8/8/2019 Modern African History Annotations

1/3

Lfqfjy Dku`fyDkkmudufe Aia`imcqd~hy

5 Efofjafq 1>>3

I i`` eisovss fdoh sfouimk mb jy sy``davs af`m+

Ikuqmevouimk

Jy cmd` ik uhis sfouimk is um cirf d rfqy aqifb mrfqrif mb uhf omvqsf du hdke+ I#rfhich`ichufe uhf cfkfqd` sfouimks uhf omvqsf is eiriefe ikum, ds f`` ds uhf fj~hdsis Idku um ~`dof v~mk jfeid ~fqof~uimk mb uhf Dbqiodk kduimks+ Qichu ddy, I jdgf iugkmk uhdu I ikufke um efrf`m~ uhf suvefkus qiuikc sgi``s dke dkd`yuiod` uhikgikc dai`iuy7uhis cmd` is qfd`i|fe uhqmvch uhf vsf mb qfdouimk ~d~fqs, cqmv~ ~qmlfous dke ik o`dsseisovssimk mk uhf omkfflcvqduimk mb frfqy hisumqiod` mqg dssickfe+

Dssickfe Ufxus

I ohmsf uhf Amdhfk dke @fcvj ufxus ~qijdqi`y mk uhfiq aqfriuy, ief som~f, dkerif~miku+ Uhfsf ufxus d`sm fflu tviuf kiof`y iuhik uhf bmvq sfouimk suqvouvqf, ds uhfyomrfq uhf fflqsu dke uhiqe ~mquimks mb uhf omvqsf iuh uhfiq omkufku+ Uhf Amdhfk ufxu~qmriefs dk Dbqiodk rif~miku mk uhf om`mkid` ~qmofss iksuicdufe dke jdikudikfe ayuhf Fvqm~fdk ~mfqs+ I bf`u ~qmjmuikc uhis rif~miku ds fs~foid``y ij~mqudku,omksiefqikc uhf kduvqf mb uhf um~io eisovssfe+ D`sm, uhf ufxu, hi`f omrfqikc uhf jdikiefds mb om`mkid`isj dke Dbqiodk qfsisudkof, emfs sm ik vkefq 41> ~dcfs+

Uhf @fcvj ufxu is d`sm omj~dou, ffl``ikc mvu um lvsu vkefq 4>> ~dcfs+ Bmq uhfsdjf qfdsmks I ohmsf uhf Amdhfk ufxu, I sf`foufe @fcvj um af uhf adogcqmvke ufxu bmquhf uhf uhiqe sfouimk mb uhf omvqsf+ @fcvj#s ~fqs~fouirf eibbfqs bqmj uhdu mb Amdhfk,

dke I ~`dk um vsf uhis eibbfqfkof um fx~`mqf uhf ikuqiodoifs mb ~fqs~fouirf mk hisumqiod`mqg+

I d`sm sf`foufe sfrfk lmvqkd` dquio`fs dke um ohd~ufqs bqmj om``foufe feiuimks mbDbqiodk hisumqy um dou ds adogcqmvke qfdeikc bmq sfouimks um dke bmvq ik uhf omvqsf+Uhfsf qfdeikcs omrfq um~ios qdkcikc bqmj uhf ikufq~`dy mb ~m`iuios dke ijdcf ik bmqfickdie ~dogdcfs qfofirfe bqmj uhf V_ dke uhf _mrifu Vkimk um qfodsuikc \v`v iefkuiuyuhqmvch omkufj~mqdqy qdeim eqdjds+ Uhfsf dquio`fs qf~qfsfku qfofku sohm`dqshi~ ikuhf fflf`e, dke ~qmrief suvefkus iuh kmu mk`y eirfqsf rif~mikus, avu d`sm omj~douhisumqiod` dqcvjfkus uhdu odk af ~iogfe d~dqu bmq o`dss eisovssimk dke `fdqkikc+

Shi`f kmu iko`vefe ik uhf #Dssickfe Ufxus# sfouimk, I d`sm ~`dkkfe um soqffk umffl`js7 mkf afikc uhf emovjfkudqy #Edqik#s Kichujdqf#, uhf muhfq Bqmku`ikf#s s~foid`

omrfqikc uhf Qdkedk Jdssdoqf+ Edqik#s Kichujdqf is damvu uhf sumogikc mb @dgfRioumqid, 59& mb hioh is vkefq omkuqm` ay Udk|dkid, iuh Ki`f ^fqoh, d rioimvs aqffe mbfflsh uhdu hds ohmgfe mvu qfjdikikc fflsh ~m~v`duimks+ Evf um uhf fomkmjio afkffflu uhf~fqoh ~qmriefs, uhqmvch uqdef iuh Fvqm~f, uhf fom`mciod` efsuqvouimk mb `dgf s~foifsomkuikvfs+ Uhfqf is d`sm d bmovs mk uhf kfm*om`mkid` ds~fou um uhf efd`, ds Fvqm~fdksbmsufq d qf`duimkshi~ uhdu emfs kmu dssisu uhf Udk|dkidk ~m~v`duimk, jfqf`y fx~`miu uhfjbvquhfq+ Bqmku`ikf#s s~foid` omrfqikc uhf Qdkedk Jdssdoqf qfrifs uhf ohdik mbfrfkus `fdeikc v~ um uhf jdss gi``ikcs, iuh ikufqrifs iuh gfy Qfe Oqmss, VK, V_,

8/8/2019 Modern African History Annotations

2/3

dke Dbqiodk `fdefqs+ Uhf fflqsu hdke doomvku, omjaikfe iuh uhf cqd~hio riefm bmmudcf,hf`~s um aqikc uhf oqisis ikum shdq~fq bmovs bmq uhf suvefkus+

Cqdefe Omj~mkfkus bmq uhis Omvqsf

I dsgfe jy suvefkus um ~qmevof uhqff qfdouimk ~d~fqs, evf uhqmvchmvu uhfsfjfsufq, omrfqikc um~ios dke uhfjfs iuhik uhf fflqsu uhqff sfouimks+ Uhfsf ~d~fqs dqfmquh d umud` mb 4>&, dke sfqrf jdik`y ds d jfuhme um qfikbmqof qiuikc sgi``sdssmoidufe iuh hisumqiod` suveifs+ Jy mqicikd` ~`dk ds um ikomq~mqduf bmvq qfdouimk~d~fqs, iuh mkf omrfqikc uhf fsufqk ~fqof~uimk mb jfeid umdqes Dbqiod, avu efoiefeiksufde um hdrf suvefkus ~qmevof d jfeid a`mc+ Evqikc uhf uqi~ um uhf `iaqdqy, suvefkusi`` `fdqk damvu uhf eiciud` dke ~hysiod` qfsmvqofs drdi`da`f du Sdusmk um eic uhqmvchkfs~d~fqs dke jdcd|ikfs+ I dku suvefkus um om``fou fxdj~`fs* kfs~qiku,jdcd|ikf dquio`fs, ~hmumcqd~hs* dke ~msu uhfiq fflkeikcs mk d a`mc+ (A`mccikc sfqriofsdqf fdsy um vsf dke bqff) Ik deeiuimk, suvefkus i`` af dsgfe um omjjfku mk uhfiqfxdj~`fs, shdqikc uhfiq qfsv`us iuh uhfiq bf``m suvefkus mk*`ikf mq ik*o`dss evqikc

eisovssimk+Cqmv~ ~qmlfous i`` bmovs mk ~qmrieikc jmqf ik*ef~uh omrfqdcf mb uhmsf Dbqiodk

kduimks qfofirikc `fss duufkuimk evqikc uhf omvqsf+ _uvefkus i`` af dsgfe um ~qmevof d?> jikvuf ~qfsfkuduimk mrfq uhfiq um~io, vui`i|ikc ~mfq~miku-s`iefs-jv`uijfeid~qfsfkuduimk um eis~`dy uhfiq fflkeikcs+ Cqmv~s jvsu d`sm ~qmevof d ~d~fq svjjdqi|ikcuhfiq ~qfsfkuduimks uhdu odkkmu fxoffe fichu ~dcfs+ Frd`vduimk i`` moovq uhqmvch duhqff ~dqu ~qmofss7 ~ffqs mb uhf cqmv~, muhfq suvefkus ik uhf o`dss, dke jysf`b i``frd`vduf uhf cqmv~s ~fqbmqjdkof+ Uhfsf frd`vduimks i` kmu af fichufe ftvd``y, ds Ii`` hdrf uhf effflkiuf sdy ik uhf fflkd` cqdef+ Hmfrfq, uhf ~fqs~fouirf cdikfe uhqmvchum muhfq siefs i`` d``m jf um cduhfq d afuufq ~iouvqf mb ikeirievd` suvefku~fqbmqjdkof, dke d`sm ~qmjmuf jmqf douirf `isufkikc bmq uhf dveifkof+

Uhf jieufqj is ik*o`dss, hi`f uhf fflkd` is udgf*hmjf+ Jy qfdsmkikc bmq uhis isuhdu uhf jieufqj i`` mk`y omrfq uhf fflqsu um sfouimks mb jdufqid`, uhfqfbmqf dk ik*o`dssfssdy mv`e af jmsu d~~qm~qiduf+ I ohmsf um jdgf uhf fflkd` udgf*hmjf, ds uhf jdufqid`omrfqfe mv`e af amuh omj~qfhfksirf dke sf`fouirf um uhf sfouimks omrfqfe ik uhfsfomke hd`b mb uhf sfjfsufq+ Siuh uhf rdqifuy mb smvqofs omrfqfe, suvefkus i`` kffeuijf um ~qmofss dke mqcdki|f uhf ikbmqjduimk afbmqf afikc da`f um qiuf ik d uhmvchubv`jdkkfq mk d omj~qfhfksirf fssdy+ _uvefkus i`` af dsgfe um ~qmevof um qfs~mksfs,iuh d fflrf ~dcf jdxijvj ij~msfe bmq amuh+

Duufkedkof i`` af udgfk du qdkemj ikufqrd`s evqikc uhf omvqsf+ I dj kmu d aicaf`ifrfq ik udgikc edi`y duufkedkof, ds iu s`ms emk uhf afcikkikc mb o`dss dke iscfkfqd``y kmu kfofssdqy* suvefkus hm bdi` um shm v~ um o`dss vsvd``y shm svoh

ef`iktvfkoy ik jmqf ~qfssikc dodefjio dssickjfkus+ I hdrf d`sm omjaikfeduufkedkof iuh ~dquioi~duimk, iuh d ~dquiov`dq fj~hdsis mk suvefkus aqikcikc uhfdssickfe qfdeikc um o`dss+ Kmuhikc is jmqf bqvsuqduikc uhdk um af qfdey um eisovss dkdquio`f dke hdrf km amey ik uhf dveifkof iuh d om~y+ ^dquioi~duimk is d`sm jfdsvqfeuhqmvch ffg`y qfs~mksfs ~qmevofe ay uhf suvefkus mk uhf eisovssimk amdqe mkA`dogamdqe+ Hfqf, suvefkus i`` ~msu tvfsuimks mq masfqrduimks uhfy jdef hi`fqfdeikc uhf dssickfe ufxus+ Uhfsf tvfsuimks i`` af eisovssfe du uhf afcikkikc mbfrfqy o`dss ffg+

8/8/2019 Modern African History Annotations

3/3

Edi`y _ohfev`f " Dssickfe Qfdeikcs

I hdrf aqmgfk uhf omvqsf ikum bmvq sfouimks7 uhf om`mkid` ikuqmevouimk dke `fcdoy,suqvcc`f bmq ikef~fkefkof, fdq`y yfdqs mb ikef~fkefkof, dke uhf jmefqk ~fqime-bvuvqf

mb Dbqiod+ I uhmvchu damvu eirieikc uhf omvqsf d`mkc `ikfs mb cfmcqd~hy, avu uhis mv`e~qmevof d eibfflov`u ijdcf bmq suvefkus um ijdcikf+ _ikof jmsu svqrfy doomvkus mbDbqiodk hisumqy vsf ohqmkm`mciod` mqifkuduimk, I efoiefe um cm d`mkc dke mqcdki|f jyomvqsf d`mkc siji`dq `ikfs+ Jy cmd` is um hdrf suvefkus qfde `fss uhdk ?> ~dcfs bmqfrfqy o`dss* dky jmqf dke I bff` uhdu uhfy mv`e afomjf `msu mq eisikufqfsufe+Qfdouimk ~d~fqs dqf evf um ffgs afbmqf uhf fke mb d vkiu, d``mikc suvefkus uijf um~qmofss uhf jdufqid` omrfqfe afbmqf afikc dsgfe um qiuf+ Cqmv~ ~qfsfkuduimks,~msiuimkfe du uhf fke mb fdoh sfouimk, ~qmrief d smqu mb qfrif dke bvquhfq fx~`mqduimkqm``fe ikum mkf+ ^fqimeiod``y, uhf o`dss i`` eisovss uhf qfsv us mb uhfiq jfeid a`mcs dkefx~`mqf uhf issvfs omkudikfe iuhik+