Modeling and Analysis

Objectives:To successfully complete 3 projects that deal with various data types, modeling and/or analysis situations.

Goal:To provide a hands-on Modeling and Analysis experience with problems of interest to the engineeringcommunity.

Residual Saturationof soil by jet fuels

Comparison of twooutfall dilution models

Developing a model to estimate ethylene glycol use in State of Florida

Meets: MW 8:00 AM

Project Due Dates

Residual saturationof soil by jet fuels

3 weeks from now

Developing a model to estimate ethylene glycol use in State of Florida

Comparison of twooutfall dilution models

15 weeks from now

7 weeks from now

Project Deliverables for Each Student

Summary, copy, and or explanation of code, method and or procedure use to solve the project

Graphics that assist or explain the model or analysisof the project.

Development of any models (equations) needed to solve the project.

Report (Hardcopy):

Power Presentation: Some and/or all of you will present some, and/or all projects to the class

Grading Policy

Each hardcopy project report 20% of total grade

Midterm exam 20% of total grade

Oral PowerPoint presentation(s) 20% of total grade

Project #1

2) obtain, read and assimilate the contents of the report “Migration of Petroleum Products in Soil and Ground Water, Principles and Countermeasures” published by the American Petroleum Institute, December 1972.

Residual saturation of soil by jet fuels

4) Discuss with some detail the appropriateness of fit of the provided data to the intended models. Make clear recommendations if you feel models are not adequate.

1) obtain, read and assimilate the contents of a paper by George E Hoag and Michael C Marley, “Journal Environmental Engineering Volume 112, No. 3 June1986

3) Determine the conditions the provided experimental soil data meet the two different empirical models described in the reference reading provided above.

Data for Project #1

VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER AND JP-5 RESIDUAL SATURATIONSWater Residual Saturation Determination Before and After JP-5 Application:

Water Saturation Before JP-5 Application Water Saturation After JP-5 ApplicationVolume of Water Volume of Water Initial Moisture Residual Displaced Percent Residual

Applied Recovered Content Water Saturation Water Retained Water Saturation(ml) (ml) (g water/g dry soil) Swr, before JP5 (ml) Swr, after JP5

Dry SoilsSoil 1A 0 0 0.0066 0.02 0 100 0.02Soil 2A 0 0 0 0.00 0 100 0.00Soil 3A 0 0 0 0.00 0 100 0.00

Moist SoilsSoil 1B 0 0 0.115 0.30 0 100 0.30Soil 2B 0 0 0.114 0.30 0 100 0.30Soil 3B 0 0 0.099 0.26 0 100 0.26

Field Capacity SoilsSoil 1C 508 75 0 0.85 119 73 0.62Soil 2C 445 297 0 0.33 77 48 0.16Soil 3C 377 13 0 0.97 74 80 0.77

JP-5 Residual Saturation Determination:Volume of Voids JP-5 Application and JP-5 Residual Saturation

Soil Volume of Soil Porosity Volume of Volume of JP-5 Percent Residual

Sample Saturated nu Voids, Vv1

JP-5 Applied Recovered Recovered JP-5 Sat.

(cm3) (cm3) (ml) (ml) (%) SJP5R2

Dry SoilsSoil 1A 1153 0.44 508.00 305 0 0 0.59Soil 2A 1153 0.39 445.00 270 37 14 0.42Soil 3A 913 0.48 438.24 230 0 0 0.51

Moist SoilsSoil 1B 1172 0.44 516.37 310 50 16 0.41Soil 2B 1201 0.39 463.53 270 131 49 0.28Soil 3B 1153 0.48 553.44 228 0 0 0.41

Field Capacity SoilsSoil 1C 1153 0.44 508.00 310 81 26 0.34Soil 2C 1153 0.39 445.00 270 168 62 0.23Soil 3C 1153 0.48 553.44 228 136 60 0.17

Notes: 1 This value more accurately represents the effective porosity than the total porosity. For samples 1C and 3C, completesaturation may not have been attained even though ponding occurred. These values were compared using the bulkdensity and the solids density to check porosity values. The porosity of Soil 3 was changed from 0.33 to 0.48 based on this evaluation.2 Values shown for samples 1A, 3A, and 3B may be higher than estimated. Complete saturation was not achieved in these samples.

Jet Fuel Spill Non specific descriptor for fixed volume, Vbulk, of contaminated soil

Local water table

Oil lens at top of water table

Base your conclusion on four separate uses of your model using information from; a) experimental data provide, b) the empirical model from Hoag and Marley, c) the American Petroleum Institute model, d) The KOPT portion of your downloaded EPA HSSM model.

Develop a model that will indicate if removing contaminated soil is a viable solution for removing carcinogenic component in the spilled jet fuel.

Compartment model for contained spill

Mjc = V1 jc1 + V2 jc2 + V4 jf jc

Note: jc is jet fuel carcinogenic component; jf is jet fuel; is jc/jf density ratio; is the corresponding density of jc in the air (1) and water (2) compartments of the model; V4 is total volume of spilled jet fuel.

Kjc1,2 = jc1 / jc2

Residual Saturation Coefficient

Sjc = (1/) (V4/ Vbulk )

Partition Coefficients take the form

HSSM MODEL INPUT VALUES

InputParameter Data Source Simulation 1

Water Dynamic Viscosity(cp)

Weaver, 1994 1.0

Water Density (g/cm3) Weaver, 1994 1.0

Water Surface Tension(dyne/cm)

Weaver, 1994 65

Maximum krw duringinfiltration

Brakensiek, et., al., 1981 0.5

Recharge Rate (m/d) ABB-ES, 1995 0.0038

Capillary Pressure CurveModel

Weaver, 1994, Simpson, 1997,

Corey, 1977.

r = 0.065

hce (m) = 0.29

= 5

Saturated verticalhydraulic conductivity, Ks

(m/d)

USGS Modeling 1.524

Ratio of horizontal tovertical hydraulicconductivity, RKS

Laboratory Testing and USGSModeling

1.0

Porosity, Laboratory Testing and ABB-ES,1997

0.25

Bulk density, b (g/cm3) Calculated from s x (1-) where s isthe density of solids (2.65 g/cm3

typically)

1.72

Aquifer saturatedthickness (m)

ABB-ES, 1997 60

Depth to water table (m) ABB-ES, 1997 2.13

Capillary thicknessparameter (m)

Estimated 0.01

Ground water gradient(m/m)

ABB-ES, 1997 2.26 E-3

Aquifer Dispersivities (m) ABB-ES, 1997 10 / 1/ 1

NAPL density, o (g/cm3) USDHHS, 1993a 0.80

NAPL dynamic viscosity,

o (cp)API, 1996 (for Kerosene) 2.3

NAPL solubility (mg/l) USDHHS, 1993a 5

Aquifer residual NAPLsaturation, Sors

Weaver, 1994, Harding LawsonAssociates, 1998

0.50

Vadose zone residualNAPL saturation, Sorv

Weaver, 1994 0.20

Soil/water partitioncoefficient (L/kg)

Calculated from Koc x foc 0.137

NAPL surface tension, ao

(dyne/cm)Weaver, 1994 (for Kerosene) 27.5

Initial carcinogenconcentration in the NAPL,co(ini) (mg/l)

Quanterra Environmental Services,1996, Courtesy ABB-ES

49,000

NAPL/water partition Calculated from field data, ABB-ES, 19.9

(Continued)HSSM MODEL INPUT VALUES

InputParameter Data Source Simulation 1

Soil/water partitioncoefficient, Kd (L/kg)

Calculated from foc x Koc, 0.137

Constituent solubility, sk

(mg/l)Thibodeaux, 1996 1,780

Constituent half-life inaquifer (d)

Howard, et al., 1991 730

Mass Flux (volume/ area-

time)

Plannimeter reading and spilldocumentation

1.60/ 3 days

Radius of oil lens source,Rs (m)

Aerial photographs 13.7

Radius multiplicationfactor (RMF)

Weaver, 1994 1.001

Maximum NAPL saturationin the NAPL lens, So(max)

NTHICK Utility, Weaver, 1994 0.3246

Simulation ending time (d) Based on the time since the release 5840

Maximum solution timestep (d)

Weaver, 1994/ Suggested by HSSM 25

Minimum time betweenprinted time steps andmass balance checks (d)

Weaver, 1994 0.25

Percent maximumcontaminant radius (%)

Weaver, 1994 101

Minimum carcinogenoutput concentration (mg/l)

Chapter 62-770 , FloridaAdministrative Code

0.001

Beginning time (d) Time of release 0

Ending time (d) Date of sampling 5840

Time increment (d) Weaver, 1994 581

Number of profiles Selected 8

Time of profiles (d) Selected 100, 500, 1000,2000, 3000, 4000,5000, 5380

Number of wells Model requires you to enter value,use 1

1

Location of wells Enter 1,1 (x,y) Entry is not used inKOPT module of HSSM

1,1

Thold

Th

To be PasteurizedProduct Stream

Tc1

Holding Zone

Th1Tc2

Thold

T1

Th2

=

T1

- ( m cp / w cp )

Energy balance for heat transfer from working fluid to product stream

[Thold - T ]

Model profile for microbe death as function of residence time, t. Note that t = (z/u) with z the position along tube and u the linear velocity of product stream.

PasteurizedProduct Stream

w

m cp dT/dt = U A ( Th - T)

m

Temperature profile of hot working fluid

Model for thermal death of microorganism is typically first order with an activation energy,Ea, between 60 and 120 cal/gmole

e-{Ea/RT(t)}

T = T1 + ( ? ){ e ( ? ) }Temperature profile of product stream inheating heat exchanger

ln (nv1 / nv0) = -ko

(1/nv) dnv / dt = -ko e-{Ea/RT(t)}

= ?

An example of an exponential model with a bit of a bite!(Please finish it off)