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WEEK
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MODALS
5.1
WARMUPMODALS
• Already, you have learned two tenses.
• SIMPLE PRESENT
• am/is/are
• do/does, base form
• PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
• am/is/are ____ING
WARMUPMODALS
• Tenses change time.
• Present = now
• Past = yesterday
• Future = tomorrow
• Modals change meaning.
• can = have an ability
• should = this is good behaviour
• may = this is possible
WARMUPMODALS
• Which sentences have modals?
1. I have to go.
2. We can’t talk now.
3. Are you supposed to wear jeans?
4. They don’t know yet.
5. I’m waiting for him.
6. Should he wear a tie?
7. He may feel homesick.
WARMUPMODALS
• Which sentences have modals?
1. I have to go.
2. We can’t talk now.
3. Are you supposed to wear jeans?
4. They don’t know yet.
5. I’m waiting for him.
6. Should he wear a tie?
7. He may feel homesick.
FORMModals
• There are 2 types of modals:
1. MODAL VERBS
• 1 word
2. PHRASAL MODALS
• 2+ words (more difficult)
• Usually have “to”
• I should go.
• I have to go.
• I ought to go.
• I’m supposed to go.
USEModals
• Most modals are present and future.
• Some modals can be past, but it’s uncommon.
• I can swim.
• (maybe today)
• (maybe tomorrow)
• I should go
• (maybe today)
• (maybe in the future)
USEMODALS
• We normally study modals by their meanings:
1. advice
2. obligation
3. possibility
4. ability
USEMODALS
• We will study advice today. 1. advice
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MODALS OF ADVICE
5.1
WARMUPModals of Advice
• Which sentences tell the reader to do something?
1. You should leave now.
2. You are leaving now.
3. You will leave tomorrow.
4. You had better leave tomorrow.
5. You should take a pill for that headache.
6. You had better not run outside if you have a cold.
7. You feel sick.
WARMUPModals of Advice
• Which sentences tell the reader to do something?
1. You should leave now.
2. You are leaving now.
3. You will leave tomorrow.
4. You had better leave tomorrow.
5. You should take a pill for that headache.
6. You had better not run outside if you have a cold.
7. You feel sick.
EXAMPLESModals of Advice
• If you have a sore throat,
• you should drink warm water.
• you shouldn’t eat salty food.
• you should eat healthily.
• you shouldn’t kiss other people.
EXAMPLESModals of Advice
• If you have a test the next day,
• you should study carefully.
• you shouldn’t stay up late.
• you should go to sleep early.
• you should eat a healthy breakfast.
FORMShould
• should + base form
• shouldn’t + base form
• The floor is dirty. You shouldsweep and mop it.
• The furniture has dust. You should dust it.
• You should do the dishes now.
• You shouldn’t watch TV now. You should do your homework!
USEShould
• should: it is a good idea!
• should not: it is a bad idea!
• You shouldn’t watch TV now. You should do your homework!
• You shouldn’t eat pencils.
• We shouldn’t speak Chinese in English class.
EXAMPLESHad Better
• If you are talking to a police officer,
• you had better be polite
• you had better speak clearly
• you had better not hit him
• you had better not run
FORMShould
• had better+ base form
• had better not + base form
• I feel sick. I had better go home, or I will get more sick.
• You had better not copy my homework, or I will tell the teacher.
USEHad Better
• had better: if you don’t do this, bad things will happen!
• had better not: if you do this, bad things will happen!
• It is sometimes rude to use this modal – do not say it to people of higher authority!
• If you are talking to a police officer,
• you had better be polite
• you had better speak clearly
• you had better not hit him
• you had better not run
USE PRACTICEModals of Advice
• Use modals of advice to help solve these problems.
1. My brother-in-law has a cold.
2. My skin is dry.
3. My niece has a toothache.
4. The instructor said I am failing the course.
5. I smoke everyday, and now I cough often.
6. I don’t know how to study vocabulary.
SUMMARY
QUIZModals, Modals of Advice
• What is the difference between…
• Modals and tenses?
• Modal verbs and phrasal modals?
• Should and had better?
• What type of verb do we use after a modal?
• Which is more polite, should or had better?
SUMMARY
QUIZModals, Modals of Advice
• What is the difference between…
• Modals and tenses?
• Modals = meaning, tenses = time
• Modal verbs and phrasal modals?
• Modal verbs = 1 word,
• phrasal modals= 2,
• Should and had better?
• should = maybe nothing bad will happen
• had better = something bad will happen if you don’t do this
SUMMARY
QUIZModals, Modals of Advice
• What type of verb do we use after a modal?
• base form
• Which is more polite, should or had better?
• should
SUMMARYModals, Modals of Advice
1. Modals are helping verbs that change the meaning of a verb.
1. Some are 1 word; some are 2+ words and end with “to”
2. We use base form after a modal.
3. Normally a present and future meaning only.
4. Modals of advice
1. should, had better
2. Had better = strong, something bad will happen if you don’t do it, sometimes impolite.
