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Samples A.) Background info. B.) Country positions C.) press release

A.) Report of the Secretary General Concerning the Situation in South Asia:India and Pakistan

1.) Under Articles 35 and 99 it is my duty to bring to the Security Council the emergingconflict between India and Pakistan. Nuclear tests conducted by India on 11 and 13 May

1998 prompted Pakistan to conduct similar tests on 28 and 30 May 1998. Intensificationof this nuclear arms race has led to an emergency meeting of the Security Council.

2.) India and Pakistan are neighboring countries in South Asia. The Republic of India, ademocracy, is rich in natural resources and the second most populated country in theworld (1.1 billion). The two major religions in India are Hinduism and Islam, but Hindusare the majority, consisting of 80% of the population. India has a per capita GDP of$2,600; a GDP of almost $3 trillion; and a growth rate of 9%. (CIA 2007).

3.) The Islamic Republic of Pakistan also has ample natural resources. Pakistan has apopulation of 172 million people; almost all of whom are Muslim (97%). Although

Pakistan is homogeneous in religion, it has great diversity in language and ethnicity, as 9languages are spoken. Pakistan has had mixed success with democracy. Their currentleader was elected; the previous leader took control by force. Pakistans per capita GDPis $2,400; GDP is $412 billion; with a growth rate of 5%. (CIA 2007).

4.) The history of conflict between India and Pakistan is extensive and dates back to 1947,when the two countries gained independence from British colonial rule. Under the termsof the settlement, British India was divided into three parts based on religion. Themajority Hindu area became known as India; while the two parts with majority Muslimpopulations became known as Pakistan (see map).

5.) During British colonial rule, before 1947, British India consisted of hundreds ofprincipalities known as states. Each of these states was ruled by a maharajah (ruler).According to the independence agreement, the British agreed to give up rule of all ofthese states. However, because the British were afraid that hundreds of countries wouldbe created, part of the agreement stated that each state had to join either India or Pakistan.The maharajahs were told to make the decision about which country to join, but to followthe wishes of their people in deciding. Almost all of the Hindu-dominated states joinedIndia, while the Muslim-dominated states joined Pakistan; both in accordance with thewishes of the people. However, in one state called Kashmir, the maharajah was Hindu buthis people were Muslim. Despite the wishes of his people, the maharajah of Kashmirdecided to join India.

6.) The dispute over Kashmir has led to three wars between India and Pakistan.

Adapted from Model U.N.- Peacekeeping Unit, Scenario BUnited Nations Association of The United States of America


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B.) Country positions

ChileChile has no ties to India or Pakistan. Like most U.N. nations, it supports nuclear

disarmament. Chile feels that these nuclear tests are posing a threat to international peace and has

condemned the tests. Chile strongly desires all states to support the Comprehensive Nuclear TestBan Treaty (CTBT) and the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT). Chile may use this crisis asan opportunity to gain favor with the United States, since they share positions.

ChinaChina borders both of these countries. China is also one of the five nations, permitted

under the NPT to possess nuclear weapons. Since China and India have had their owndisagreements in the past over similar border disputes, China may lean slightly towardssupporting Pakistan, though they have proclaimed themselves neutral. Chinas biggest goal is tokeep Asia peaceful, and will support any peace agreement; though they think it most fair to

respect the current line of control in Kashmir. China also wants both states to sign the NPT andCTBT as soon as possible and to halt nuclear tests.

ColombiaColombia does not have close ties to either of these countries. Colombia is very much

against nuclear weapons testing and proliferation. Colombia fears that a nuclear war between thetwo countries would bring about a world war. While India feels that the international communityhas no business in the Kashmir issue, Colombia wants the international community to be heavilyinvolved in the dispute. Colombia would truly like to see all countries get rid of nuclearweapons; and is willing to host a conference to discuss world-wide nuclear disarmament.Colombia relies heavily on the U.S. for economic assistance.

Costa RicaCosta Rica has no ties to India or Pakistan. Costa Rica, like Colombia, believes that all

countries should get rid of nuclear weapons, and has argued this point for 50 years. They believethat countries with nuclear weapons are wasting money that could be spent on their people. CostaRica wants India and Pakistan to sign both the CTBT and the NPT, dismantle their nuclearweapons, and hold a conference over the future of the Kashmir region (which they believe is thesource of the problem).



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C.) Press Release

(fictional)

Renewed Confrontation Between Indian and Pakistan Forces

Threatens Efforts at a Peaceful Solution

Yesterday, Pakistan shot down two Indian military jets that were flying over the Pakistani-controlled Kashmir region. The confrontation could not have come at a worse time, as the twosides were negotiating with the Security Council to settle the nuclear testing issue.

The resurgence of fighting began three weeks ago when 600 Kashmiri guerillas infiltrated theline of control and crossed into the Indian-controlled Kashmir. Because of the size andcomplexity of the operation, India believes the guerillas were armed and trained by the Pakistanigovernment. Pakistani officials deny any involvement with the guerillas. In response to theguerilla attacks, the Indian government has sent 30,000 troops to the Pakistan border. The Indian

prime minister has called the guerilla attacks a Pakistani hostile and provocative gesture.

Pakistan has offered to hold diplomatic talks to settle the recent dispute. India has shown littleinterest in a meeting. The Indian government is mostly concerned with removing the guerillasfrom the area and will not meet until they are removed.

Relations between the two had already been strained from the recent nuclear tests. Some analystshave suggested that Indias nuclear tests (which took place first) were designed to demonstrateits military capabilities.

In view of these developments, the Security Council has scheduled an emergency meeting to tryand resolve the conflict before it escalates even further.


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