Models for Knowledge Transfer – an Intellectual Property approach

September 29, Trieste

Ulf Petrusson

Professor of Law, School of Business Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg

Professor II, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Director, Center for Intellectual Property, Chalmers University of

Technology and University of Gothenburg Director, Institute for Innovation and Social Change, University

of Gothenburg

Knowledge-transfer in Universities – an intellectual property approach

IAM model: Academic environments are enabled to take a proactive and integrated responsibility for their research result

Venture creation model: Researchers/students create ideas which are verified and commercialized by a university-based innovation system

Collaboration model: Researchers, together with lawyers etc., govern background and project results

Licensing model: Invention disclosures to TTO’s who file for patents and license

Licensing model

• Patentable inventions and other IPRs

• Inventor/inventors

• Technical description

• General purpose

• Advantages and improvements over existing methods, devices or materials

• Commercial potential

• Publication plan

The foundation in the Invention Disclosure connected to a TTO

Collaboration model

7

• Settings: – Research projects

– Research consortia

– Knowledge and innovation clusters

– Research and innovation arenas

• Elements: – Framework program regulation

– National regulation

– Model program contract

– Program contracts/policy

– Model project contract

– Project contracts/ policy

– Organizational solutions

– Internal contracts of the party

The foundation in the contractual governance of IP

IP-based collaboration

8

Background Project results

• Ownership • Access • Use • Conditions

Venture creation model

9

• The idea: – Unique solution

– Interested researcher/student

– A pre-business plan

– IP-based controllability

• The Innovation system: – Incubators

– E-ship-schools

– Seed capitalists

– Etc.

The foundation is the controllable idea

Spin-off?

10

• Research tools • Databases and information collections • Diagnostic tools • Production and development tools • System innovations • Features (elements in product concepts) • Content • Artistic work

• Education • Research results • Publication

• Products • Services per hr

IAM model: Academic environments are enabled to take a proactive and integrated responsibility for their research result

Public domain

Innovation process

Applicable to specific stakeholders

Contractual network

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available in open contractual structures/networks

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available as products and knowledge organizations

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available/ applicable to specific stakeholders

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available to the public

Assets are managed as portfolios in contract-based knowledge platforms

Assets are packaged as controlled ideas, which can be further developed as

innovations

Assets are managed as background and project results – may require

patentability or other types of control

Assets are transferred to the public domain without any intellectual

property right restrictions

The IAM-model

Research Education

Utilization

UTILISATION CONSIDERATIONS

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available in open contractual structures/networks

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available to the public

The academic environment acts to make knowledge available as innovation projects

Public domain Innovation process Contractual network Applicable to specific stakeholders

The academic environment acts to make knowledge applicable for specific stakeholders

*Assets are transferred to the public domain without any intellectual property right restrictions

*Assets are managed as back-ground and project results – which may require patentability or other types of control

*Assets are packaged as control-led ideas, which can be further developed as innovations.

*Assets are managed as portfol-ios of background and project results in contract-based knowledge platforms

Research results are made publically available through academic publishing Scientific articles Scientific books Reports Conference contributions

Research results are made publically available through academic education Courses, seminars and other educational efforts Handbooks and textbooks Other educational materials Research results are made publically available through popular science activities Popular science books Science radio/TV Debate articles, social media and other social dialogue Home pages etc. Other information material

Activities to make research result publically available in the public domain

accessibility + IAM + diffusion = societal resource

Activities to make research results applicable for users in society

Research results are made applicable through research activities Contract research Collaborative research Adjunct professors, industrial PhD’s and other researcher exchange

Research results are made applicable through educational activities Contract education Exam-work, student internships and similar Handbooks and other published training material Instructions, manuals, documented decision support and other information material Students are trained and hired Research results are made applicable through other knowledge transfer Positions of trust, e.g. expert positions and membership Partnership programs and other institutionalized collaboration Licensing Development projects Consultancy services Societal dialogue Researchers are employed by external actors

applicability + IAM + transfer = societal resource

Activities to develop research results into innovations

Research results are developed into innovations as processes integrated in research Social-innovation projects Projects on organizational and institutional innovations Projects on IT-based product- and service innovation, such as research tools and tools for diagnostics Research results are developed into innovation integrated in the education Student innovation projects By students in entrepreneurship schools etc. connected to the environment

Research results are developed into innovation outside the academic environment In a project incubator associated to the university By the TTO/innovation office In start-up-companies in a university incubator By a privately owned company By existing firms owned by researchers etc.

packaging of innovations + IAM + development = societal resource

Research results are included in educational platforms Databases for research purposes Openly developed software for research purposes Research consortia and other institutions where research results are contractually governed Research results are included in educational platforms Databases for educational purposes Openly developed software for educational purposes E-learning platforms and similar Research results are included in ”commons” Databases open for the public Open source software ”Creative commons” and similar contractually governed platforms Research results are included in open innovation platforms Databases for innovation purposes etc. Openly developed software Open and contractually governed innovation platforms Patent pools and other IPR-based platforms

Activities to include research results in open knowledge platforms

open inclusion + IAM + open access and usage = societal resource

SOCIETAL RESOURCE:

SOCIETAL IMPACT: To what extent do we contribute to concrete value creation in society?

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: To what extent have we taken a reasonable social responsibility from an academic point of view?

Research results are utilized in open contractual structures/networks The research result becomes a societal resource when it is included in databases and other platforms/ networks which through portfolio management is made openly available to different stakeholders

Open and free knowledge Innovation Knowledge platform Applicable knowledge

Idea och knowledge driven collaboration Societal resource

The chllenges of society are managed through independent academic research Through independent research, education and societal dialogue, we affect the society and create societal impact

Research results are utilized by being made applicable to specific stakeholders The research result becomes a societal resource when it is made applicable and transferred to stakeholder along with enough control to enable implementation

Research results are utilized through innovation processes The research result becomes a societal resource when it is identified as ideas that are controlled in projects to be developed as innovation processes in society

The challenges of society are managed through interactions with specific stakeholders Through collaborative research, education and other forms of partnerships with specific action, we affect society and therefore create societal impact

The challenges of society are managed in solution-focused projects Through driving need-based projects, we adress societal challenges and create societal impact

The challenges of society are managed in open knowledge platforms Through the development and governance of open platforms, we adress societal challenges and create societal impact

Research results are utilized by being made available to the public domain The research result becomes a societal resource when it is publically available with any intellectual property right restrictions

Challenge driven collaboration Social impact