Modellinglabmanual

8/9/2019 Modellinglabmanual

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Stani Memorial College of Engineering And Technology, PhagiElectrical Engineering

7EE8 Power System Modeling & Simulation La Manual

LAB MANUAL

Subject Code: 7EE8

POWER SYSTEM MODELING & SIMULATION LAB (IV B. Tech VII Semester EE)

E t!b"# $ed #% e!' ()))

DEPARTMENT O* ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

STANI MEMORIAL COLLEGE O* ENGINEERING & TEC+NOLOGY,

P+AGI, -AIPUR . /)/))0

Web #te: 1112 3cet2#%

1
http://www.smcet.in/http://www.smcet.in/


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LIST O* E4PERIMENTS

Simulate Swing E!uation in Simulin" #MATLA$%

' Modeling of Synchronous Machine'

(' Modeling of )nduction Machine'

*' Simulate sim+le circuits using Circuit Ma"er'

' #A% Modeling of Synchronous Machine with PSS'

#$% Simulation of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS de.ice'

/' #A% Modeling of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS de.ice'

#$% Simulation of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS de.ices'

0' -ACTS Controller designs with -ACT de.ices for SM)$ system'

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E4PERIMENT NO2 5

A#3: 6 Simulate Swing E!uation in Simulin" #MATLA$%'

A !'!tu 'e u#'ed:6 MATLA$ Software 2

T$eo' :6

The e!uation go.erning rotor motion of a synchronous machine is ased on the elementary +rinci+lein dynamics which states that accelerating tor!ue is the +roduct of the moment of inertia of the rotortimes its angular acceleration' )n the M1S #meter2"ilogram2second% system of units this e!uation can

e written for the synchronous gene rotor in the form3

4here the sym ols ha.e the following meanings3

5 6 The total moment of inertia of the rotor m asses, in "g2m(

m 6 the angular dis+lacement of the rotor with res+ect to a stationary a is, in mechanical radians

#rad%

t 6 time, in seconds #s%

Tm 6 the mechanical or shaft tor!ue su++lied y the +rime mo.er less retarding tor!ue due to

rotational losses, i n 92m Te the net electrical or electromagnetic tor!ue, in 92m

Ta 6 the net accelerating tor!ue, in 92m'

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C#'cu#t D#!9'!3:6

#a% # %

#a% Swing cur.e for machine if fault cleared in :'* sec'

# % Swing cur.e for machine if fault cleared in :'/ sec'

P'ec!ut#o% :6

' ;o not tam+er with the settings of software'(' Study the all o ser.ations .ery carefully'

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P'ocedu'e:6

Ob e' !t#o% T!b"e:6

C!"cu"!t#o% :6

Re u"t:6 Simulation of Swing E!uation in Simulin" #MATLA$% has een done'

Re;e'e%ce :6

' htt+3


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E4PERIMENT NO2 (

A#3 32 Modeling of Synchronous Machine'

A !'!tu Re u#'ed:6 MATLA$ software'

T$eo' :6

The Synchronous Machine loc" o+erates in generator or motor modes' The o+erating mode isdictated y the sign of the mechanical +ower #+ositi.e for generator mode, negati.e for motor mode%' The electrical +art of the machine is re+resented y a si th2order state2s+ace model and themechanical +art is the same as in the Sim+lified Synchronous Machine loc"'

The model ta"es into account the dynamics of the stator, field, and dam+er windings' The e!ui.alentcircuit of the model is re+resented in the rotor reference frame #!d frame%' All rotor +arameters andelectrical !uantities are .iewed from the stator' They are identified y +rimed .aria les' Thesu scri+ts used are defined as follows3

d,q3 d and ! a is !uantity

R,s3 otor and stator !uantity

l,m3 Lea"age and magnetiBing inductance

f,k 3 -ield and dam+er winding !uantity

The electrical model of the machine is

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with the following e!uations'

9ote that this model assumes currents flowing into the stator windings' The measured stator currents

returned y the Synchronous Machine loc" #)a, ) , )c, )d, )!% are the currents flowing out of the

machine'

D#!"o9 Bo? !%d P!'!3ete' :6 )n the o1e'"#b li rary you can choose etween three Synchronous

Machine loc"s to s+ecify the +arameters of the model' They simulate e actly the same synchronous

machine model the only difference is the way of entering the +arameter units in the P!'!3ete' ta '

P'e et 3ode":6 Pro.ides a set of +redetermined electrical and mechanical +arameters for .arious

synchronous machine ratings of +ower #"DA%, +hase2to2+hase .oltage #D%, fre!uency # B%, and rated

s+eed #r+m%'

Select one of the +reset models to load the corres+onding electrical and mechanical +arameters in the

entries of the dialog o ' Select 9o if you do not want to use a +reset model, or if you want tomodify some of the +arameters of a +reset model, as descri ed elow'

4hen you select a +reset model, the electrical and mechanical +arameters in the P!'!3ete' ta of

the dialog o ecome unmodifia le #grayed out%' To start from a gi.en +reset model and then

modify machine +arameters, you ha.e to do the following3

' Select the desired +reset model to initialiBe the +arameters'

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(' Change the P'e et 3ode" +arameter .alue to 9o' This will not change the machine

+arameters' $y doing so, you >ust rea" the connection with the +articular +reset model'*' Modify the machine +arameters as you wish, then clic" A " '

Mec$!%#c!" #% ut:6 Allows you to select either the tor!ue a++lied to the shaft or the rotor s+eed as

the Simulin" signal a++lied to the loc"Fs in+ut'

Select Mec$!%#c!" o1e' P3 to s+ecify a mechanical +ower in+ut, in 4 or in +u, and change

la eling of the loc"Fs in+ut to Pm' The machine s+eed is determined y the machine )nertia 5 #or

inertia constant for the +u machine% and y the difference etween the mechanical tor!ue Tm,

resulting from the the a++lied mechanical +ower Pm, and the internal electromagnetic tor!ue Te' The

sign con.ention for the mechanical +ower is the following3 when the s+eed is +ositi.e, a +ositi.e

mechanical +ower signal indicates generator mode and a negati.e signal indicates motor mode'

Select S eed 1 to s+ecify a s+eed in+ut, in rad


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Roto' t e:6 S+ecify rotor ty+e3 Salient2+ole or ound #cylindrical%' This choice affects the num er

of rotor circuits in the !2a is #dam+er windings%'

M! @ u%#t :6 S+ecifies the units of the electrical and mechanical +arameters of the model' This

+arameter is not modifia le it is +ro.ided for information +ur+oses only'

No3#%!" o1e', o"t!9e, ;'e ue%c , ;#e"d cu''e%t:6 The total three2+hase a++arent +ower Pn #DA%,

MS line2to2line .oltage Dn #D%, fre!uency fn # B%, and field current ifn #A%'The nominal field

current is the current that +roduces nominal terminal .oltage under no2load conditions' This model

was de.elo+ed with all !uantities .iewed from the stator' The nominal field current ma"es it +ossi le

to com+ute the transformation ratio of the machine, which allows you to a++ly the field .oltage

.iewed from the rotor, as in real life' This also allows the field current, which is a .aria le in the

out+ut .ector of the model, to e .iewed from the rotor' )f the .alue of the nominal field current is

not "nown, you must enter : or lea.e it lan"' Since the transformation ratio cannot e determined in

this case, you ha.e to a++ly the field .oltage as .iewed from the stator and the field current in the

out+ut .ector is also .iewed from the stator'

St!to':6 The resistance s #I%, lea"age inductance Lls # %, and d2a is and !2a is magnetiBing

inductances Lmd # % and Lm! # %'

*#e"d:6 The field resistance fF #I% and lea"age inductance LlfdF # %, oth referred to the stator'

D!3 e' :6 The d2a is resistance "dF #I% and lea"age inductance Ll"dF # %, the !2a is resistance

"! F #I% and lea"age inductance Ll"! F # %, and #only if round rotor% the !2a is resistance "!(F

#I% and lea"age inductance Ll"!(F # %' All these .alues are referred to the stator'

I%e't#!, ;'#ct#o% ;!cto', o"e !#' :6 The inertia coefficient 5 #"g'm ( %, friction factor - #9'm's%, and

num er of +ole +airs +' The friction tor!ue Tf is +ro+ortional to the rotor s+eed J #Tf 6 -'J, where

Tf is e +ressed in 9'm, - in 9'm's, and J in rad


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I%#t#!" co%d#t#o%32 The initial s+eed de.iation KJ # of nominal s+eed%, electrical angle of the rotor

e #degrees%, line current magnitudes ia, i , ic #A% and +hase angles +ha, +h , +hc #degrees%, and the

initial field .oltage Df #D%'Nou can s+ecify the initial field .oltage in one of two ways' )f you "now

the nominal field current #first line, last +arameter%, enter in the dialog o the initial field .oltage in

.olts ;C referred to the rotor' Otherwise, enter a Bero as nominal field current, as e +lained earlier,

and s+ecify the initial field .oltage in .olts ;C referred to the stator' Nou can determine the nominal

field .oltage .iewed from the stator y selecting the D# "!


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ifn :87 A

ifd Q0R/'0 , 77 '7, R 7'/, :: '0, :8('(, 7/'R, (R*'0, *:'(, /8*'7 A

Dt QR00:, :0(*, (( *, *:0*, *7/7, *7, / 8:, /8R:, 0/07 D

S!3 "e t#3e 65 ;o' #%$e'#ted

S+ecifies the sam+le time used y the loc"' To inherit the sam+le time s+ecified in the

Powergui loc", set this +arameter to 2 '

I% ut !%d Out ut :6 The units of in+uts and out+uts .ary according to which dialog o was used

to enter the loc" +arameters' )f the fundamental +arameters in S) units is used, the in+uts and

out+uts are in S) units #e ce+t for dw in the .ector of internal .aria les, which is always in +u, and

angle , which is always in rad%' Otherwise, the in+uts and out+uts are in +u'

P3:6 The first Simulin" in+ut is the mechanical +ower at the machineFs shaft' )n generating mode,

this in+ut can e a +ositi.e constant or function or the out+ut of a +rime mo.er loc" #see the

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ydraulic Tur ine and o.ernor or Steam Tur ine and o.ernor loc"s%' )n motoring mode, this

in+ut is usually a negati.e constant or function'

1: 2 The alternati.e loc" in+ut instead of Pm #de+ending on the .alue of the Mec$!%#c!" #% ut

+arameter% is the machine s+eed, in rad


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S#9%!" De;#%#t#o% U%#t

/ Stator current is=d A or +u

0 -ield current ifd A or +u

7 ;am+er winding current i"! A or +u

8 ;am+er winding current i"!( A or +u

R ;am+er winding current i"d A or +u

: Mutual flu +him! D's or +u

Mutual flu +himd D's or +u

( Stator .oltage .! D or +u

* Stator .oltage .d D or +u

otor angle de.iation d=theta rad

/ otor s+eed wm rad


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P'ec!ut#o%:6


P'ocedu'e:6

Ob e' !t#o% T!b"e:6

C!"cu"!t#o% :6

Re u"t :6 4e ha.e successfully Modelled of Synchronous Machine'

Re;e'e%ce :6

' htt+3


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E4PERIMENT NO2 /

A#3:6 Modeling of )nduction Machine'

A !'!tu Re u#'ed:6 MATLA$ Software

T$eo' :6

The Asynchronous Machine loc" o+erates in either generator or motor mode' The mode of

o+eration is dictated y the sign of the mechanical tor!ue3

)f Tm is +ositi.e, the machine acts as a motor'

)f Tm is negati.e, the machine acts as a generator'

The electrical +art of the machine is re+resented y a fourth2order state2s+ace model and the

mechanical +art y a second2order system' All electrical .aria les and +arameters are referred to the

stator' This is indicated y the +rime signs in the machine e!uations gi.en elow' All stator and rotor

!uantities are in the ar itrary two2a is reference frame #d! frame%' The su scri+ts used are defined as

follows3

Sub c'# t De;#%#t#o%

d d a is !uantity

! ! a is !uantity

r otor !uantity

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Sub c'# t De;#%#t#o%

s Stator !uantity

l Lea"age inductance

m MagnetiBing inductance

E"ect'#c!" S te3

Mec$!%#c!" S te3

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The Asynchronous Machine loc" +arameters are defined as follows #all !uantities are

referred to the stator%3

P!'!3ete' De;#%#t#o%

s, L ls Stator resistance and lea"age inductance

F r , LFlr otor resistance and lea"age inductance

Lm MagnetiBing inductance

Ls, LFr Total stator and rotor inductances

D !s , i !s ! a is stator .oltage and current

DF!r , iF!r ! a is rotor .oltage and current

Dds, ids d a is stator .oltage and current

DFdr , iFdr d a is rotor .oltage and current

!s , ds Stator ! and d a is flu es

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P!'!3ete' De;#%#t#o%

F!r , Fdr otor ! and d a is flu es

J m Angular .elocity of the rotor

m otor angular +osition

+ 9um er of +ole +airs

J r Electrical angular .elocity #J m +%

r Electrical rotor angular +osition # m +%

Te Electromagnetic tor!ue

Tm Shaft mechanical tor!ue

5 Com ined rotor and load inertia coefficient' Set to infinite to simulate loc"ed rotor'

Com ined rotor and load inertia constant' Set to infinite to simulate loc"ed rotor'

- Com ined rotor and load .iscous friction coefficient

D#!"o9 Bo? !%d P!'!3ete'

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Nou can choose etween two Asynchronous Machine loc"s to s+ecify the electrical and mechanical

+arameters of the model, y using the +u Gnits dialog o or the S) dialog o ' $oth loc"s are

modeling the same asynchronous machine model' ;e+ending on the dialog o you choose to use,

SimPowerSystemsV software automatically con.erts the +arameters you enter into +er unit

+arameters' The Simulin" W model of the Asynchronous Machine loc" uses +u +arameters'

Co%;#9u'!t#o% T!b

P'e et 3ode":6 Pro.ides a set of +redetermined electrical and mechanical +arameters for .arious

asynchronous machine ratings of +ower # P%, +hase2to2+hase .oltage #D%, fre!uency # B%, and rated

s+eed #r+m%'

Select one of the +reset models to load the corres+onding electrical and mechanical +arameters in the

entries of the dialog o ' 9ote that the +reset models do not include +redetermined

saturation +arameters' Select 9o if you do not want to use a +reset model, or if you want to modify

some of the +arameters of a +reset model, as descri ed elow'

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4hen you select a +reset model, the electrical and mechanical +arameters in the P!'!3ete' ta of the

dialog o ecome unmodifia le #grayed out%' To start from a gi.en +reset model and then modify

machine +arameters, you ha.e to do the following3

' Select the desired +reset model to initialiBe the +arameters'

(' Change the P'e et 3ode" +arameter .alue to 9o' This will not change the machine +arameters'

$y doing so, you >ust rea" the connection with the +articular +reset model'

*' Modify the machine +arameters as you wish, then clic" A " '

Mec$!%#c!" #% ut 32 Allows you to select either the tor!ue a++lied to the shaft or the rotor s+eed as theSimulin" signal a++lied to the loc"Fs in+ut'

Select To' ue T3 to s+ecify a tor!ue in+ut, in 9'm or in +u, and change la eling of the loc"Fs in+ut

to Tm' The machine s+eed is determined y the machine )nertia 5 #or inertia constant for the +u

machine% and y the difference etween the a++lied mechanical tor!ue Tm and the internal

electromagnetic tor!ue Te' The sign con.ention for the mechanical tor!ue is the following3 when the

s+eed is +ositi.e, a +ositi.e tor!ue signal indicates motor mode and a negati.e signal indicates

generator mode'

Select S eed 1 to s+ecify a s+eed in+ut, in rad


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machines #+u or 9'm% and machine ratings' Also, as the inertia 5( is ignored in machine (, 5( referred

to machine s+eed must e added to machine inertia 5 '

Roto' t e:6 S+ecifies the ranching for the rotor windings'

Re;e'e%ce ;'!3e:6 S+ecifies the reference frame that is used to con.ert in+ut .oltages #a c referenceframe% to the d! reference frame, and out+ut currents #d! reference frame% to the a c reference frame'Nou can choose among the following reference frame transformations3

otor #Par" transformation%

Stationary #Clar"e or XY transformation%

Synchronous

The following relationshi+s descri e the a c2to2d! reference frame transformations a++lied to the

Asynchronous Machine +hase2to2+hase .oltages'

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)n the +receding e!uations, is the angular +osition of the reference frame, while is the difference

etween the +osition of the reference frame and the +osition #electrical% of the rotor' $ecause the

machine windings are connected in a three2wire N configuration, there is no homo+olar #:%

com+onent' This also >ustifies the fact that two line2to2line in+ut .oltages are used inside the model

instead of three line2to2neutral .oltages' The following relationshi+s descri e the d!2to2a c reference

frame transformations a++lied to the Asynchronous Machine +hase currents'

The following ta le shows the .alues ta"en y and Y in each reference frame # e is the +osition of

the synchronously rotating reference frame%'

Re;e'e%ce *'!3e

otor r :

Stationary : 2 r

Synchronous e e 2

P!'!3ete' T!b

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I% ut !%d Out ut

T3:6 The Simulin" in+ut of the loc" is the mechanical tor!ue at the machineFs shaft' 4hen the in+ut

is a +ositi.e Simulin" signal, the asynchronous machine eha.es as a motor' 4hen the in+ut is a

negati.e signal, the asynchronous machine eha.es as a generator'

4hen you use the S) +arameters mas", the in+ut is a signal in 9'm, otherwise it is in +u'

W:6 The alternati.e loc" in+ut #de+ending on the .alue of the Mec$!%#c!" #% ut +arameter% is the

machine s+eed, in rad


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M:6 The Simulin" out+ut of the loc" is a .ector containing ( signals' Nou can demulti+le these

signals y using the $us Selector loc" +ro.ided in the Simulin" li rary' ;e+ending on the ty+e of

mas" you use, the units are in S), or in +u'

S#9%!" De;#%#t#o% U%#t S 3bo"

otor current ir=a A or +u iF ra

( otor current ir= A or +u iF r

* otor current ir=c A or +u iF rc

otor current i! A or +u iF !r

/ otor current id A or +u iF dr

0 otor flu +hir=! D's or +u F!r

7 otor flu +hir=d D's or +u Fdr

8 otor .oltage Dr=! D or +u .F !r

R otor .oltage Dr=d D or +u .F d

: Stator current is=a A or +u i sa

Stator current is= A or +u i s

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S#9%!" De;#%#t#o% U%#t S 3bo"

( Stator current is=c A or +u i sc

* Stator current is=! A or +u i !s

Stator current is=d A or +u i ds

/ Stator flu +his=! D's or +u !s

0 Stator flu +his=d D's or +u ds

7 Stator .oltage .s=! D or +u . !s

8 Stator .oltage .s=d D or +u . ds

R otor s+eed rad


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' The Asynchronous Machine loc" does not include a re+resentation of the saturation of

lea"age flu es' Nou must e careful when you connect ideal sources to the machineFs stator'

)f you choose to su++ly the stator .ia a three2+hase N2connected infinite .oltage source,

you must use three sources connected in N' owe.er, if you choose to simulate a delta

source connection, you must use only two sources connected in series'

(' 4hen you use Asynchronous Machine loc"s in discrete systems, you might ha.e to use a

small +arasitic resisti.e load, connected at the machine terminals, in order to a.oid

numerical oscillations' Large sam+le times re!uire larger loads' The minimum resisti.e

load is +ro+ortional to the sam+le time' As a rule of thum , remem er that with a (/ Us

time ste+ on a 0: B system, the minimum load is a++ro imately ('/ of the machine

nominal +ower' -or e am+le, a (:: MDA asynchronous machine in a +ower system

discretiBed with a /: Us sam+le time re!uires a++ro imately / of resisti.e load or :

M4' )f the sam+le time is reduced to (: Us, a resisti.e load of M4 should e sufficient'

C#'cu#t D#!9'!3:6

P'ec!ut#o%:6


P'ocedu'e:6

Ob e' !t#o% T!b"e:6

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C!"cu"!t#o% :6

Re u"t :6 4e ha.e successfully Modelled the )nduction Machine'

Re;e'e%ce :6

' htt+3


30/52



E4PERIMENT NO2 F

A#3:6 Simulate sim+le circuits using Circuit Ma"er'

A !'!tu Re u#'ed:6 MATLA$ Software'

T$eo' :6

Create the Sim+le Model3

$efore you can egin uilding your model, you must start Simulin" and create an em+ty model'

To create a new model3

' )f Simulin" is not running, enter simulink in the MATLA$ Command 4indow to o+en theSimulin" Li rary $rowser'

(' Select *#"e Z Ne1 Z Mode" in the Simulin" Li rary $rowser to create a new model'

The software o+ens an em+ty model window'

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Adding Blocks to Your Mod l

To construct a model, you first co+y loc"s from the Simulin" Li rary $rowser to the modelwindow' To create the sim+le model in this cha+ter, you need four loc"s3

Sine 4a.e [ To generate an in+ut signal for the model

)ntegrator [ To +rocess the in+ut signal

Sco+e [ To .isualiBe the signals in the model

Mu [ To multi+le the in+ut signal and +rocessed signal into a single sco+e

To add loc"s to your model3

' Select the Sources li rary in the Simulin" Li rary $rowser'

The Simulin" Li rary $rowser dis+lays the Sources li rary'

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(' Select the Sine 4a.e loc" in the Simulin" Li rary $rowser, then drag it to the modelwindow' A co+y of the Sine 4a.e loc" a++ears in the model window'

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*' Select the Sin"s li rary in the Simulin" Li rary $rowser'

' Select the Sco+e loc" from the Sin"s li rary, then drag it to the model window'

A Sco+e loc" a++ears in the model window'

/' Select the Continuous li rary in the Simulin" Li rary $rowser'

0' Select the )ntegrator loc" from the Continuous li rary, then drag it to the model window'

An )ntegrator loc" a++ears in the model window'

7' Select the Signal outing li rary in the Simulin" Li rary $rowser'

8' Select the Mu loc" from the Sin"s li rary, then drag it to the model window'

A Mu loc" a++ears in the model window'

Mo!ing Blocks in t" Mod l #indo$

$efore you connect the loc"s in your model, you should arrange them logically to ma"e the signal

connections as straightforward as +ossi le'

To mo.e a loc" in the model window, you can either3

;rag the loc"'

Select the loc", then +ress the arrow "eys on the "ey oard'

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(' ;rag a line from the out+ut +ort to the to+ in+ut +ort of the Mu loc"'

9ote that the line is dashed while you hold the mouse utton down, and that the +ointer changes to a dou le2lined crosshairs as it a++roaches the in+ut +ort of the Mu loc"'

*' elease the mouse utton o.er the out+ut +ort'

The software connects the loc"s with an arrow that indicates the direction of signal flow'

' ;rag a line from the out+ut +ort of the )ntegrator loc" to the ottom in+ut +ort on the Mu loc"'

The software connects the loc"s'

/' Select the Mu loc", then Ctrl\clic" the Sco+e loc"'

The software automatically draws the connection line etween the loc"s'

The model should now loo" similar to the following figure'

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D'!1#%9 ! B'!%c$ L#%eThe model is almost com+lete, ut one connection is missing' To finish the model, you must connectthe Sine 4a.e loc" to the )ntegrator loc"'

This final connection is somewhat different from the other three, which all connect out+ut +orts toin+ut +orts' $ecause the out+ut +ort of the Sine 4a.e loc" already has a connection, you mustconnect this e isting line to the in+ut +ort of the )ntegrator loc"' The new line, called a ranch line,carries the same signal that +asses from the Sine 4a.e loc" to the Mu loc"'

To weld a connection to an e isting line3

' Position the mouse +ointer on the line etween the Sine 4a.e and the Mu loc"'

(' Press and hold the Ct'" "ey, then drag a line to the )ntegrator loc"Fs in+ut +ort'

The software draws a line etween the starting +oint and the in+ut +ort of the )ntegrator loc"'

The model is now com+lete' )t should loo" similar to the following figure'

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&'!ing t" Mod l

After you com+lete the model, you should sa.e it for future use'

To sa.e the model3

' Select *#"e Z S! e in the model window'

(' S+ecify the location in which you want to sa.e the model'

*' Enter simple_model in the *#"e %!3e field'

' Clic" S! e '

The software sa.es the model with the file name simple_model.mdl '

C#'cu#t D#!9'!3:6

P'ec!ut#o%:6


P'ocedu'e:6

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Ob e' !t#o% T!b"e:6

Re u"t:6 4e ha.e successfully Simulate sim+le circuits using Circuit Ma"er'

Re;e'e%ce :6

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E4PERIMENT NO2 0

A#3:6 #A% Modelling of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS & PSS de.ice#$% Simulation of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS de.ices'

A !'!tu Re u#'ed:6 MATLA$ Software'

T$eo' :6

GP-C #;etailed Model%

Mode" De c'# t#o%

A Gnified Power -low Controller #GP-C% is used to control the +ower flow in a /:: "D

transmission system' The GP-C located at the left end of the 7/2"m line L(, etween the /:: "D

uses $ and $(, is used to control the acti.e and reacti.e +owers flowing through us $( while

controlling .oltage at us $ ' )t consists of two ::2MDA, three2le.el, 82+ulse TO2 ased

con.erters, one connected in shunt at us $ and one connected in series etween uses $ and $('The shunt and series con.erters can e change +ower through a ;C us' The series con.erter can

in>ect a ma imum of : of nominal line2to2ground .oltage #(8'87 "D% in series with line L('

This +air of con.erters can e o+erated in three modes3

U%#;#ed Po1e' *"o1 Co%t'o""e' UP*C mode, when the shunt and series con.erters are

interconnected through the ;C us' 4hen the disconnect switches etween the ;C uses of

the shunt and series con.erter are o+ened, two additional modes are a.aila le3

Shunt con.erter o+erating as a St!t#c S %c$'o%ou Co3 e% !to' STATCOM controlling

.oltage at us $

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O+en the GP-C G) loc" menu' The G) allows you to choose the o+eration mode #GP-C,

STATCOM or SSSC% as well as the Pref


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Bero, then at T 6:'* sec ? is increased to \:'8 +u #STATCOM a sor ing reacti.e +ower% and at

T(6:'/ sec, ? is re.ersed to 2:'8 +u #STATCOM generating reacti.e +ower%'

un the simulation and o ser.e on the STATCOM sco+e the dynamic res+onse of the STATCOM'

_oom on the first trace around t6:'/ sec when ? is changed from \:'8 +u to 2:'8 +u' 4hen ?6\:'8

+u, the current flowing into the STATCOM #cyan trace% is lagging .oltage #magenta trace%,

indicating that STATCOM is a sor ing reacti.e +ower' 4hen ?ref is changed from \:'8 to 2:'8, the

current +hase shift with res+ect to .oltage changes from R: degrees lagging to R: degrees leading

within one cycle' This control of reacti.e +ower is o tained y .arying the magnitude of the

secondary .oltage Ds generated y the shunt con.erter while "ee+ing it in +hase with the us $

.oltage D+' This change of Ds magnitude is +erformed y controlling the dc us .oltage' 4hen ? is

changing from \:'8 +u to 2:'8 +u, Ddc #trace *% increases from 7'/ "D to ( "D'

/2 Se'#e o"t!9e #%ject#o% #% SSSC 3ode

)n the G) loc" menu change the o+eration mode to ]SSSC #Doltage in>ection%^' Ma"e sure that the

SSSC references .alues #*rd line of +arameters% QDin>=)nitial Din>=-inal Ste+Time % are set to Q:':

:':8 :'* ' The initial .oltage is set to : +u, then at t6:'* sec it will e ram+ed to :'8 +u'

un the simulation and o ser.e on the SSSC sco+e the im+act of in>ected .oltage on P and ?

flowing in the * transmission lines' Contrary to the GP-C mode, in SSCC mode the series in.erter

o+erates with a constant conduction angle #Sigma6 7('/ degrees%' The magnitude of the in>ected

.oltage is controlled y .arying the dc .oltage which is +ro+ortional to Din> #*rd trace%' Also,

o ser.e the wa.eforms of in>ected .oltages # st trace% and currents flowing through the SSSC #(nd

trace%' Doltages and currents stay in !uadrature so that the SSSC o+erates as a .aria le inductance or

ca+acitance'

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C#'cu#t D#!9'!3:6

-ig32 ;etailed Model of a 82Pulse, TO2$ased Gnified Power -low Controller #/:: "D, :: MDA%

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P'ec!ut#o%:6


P'ocedu'e:6

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Ob e' !t#o% T!b"e:6

C!"cu"!t#o% :6

Re u"t :6 4e ha.e successfully Modelied of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS & PSS de.ice andSimulate of Synchronous Machine with -ACTS & PSS de.ices''

Out+ut 4a.e -orms

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Re;e'e%ce :6

' htt+3


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E4PERIMENT NO2

A#3: 6 -ACTS Controller designs with -ACT de.ices for SM)$ system'

A !'!tu 'e u#'ed:6 MATLA$ software'

T$eo' :6

A ::2M.ar STATCOM regulates .oltage on a three2 us /::2"D system' The 82+ulse STATCOM

uses a Doltage2Sourced Con.erter #DSC% uilt of four (2+ulse three2le.el TO in.erters' Loo"

inside the STATCOM loc" to see how the DSC in.erter is uilt' The four sets of three2+hase

.oltages o tained at the out+ut of the four three2le.el in.erters are a++lied to the secondary windings

of four +hase2shifting transformers #2 / deg', 27'/ deg', 7'/ deg', \7'/ deg' +hase shifts%' The

fundamental com+onents of .oltages o tained on the /:: "D side of the transformers are added in

+hase y the serial connection of +rimary windings' Please refer to the `+ower= 8+ulsegtocon.erter`

demo to get details on the o+eration of the DSC'

;uring steady2state o+eration the STATCOM control system "ee+s the fundamental com+onent of

the DSC .oltage in +hase with the system .oltage' )f the .oltage generated y the DSC is higher #or lower% than the system .oltage, the STATCOM generates #or a sor s% reacti.e +ower' The amount of

reacti.e +ower de+ends on the DSC .oltage magnitude and on the transformer lea"age reactances'

The fundamental com+onent of DSC .oltage is controlled y .arying the ;C us .oltage' )n order to

.ary the ;C .oltage, and therefore the reacti.e +ower, the DSC .oltage angle #al+ha% which is

normally "e+t close to Bero is tem+orarily +hase shifted' This DSC .oltage lag or lead +roduces a

tem+orary flow of acti.e +ower which results in an increase or decrease of ca+acitor .oltages'

One of the three .oltage sources used in the /:: "D system e!ui.alents can e e .aried in order to

o ser.e the STATCOM dynamic res+onse to changes in system .oltage' O+en the `Programma le

Doltage Source` menu and loo" at the se!uence of .oltage ste+s which are +rogrammed'

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De3o% t'!t#o%

D %!3#c 'e o% e o; t$e STATCOM

un the simulation and o ser.e wa.eforms on the STATCOM sco+e loc"' The STATCOM is in.oltage control mode and its reference .oltage is set to Dref6 ': +u' The .oltage droo+ of the

regulator is :':* +u< :: DA'Therefore when the STATCOM o+erating +oint changes from fully

ca+aciti.e #\ :: M.ar% to fully inducti.e #2 :: M.ar% the STATCOM .oltage .aries etween 2

:':*6:'R7 +u and \:':*6 ':* +u'

)nitially the +rogramma le .oltage source is set at ': R +u, resulting in a ': +u .oltage at SDC

terminals when the STATCOM is out of ser.ice' As the reference .oltage Dref is set to ': +u, the

STATCOM is initially floating #Bero current%' The ;C .oltage is R'* "D' At t6:' s, .oltage is

suddenly decreased y '/ #:'R// +u of nominal .oltage%' The SDC reacts y generating reacti.e

+ower #?6\7: M.ar% in order to "ee+ .oltage at : 'R7R +u' The R/ settling time is a++ro imately

7 ms' At this +oint the ;C .oltage has increasded to (:' "D' Then, at t6:'( s the source .oltage is

increased to ': / +u of its nominal .alue' The SDC reacts y changing its o+erating +oint from

ca+aciti.e to inducti.e in order to "ee+ .oltage at ':( +u' At this +oint the STATCOM a sor s 7(

M.ar and the ;C .oltage has een lowered to 8'( "D' O ser.e on the first trace showing the

STATCOM +rimary .oltage and current that the current is changing from ca+aciti.e to inducti.e ina++ro imately one cycle' -inally, at t6:'* s the source .oltage in set ac" to its nominal .alue and

the STATCOM o+erating +oint comes ac" to Bero M.ar'

)f you loo" inside the `Signals and Sco+es` su system you will ha.e access to other control signals'

9otice the transient changes on al+ha angle when the ;C .oltage is increased or decreased in order

to .ary reacti.e +ower' The steady state .alue of al+ha #:'/ degrees% is the +hase shift re!uired to

maintain a small acti.e +ower flow com+ensating transformer and con.erter losses'

+o1 To Re9e%e'!te I%#t#!" Co%d#t#o%

The initial states re!uired to start this demo in steady state ha.e een sa.ed in the

`+ower=statcom=gto 8+'mat` file' 4hen you o+en this demo, the )nit-cn call ac" #in the Model

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Pro+erties


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Re u"t:6 4e ha.e successfully demonstrate -ACT de.ices for SM)$ system'

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?' 4hat is -ACTS@

?'( 4hat is SM)$@

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