ENGLISH IIModal verbs II

Usos y funciones de los verbos modales I I(posibilidad, probabilidad y deducción lógica)

VALOR MODAL VERBO(presente/futuro) Verbo(pasado)

DEDUCCIÓN LÓGICAafirmativa

MUSTMUST HAVE + past participle

DEDUCCIÓN LÓGICAnegativa

CAN`TCAN`T HAVE + Past participle

POSIBILIDAD/ PROBABILIDAD

MAY

MIGHT

COULD

MAY HAVE+ past participle

MIGHT HAVE+ past participle.

COULD HAVE + past participle

Modal Verbs of Probability

De la lista de arriba se deduce que los verbos modales de probabilidad se usan para expresar una opinión del hablante basado en la información que tiene.

Example: He must be at work, it's 10 o'clock.

En este caso el hablante está 100 % seguro de que la persona está trabajando basado en lo que sabe sobre dicha persona.

Vamos a ver un cuadro empezando desde lo más probable hasta lo menos probable.

Examples Usage

They must be in Spain by now.

She must have done well on the test.

Usa 'must' + el verbo cuando estés 100% (o casi 100%) seguro de que algo es así.

ENGLISH IIModal verbs II

She might come this evening.

Jack might have gone to France.

Usa 'might' or 'may' para expresar una opinión sobre lo que tu crees que tiene una probabilidad más o menos alta de ser verdad, pero no estás seguro.

Jane could be at work.

Peter could have arrived late.

Usa 'could' para expresar una posibilidad menor o una entre tantas. Es simplemente una entre un número de posibilidades.

You can't be serious!

They can't have worked until late.

Usa 'can't' para expresar que estás 100% seguro de que algo NO es verdad.

Recuerda que la forma pasada es: 'can't have done'

Estructura

In the present: Subject Modal Base Form Objects

IYouHe, SheWeThey

must be

might/may be

could be

can't be

at work.

In the past: Subject Modal Perfect Form

IYouHe, SheWeThey

must have left

might/may have left

could have left

can't have left

ENGLISH IIModal verbs II

REPHRASING Con estas estructuras practicaremos transformaciones de frases. Observa estas correspondencias. Naturalmente no son siempre exactamente así, ni siempre equivalen a los mismos verbos. Pero te puede servir de guía para empezar a practicar.

REFERENCIA TEMPORAL PRESENTE/FUTURO

VERBO MODAL + INFINITIVE

Perhaps, maybe, it’s just possible MAY

It’s just possible MIGHT

I am sure (affirmative) MUST

There is a possibility COULD

It is impossible, I am sure (negative) CAN’T

REFERENCIA TEMPORAL PASADA VERBO MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Perhaps, maybe, it’s just possible MAY

It’s just possible MIGHT

I am sure (affirmative) MUST

There is a possibility COULD

It is impossible, I am sure (negative) CAN’T

I'm sure John locked the office before leaving. He always does.

John must have locked the office before leaving.

Perhaps we'll go swimming tomorrow.

We may go swimming tomorrow.

I think Mary is probably at home because the windows are open.

Mary must be at home because the windows are open.

Perhaps John knew about the trip, but I'm not sure.

John might have known about the trip.

I'm sure he didn't lock the door. He never does.

He can't have locked the door.

There is a possibility that she was at work when the earthquake struck.

She could have been at work when the earthquake struck.

ENGLISH IIModal verbs II

Practica en internet: http://www.xtec.es/~ogodoy/sac/rephrasing/rephrexercises.htm