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7/18/2019 Modals of Deduction
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Modals of Deduction
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7/18/2019 Modals of Deduction
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Modals of Deduction
We are going to look at deduction
You are going to practice by makingSome sentences
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Modals of Deduction
Who is Sherlock Holmes?
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Modals of Deduction
Who is Sherlock Holmes?Do you know how hesolved manyof his cases?
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Modals of Deduction
What is deduction?
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Modals of Deduction
What is deduction?Deductions = guessesbased facts you know.
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Modals of Deduction
What are modal verbs?
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Modals of Deduction
What are modal verbs?Must, Cant, May, Might,Could
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Deductions = guesses basedon known facts! "ou can usemodal verbs! We can makedeductions aboutthe present #
must be$ery sure % &&'
can't be % $ery sure
We think it(s im)ossible *&&'
may / might / could beWe think it(s )ossible % +'
Modals of Deduction
The Present
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Modals of Deduction
The Present
Deductions = guesses basedon known facts!What deductions can youmake about this )hoto?
must be$ery sure % &&'
can't be % $ery sureWe think it(s im)ossible *
&&' may / might / could be
We think it(s )ossible % +'
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Deductions
He must be a chef. % $erysure % &&'
He can't be a policeman. %$ery sure % we think it(sim)ossible % &&'
He may / might / could befamous. We think it(s)ossible % +'
Modals of Deduction
The Present
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How many deductionscan you makeabout this photo?
must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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$t must be a mask $t can%t be real
$t may be &or a 'lm
must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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He must be hiding He can%t be (ery old
He could be a&raid
must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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She must be at home
She can%t be working She might be chatting to &riends
must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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He must be running away The plane can%t be (ery new
He could be a criminal
must be -Very sure -
99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!simpossible -
99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
The Present
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Modals of DeductionWe can also make deductions about the
'How do you think the burglar got in?''He must have climbed through the
window.'
-o make guesses about the )ast.
= Modal verb + have +
past participle
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Modals of Deduction
• He must have climbed through the window. = $ery sure % wethink it(s )ossible % &&'
• He cant have come through the door. = $ery sure % we thinkit(s im)ossible % &&'
• He may / might / could have escaped through the window. =( %
We can also make deductions about the
'How do you think the burglar got in?''He must have climbed through the
window.'
-o make guesses about the )ast.
= Modal verb + have +
past participle
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How many past deductionscan you makeabout these photos
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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He must ha(e robbed a bankHe can%t ha(e Taken
much money The police might ha(e Seen him
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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They must ha(e caught himHe can%t ha(e escaped
They may ha(e sent himto prison &or a long time
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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She must ha(e wonShe can%t ha(e e)pectedto winShe may ha(e won *iss World
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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The car must ha(e crashed They can%t ha(e been hurt
They may ha(e been dri(ing
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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They must ha(e been tra(elling They can%t ha(e gone by train They might ha(e been on holiday
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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They must ha(e been angry $t can%t ha(e been an accident
The computer may ha(e been
(ery slow
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• • Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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He must ha(e been working(ery hard
he can%t ha(e 'nishedHe could ha(e gone to bed late last night
• • Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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$t must ha(e been raining $t can%t ha(e been &or long
$t might ha(e been a shower
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
He must ha(e scored
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He must ha(e scoredHis team might ha(e won
The game
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
Sh t h h d id t
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She must ha(e had an accidentShe can%t ha(e been there&or longShe may ha(e been attacked
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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She must ha(e been runningShe might ha(e won
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
He must ha(e been eating
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He must ha(e been eatingHe may ha(e been eatingice cream
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
She can%t ha(e been looking
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She can t ha(e been lookingwhere she was goingShe may ha(e hurt hersel&
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
He must ha e &ailed
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He must ha(e &ailed He can%t ha(e passed $t might ha(e beenhis 'rst test
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
He must ha(e climbed up
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pHe can%t ha(e beenthere &or long
He might ha(e got lost
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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They may ha(e hadan argument
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
Sh % h
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She can%t ha(edisappeared+
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible %
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• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible % http://efllecturer.blogspot.com/
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?
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible % http://efllecturer.blogspot.com/
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,,, We must ha(e 'nished
• Must have %$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible % http://efllecturer.blogspot.com/
This must ha(e Helped you
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This must ha(e Helped you$t can%t ha(e been dicult.can it?
You might ha(e learntsomething anyway,,,• Must have %
$ery sure %we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % We
think it(s)ossible % http://efllecturer.blogspot.com/
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Modals of Deduction
http://efllecturer.blogspot.com/
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U f l l
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must be -
Very sure -99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!s
impossible -99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % Wethink it(s
Due to the fact that
__________________
Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________
Morevover,
Hoever,
!or this reason,
U f l l
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must be -
Very sure -99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!s
impossible -99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % Wethink it(s
Due to the fact that
__________________
Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________
Morevover,
Hoever,
!or this reason,
U f l l
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must be -
Very sure -99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!s
impossible -99
may / might /could be - Wethink it!spossible - "#
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / couldhave % Wethink it(s
Due to the fact that
__________________
Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________
Morevover,
Hoever,
!or this reason,
Useful language:
7/18/2019 Modals of Deduction
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/modals-of-deduction-56d4d0de0cf85 69/69
must be -
Very sure -99
can't be -Very sure - Wethink it!s
impossible -99
may / might /could be - We
• Must have %$ery sure %
we think it(s)ossible &&'
• Cant have %$ery sure %we think it(s
im)ossible %&&'
• may /might / could
Due to the fact that
__________________
Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________
Morevover,
Hoever,
