Rl990).

,#:l"ll*Pl:,:".*:::::---:l*tjlys:lfre last.two digirs give the nominal diamerer B in eighths of an inch, and rhe digits beforethe last two give the nominal widttrA in thirty-seconds of an inðh.

24 woodruff Key Sizes for Different shqft Diomeferso

hø12

304305

tf,totß807

808809

ltolt606607

608609

låo15t6

50s506507

*to34

4M.105

406

{f to

2ä

1011

1012

zrtto2t

Lztlt2r2

åxååxå5 .. 5-r\ g=

t"?5vZ32'. 8

3-316"4

tx ã

*"t*"tåå"3

3u3gL

l63aI

16

1

16

I16

I16

Iß1

16

1

t61

16

564

1

16

F

1n3

64

3u1

76

ITE

1

t65ã564564

332

332

332

3T!8

G

5&3t7

64

764

1ð

I8-

964

964

9@5

32

532

532

11a3

16

H

.194

.194

.240

.194

.240

.303

.240

.303

.365

.303

.365

.428

.47s

.365

D

.1718

.L56I

.2031.

.I405

.1875

.2505

.t719

.2349

.2969

.2793

.28L3

.3443

.3903

.25cÐ

c

.203

.203

.2s0

.203

.250

.313

.250

.313

.375

.3r3

.375

.438

.484

.37s

AXB

IxtåxtåIxtIIttåIxtitxt*5ttå*5ttå*lxt3t, tl

3xtååxtå3xrå

1

16

564

5a3t7aI

¡65

64

5û3

32

764

5a3

32

1a

1

II8

!8

t8

!8

532

532

532

532

532

316

316

3l6

3t613aT364

1Ð.I5a7

32

1564

15a8

Ð.1'l64

17ø9

32

19G

H

.48

.475

.s37

.584

.63r

.428

.475

.s37

.584

.631

.537

.584

.631

D

.3130

.3590

.4220

.4690

.5160

.28L8

.3278

,3908

.4378

.48/,8

.3595

.406s

.4535

a Suggested s¿es; not standard.

'1I

a54 Appendix

25 Prolt ond Whitney Round-End Keys

L"

I21

2

Ia

58

58

58

341

4

34

8'lI78

1I

1

I1

I

1å

1å

1å

1å

ú1å

1i

Iili

LE

1Ê

1t1å

litit+

tit1

ti2

2

2

2

cLL4

¡1¿7

¡1¿4

¡L

.tLL2

cLL2

oL4?¿

J

J

3

3

3

t4

516

I8

1

45

16

I8

I4

5t63.8

316

I4

51ó

3.8

L4

516

38

1t6

516

l8

7L6

12

l8

7GI2

91-6

58

KLYS MADE. WN-H ROUNDLNDS AND KEYWAYS CUTIN SPLINL MILLER

Maximum length of slot is 4" * W. Note that key is sunk two-thirds into shaft in all cases.

I(ey No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

tt12

A

13

14

15

B

t6t718

c19

20

27

D

E

\il or I)1

t63

32

II3

32

I8

532

II5

32

3L6

532

316

732

1

4

316

'1

32

1

4

576

3t6'ì

32

14

5t6

3t6't

32

1

4

516

38

KeyNo.

22

23

F

24

25

G

51

52

53

26

n28

29

54

55

56

57

IV or I)

58

59

60

67

30

31

32

33

34

" The length L may vary from the table, but equals at least 2W.

26 Woshers,o plq¡¡-Americon Notionol Stondord

NominalWasher Size"

Inside Diameter Outside Di¡meter

Appendix a55

Nominal Ihickness

de

R.

PREFERRED SIZES OF TYPE A PLAIN WASHERSb

Jl6

No.12!I4

¿l65

16

I8

I8I

Ll6!2

_l2

!t69

Nå. oNo.8No.10

...0.1380.1640.190

0.188o.2160.2s0 N0.250 w0.312 N0.312 w0.375 N0.375 W0.438 N0.438 W0.500 N0.500 w0.562 N0.s62 w0.625 N0.625 W0,750 N0.750 w0.875 N0.875 W1.000 N1.000 w1.125 NL.t25 W1.250 Nr.250 w7.37s N1.375 W1.500 N1.500 w7.625

1.7501.8752.0002.2502.5002.7503.000

c0.0200.0200.0320.0490.0490.049

0.0490.0650.0650.0650.0650.083

0.0650.0830.06s0.0830.0950.109

0.0950.1090.0950.I340.7340.148

0.7340.1650.7340.1650.1340.165

0.1650.1650.1650.1800.1650.1800.180

0.1800.1800.180o.2200.2380.259o.2ß4

A

0.078o.0940.1250.1s60.1880.279

0.2500.2500.2810.3r20.3M0.375

0.4060.438o.4690.5000.5310.562

0.5940.6250.6560.6880.8720.812

0.9380.9381.0621.0627.2507.250

7.3757.3751.5001.5007.62s7.6251;750

1.8752.W2.7252.3752.6252.8753.125

B

0.1880.2500.3I20.3750.4380.500

0.56205620.6250.7340.6880.875

0.8121.0000.9221.2507.0627.375

1.1561.469I.3L21.750L4692.000

t.7502.2502.0002.5002.2502.750

2.5003.0002.7503.2503.0003.5003.750

4.0004.2504.5004.7505.000s.2505.s00

1å

1å

1È

1Ë

1iri1Ê

E13

21t

atq13L¿

J

i Ë:*::*l t^?}:W (Rr.e8 I ). For compte te I i s ri ngs, see the s randard.' ' from series previously designated.,stalrom-senes previously designated "Standard Plate" and "SAE." Where common sizes existed in the. - "N" (narrow) and the Standard plate,.W" (wide).

d fo¡ use with comparable nominal screw or bòlt sizes.

a56 Appendix

27 Woshers,o Lock-Americon Notionol Slondord

For parts lists, etc., give nominal size and series; for example,j neculen LocKV/ASHER PREFERRED SERIES

InsideDiameter,

Min.

0.088

0.101

0.115

0.r28

0.141

0.168

0.r94

0.227

0.255

0.318

0.382

0.446

0.509

0.572

0.636

0.700

0.763

0.826

0.890

0.954

I.OI7

1.080

r1441.208

7.27t

t.334

1.398

1.462

7.525

No.

No.

No.

No.

1

1+

1å

1tút+1Ê

r+ß

t+

0.086

0.099

0.'t12

0.125

0.138

0.1.64

0.190

o.216

0.250

0.372

0.375

0.438

0.500

0.562

0.625

0.688

0.750

0.812

0.875

0.938

1.000

1.062

1.125

1.188

1..250

t.312

t.375

1.438

1.500

2

J

4

5

No. 6

No. 8

No.10

No.12

14516

1I7

161

29

T6

5al1163413167õ'15

16

Regular Extra Hi-Collar

OutsideDiameter,

Max.

0.172

0.195

0.209

0.236

0.250

0.293

o.334

0.37'7

0.489

0.586

0.683

0.t79

0.873

0.971

1.079

7.t76

t.271

r.367

1.464

1.560

t.661

r.756

1.853

1.950

2.045

2.141

2.239

2.334

2.430

0.020

0.025

0.025

0.031

0.031

0.040

0.047

0.056

0.062

0.078

0.094

0.109

0.125

O.I4L

0.156

0.172

0.188

0.203

0.2r9

o.234

0.250

0.266

0.287

o.297

0.3t2

0328

0.344

0.359

0.375

Thick-ness,Min.

OutsideDiameúer,

Max.

0.208

o.239

0.253

0.300

0.3r4

0.37s

0.434

0.497

0.535

0.622

0.741.

0.839

0.939

1.041

I.157

7.258

T.367

t.463

1.576

1.688

1.799

1.910

2.O19

2.724

2.23r

2.335

2.439

2.540

2.638

0.027

0.034

0.034

0.045

0.045

0.057

0.068

0.080

0.084

0.108

0.123

0.143

0.162

0.782

0.202

0.22r

0.241

0.261

0.285

0.308

0.330

0.352

0.375

0.396

0.417

0.438

0.458

0.478

0.496

0.773

o.202

0.216

0.267

0.294

0.365

0.460

0.553

0.647

o.737

o.923

r.irt

1.296

t.qaz

7.669

1"799

2.041

z,.t)o

Thick-ness,

Min.

0.022

0.030

0.030

0.047

0.047

0.078

0.093

0.125

0.140

0.r72

o.203

oizìs

0.234

ol,.rro

0.313

o.¡is

0.375

ois)s

'From ANSI/ASME 818.21.1-1994. For complete listing, see the standard.bNominal washer sizes are intended for use with comparable nominal screw or bolt sizes.

T

28 Wire Goge Slcrndordso

Dimensions of sizes in decimal parts of an inch. b

No.of

lYire InperialVYi¡e

7-{'s6-O's5-{'s4-0's00000

01

234

No.of

Vïire

6789

7{'s6-{'s5-0's4-{'s0000001

2J46789

10111273I415r6T7

187920212223242526272829303132JJ34353637383940

.657354

.580049

.516549

.460

.40964

.3648

.32486

.2893

.25763

.22942

.2043I

.16202

.74428

.r2849

.1r443

.10189

.090742

.080808

.07t961

.064084

.057068

.05082

.045257

.040303

.03589

.031961

.028462

.025347

.022571

.u01

.0779

.01594

.074195

.072641

.011257

.010025

.008928

.00795

.00708

.006304

.005614

.005

.004453

.00396s

.003531

.003t44

;ôô.454.425.380.340.300.284.259.238.203.180.165.148.734.120.109.09s.083.072.065.058.049.042.035.o32.o28.025.022.020.018.016.ot4.013.012.010.009.008.007.005.004

.4900

.461.5

.4305

.3938

.3625

.3310

.3065

.2830

.2625

.2437

.2253

.1920

.7770

.1620

.1.483

.1350

.1205

.1055

.0915

.0800

.0720

.0625

.0540

.0475

.0410

.0348

.0317

.0286

.0258

.0230

.0204

.0181

.0173

.0162

.0150

.0140

.0132

.0128

.0118

.0104

.009s

.0090

.0085

.0080

.0075

.0070

.ooq

.00s

.006

.o07

.008

.009

.010

.011

.0r2

.013

.016

.018

.020

.022

.024

.026

.029

.031

.033

.035

.037

.039

.04r

.043

.045

.047

.049

.051

.055

.059

.063

.067

.071

.075

.080

.085

.090

.095

.s00

.464

.432

.400

.372

.348

.324

.300

.276

.252

.232

.792

.176

.160

.744

.I28

.IL6

.704

.092

.080

.072

.064

.056

.048

.040

.036

.032

.028

.024

.022

.020

.018

.0164

.0149

.0136

.0124

.0116

.0108

.0100

.0092

.0084

.0076

.0068

.0060

.0052

.0048

....227.2r9.212.207.201.I99.797.L94.191.188.185.182.180.778.I75.172.168.164.161.7s7.1s5.153.i5i.148.146.143.r39.1.34

.127

.120

.115

.1.72

.110

.108

.106

.103

.101

.099

.097

.2391

.2242

.1943

.1793

.7644

.7495

.1.345

.1796

.1046

.0897

.0747

.0763

.0598

.0538

.0478

.0418

.0359

.0329

.0299

.0269

.0239

.0209

.0119

.0164

.0149

.0135

.0720

.0105

.0097

.0090

.0082

.007s

.0067

.0064

.0060

1011

727314151677181920212223242526a1

28293031.

32J.'3435363t383940

' Courtesy Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co.b ¡,iow u:_eA by steel manufacturèrs in place of old U.S. Standard Gage.'The difference betrveen the Stubs' Iron Wire Cue" ãnd the Stubs, Str;#Ëfitifff.#""Häffij5i,"*;jj;l}¡:::1.e,:,.ï1j1._r,1":lr!"":tyll" Gaqe shourd be. nored, the rirst being commonry knorvn as:i"""ïirJ:'b":åïliilÍ.y|i;î;lirmingham c"g.,'íÀi.üã".'g;;;.h."sil,i;.;ifiJä:ï"iã i,iiiïlää,i'riÏ5r"i''i[?if;.,Hi:l#steel wíre o¡ drill rods of Stubs' makel

I

l--.rr",ìxIl

N€

o'o0

3f6

0

I

3o=,o0

z0=0a9.Ø0ao0o

TAPER .25 PER FT

To find small diameter of pin, multiply the length by .02083 and subtract the result from the larger diameter'^ All dimensions are given in inches.

Standard reamers are available for pins given above the heavy line.

" ANSI/ASME B1g.g.2-1994. For Nos. 9 and 10, see the standard. pins Nos. l1 (size .8600), 12 (size 1.032),13 (size 1.241),and 14 (size 1.523) are special sizes;hence their

lengths are special.b Sriggested iizes;not American National Standard'

Nrrml¡cr 710 6/0 5/0 4g y0 u0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I

Sizelf,nrse Endl .0625 .07E0 .(D¿10 .1090 .1250 .1410 .1560 .1720 .1930 .21W .2500 .2890 3410 .4(D0 .4920

Shaft Diameter(Approx)b

732

14

51ó

38

7i6

I2

916

58

I4

l316

7I t *^ r+

Drill SizelBefore Reamer)b .0312 .03x2 .0625 .0625 .0781 .0!r38 .0938 .tú4 ;t2,50 .lj¿50 .1562 .1562 .2188 .2W .3125

Length L

.250

.375

.s00

.625

.750

.875

i.0001.2501.500

1.750

2.0002.2502.5002.7503.0003.2503.s003.7s04.0004.2504.500

XXXXXXXXX

X

XXX

X

XXXXX

X

XXXXXX

XX

XXX

xX

XX

XXXX

XXXXX

XXXXXX

XXXXXXX

XXXXXY

XXXXXXXX

X

XXX

XXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XX

XXX

XXXX

XX

X

XXXXXXX

XX

X

XX

XXXXXX

XXXXXXXXX

XXXXX

X

XXXXXXXXX

XXXXXX

TI

Appendix a59

30 Colter p¡nso-Americon Notionol Stondord

PFIEFERRED PO¡NT TYPES

All dimensions are given in inches.

Nominal Sizeot

Pin Diameúer

7

323

647

16

564

327

647

89&5

323167

321

45

16

387t61

25834

" ANSUASME 818.8.1_1994.

Extended ProngLength Min.

.01

.02

,03

.04

.04

.05

.06

.06

.07

.09

.10

.11

.14

.t6

.20

.23

.30

.36

Hole Size¡Recommended

.M7

.062

.078

.094

.109

.125

.I4t

.156

.r72

.203

.234

.266

.312

.375

.438

.500

.625

.750

.031

.u7

.062

.078

.094

.109

.t25

.14L

.r56

.188

.279

.250

.312

.375

.438

.500

.625

.750

I)iameter A

OufsideEye

I)iameterB

M¡n.

.06

.09

.L2

.16

.I9)')

.25

.28

.31

.38

.44

.50

.62

.75

.88

1.00

t.25

1.50

7É

!

É

!J

t)

(

t){1D

nСOaa

Max.

.032

.048

.060

.076

.090

.r04

.120

.134

.150

.176

.207

.225

.280

.335

.406

.473

.598

.723

Min.

.028

.044

.056

.072

.086

.100

.716

.130

.146

.172

.202

.220

.275

.329

.400

.467

.590

.775

aC¡O Appendix

3l Melric Equivolents

Length

Metric to U.S.U.S. to Metric

inch = 2.540 centimetersfoot : .305 meteryard = .914 metermile = 1.609 kilometers

millimeter : .039 inchcentimeter : .394 inchmeter : 3.281feet or 1.094 yards

kilometer : .62I mile

Area

1 inch2 : 6.41lcentimeter21 foot2 : .093 meter2

1.yardz : .836meter2I acrez : 4,046.873 meterz

1 millimeter2 : .00155 inch2

1 centimeter2 : .155 inch2

7 meferz : 10.764 foot2 or 7.796 yardz

1 kilometer2 : .386 mile2 or 247.04 acte2

lglr¡me

1inch3 : 16.387 centimeter31 foot3 : .028 meter31yard3 : .764meler3L quart : 0.946 liter

I centimeter3 : .061 ioch3

L meter3 :35.31'4foot3 or 1.308 yard3

1 liter = .2642 gallons1 liter = 1.057 quarts1 meter3 :264.02 gallonst gãtton : .003785 meter3

1 ounce :28.349 grams1 pound : .454 kilogram1 ton : .907 metric ton

1 gram: .035 ounce

1 kilogram :2.205 Pounds1 met¡ic ton : 1.102 tons

Velocity

1 foolsecond : .305 meter/second1 mile/hour : .447 melerlsecond

l- meter/secon d : 3.287 feetlsecond

L kilometer/hour: .62! mile/second

Acceleration

1 inch,/second2 :1 fooUsecond2 :

.0254 meterlsecond2

.305 meter/secondz

1 meter/secon dz : 3.2i1 8 feet/second2

Force

N (newton) : basic unit of force, kg-m/s'. A mass of one kilogram (1 kg) exerts a gravitational

force of 9.8 N (theoretically 9.80665 N) at mean sea level'

Appendix aGt

32 Welding Symbols ond processes_Americon Welding Society Slondordo

;w rL

srñrsÊ | Fdbr Plwd$t

SFr qPÞi.dþñ sø SaaD

Blck orô.*h9 Sdreng Fbng.

CodtF¡ngtEdgD

AæwÈr4 l# ./T Æt-J a9-f ìf

ûÞr* ¡\ _o-/ud

Ê-Norud

\JI

Sorh Str¡ -'+ NotUd

Notud Ud

Norud Notud Not

Ud UT Ud

r OrÐ. Sú;EnrlqM Url U..d Ud .= Not

Ueó ud NotuÊ UE

GfmvêSAFE hcl U J

I þdtdt-ã] B'uø&nr

¿ ,/=-Orh

\.-ll--J-r \r-- -'.,52-

aôh¡

,hr hUE uø

Supdementary Symbols Location ot Elements ol a Welding Symbola[aqSFr

Frñrah aFFt

Græs FE ¡,:.

DÞlñ ol Þnt. ¡rro of¡t.ñ9ñ td Ð^¡h *¡

Îail tñdd

affischg

pnl

)

Fbh

,È

_v

/s rE,Ftæ Y- Ê v

Basic Jointsldenlif¡cåtion of Arrow S¡cle and Other Side Jcint

qÞr Sú

€Sbr P6¡Aùcvttfr!

sr

maaa p?€aa a*drtøa ¡ia bblælldiñtÞb[of tÞËEryatù|. nlaraÞ [ mø toTa* 1, O.¡fmM ot w&ñ9.d a¡E Plø¡Fa by hñn,ol ANSrrAffi 42..92

AMWo¡dñ!Sdy650 }{ W. L.l.n hd., P O Eo¡ gStOaO

M¡d FEú gilSti

" ANSI/AWS A2.4_93.

a62 Appendix ,

92 Welding SYmbols ond Processes-AmericonWeldingsocietyStondordo(continued)

L ,.nn,n )",'-"n,"

Pltch (d¡stEn€b€twr€n c€nl€.s)ol lncremonls 7

st."/0ength ol leg) \ ..nn,n o,

- incrgmentsOm¡sa¡on ol length lndl€tes thatwâld axtonds b€twgsn aÞrupt cnangea¡n dir6ction or as dlmenslon€d

Eack¡ngweld

lstO€pth of llll¡ng ¡n incheslo-árssnn ¡ndi¿åt€s lllling is complel6)

wøld size ¿'Arrow Potnts towaldmemb€f lo b€ ÞrePateó

Ë(3,lo

wenJsrz€

\ *",0 ",.'

Badius\-J3/64 +l/16 I I

trre \rWeld /./ \ X"ignt above po¡ntgtze¿ ol langency

lnd¡cates @mplele loint p€n€trationregardlsss of tYP6 ol weldor io¡nt PreParahon

near€st alrow

2nd opêraton

3rd opsralþn

Flash or Uos€t Welding SYmbol

'R' lndi€tes back¡ngremoved aftgr weld¡ng

*"ä"*"*;",/

Z\w|t mbo

n1, u. .hon ukis.The only complete and official presentation of weldin8 sYmbols is in Æ'4

T

I

I

Appendix a63

32 Welding Symbols ond processes_Americon werding society stondordo (conrinued)

MASTER CHABT OF WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES

a64 Appendix

33 Topogrophic Symbots

Highway

Railroad

Highway Bridge

Railroad Bridge

Drawbridges

Suspension Bridge

Dam

Telegraph orTelephone Line

Powe¡-Transmission Line

f ¡.¡:Ñ Buildings in GeneralDl .

ABMX

t?32

o

+

-:'¿__)Jf,F.f;1'E=¡¡iJjsEÈ¡i-=ãæ

ùle-ùl¿ dz,,,,, {a"Na-e.$e:d4

ée.jB¿lsó o g e€0€€o€909 oo

v\1r¿t

-\l-

t_

-***

National or State Line

County Line

Township or District Line

City or Village Line

Triangulation Station

Benchmark and Elevation

Any Location Station(wrrn nxeLeueronv tore)

Streams in General

Lake o¡ Pond

Falls and Rapids

Contours

Hachures

Sand and Sand Dunes

Marsh

Woodland of Any Kind

Orchard

Grassland in General

Cultivated Fields

Commercial or Municipal Field

Airplane Landing FieldMarked or Emergency

Mooring Mast

Airway Light Beacon(ennows wotcerr couRsE Lrcurs)

Auxiliary Airway Light Beacon,Flashing

@o

Capital

County Seat

Other Towns

Barbed Wire Fence

Smooth wire fence

Hedge

Oil or Gas Wells

Windmill

Tanks

Canal o¡ Ditch

Canal Lock

Canal Lock(lonr ursrnrnlr)

Aquaduct or Vy'ater Pipe

þX_X-X-X-X

ús sE9

ooooo

õØ..i.. ø

"ANSI/AWS A3.O_94.

It should be understood that these cnarrs are lrlteuuçu u'rJ où ùuvv

ApDend¡x a65

34 Piping Symbols-Americon Nofionol Sfondord

1. Joint

2. Elbow-90"

3. Elbow---45"

4. Elbow-Tùrned Up

5. Elbow-Ti¡rned Down

6. Elbow-Long Radius

7. Reducing Elbow

8. TÞe

9. TÞe-Outlet Up

10. Tee-Outlet Down

11. Side OutletTþe-Outlet Up

12. Cross

13. Reducer-Concentric

14. Reducer-Eccentric

15. Lateral

16. Gate Valve-Elev.

17. Globe Valve-Elev.

18. Check Valve

19. Stop Cock

20. Safety Valve

21. Expansion Joint

22. Union

23. Sleeve

24. Bushing

ANSr/ASME Y32.2.3 -79 49 (R1 994).

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

¡II

I

I

I

I

i

I

iI

I

I

I

I

j

ti

ll

ll

ilI

FLAN6ED SCREWED ]ELL &SPI6OT WELDED SOLDERED

-+t- -+- + -++- -+,1F+ {

*ìJ. r-x

+ I ( { (

ol+- OF O+- Ox- roll- o1- Oi- ox- r+<l sAI

1lf

?,

*-tJ-

ilTilIlrl {/

+l-+ >k+q- .f"+eJr +eF Ðe€ +ox- *O*.ll-e+ +el- Ð-e€ +ex. *-o*

-_t_

+örI

r-0rü

)Ö<=t-Jtl{-+

I

+++-1-

u,,

Ð+ed.,

*+-l-.-

)k

l>+f #- J>)- +Þx- .Þ-JSrl- ÈF à> +ÈÐ<_ -å€_

rÓr lr !>\ e

+<1- -++- _><-_ -)Þ<x- æ#l- -----Ð.{- ->.<_ -+Þ¡<ê æ--'ll-t+- -r\Ê- -Ð{-\Þe S:þ--+ütl- _-JÜF +üe- -xÜÞe +Üp-

+J<- *- +d4' +-+=+- -+ æF -*---lrl-- -+- -rr1++

_+_+----F- --l F J+ --{----x- + F

-r- 6F4-_- -++Þ<-- --qF

a66 Appendix

35 Heoling, Venliloling, ond Duclwork Symbolso_Am e rico n N qtion ol'stq nãã ro

Êrrtlf

ZOXIZ

-

l? xzo

l?)1,?O

High pressure Steam

Medium pressureReturn

Fuel Oil Flow

Compressed Air

Refrigerant Discharge

Refrigerant Suction

Brine Supply

Wall Radiator, plan

Wall Radiator onCeiling, plan

Unit Heater(Propeller), plan

Unit Heater (Centrif.ugal Fan), plan

Thermostatic Trap

Thermostatic Float

Thermometer

ïhermostat

Duct Plan (lst Fieure.Width; 2nd Deóth)

lnclined Drop in Re-spect to Air Flow

Supply Duct Section

Exhaust Duct Section

Recirculation DuctSection

Fresh Air Duct Section

Supply Ouflet

Exhaust lnlet

Volume Damper

Soi/, Waste or Leade¡(Above Grade)

Cold Water

Hot Water

Hot Water Return

Fire Line

Gas

Sprinklers-MainSupplies

Volume Damper

Deflecting Damper

Turning Vanes

Automatic Dampers

Canvas Connections

Fan and Motor withBelt Guard

lntake Louvres andùcreen

a ANSI/ASME y32.2.3_rg4g (R1994) and ANSI y32. 2.4_tg4g(R1993).

D

36 Americon Notionor stondord Grophicor symborsfor Eleclronic Diogromso

liiil!Ì

ii

ii

ii

ii

ll

.ö:EIPOL.AR

TRANSISTORS

GROUNDS

,+ + +cH^ss,s Eiurl â:åiåîiff

a2

8l

N-CHAfiNE. N-O{ATiNEL N-CHANNEL

ÐG2

scrSINGI¡-G^7E OUAL-CAIE SINGLE-GAIE

OS¡t€îtON MOOE

-

ENHANCEMENT UOOEUOSFET MOSFEI LOG¡C

GENERALAMPLIFIER

INTEGRATEDclRculls

(u#)

Ð ht* (0.,

\./ l-AMps

Frxco vARr^€/r€ \\ exoro

{Â^r 2{/\- -4zM¡

lt{ERMtStOR-^r tT- 4r-RESISTORS

++-r fficoNoucToRs sitEloEo wRE 0R co^xt^r c^81¡

JOIN€D

:||

-

A¡,oRESS of, DATA HULftpt¡ Co|TOUCÍORBUs cAatr

coN0ucl0RsNOI JOINÉD

-oTERI¡INAL

WIRING

SPSÍ SPOT NORI¡ALLY OPEN

{o ê -r-rrlcclE o o o

OO OO NoRM^lrY

/ oloTULNPOINI

SIY|TCHES uoutrT^nY

Nt

closÐO-r€

þIHERI¡AL

P-OTA¡{NE- P-CH^'{NEL P-C¡{^NNE. P-O{ANNE.

.@: .@: r-@: ._@:

EATTERIESrlr lrl=stNo¡ l¡uLncEtI cÊ¡I

AtR-CoRE

rrrntñor{-coRE

rrrnFERRIIE-8EAO

INOUCTORS

AD¡'SïA8tt

úÁ-oR

"T"ÌAPPED

"r"

AO,rrsÌABu AD¡,STASLE

AtR CORÉ tNoucf^NcE CoUPL|NC,

u,u.J t4) tJ$Jrrrn îrZ-{1 ry1n

e4 -

tuEE ELEMENTS _I ¡r'¡ooe

^ HEATER oR

I I ¡ruuexr

--- cRlo . cAS FILIED

l- .or,roo. Ç couo' I cAtHooE

DEFLECTION PLAlES

-_+fl*r.u^. REr-Ays il

COMMON

CONNECTIONS

I uaeL,l-

c0NfacfsMALE FEMALE

PHONE JACK

DfPHONE PLUG

ær-

coAxrAL coNNEctORS

tru^*fù è u^*YYMULT|PLE. 240 v FEMAT¡

uov¡eG'a--T---ì f-f-l Þ/MULrrpLE, l--l f-If YFrxED

cRouNo

FEMALE MALE MALE

,!s'q"q;'",!Biç]il".,'CND GND CÑD

CONNECTORS

Øuftesy Anerícan Rad¡o Belay League.

a68 Appendix

37 Form ond Proporfion of Geomelric Toleroncing Symbols"

'LTre O@OO@'

DATUM TARGET TARGET POINT

CONCENTRICITY CIRCULARITY MMC RFS PRq' TOL

PARALLELISM FLATNESS CYLINDRICITY DIAMETER POSITION

-T1.5 h/IPERPENDICULARITY ANGULARITY RUNOUT

TOTAL

" ANSÌ/ASME Y14.5M-1994.

ALL AROUND PROFILE SURFACE PROFILE LINE STRAIGHTNESS(PROFILE}

AII dimensions are in inches except those in last two columns. (,o

>{OF:-'(õ(r-0íJU,za00õ'rf?l0õ(h^0f,foo. -,oo'ö8

3o0

00otno

I

0)oo

Nomin¡Pipe

Size

IIJ

t4

l8

DOutside

Dirmefel

ofPipe

.405

.540

.675

Thre¡dsper Inch

27

18

18

l,r "No¡m¡l

ng¡gemel

by HendBeúween

Elerndrnd

lnternslTtre¡ds

.1 615

.2278

.240

14"

I¿ng0¡

ofEfrective

Thread

.2639

.4018

.4078

Nornin¡l t{rll Ïhic*ness

Sdrerl10

Sched.

môSche¿

30d

Scled.40d

.068

.088

.091

.10!)

.113

.133

.14

.t4s

Sùed.ó0.

Sùed.80'

.(D5

.119

,n6

Súed.100

Súed.lm

Sched.

tûScherl

160

I

.840

r.050

1.315

1.660

1.900

t4

14

1t .5

l1 .5

11.5

.320

.339

.400

.420

.420

.5337

.5457

.6828

.7068

.7235

.l4it

.154

.179

.191

2ilt

.188

.279

.2s0

.250

.281

4.547

3.637

2.904

2.30t

2.010

473.91

270.03

t66.62

96.275

70 77?2

¡!L2

J

¡lJ2

4

2.375

2.875

3.500

4.000

4.500

I 1.5

8

8

I8

.436

.682

.766

.821,

.u4

.7565

1.1375

1.2000

1.2500

I.3000

.154

203

216

.:226

.237

4M

J00

s62

.218

276

300

3lE

.3t7 438

.344

.375

.438

.531

1.608

1.328

1.091

.954

.848

42.913

30.077

19.479

14.565

17.3125.563

6.625

8.625

10.750

12.750

I8

8

8

8

-937

.958

1.063

1.210

1.360

1.4063

1.5125

1.7125

1.9250

2.1250

.zsn

.250

.250

.2s8

280

.322

.3ó5

.406

37s

.432

.500

.594

.688

594

719

u4

.500

.562

.719

.u4

1.000

812

I 000

I 125

.625

.779

.90ó

1.'t25

1.312

.686

.576

.443

.3s5

.299

7.199

4.984

2.878

1.826

14 0D

l6 0D

18 0D

20 0D

24oD

14.000

16 000

18.000

20.000

24.000

8

8

8

I8

1.562

1.812

2.000

2.125

2.375

2.zs(n

2.45M

2.6500

2.8500

3.2500

.250

.250

.250

.250

.250

.312

.312

.312

375

375

.375

37s

.438

.500

.562

.438

s00

.562

.594

.688

.594

.656

.750

.812

.969

.750

.u4

.938

L031

1.219

.938

L031

1.156

1.281

1.531

.094

.219

.37s

.500

.812

1.250

1.438

1.562

1.750

2.062

1.406

t.594

1.781,

1.969

2.344

.273

.239

.212

.191

.159

1.06s

.815

.644

.518

.358:+l:lîs^yE B36.t0M_1ee5 Refer toh ANSI/ASME 81.20.1_1983 (Rt 992).' Kefer ro $ I 3.22 and Fie. I 3.20.d Boldface figures correþond to..standard,, pipe. ; ä,'.'J,xîi' i: ff : Jff îHîi [ ;x

r ra sr rons " pi pe

39 Cost-lron Pipe, Thicknesses ond Weights-Americon Nolionol Stondord

16 ft Laying Lengúh

fVeight 0b) Based on

Class 50:50 psi Pressure-115 ft Head Class 200:200 psi Pressure--462 ft Head

590785

1,020

1,3507,6251,9802,3353,290

4,7656,3558,195

10,195

Class 250:250 psi Pressure-577 ft Head

Class 100: 100 psi Pressure-231 ft Head

19526s415590785

1,095

1,450r,7652,r352,5053,290

5,0956,8108,790

10,950

Class 300:300 psi Pressure--693 ft Head

T

I

3468

1012

1416182024

30364248

J468

i072

141.6

182024

30364248

468

1012

T41.6

182024

30364248

J46

Class 150: 150 psi Pressure-346 ft Head

Class 200: 200 psi Pressure--462 ftHead

Class 350: 350 psi Pressure-808 ft Head

195265415590850

1,095

1,4501,890) )152,6953,515

195265415590920

1,180

1,605r,9452,5202,9703,895

3',7.0

49.1.

63.7

84.4101.6723.1r45.9205.6

297.8397.1.5r2.3637.2

195265415590785

t,020T,L95r,525r,7202,0r52,655

4,1205,4557,0708.825

81012

t416182024

30364248

.4t

.44

.48

.55

.58

.63

.67

.79

.92r.021.131.23

15.3017.4019.5027.6025.80

32.0038.3044.5050.80

.32

.35

.38

.47

.44

.48

.48

.54

.54

.57

.63

.79

.87

.971.06

3.964.806.909.05

11.1013.20

15.3017.4019.502r.6025.80

32.0038.3044.5050.80

12.4i6.525.937.049.r63.7'74.6

95.2L07.6125.9166.0

257.6340.9442.0551.6

.59

.63

.68

.72

.79

3.964.806.909.05

11.1013.20

15.3017.4019.502t.6025.80

32.0038.3044.5050.80

12.41.6.525.937.049.tó8.s

90.61.1.0.4

t33.4156;7205.6

318.4425.5s49.5684.5

3468

10t2I4l6182024

30364248

t2.416.525.937.049.1.

63.7

78.895.2

114.8t35.9r78.1.

257.6340.9442.0551.6

1952654r5590785

r,020r,260r,5251,8352,1752,850

4,7205,4557,0708,825

.51

.54

.58

.62

.68

3.964.806.909.05

11.10t3.20

15.30t7.4019.502r.6025.80

3.964.806.909.05

11.10t3.2015.30t7.4019.502t.6025.80

72.416.525.937.053.168.5

90.6r18.2L42.3168.5279.8

J468

1012

t416182024

.32

.35

.38

.47

.48

.52

.59

.68

.78

.85

3.964.806.909.05

11.10t3.20

15.30t7.4019.5027.6025.80

32.ffi38.3044.5050.80

12.416.525.937.049.763.7

78.895.2

114.8135.9190.1

275.4365.9475.3589.6

t95265415s90785

1.,020

1.,260t,5251,8352,1753,040

4,4055,85s7,6059,435

.32

.35

.38

.41.

.44

.48

.51

.54

.58

.62

.73

.85

.941.05r.l4

12.416.525.931.057.473.8

97.5tt8.2t52.9180.2236.3

3468

10t2I41.6

182024

.32

.35

.38

.41.

.52

.56

.64

.68

.79

.84

.92

3.964.806.909.05

11.1013.20

15.30r7.4019.5027.6025.80

396480690

'Average weight per foot based on calculated rveight of pipe before rounding.

Append¡x aZl

40 cost-lron Pipe screwed Filtings,o I25 lb-Americon Notionol stondord

TEE cRoss 4s'ELaow

DIMENSIONS OF gO'AND 45'ELBOWS,TEES,AND CROSSES (STRAIGHT SIZES)All dimensions given in inches.

Fittings having right- and left-hand threads shall have foúr or -o.räù, or the letter,.L,,cast on the band at endwith left_hand thread.

Centerto End,Elbows,

Teeg andCrosses

A

Centerto End,

450

ElbowsC

.73

.80

.88

.98

I.12

1.29

I.43

1.68

1.95

2.77

2.39

2.61

3.05

3.46

4.28

5.16

5.97

Lengthof

ïhread,Min.

B

.32

.36

.43

.50

.58

.67

.70

.75

.92

.98

1.03

1.08

1.18

I.28

r.47

1.68

1.88

lvidrhof

Ban4MÍn.

E

.38

.44

.50

.56

.62

.69

.75

.84

.94

1.00

1.06

7.12

1.18

7.28

r.47

1.68

i.88

MetalThick-ness

G

.11

.I2

.I3

.15

.17

.18

.20

.22

.24

.26

.28

.31

.38

.43

.55

.69

.80

NominalPipeSize

1

4381

234

1

r1!4rlt2

2

¡1z2

3

-tr1

4

5

ó

8

10

t2

.81

.95

1.72

1.31

1.s0

7.75

1.94

2.2s

2.70

3.08

3.42

3.79

4.50

5.13

6.56

8.08b

9.50b

Diameterof

Band,Min.H

.93

1..t2

r.34

r.63

r.95

2.39

2.68

3.28

3.86

4.62

5.20

s.79

7.05

8.28

10.63

13.72

75.47' From ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992.b This applies to elbows and tees only.

90" ELBow

Max.

.58

.72

.90

1.11

1.38

1.73

7.97

2.44

2.97

3.60

4.t0

4.60

5.66

6.72

8.72

10.85

12.85

Min.

.54

.67

.84

1.05

1.31

r.66

1.90

2.37

2.87

3.50

4.00

4.-s0

5.56

6.62

8.62

70.75

I2.75

a72 Appendix

41 Cost-lron Pipe Screwed Fitlings,o 25O lb-Americon Notionol Slondord

DIMENSIONS OF 90'AND 45'ELBOWS,TEES,AND CROSSES (STRAIGHT SIZES)

All dimensions given in inches.The 2501b standard for screwed fittings covers only the straight sizes of 90" and 45" elbows, tees, and crosses.

lHl

NominalPipeSize

1

4381

zJ

4

Centerto End,Elbowg

Tees, andC¡osses

A

.94

1.06

t.25

1.44

1.63

1.94

2.r3

2.50

2.94

3.38

3.75

4.t3

4.88

5.63

7.00

8.63

10.00

Centerto End,

45'Elbows

c

.81

.88

1.00

t.L3

t.3t1.50

7.69

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.63

2.81.

3.t9

3.50

4.31.

s.19

6.00

Lengthof

Thread,Min.

B

.43

.47

.57

.64

.75

.84

.87

1.00

1..17

r.23

t.28

r.33

7.43

1.53

1.72

r.93

2.13

Iryidrhof

Band,Min.

E

.49

.55

.60

.68

.76

.88

.97

7.t2

1.30

1.40

r.49

7.57

r.74

r.97

2.24

2.58

2.91

.18

.18

.20

.23

.28

.33

.35

.39

.43

.48

.52

.56

.66

.74

.90

1.08

1.24

1

rà

1+

2

^l¿1

3

^tJ,

4

5

6

8

10

t2

MetalThick-

ness

G

Dia¡neterof

Band,Min.H

I.17

1.36

1.59

1.88

2.24

2.73

3.07

3.74

4.60

5.36

5.98

6.6r'7.92

9.24

77.73

14.37

16.84

Max.

.58

.72

.90

1..1r

1.38

r.73

t.97

2.44

2.97

3.60

4.10

4.60

s.66

6.72

8.72

10.85

72.85

Min.

.54

.67

.84

1.05

1.31

1..66

1.90

2.37

2.87

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.56

6.62

8.62

70.75

12.75

" From ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992.

42

NominalPipeSize

1

1ÌIi21tLt3

J;4

ShorfCenterto Face

Thue(.Yrt

andLateral

E

7.75

r.752.002.502.503.003.003.003.503.504.s05.005.506.006.507.008.009.00

10.00

Facefo

FaceReducer

F

Diamete¡of

Flange

Cqst-lron Pipe Flonges ond Fittings,o l25 lb_Americon Nolionol Stqndord

S DE OUILETELBOW

43C LATERAL

5

6

810

t274oD16 0D18 0D20 0D24 0D30 0D36 0D42oD48 0D

Centerto Face,

900Long

RadiusElbow

B

5.005.506.006.s07.007.75

8.s09.00

t0.2s11.50

14.00

1ó.50

19.0027.5024.0026.5029.0034.0041.5049.00

56.5064.00

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

8.0

9.011.0

12.014.0

16.0

18.0

19.020.024.030.036.042.048.0

WâllThick-

ness

4so EL80W OOUALE SRANCHELBOW

DIMENSIONS OF ELBOWS, DOUBLE BRANCH ELBOJVS,TEES, CROSSES, LATERALS,TRUE Y'S(SIRAIGHT SIZES), AND REDUCÊRSAll dimensions in inches.

Centerto trhce

900ElboqTeeE

CrossesTlue "Ytt

andDoubleBranchElbow

A

Centerto

Face45"

ElbowC

7.75

2.002.25

2.503.003.003.504.004.505.005.506.507.s07.508.008.509.50

11.00

15.0018.00

2I.0024.00

Cenferfo

trhceLateral

D

5.75

6.25

7.00

8.00

9.s010.00

11.50

12.00

13.50

14.50

77.50

20.50

24.50

27.00

30.00

32.00

35.0040.50

ol lo

Ihick-nessof

Flange,M¡n.

.44

.50

.56

.62

.69

.75

.81

.94

.94

1.001.72

1.79

7.25

1.38

7.44

1.56

1.69

1.88

2.722.38

2.62

2.75

1.00

I.251.50

2.002.s03.003.s04.005.006.008.00

10.00

72.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.0024.0030.0036.0042.0048.00

3.503.75

4.004.505.005.506.006.s07.s08.009.00

11.00

72.00

14.00

15.00

16.5018.00

22.0025.00

28.0031.0034.00

4.254.62

5.006.00

7.00

7.508.50

9.0010.00

11.0013.50

16.0019.00

27.00

23.5025.00

27.5032.0038.75

46.0053.00

59.50

.31

.31

.31

.3i

.3r

.38

.44

.50

.50

.56

.62

.75

.81

.881.00

1.06

I.I2r.257.441.62

1.81

2.00' ANSI/ASME 816.1_1989.

a74 Appendix

43 Cosl-lron Pipe Flonges, Drilling for Bolts ond Their Lengths'o 125 lb-Americon Nolionol Stondord

Thick-nessof

FlangetMin.

.44

.50

.56

.62

.69

.75

.81

.94

.94

1.00

t.l21.19

1.25

1.38

t.44

1.56

t.69

1.88

2.12

2.38

2.62

2.75

NominalPipeSize

Diameterof

BoltCircle

3.r2

3.50

3.88

4.75

5.50

6.00

7.00

7.50

8.50

9.50

7t.75

14.25

17.00

18.75

21.25

22.75

25.00

29.50

36.00

42.75

49.50

56.00

.62

.62

.62

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

,88

.88

.88

1.00

1.00

1..12

1.12

1.25

7.25

1.38

1.38

1.62

1.62

1.62

Diameterof

Bolfs

.50

.50

.50

.62

.62

.62

.62

.62

.75

.75

;15

.88

.88

1.00

1.00

r.12

Lr2r.25

t.25

1.50

1.50

1.50

Diameterof

BoltHoles

1

1å

1,+

2

.LL2

J

3i4

5

6

8

10

t214 0D16 0D18 0D20 0D24oD30 0D36 0D42oD48 0D

4.25

4.62

5.00

6.00

7.00

7.50

8.50

9.00

10.00

11.00

13.50

16.00

19.00

21.00

23.50

25.00

27.50

32.00

38.75

46.00

53.00

59.50

4

4

4

4

4

4

8

8

8

8

8

12

72

t2T6

t620

20

28

32

36

44

Shaft DiameterD

t{ to trÞ

$tot$z tozþ3 to3!32

4 and over

44 Shoft Center Sizes

Shaft DiameterD A

5643321

83161

4

àt" *Ir" Lu

'er" #s25'Í610 32

{f to r$

B

3643641

1ó564332

C

i1ó1

165

64332332

A

5t6387161

z9i6

B

5323Ð7

327

327

32

c5

325

323G

'7

Ð'l

32

" ANSI 816.1-1989.

Appendix azs45

NominalPipeSÍze

1.

r-lL4

r1!2

2.>L

J.lr)4

90 DE6

Center-fo-FbceElbow

and TeeA

Cenúer-to-FaceLong

RadiusElbow

B

REDUC ER

Center.to.Fbcrc

45"Elbow

c

Cost-lron p¡pe Ftonges crnd Fiftings,o 25O lb_Americon Nof¡onol -stondo rd

LONG RADIUS 45 DEO

DIMENSIONS OF ELBO}VS, TEES, AND REDUCERSAll dimensions are given in inches.

5

6

8

10

12

1.4oD

16 0D18 0D20 0D24 0D30 0D

" ANSI 816.1_1989

1.00

1.25

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

5.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

73.25

15.25

17.00

19.00

23.00

29.00

IVallIhick-ness

ofBody

.44

.44

.44

.44

.50

.56

.56

.62

.69

.75

.81

.94

1.00

r.12

Diameterof

Flange

4.88

5.25

6.t2

6.50

7.50

8.25

9.00

10.00

Thick-ness

ofFlange,Min.

.69

.75

.81

.88

1.00

1.12

1.79

7.2s

i.38

I.44

r.62

1.88

2.00

2.I2

2.69

3.06

3.56

4.I9

4.94

5.69

6.31

6.94

8.31

9.69

17.94

i4.06

16.44

18.94

2I.06

23.31

25.56

30.31

37.79

4.00

4.25

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

8.00

8.50

i0.00

11.50

13.00

15.00

16.50

18.00

19.50

22.50

27.s0

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.75

8.50

9.00

10.25

11.50

14.00

16.50

19.00

2L.50

24.00

26.50

29.00

34.00

41.50

2.00

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.50

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

7.00

8.00

8.50

9.50

10.00

10.50

L2.00

15.00

Face-fo-

FhceReducer

G

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

8.00

9.00

11.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

24.00

30.00

7.25

1.38

1.50

1.62

2.00

i1.00

t2.50

15.001? <^

20.50

23.00

25.50

28.00

30.50

36.00

43.00

2.25

2.38

2.50

2.75

3.00

REDUC I N 6 STRAIOHT TEE

a76 Appendix

46 Cost-lron Pipe Flonges, Drilling for Bolts ond Their Lengths,o 25O lb-Americon Nqfionol Stondord

NominalPipeSize

1

rI1+

2o14

3

^l

4

5

6

8

10

L2

14 0D16 0D

18 0D20oD24oD30 0D

I)inmeterof

Flange'

4.88

5.25

6.72

6.50

7.50

8.2s

9.00

10.00

1L.00

t2.50

15.00

t7.50

20.50

23.00

25.50

28.00

30.50

36.00

43.00

ThichessofFlange,

Min.

.69

.75

.81

.88

1.00

1..r2

7.79

1.25

1.38

7.44

1..62

1.88

2.ffi2.12

2.25

2.38

2.50

2.75

3.00

Diameterof Raised. E¡ce

2.69

3.06

3.56

4.19

4.94

6.69

6.3t

6.94

8.31

9.69

7L.94

t4.06

t6.44

78.94

21.06

23.37

25.s6

30.31

37.19

Diameterof BoltCircle

3.s0

3.88

4.50

5.00

s.88

6.47.25

7.88

9.25

70.62

13.00

15.25

t7.75

20.25

22.50

24.75

27.00

32.00

39.25

I)iameterof BoltHoles

.75

.75

.88

.75

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

1.00

t.t2r.25

1.25

1.38

1.38

1.38

7.62

2.00

Numberof

Bolts

4

4

4

8

8

8

8

8

8

t2

t21.6

t6

20

20

24

24

24

28

.62

.62

.75

.62

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.88

1.00

7.72

t.L2

t.25

r.25

r.25

1.50

r.75

2.50

2.50

2.75

2.75

3.25

3.50

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.00

4.50

5.25

5.50

6.00

6.25

6.50

6.7s

7.50

8.50

" ANSI B1ó.1-1989.

Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents

4ths Sths l6ths 32nds 64ths

To4Places

To3Places

lo2Places

frl il l¡-

meters 4ths Sths l6thr 32nds 64ths

To4Places

To3Places

To2Places

iri[í.meters

å-

3I

-Ll6

+l-64 .016 I .02

.o3r I 03

.047 I .05

.062 Lo6

.oz8 Lo8

.oe4 I .oe

.ros I .lr

.ns I )2

.r4r Lt4

.1b6 I .16

.û2 I .n

.r88 l.rs

.2ß I .20

.2re Lz2

.n4 L23

.250 L2s

.266 L2t

.28t I .za

.2s7 I .¡o

.stz I .¡l

.328 I ¡:

.344 I .¡¿

35eI".375 I .38

.3el l.:g

.406 I .¿r

.422 I .oz

.438 I .44

.453 I .¿s

.46s I .qt

.484 I .¿s

.soo I .so

.397

.794

1. 191

1.588

1.984

2.38t2.778

3.r75

3.572

3.969

4.366

4.762

5.r59

5.556

5.953t4-1

5I

of6-

t732-

¡-164 .516

,53 1

.547

.562

.578

.594

.609

.625

.64 r

.656

.672

.688

. i03

.7t9

.734

.i50

.766

.781

.797

.8t2

.828

.844

1.000

.52

.53

.55

.56

.58

.59

.61

.62

.64

.66

.67

.69

.70

.72

.73

.75

.77

.78

.80

.81

.83

.84

.86

.88

.89

.91

.92

.94

.95

.97

.98

1.00

_l64- Ji64

l_32

564

¡l32

3Z64

L64- ¡l64

l_ló-

-532

9E4

u¡ó

2732

4t64

Ll64 4¡

64

{z

ll64-2)32

!1564

15ó4 4t

64

l_1ó

e32

L764-

TI

lJtló-

2532

4i64

l964 5l

64

It32

2764

2712

H

2f64 55

64

L1ó

LI32

2564

15ló

29l2

5764

2L64 59

64

-1532

2964

tl32

ål64

fi64 ói

64

C Show construction

D Show dimensions; show given or required data

I Improve form or spacing

H Too heavy

NH Not heavy enough

Decimal meâsurements may be set otï directly

Not dark enough

Sharpen pencil or compass lead

Use guide lines

Improve arrowheads

Error in encircled area

Metric meqsure1nelts may be set off directly on drawinlp with the metric scaleoÈ drawinlp witå the engineers'scale, or the decimal scãle.

Symbols for Instmctors Corrections

A

6

ND

.5L

GL