29
Modern Modern Correctional Correctional Philosophy Philosophy

Modern Correctional Philosophy. History Ancient societies Ancient societies Revenge Revenge Revenge still used today Revenge still used today _________________

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Modern Correctional Modern Correctional PhilosophyPhilosophy

HistoryHistory

Ancient societiesAncient societies RevengeRevenge

Revenge still used todayRevenge still used today

__________________________________

__________________________________

Drive-by ShootingsDrive-by Shootings

Mafia Mafia AssassinationsAssassinations

Responses to CrimesResponses to Crimes

RetributionRetribution

DeterrenceDeterrence

ConfinementConfinement

DeportationDeportation

SentencingSentencing

Colonial AmericaColonial AmericaCorporal PunishmentCorporal Punishment

Public flogging Public flogging

BrandingBranding

DunkingDunking

Placement in stocksPlacement in stocks

Keel haulingKeel hauling

Walk the plankWalk the plank

First Long-Term ConfinementFirst Long-Term Confinement1790 in Philadelphia1790 in Philadelphia

Walnut Street Jail Walnut Street Jail Quakers convinced legislature to set Quakers convinced legislature to set

aside one wing of jail for long-term aside one wing of jail for long-term confinementconfinement

First attempt at reformingFirst attempt at reforming Inmate lived aloneInmate lived alone Ate aloneAte alone Worked aloneWorked alone Solitary confinementSolitary confinement

To think about offenses and become penitentTo think about offenses and become penitent

Auburn Prison New YorkAuburn Prison New York18161816

Confinement to punish was first Confinement to punish was first adoptedadopted

Discipline was enforced by whippingDiscipline was enforced by whipping

Prisoners were not allowed to talkPrisoners were not allowed to talk Silence used to control prisonersSilence used to control prisoners Ate and worked together in silenceAte and worked together in silence

Jails and Prisons were Jails and Prisons were separated - 1850separated - 1850

Jails to hold persons not yet Jails to hold persons not yet convicted and some minor sentencesconvicted and some minor sentences

Prisons housed convicted felonsPrisons housed convicted felons Person sentenced to prison for Person sentenced to prison for

punishmentpunishment Conditions were harshConditions were harsh

18641864

Taxpayers reluctant to spend money to Taxpayers reluctant to spend money to house and feed inmateshouse and feed inmates

Hire out inmates to private companiesHire out inmates to private companies Some companies built factories on prison Some companies built factories on prison

grounds and paid inmates a state feegrounds and paid inmates a state fee Inmates were leased to private contractorsInmates were leased to private contractors

Work amounted to slaveryWork amounted to slavery Work and living conditions causes thousands of Work and living conditions causes thousands of

deathsdeaths Many inmates escapedMany inmates escaped

18701870

National Prison Association (now National Prison Association (now ____________________________________________________) was ) was foundedfounded Adopted the principle of reformationAdopted the principle of reformation Prison reformPrison reform Community treatment programs startedCommunity treatment programs started Ultimate goal return inmates to society Ultimate goal return inmates to society

as better citizensas better citizens

American Correctional AssociationAmerican Correctional Association

Components of the Criminal Components of the Criminal Justice SystemJustice System

Law Enforcement AgenciesLaw Enforcement Agencies

JailsJails

CourtsCourts

CorrectionsCorrections

Probation and ParoleProbation and Parole

Law Enforcement AgenciesLaw Enforcement Agencies Operate at:Operate at:

FederalFederal StateState CountyCounty CityCity

Responsible for:Responsible for: Prevention of crimePrevention of crime Investigation of crimeInvestigation of crime Apprehension of criminalsApprehension of criminals

JailsJails

Usually operated by Local Law Usually operated by Local Law EnforcementEnforcement

House Misdemeanors & Gross House Misdemeanors & Gross MisdemeanorsMisdemeanors

House Accused Awaiting TrialHouse Accused Awaiting Trial

CourtsCourts

Determine guilt or innocenceDetermine guilt or innocence

Oversee components of the criminal Oversee components of the criminal justice systemjustice system

JailsJails

PrisonsPrisons

To ensure confinement practices are lawfulTo ensure confinement practices are lawful

CorrectionsCorrections

Long Term ConfinementLong Term Confinement

RehabilitationRehabilitation

House Convicted FelonsHouse Convicted Felons

House County Safe KeepersHouse County Safe Keepers

Uncontrollable Jail InmatesUncontrollable Jail Inmates

Parole & ProbationParole & Probation

ParoleParole To supervise, for a specific amount of To supervise, for a specific amount of

time, persons who have been released time, persons who have been released from serving time in a state facilityfrom serving time in a state facility

ProbationProbation To supervise persons who have been To supervise persons who have been

released into the community (under released into the community (under certain conditions) who have been found certain conditions) who have been found guilty of a crime guilty of a crime

Types of Correctional Facilities Types of Correctional Facilities and their Roles:and their Roles:

JailsJails

PrisonsPrisons

Community-Based Community-Based FacilitiesFacilities

Correctional Agencies GoalsCorrectional Agencies Goals __________________ - Punishment for its - Punishment for its

own sake (to pay back society)own sake (to pay back society) ____________________ - to deter an - to deter an

individual from committing individual from committing future crimesfuture crimes

______________________ - “house” people to - “house” people to prevent offenders from prevent offenders from committing more crimes. Take committing more crimes. Take away their freedom.away their freedom.

________________________ - correct, - correct, challenge behavior, emphasis challenge behavior, emphasis on reformingon reforming

RetributioRetributionn

DeterrencDeterrencee

IncarceratioIncarcerationn

RehabilitatioRehabilitationn

SentencingSentencing

Concurrent vs. Consecutive Concurrent vs. Consecutive SentencesSentences

ConcurrentConcurrent – – ________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

ConsecutiveConsecutive – – ________________________________________

______________________________________ ______________________________________

Sentences runs Sentences runs

together or at the same time as together or at the same time as

another sentenceanother sentence Second sentence Second sentence

does not start until the first is does not start until the first is

completecomplete

__________________________ – ten to fifteen in a – ten to fifteen in a state prison.state prison.

__________________________ – one year at a drug – one year at a drug rehabilitation hospital.rehabilitation hospital.

IndeterminateIndeterminate

DeterminateDeterminate

Philosophy for TodayPhilosophy for Today

Classification systemClassification system Specialized facilities for classified Specialized facilities for classified

groupsgroups Education/vocational trainingEducation/vocational training Religious guidanceReligious guidance Prisoner counselingPrisoner counseling Prisoner pay for their workPrisoner pay for their work Individual cellsIndividual cells Community treatment programCommunity treatment program Probation and ParoleProbation and Parole

__________________ – is to offer an – is to offer an alternative to confinement while alternative to confinement while still providing supervision of still providing supervision of offendersoffenders

__________________ – is to allow prisoners an – is to allow prisoners an early return to society, while early return to society, while keeping home under close keeping home under close supervisionsupervision

ProbationProbation

ParoleParole

JailsJails

Locally OperatedLocally Operated

Smaller/House less inmateSmaller/House less inmate

Population fluctuates oftenPopulation fluctuates often

PrisonPrison

State/federally OperatedState/federally Operated Usually house inmate with over Usually house inmate with over

1 year sentence1 year sentence Prisons are usually Prisons are usually

predominately one custody levelpredominately one custody level MinimumMinimum MediumMedium MaximumMaximum

Custody LevelCustody Level

1. 1. ________________________________

Inmate is given much freedomInmate is given much freedom No guard towersNo guard towers Minimum supervisionMinimum supervision One year or less on sentenceOne year or less on sentence No sex crime, no violent crimeNo sex crime, no violent crime Almost write-up freeAlmost write-up free

Minimum Minimum SecuritySecurity

Custody LevelCustody Level

2.2. ______________________________

Two fences with razor wireTwo fences with razor wire Guard towersGuard towers Inmates have yard accessInmates have yard access Have more supervision (counts, Have more supervision (counts,

lockup)lockup)

Medium SecurityMedium Security

Custody LevelCustody Level

3.3. ________________________________

Very little free movementVery little free movement Watched almost 24 hours a dayWatched almost 24 hours a day Can only go outside the prison under Can only go outside the prison under

armed escortarmed escort 2 fences and a lot of razor wire2 fences and a lot of razor wire Towers and armed posts all overTowers and armed posts all over Life sentence, more than 20 yearsLife sentence, more than 20 years

Maximum Maximum SecuritySecurity

In Addition In Addition

____________________________________

__________________________________________

Restitution Restitution CenterCenter

Transitional HousingTransitional Housing

Community Based FacilitiesCommunity Based Facilities

Half-Way HouseHalf-Way House

Drug RehabilitationDrug Rehabilitation

Usually Non-violent CrimesUsually Non-violent Crimes

Alternatives to PrisonAlternatives to Prison

Nevada uses 6 alternativesNevada uses 6 alternatives1. 1. ______________________ (military style (military style

discipline/control)discipline/control)

2.2. ________________________

3.3. ______________________________________

4.4. ________________________

5.5. ______________________________________

6.6. ______________________________________

Boot CampsBoot Camps

ProbationProbationHouse Arrest House Arrest (Ankle (Ankle Bracelet)Bracelet)Work ReleaseWork Release

Community ServiceCommunity ServiceInterim InmatesInterim Inmates