Modern English G

ramm

arC

.N. G

rivasU

pper Intermediate

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise, without the prior permission of GRIVASPUBLICATIONS.

Published and distributed by: GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS

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www.grivas.gre-mail: info@grivas.gr

Printed June 2011

We would like to thank Effie Fragouli, Marianna Preveziotis and Fiona Longden for their invaluable contribution to thewriting of this book.

© GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS 2003∞ll rights reserved

SAMPLE P

AGESd Fiona Longdend Fiona Longde

CONTENTSUNIT 1 : 1 Simple present 2 Present progressive 3 Simple past 4 Past progressive . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 2 : 1 Simple present perfect 2 Present perfect progressive 3 Simple past perfect4 Past perfect progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 3 : 1 Simple future - Future forms 2 Future progressive 3 Simple future perfect 4 Future perfect progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 4 : The indefinite article: a / an 2 The definite article: the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 5 : 1 Plurals 2 Countable / Uncountable nouns 3 Singular or plural verb?4 Collective nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 1 : [Units 1-5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 6 : 1 Some, Any 2 No, No one, None 3 Many, Much, (A) few, (A) little, Plenty of, A great deal of, A lot of / Lots of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 7 : 1 Adjectives 2 Comparison 3 Very, Too, Enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 8 : Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 9 : 1 Imperative 2 Question tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 10 : 1 So do I - Neither / Nor do I 2 Either, Neither, None, Not one 3 Both, All, Whole . . . . . .

REVISION 2 : [Units 1-10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 11 : The infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 12 : 1 The gerund 2 Infinitive or gerund? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 13 : Modal / Auxiliary Verbs (I) 1 can, could, be able to 2 may, might 3 must, have to . .

UNIT 14 : Modal / Auxiliary Verbs (II) 1 will, would 2 shall 3 should, ought to 4 need . . . . . . .

UNIT 15 : Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 3 : [Units 1-15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 16 : 1 Unreal past 2 Would rather, Had better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 17 : 1 Conjunctions 2 Exclamatory structures 3 Emphatic structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 18 : The ‘causative’ use of have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 19 : The passive voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 20 : Direct and Reported speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 4 : [Units 1-20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 21 : 1 Relative clauses 2 Clauses of contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 22 : 1 Causes of result 2 Clauses of reason 3 Clauses of time 4 Clauses of purpose 5 Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 23 : 1 Two objects 2 It 3 Participles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 5 : [Units 1-23] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prepositional phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

9

13

17

22

27

31

36

41

45

49

53

57

62

66

70

74

78

82

87

92

96

101

106

110

115

120

125

131

134

138

SAMPLE . . . . . .

or gerund? or ge . .

s (II) ) 1 can, could, 1 can, coul

erbs (er II) 1 will, w1 will, w

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

past 2 Would rpast 2 W

njunctions 2 Excnjunctions 2 Exc

he ‘causative’ uscausative’ us

: The passive voThe passive

: Direct and : Direct and

ION 4ON 4 : [Units : [Units

: 1 R1 R

:

PAGES. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

) little, Plenty of, le, Plenty of, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ither, None, Not onither, None, No

. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

. . .. .

2 Present progressive

4

1 Simple present 3 Simple past2 Present progressive 4 Past progressive

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·˘Ù‹Ó

ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ‹ ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô.I’m studying Italian this year.

2 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘Â·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ·ÏÏ¿ fï˜ ÁÈ·¤Ó· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ·, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿.

He’s getting up at six o’clock every day this week.

3 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ ÎÔÓÙÈÓfi ̤ÏÏÔÓ.

We’re leaving tomorrow morning.I’m having dinner with Jane on Saturday.They’re getting married next week.

4 ÁÈ· Ì›· ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÙ·È ‹ ·ÏÏ¿˙ÂÈÛÙ·‰È·Î¿.

Her cooking is getting better.

5 Ì ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ always, continually, constantly (= Û˘Ó¯Ҙ) Î·È forever ÁÈ· Ó· ‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ì ÂÓfi¯ÏËÛË /ÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛÌfi ‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔÓ›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ë Ú¿ÍË Á›ÓÂÙ·È¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿.

He’s constantly complaining.They’re so kind; they’re always helping the poor.

■■ T· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ Ú‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÚΛ·˜: believe, know, see, like, love,prefer, hear, think (= ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ), have [= (ηÙ)¤¯ˆ], want,hope, wish, taste, smell ÎÏ. ŸÙ·Ó Ù· Ú‹Ì·Ù· see, think Î·È have ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÚΛ·˜, ÙfiÙ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ¤ÓÓÔÈ·:

1 I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow. ( = ÂÈÛΤÙÔÌ·È)

2 Aren’t you seeing her tonight? (= Û˘Ó·ÓÙÒ)

3 What are you thinking about? (= ÛΤÙÔÌ·È)

4 She’s having lunch right now. (= ÙÚÒˆ)

5 He’s having a bath at the moment. (= οӈ)

1 Simple present

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ¿ÓÙ·, Û˘¯Ó¿, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜

ÎÏ. (‰ËÏ. fi¯È ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿). I always / usually get up at seven.Does he work in a bank?

2 ÁÈ· Ì›· ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ú¿ÍË, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· ‰ÚÔÌÔÏfiÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ,ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ù·Íȉ›ˆÓ, Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ ÎÏ.

Our plane leaves at nine tomorrow morning. The Olympic Games start next Monday.

3 Û ·Ó·ÌÂÙ·‰fiÛÂȘ ·ÁÒÓˆÓ (Ô‰ÔÛÊ·›ÚÔ˘, Ì¿ÛÎÂÙÎÏ.).

Williams takes the ball, crosses to Perry whoshoots it straight into the net.

4 Û ÂÈʈÓËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·Ú¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ì ÙȘϤÍÂȘ Here ‹ There Î·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ù·Ú‹Ì·Ù· come ‹ go.

Here comes John! [‹: Here he comes!]There goes our bus! [‹: There it goes!]

5 Û ÂÈÎÂÊ·Ï›‰Â˜ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ·.

1

3 ÁÈ· Ú¿ÍÂȘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ Ë Ì›· ÌÂÙ¿ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË.

He brushed his teeth, put on his pyjamas and went to bed.

4 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ ·fi οÔÈÔÓÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ˙ÂÈ Ï¤ÔÓ.

Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.[OXI: Shakespeare has written ...]

3 Simple past

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ. (TÔ fiÙÂ

¤ÁÈÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ‹ ÂÓÓÔ›ٷÈ.)They went to a nightclub last night.They danced all night long.

2 Ì ¯ÚÔÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ fiˆ˜:how long ago, a week / month / a year ago ÎÏ.

How long ago did you buy your car?We moved here a year ago.

TERRORISTS STRIKE AGAIN

PRINCE MARRIES MODEL

She’s sleeping now.

SAMPLE

PLE

very day this week.very day this week.his week

ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›Û Ó· ÔÓ.

row morning.row morning.with Jane on Saturith Jane on Satu

g g married next weemarried next wee

ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ Ë Ô˘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛ

cooking is getting bcooking is gettin

ast SS

e’s sl ow.

PAGES

P ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ  ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ Ì alwalÛ˘Ó¯Ҙ)Û˘ÓÂ= Û Î¢ÚÈÛÌfi¢ÚÈÛ

go

ÚfiÛÊ·Ù·ÚfiÛÊ

PA

STRIK AG

CE MARRIES MO

5

5 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ·ӷϷ̂·ÓfiÙ·Ó ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ.(¢Â›¯ÓÂÈ Û˘Ó‹ıÂÈ·.)

I worked very hard when I was young. When we were on holiday, we got up late

and went to the beach.

¶ÚfiÛÂÍÂ: be used to + Ú‹Ì· -ing (= Â›Ì·È Û˘ÓËıÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜Ó·, ¤¯ˆ Û˘ÓËı›ÛÂÈ Ó·)

I’m used to getting up early.get used to + Ú‹Ì· -ing (= ·Ú¯›˙ˆ Ó· Û˘ÓËı›˙ˆ, Û˘ÓËı›˙ˆ ÛÈÁ¿-ÛÈÁ¿)

It is hard to get used to living in a differentcountry.

∂›Û˘: be in the habit of + Ú‹Ì· -ing (= Û˘ÓËı›˙ˆ)‘I’m not in the habit of lending people my car,’

he said.

4 Past progressiveXÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó (ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿) Û οÔÈ·

ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ. I was sleeping when John

arrived.I was sleeping while Bob

was working.I was sleeping at eleven o’clock last night.

2 Ì ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ always, continually, constantly ÁÈ· Ó·‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ì ÂÓfi¯ÏËÛË / ÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛÌfi ‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔÓ›ÛÔ˘ÌÂfiÙÈ Ë Ú¿ÍË ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿.

Her parents were continually arguing when she was young.

She was always helping people in need.(KÔÈÌfiÌÔ˘Ó ...)}

Mary was watching TV while hermum and dad were reading.

■■ ™˘Ó‹ıÂÈ· ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÌÂ:used to, would ‹ was / were in the habit of.

We used to / would go out every Friday.Did you use to play golf every Saturday?He was in the habit of falling asleep with the TV on.

Exercises 1 Fill in the simple present or the present progressive.

1 Davis __________ the ball, __________ and__________ the first goal. (steal, shoot, score)

2 She __________ very early this month because of the new project at work. (wake up)

3 ‘Why are you so annoyed with her?’‘Because she _____ always __________ me!’(interrupt)

4 ‘Your German __________ , John,’ said theteacher. (improve)

5 Here __________ the bride! (come)

6 Can you call back later? I _________ a showerright now. (have)

7 ‘British ship _________ off the coast of Sardinia,’the headline read. (sink)

8 _____ you _______ he’s clever? (think)

9 I can’t come with you this evening. I __________an old friend of mine. (see)

10 What _____ you _______ tomorrow afternoon?(do)

11 I __________ the answer to that. (not know)

12 Frank __________ a letter at the moment. (write)

2 Fill in the simple present or the present progressive.

Dear Alison,How are you? I [1] ___________

(hope) that you [2] ___________

(feel) better. How long [3] _____ you

_________ (stay) in hospital? Our exams [4] _____________ (start)

on the 15th, so at the moment we[5] ___________ (study) and we [6] ___________

(not have) time to do the things we usually [7] ___________ (enjoy). However, next week I[8] ___________ (have) dinner with Marion as she[9] ___________ (visit) her aunt who lives near us. Mum and Dad send you their love and want you toknow that they [10] ___________ (think) about you.

Love,Stephanie

SAMPLE Eent progressiveent progressive..

__________ and__________ andl. l. (steal, shoot, score(steal, shoot, scor

y early this month by early this mat work. ork. (wake up)(wake u

o annoyed with hero annoyed with herhe _____ always _____ always

t)

r German ________an _______acher. acher. (improve)(improv

Here __________ere _________

n you call bou call bow.

GESAG

ntinually, constantlntinually, constanÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛÌfiÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛ ‹ ÁÈ· Ó·‹ ÁÈ· Ó·

·Ó ¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯nts werents were continually continually

was young.was young.asas aysalways helpel

S

4 Fill in the simple past or the past progressive.

6

3 TRANSFORMATIONa Look at the examples.

1 He rarely visits his uncle.visit He _________________ his uncle often.

2 She has got a job at a small hotel this summer.is She ______________ at a small hotel this

summer.

3 She hasn’t finished writing his biography.still She _______________ biography.

4 They are considering going to Cyprus this year.thinking They _________________ to Cyprus this

year.

5 Look! The boss is coming.Here Look! ______________ the boss!

6 Why do you argue with your sister all the time?always Why _________________ with your

sister?

1 Debbie hasn’t finishedmaking the salad yet.

still Debbie ________________ salad.

2 Quick! The train is coming.Here Quick! ___________

the train!

3 Why do you shout at yourlittle brother all the time?

always Why _________________ at your littlebrother?

4 Our neighbours are considering visiting Egypt thisyear.

thinking Our neighbours _________________Egypt this year.

5 Rob hardly ever goes out during the week.go Rob _________________ very often during

the week.

6 Sally and I have arranged to have lunch togethertomorrow.

having Sally and I _________________ togethertomorrow.

7 She doesn’t usually get up so early.rarely She _________________ so early.

8 I have an appointment with my dentist tomorrow.am I ______________ my dentist tomorrow.

doesn’t visit

is working

Here comes

are thinking of going

is still writing his

are you always arguing

b Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.

GRANDMA: When I was abouttwenty, I [1] ___ ata baker’s.

CLARE: So you [2] ___ early every morning?GRANDMA: Yes, and I [3] ___ it, especially in the winter.

CLARE: Did you ever [4] ___ to it?GRANDMA: Not really.

CLARE: [5] ___ there when you [6] ___ Grandad?GRANDMA: Yes. I [7] ___ some bread out of the oven

one day when I [8] ___ someone come intothe shop. When I [9] ___ , I [10] ___ a handsome man smiling at me.He [11] ___ a smart suit that day. Yourgrandad [12] ___ buying himself newclothes.

5 Choose the correct answer.

1 a was used to working b used to work

2 a got up b were getting up

3 a was hating b hated

4 a get used b used

5 a Did you work b Were you working

6 a met b were meeting

7 a used to take b was taking

8 a was hearing b heard

9 a looked up b was looking up

10 a was seeing b saw

11 a was wearing b used to wear

12 a used to b was always

1 ‘Why ____ they _____ [miss] the party last night?’ ‘They ___________ [expect] an important phonecall.’

2 ‘How ____ you _____ [find] your way there?’ ‘I ___________ [ask] a policeman.’

3 Lauren ___________ [put on] her coat,

___________ [take] her bag and ___________

[leave] the house.

4 ‘Why ____ you ______ [make] so much noise in the kitchen earlier?’ ‘I ___________ [do] the dishes.’

5 ‘When ____ you ______ [learn] to ski?’ ‘I __________ [have] lessons last year in Austria.’

6 Picasso ___________ [paint] a lot of interesting paintings.

7 We __________ [open] this business five years ago.

8 I __________ [get up] very early when I was in Italy.

SAMPLE

MP_______ at ______ at at yyy

considering visitingonsidering visitin

eighbours ________ghbours ______ypt this year.s year.

ardly ever goes out drdly ever goesRob Rob ________________the week.he week.

have have

CGRANDM

CG

PAGESRANDMARAN : When I wWhen

twena

oose the correct ansoose the correct an

hes.’es.’

__ [learn] [learn] to ski?’ to ski?’ lessons last year inlessons last year in

____ __ [paint] [paint] a lot of ot

_______ [open] pen] this busthis bu

_____ [get up] [get up very ver

7

6 Fill in the correct form of used to, be used to or getused to and the verb given.

1 I __________________ [get up] at five in themorning now that I work as a baker.

2 You will have to _______________ [drive] on the

left when you live in England.

3 ____ you __________ [read] a lot when you were

at school, Grandad?

4 John _______________ [not like] ice cream when

he was younger, but now he eats it every day.

5 When I was younger, I _______________ [go] to

France with my family every summer.

6 Harry _______________ [not study] in the library.

He prefers to study at home.

8 TRANSFORMATIONa Look at the examples.

1 She used to cook roast beef on Sundays.would She ________________ roast beef on

Sundays.

2 She started crying as soon as her mother left.until She __________________ her mother left.

3 Helen watered the flowers and her husbandprepared the meal.

while Helen was watering the flowers_________________________ the meal.

4 When did she get here?ago How ______________________ here?

5 When I was younger, I played football.used When I was younger, I _________ football.

6 I haven’t been to the theatre since Christmas.last The _________________ to the theatre

was at Christmas.

7 When did you leave school?since How long ____________________ school?

8 He used to get up at six.habit He was _________________ up at six.

9 They argued all the time in those days.arguing They _________________ in those days.

10 I haven’t written to him for months.since It _________________ to him.

11 A fire started in the factory last night.broke A fire ___________ in the factory last night.

12 The flooding was caused by the continual rain.about The flooding _______________ by the

continual rain.

last time I went

is it since you left

in the habit of getting

were always arguing

is months since I wrote

broke out

was brought about

long ago did she get

used to play

while her husband was preparing

would cook

didn’t start crying until

1 When he was younger, he didn’t like fish.use When he was younger, he ______________

fish.

2 He always used to tell us a bedtime story.would He __________________ a bedtime story.

3 They haven’t been to Spain since 1997.last The _________________ to Spain was in 1997.

4 Dad cooked and Mum watched TV.while Dad was cooking __________________ TV.

5 How long is it since you met your wife?meet When __________________ your wife?

6 It’s difficult to raise a child on your own.up It’s difficult to __________________ a child on

your own.

b Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.

7 a PHRASAL VERBS

1 My car has ___________again.

2 The soldiers __________the bridge.

3 Thieves ___________the manager’s office last night.

4 He was ___________ by his grandparents.

5 When does the school ___________ for Christmas?

6 Are you going to _____ him _____ ? He needs your support.

7 I’m afraid a war will soon ___________ between the two countries.

8 What ___________ the car accident?

1 back up = help or support sb – ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ˆ2 blow up = destroy sth using explosives – ·Ó·ÙÈÓ¿˙ˆ3 break down = stop working (of a vehicle, machine,

etc.) – ¯·ÏÒ, ·ı·›Óˆ ‚Ï¿‚Ë4 break into = enter a place illegally – οӈ ‰È¿ÚÚËÍË5 break out = start suddenly (of a fire, war, etc.) –

ÍÂÛÒ (ÁÈ· ʈÙÈ¿, fiÏÂÌÔ ÎÏ.)6 break up = stop for a holiday (of schools) –

ÛÙ·Ì·ÙÒ ÁÈ· ‰È·ÎÔ¤˜ (Û¯ÔÏ›Ô)7 bring about = cause – ÚÔÍÂÓÒ8 bring up = raise a child – ·Ó·Ùڤʈ

b Fill in the correct phrasal verb in the appropriateform.

AMPMPE

E

SAM_________

ldie ___bridge

eves __nager’s

ÚÚÚËÍËËÍtc.))

Ï..))

Û¯ÔÏÒ

Ó·ÙÙÚÚ ÊˆÊˆ

phrasal verb al verb in the an the

PPAGES

PP

_____

____________

ger, I played footbayounger,

en to the theatre s______________

t Christmas.

en did you leave How long _

8 He used thabit e w

9 Thuing

__________

____

_____

8

1 ______

2 ______

3 ______

4 ______

5 ______

6 ______

7 ______

8 ______

7 He didn’t open the wine until the guests arrived.soon He _________________ as the guests

arrived.

8 He used to do his own washing.habit He was _________________ his own

washing.

9 She hasn’t had a holiday for years.since It _________________ a holiday.

10 He used to complain all the time when he was inhospital.

complaining He _________________ when he wasin hospital.

11 The lift has stopped working again.broken The lift _________________ again.

12 When did you arrive at the hotel?ago How _________________ at the

hotel?

9 ERROR CORRECTIONTick (✓) if the sentence is correct or write the wordwhich should not be there.

1 The teacher he told the children to be quiet.

2 David was used to wake up early.

3 It wasn’t easy to get used to driving on the left.

4 My brother is always losing his carkeys.

5 My sister is in the habit of tostudying in the kitchen.

6 My parents were never used to smoke.

7 Look! There it goes our bus!

8 I’m not used to spending so muchmoney, you know.

Complete the sentences with the words given.

Choose the correct answer.

11 ENRICH YOUR ENGLISH

10 WORD CONFUSION

1 It is _________ to be disappointed when you fail anexam.

2 Parents should not use _________ punishment as itis wrong to hit children.

3 Is that your _________ hair colour or is it dyed?

4 Regular _________ activity is good for the health.

1 The traffic is always ____at this time of day.

a heavy

b full

c thick

2 I’ve got a job ____ !

a lastly b at last c last of all

3 I was very nervous because I had to ____ a speech.

a tell b do c make

4 He was ____ by the sudden scream.

a afraid b frightened c feared

5 I’ve still got ____ to do at the office.

a some work b some job c a work

a natural: normal; not artificialphysical: related to the body

1 There were no ________ rooms at the hotel.

2 The room was ________ ; there was no furniture init.

3 The position of receptionist is still ________ ifyou’re interested.

4 Jim’s glass was ________ , so I filled it with orangejuice.

b empty: having nobody or nothing insidevacant: available for sb to use / occupy

SAMPLE

PLEcorrect or write the wect or write t

re.re.

old the children old the children

s used to wake up es used to wake

n’t easy to get useeasy to get usft

alwl

1111

PAGESor is

good for the ood for the

GESGESGES

_______ rooms at t_______ rooms at t

as ________ ; there_______ ; there

position of receptionon of receptou’re interested.u’re interested

Jim’s glass was _Jim’s glass wasuice.uice.

or nothing insideb to use / occupy

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a practical way forupper-intermediate students to consolidate and expand theirknowledge of English Grammar.

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR includes:

●● coverage of all grammar areas necessary forstudents to speak and write English well.

●● concise and helpful explanations in Greek.

●● a variety of exercises providing thoroughpractice in all grammatical and structural pointspresented in the theory.

●● revision units providing reinforcement of allgrammatical points.

●● recycling of all grammar phenomena to consolidate students’ learning.

●● exercises similar to those which students willencounter in the Cambridge FCE examination.

●● verbs / adjectives / nouns with prepositions,phrasal verbs, prepositional phrases, presentedin alphabetical order, along with confusablewords and collocations.

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a comprehensive anduser-friendly book, covering all aspects of English grammar.It can be used as a supplement to all coursebooks aimed atupper-intermediate level and above.

Modern English G

ramm

arC

.N. G

rivasU

pper Intermediate

ISBN 13: 978-960-409-158-4

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