-
Mod 1
Useful ConceptsInformation goods and Review of some economic
concepts.
-
Lecture 1
-
Information (Knowledge)Goods
All products contain some degree of information.It is generally
believed, and probably true, that modern products contain a higher
degree of information and smaller component of physical inputs than
older products.The Internet Economy is particularly suited to the
transmission of information goods.
-
Some Useful Economic Concepts
ElasticityPrice DiscriminationPublic (Information) GoodsReproducing
Information GoodsNatural Monopoly
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Price Elasticity Of Demand
def: percentage change in quantity divided by percentage change in
price(Q/Q)/(P/P) or (Q/P) (P/Q)measure of responsiveness
If Elasticity is >1 known as elastic (responsive
customers)
If Elasticity is =1 ; unit elastic
If Elasticity is
-
Illustrations of elasticity
D with infinite elasticity
D with zero elasticity
P
Q
-
Elasticity and TR
When elasticity is greater than 1 (elastic) increases in price lead
to decreases in revenue and vice-versaWhen elasticity is equal to
1, changes in price lead to no change in revenuesWhen elasticity is
less than 1 (inelastic) increases in price lead to increases in
revenue.
-
Implications of Elasticity
If Elasticity is 1 firm can not necessarily increase its profits by
a change in price.Thus firms that maximize profits must have
elasticities >1.Example of VideoTape Sales Demonstrates
Importance of knowing elasticity.
-
Why is Windows so Cheap?
Elasticity indicates that Windows is grossly underpriced relative
to short run monopoly price.
-
Consumer and Producer Surplus
Consumer surplus is the difference between the price paid and the
higher price that consumers would have been willing to pay for the
product.Producer surplus is the difference between the payment
received and the minimum payment that producers would have
accepted.
-
P1
Pe
1
2
CS = 1 PS = 2
Qe
Consumer and Producer Surplus
Q1
4
3
DWL = 3+4
-
Monopoly Vs. Competition
Monopoly versus competition (smaller q, higher p)Imposing a tax on
a monopolist similar to competition in that producer still bears
part of it.Price controls and monopoly ...a case where controls may
increase efficiency.Price discrimination.The tradeoff associated
with patents and copyright - deadweight loss in consumption versus
possible new products.
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Monopoly charges higher price, produces smaller quantity.
Monopoly causes Deadweight Loss 1+2. Area 3+4 is transfer to
producer from consumer
S
MR
D
Pc
Qc
Pm
Qm
1
2
3
4
MC
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Natural Monopoly
Downward sloping AC curve.More efficient to have 1 large firm than
many small firms.Rate of return regulation is how we regulate these
firms.Removes incentive to keep costs down.
-
Natural Monopoly
AC
Pr
Qr
MC
QE
D
MR
PE
Losses with efficient output
Pm
Qm
Unregulated Profit
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Lecture 2
-
Price Discrimination
PerfectTwo or More MarketsBundling and Block BookingVersioning
-
Perfect Price Discrimination
Theoretical ideal. Cannot be fully achieved.Find maximum price that
every consumer is willing to pay and charge them that
price.Requires more information than any firm has, and the
prevention of arbitrage.Demand Curve becomes MR curve.No Deadweight
Loss.Approximate examples: automobile dealers, doctors in the old
days.
-
Perfect Price Discrimination.
S
P6
P3
P1
D
Qo
-
Declining Price Schedule
Also true for all-or-nothing pricing.
-
Price Discrimination - 2 or more Markets
If markets for a single product have different MRs, profits can be
increased by shifting output from low MR markets to high MR
markets.Raise price in low MR market and lower price in high MR
market.High MR market is high elasticity market.Need to Prevent
Arbitrage.Examples: Airlines with business travelers and
vacationers. Coupons.
-
price before discrimination
mr1
mr2
MR
D
mr
Market 1
Market 2
Q1
Q2
P1
P2
D
MR
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Price Discrimination Rules
Raise price in market with lower elasticity (lower
responsiveness)Lower price in market with higher elasticity.Do this
until MRs are equalized. But prices will not be equalized.Examples:
Airlines with business travelers and vacationers.
-
Price Discrimination Law
Illegal if it gives some firm an advantage over other firms.If
individuals are consumers, is not illegal.Price Discrimination is
not likely to harm efficiency. Perfect Price discrimination is
perfectly efficient.Intention of this rule was to protect
mom-and-pop stores and grocers from department stores and
supermarkets. It was intended to reduce competition.
-
Examples of Price Discrimination
Airline Tickets (Business and Vacationers)Movies (adults, children,
seniors)Stamps, CouponsPredictable Sales
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Versioning
Providing different models of product with differing
capabilities.Can be used to achieve price discrimination, but also
might just better meet consumer demands.Artificial creation of
Problem: avoiding cannibalization of higher end product line.
-
Versioning Examples
lite versions of software with reduced functionality.Putting
identical chips in high and low powered calculators.PC Junior
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Lecture 3
-
Bundling (Block Booking)
Two or more products that are sold as a package.Related to Tie-Ins
but differs in that bundling is not contractual. That is, when you
buy the bundle your purchase is finished. A tie-in is a contract
where you agree to buy any of product X that you use, from a
particular vendor. But you need not buy X at all. Example: if you
buy a photocopy machine from me, you also need to purchase any
toner that you need from me as well.
-
When Bundling Works Best
-
Successful Bundling Makes Demand More Homogeneous
Qx
Px
Py
Qy
Px+y
Qx+y
-
Advantage of a Bundle
The Matrix
Green Tomatoes
X
Y
2000
1900
1300
1200
Bundle
3200
3200
2 x 1300
2 x 1200
5000
6400
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Mod 2
Information Goods
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Public Goods
Definition: Goods that do not get used up when consumed. In other
words, one persons consumption of a good doesnt reduce anyone elses
potential consumption of the same good.Examples: Ideas, television
broadcasts, national defense.Obviously, these are not physical
items that get used up. Instead they are usually ideas and artistic
expressions.They are at the core of the Information Age Economy,
since information is a public good.The Demand for Public Goods is
the vertical sum of individual demands.
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Public Goods (cont.)
Some definitions of Public Goods claim that consumers can not be
excluded from using them. Known as Non-excludability.Some Public
Goods, such as broadcasting, or national defense, appear to have
this characteristic.This misses the point. Any product for which
consumers can not be excluded from using, e.g., apples, will give
producers no incentive to produce.
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Vertical Addition of Demands
Q
Q1
D
D3
D2
D1
P1
P3
P2
P4
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Public Goods
Book titles can be thought of as public goods, but the physical
copies of a single book title are private goods that embody a
public good. Several questions arise: how many titles are optimal
to publish? How many copies of each title would be optimal? How do
competitive markets work? Monopolies? Finally, is it possible to
produce public goods efficiently?
-
In principle, a perfectly discriminating monopolist can produce
efficient amount of public good.
Q
Q1
Q2
D
P1
P3
P2
P4
S
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Lecture 4
-
The Market for a Title
Reproductions of a single Title are Private GoodsSeller of the
Reproductions can not appropriate the entire potential value of the
reproductions since he is not a perfect price discriminator.With a
single price for the reproductions, too few reproductions are
produced (Q*-Qm). One component of lack or appropriation (area 7 in
figure).Consumers of the reproductions get surplus, which is
another loss of appropriation for the reproduction seller. (1+2 in
figure)
-
Production of a Single book title
number of copies of a title
MC of printing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Pm
Qm
MR
D
Q*
-
Market for Titles
Because appropriability for reproductions of any title is
imperfect, the sellers of titles can not achieve the vertical sum
of demands (perfect discrimination demand in next figure).Instead,
the best the sellers can do is some distance below the vertical sum
of individual demands (attainable demand curve in the next
figure).This leads to too few titles being produced relative to the
ideal.
-
number of titles written
MC of writing another title
Pm
Qm
Perf Discrimination Demand for titles
Q*
Market Demand for Titles
Attainable Demand for titles
Q**
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Copyright Tradeoffs
This leads to two tradeoffs: Under-consumption of individual
titles.Underproduction of titles.This same tradeoff exists in
Copyright.Copyright exists to give creators of artistic works the
ability to generate revenues.The theory is that without copyright,
competition in selling reproductions of a title would drive the
price down to the marginal cost of producing a reproduction.
Competition would also drive the (economic) profits down to zero,
leaving no money with which publishers can pay the author.
-
Copyright Tradeoffs
It isnt clear, however, that competition leaves no payment for the
author.Arnold Plant argued that being first gave enough of a head
start that sufficient profits could be earned to allow authors to
receive optimal remuneration. (Ex. English authors in the US
market).The lead from being first is, with current technology,
unlikely to allow much profit.
-
Optimal Copyright
The figure on the next page illustrates optimal duration of
copyright.It contrasts the gains from lengthier copyright (the
value of additional works created) against the harms (unnecessary
loss of consumer surplus)
-
Patent (copyright) tradeoff
With no protection, creators do not reap much of the rewards of
their creations.They are given monopoly protection, which increases
their revenues, but raises price to consumers.This increases the
number of inventions, but decreases the use of each invention?We do
not know the optimal tradeoff.
-
Lecture 5
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Fair Use
There is in the law an attempt to balance the interests of
copyright holders and those of users.Fair use is a defense to
copyright infringement. It allows copying in instances when the
copying appears not to be hurting the copyright owners
revenues.Betamax Case said home videotaping was fair use, and thus
home videotaping was allowed.
-
Fair Use
4 factorsAmount of the copyright product that is copied.Nature of
the Copyright product (commercial versus academic or
scholarly.Nature of the use of the copied productImpact on the
revenues of the copyright holder.Last factor is the most
important.
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Indirect Appropriability
Basic Idea: Producer Can Generate Revenues from those making
unauthorized copies.Consumers who make duplicates are willing to
pay more for originals since the get value from making duplicates.
Producer can charge more for originals, thus indirectly
appropriating some of the value in the copies.
-
Diagram of Copying Impact
D
V
D
H
Q
P
-
Copying Outlawed
D
H
Q
P
-
Diagram of Copying Impact
-
Impact of Piracy
Although we dont know whether copyright currently has a duration
that is too large or too small, we still have to deal with
piracy.Example of having all purchasers of CDs make a cassette for
their automobile is an example where copying causes no harm, and
may even be beneficial, depending on whether these individuals
would have purchased a second CD or prerecorded cassette.
-
Evidence on Price Discrimination and Indirect
Appropriability
Dependent variable
Constant
Cites
Non-Profit Dummy
Age of Journal
R-square
Plib/PInd
1.29
.0065 [1.99]
.65 [4.14]
.17 n=80
Plib/PInd
1.38
.0071 [2.14]
.578 [3.36]
-.16 [1.01]
.17
-
Continued
Libraries that:
1959
1983
Price Discriminate
3
59
Dont Price Discriminate
35
21
Ratio of Book to Journal Expenditures, US Academic Libraries
1941
3.02
1961
3.19
1975
1.70
1944
3.41
1965
3.36
1977
1.54
1946
3.13
1968
3.67
1979
1.26
1950
3.01
1971
2.96
1981
1.13
1959
2.46
1973
1.96
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Application to Napster
Can indirect appropriability work in Napster-like
environment?Problem: large variability in the number of copies made
from each originalProblem: identifying at time of sale which
originals are going to be duplicated.Large scale copying will harm
copyright owners significantly.
-
Newer Issues
Automatic Rights MechanismsCopyright owner can imbed code into
software that will monitor use and charge accordingly. It can also
prevent copying.Question: Is this protection too strong? Fair use
seems like it would disappear. Copyright owner can now costlessly
collect revenues from users.
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Lecture 6
-
Mod 3
Network Goods
-
Network Effects
Increased market size makes product more valuable to consumers.This
is just like an economy of scale in that it benefits large firms
relative to small ones. Leads to natural monopoly.It implies that
demand increases for large networks, and that prices should rise.In
Microsoft case, judge decided that they are a barrier to
entry.
-
Network Effects
Definition: a product becomes more valuable to a consumer the more
other consumers there are of the product.Virtually identical
theoretically to economies of scale Markets will tend toward
monopoly, winner-take-all result (in simple world).Example: Fax
machines, some software, languages, online networks, computer
standards,.Literal networks (physical connections, e.g., fax
machines) and Virtual Networks (e.g., software)
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Characteristics of Information Markets
Bigger is better, large firms (standards) have advantages over
smaller firms (standards).Economies of Scale: large fixed
costsNetwork Effects Definition: a product becomes more valuable to
a consumer the more other consumers there are of the
product.Instant scalability: the ability to increase output
extremely quickly. Not the same as zero marginal cost.If these
effects are not exhaustible, we have natural monopoly, which used
to be thought to require government regulation.
A group of economists associated with a theory, call it the path
dependence school, have been negligent in testing their theories.
when put to the test, the theories don't seem to have any validity.
Unfortunately, this flawed methodology is being used by the
government in its antitrust case, where economic evidence also
seems to be irrelevant.
-
Potential Problems Due to Network Effects
Traditional Problem: Network is the wrong size. Old fashioned
negative externality.New Problem: Getting stuck with the wrong
networki.e., lock-in.
-
Effects versus Externalities
Where we have positive externalities, activity is too small (golf
courses, research?). Where we have negative externalities, activity
is too big (e.g., air pollution, traffic).One key element is
whether external effects are internalized, or whether they are
truly externalities.
-
Tragedy of the Commons
Example of Negative Externality.Common Property Resource lake,
forest, any productive resource that allows free use.The tragedy is
that the resource is overused.Greater tragedy is that it is
overused to the point where its entire value might be
dissipated.
-
Fishermen on Lake
Sheet1FishermenFish per FishermanTotal CatchMarginal
Catch1101029188382464728456302653007428-2Sheet2Sheet3
-
Illustrating Overuse
Sheet1FishermenFish per FishermanTotal CatchMarginal
CatchOpportunity CostNet
Value1101064291881263824618647284244563023006530036-67428-242-14Sheet2Sheet3
-
Lock-in
Claim: Markets do not adopt best products even when it is efficient
to do so.QWERTY, VHS-Beta are most common purported examples.Story
is one of coordination failure.We all prefer Beta. But VHS
dominates, and most movies are on VHS. Since we think that everyone
else will get VHS, we get VHS too.My work with Margolis has shown
the key examples of lock-in to be false.
-
Lock-in Table
Technology B Wins although Technology A is better.
- Assumption about different slopes? What does it really entail,
and is it reasonable?
-
Qwerty Story
Most famous case; simple to identify quality (speed of
typing)Consistent with chaos theories of unpredictable small events
leading to big outcomes.Usual Story:Qwerty Keyboard was designed to
slow down typing to keep keys from getting stuck. In a famous
typing contest in Cincinnati, pitting touch typist against
hunt-and-peck the touch typist used a Qwerty and won. This is the
small accident leading to big outcomes, since people then
associated Qwerty with speed.Prof Dvorak designed a keyboard to
speed things up in 1930s. During WWII Navy tested new keyboard and
found that speed increased 40% and cost of retraining was recouped
within 10 days of completed switch.Keyboard never adopted. End of
war reduced Navys need for fast typists.
-
Qwerty Story
Actual Story No evidence that Qwerty Keyboard was designed to slow
down typing speed, and it wasnt necessary to keep keys from getting
stuck.There were many other typing contest pitting touch typist
against other touch typists on different keyboards and Qwerty won
many of these. The point is that the Cincinnati contest was not
crucial.A highly publicized 1954 test of the Dvorak keyboard by the
General Services Administration found no advantage in switching to
Dvorak.The WWII Navy study was biased in the way it calculated it
results. All the biases were in favor of Dvorak. It also appears
that the author of the study was probably Dr. Dvorak, the designer
and patent holder of the keyboard.Ergonomics studies on keyboard
design confirm that Qwerty is a good design and not much different
than Dvorak in terms of speed
-
Beta-VHS Story
Claim Story .Ergonomics studies on keyboard design confirm that
Qwerty is a good design and not much different than Dvorak in terms
of speed
-
Other Stories
Quadraphonic soundRailroad gaugesMacintosh versus dosInternal
combustion engineMetric versus English measurementStereo AMAC
versus DC
-
Network Effects
Increased market size makes product more valuable to consumers.This
is just like an economy of scale in that it benefits large firms
relative to small ones. Leads to natural monopoly.It implies that
demand increases for large networks, and that prices should rise.In
Microsoft case, judge decided that they are a barrier to
entry.
-
Lecture 7
-
Business Applications
Should a firm have internal charges when one division helps another
(e.g. technical support)?Network Effects (again).
- Midterm, meeting 7Lecture 8
-
Measuring Network Effects
Several attempts:Gandal examined spreadsheet prices.Examined
whether Lotus file compatibility and ability to link to external
databases were characteristics that led to higher
prices.Brynjolfsson and Kemerer examined spreadsheet pricesExamined
whether Lotus menu structure and installed based lead to higher
prices.Literal networks: fax machines (Saloner and Shepard).
-
Network Effects and Software
Standard Claims:Winner-takes-all.Market should gravitate toward a
single winner.Note that instant scalability can also lead to
winner-take-all type of result since market can follow preferences
of consumers more strongly than would be typical.Lock-In: Network
effects presumably strengthen monopoly of leader.Superior
challengers can replace leader with built in network effects until
difference in quality becomesTipping: At some point network effects
support one firm or product so strongly that it becomes the
standard and takes the market.
-
Quick answers :
Product quality is key to success.Inferior products lose market
share amazingly rapidly. Success seems to come only to the #1
product. Price plays only a small role.Evidence to support
winner-take-all claimsNo evidence to support lock-in. In fact,
quite the opposite.Products deemed better seem to quickly replace
inferior products.No evidence of a tipping point.
-
What has led to Software Success?
The same factor that causes success in software markets in
general.
Product Quality
Measured by Magazine Reviews. We count wins and measure
ratings.
-
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that you can purchase"1Corel Quattro Pro 799.95/49.952/18/97PC
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DOS49510/11/94PC Magazine"First Looks" p.42 Craig Stinson-"does a
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5.02/28/94INFOWORLD8p. 56 Reviews - Windows Spreadsheets11-2-3 v
4.012/28/94INFOWORLD6.8QuattroPro 5.02/28/94INFOWORLD6.7Quattro Pro
for Windows,Version 5.02/8/94PC Magazine0.9791666667"Suite Deals-
Windows Applications Suites" Michael J. MillerLotus 1-2-3 for
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WorldBEST BUYS- Excel 5.0 and Quattro Pro 5.0 for Windows11Excel
5.0Feb-94P C World'Windows Spreadsheets' p150 John Walkenbach1-2-3
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release date for 5.0, so not included]1/11/94PC MagazineExcel
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DOS$350/$100Jan-94P C WorldLacks features found in the Windows
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148 Craig Stinson- "In 1992 Borland International provided patient
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make three dimensional modeling an a1Excel 4.0Jan-93P C
WorldYES'The Windows Spreadsheet Challenge' p. 146 Richard Scoville
and Steve Adams- Excel 4.0 and Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0 - BEST
BUYS11Quattro Pro for WinJan-93P C WorldYES1-2-3 Windows 1.1Jan-93P
C WorldExcel 4.0Jan-93ByteYESEditors' Choice Award1220Quattro
Pro1.0 WinDec-92ByteWINDOWS GUIDE '92- "Spreadsheets Under
Scrutiny" p.70 Nicholas Delonas "Quattro Pro is slightly better
than Excel" p. 801Excel 4.0Dec-92Byte1-2-3 for Win
1.1Dec-92Byte1-2-3 Rel 3.4$59511/23/92INFOWORLDp. 1 Doug Barney
Lotus shipping 1-2-3 Rel 3.4, runs 25% faster than previous
versionCA SuperCalc Version 5.5 -$14911/10/92PC Magazine7.5"The New
Spreadsheets" p 111.Craig Stinson "two superb Windows spreadsheets,
each with its own personality and distinctive strengths. Microsoft
Excel 4.0 is the analysts' choice, while Borland International's
Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0 gets the nod in eaInstaCalc, Version
4.0 -$4911/10/92PC Magazine3.75Lotus 1-2-3 for DOS, Release 2.4
-$49511/10/92PC Magazine5.42Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows, Release 1.1
-$49511/10/92PC Magazine7.92Lucid 3-D, Version 2.5
-$99.9511/10/92PC Magazine3.75Microsoft Excel, Version 4.0
-$49511/10/92PC Magazine10.00YesQuattro Pro, Version 4.0
-$49511/10/92PC Magazine8.33Quattro Pro for Windows, Version 1.0
-$49511/10/92PC Magazine9.17Yes11Excel
4.0$49510/12/92INFOWORLD6.9p. 105 'Spreadshee Testing' John
Walkenbach1Quattro Pro Win1.1$49510/12/92INFOWORLD6.51-2-3 V
1.1$49510/12/92INFOWORLD5.81-2-3 Version 3.19/23/92INFOWORLDQuattro
Pro for Win$4959/23/92INFOWORLDp. 15 Doug Barney - "1-2-3 Version
3.1 does not have the performance of Quattro Pro"Spreadsheet
Article9/14/92INFOWORLDp. 4 Stewart Alsop - "Deep price cuts on
1-2-3 for Windows changing its sales and pricing strategy" "Excel
already judged by us and others to be the standard of comparison in
spreadsheet design."1Excel 4.0 for Mac$4959/7/92INFORWORLDSCORE -
9.2p. 77 John Walkenbach "Excel 4.0 for Macintosh has the look and
feel of Windows." "consistency benefits offices running both
platforms"* *Sep-92LOTUS - BORLAND COURT RULING1-2-3 for Win
1.1$5958/3/92INFOWORLDSCORE -6.6p. 78 John Walkenbach -
"functionality closer to Excel 4.0" "adds smarticon feature for
mouse users, slower than Excel" - Now Part of SmartSuite-Excel
4.0Jul-92Byte"Battle of the Super Spreadsheets" p. 40 Kenneth
Sheldon1Quattro Pro,1.0 WinJul-92Byte"Excel is still the Superman
of spreadsheets, but Quattro Pro's features make it a worth
challenger"Lotus 1-2-36/16/92PC Magazine"Software Satisfaction and
Support Survey" - SpreadsheetsQuattro Pro6/16/92PC Magazinep 296.
Brad Grimes- "Borland's Quattro Pro garnered the highest score for
overall satisfaction in our survey of spread sheet users" "Not far
behing was Micosoft Excel for Windows" which "far outshone Lotus
1-2-3 for Windows in overall satisfaction"1Windows Excel6/16/92PC
MagazineExcel for MacJun-92ByteyesTHE 1992 READERS' CHOICE AWARDS -
Michael Nadeau p. 121 Spreadsheet of the Year, Excel for Mac and
for DOS/Windows -Quattro Pro 3.01Quattro Pro 3.0Jun-92ByteyesExcel
4.04/27/92INFOWORLDSCORE- 9.3p. 74 John Walkenbach, "if you want
the best spreadsheet available, look no further than Excel
4.0"Quattro Pro 4.04/6/92INFOWORLDSCORE- 7.3P. 117 John Walkenbach,
"Quattro Pro 4.0 is the Ideal DOS Spreadsheet" "surpasses DOS based
versions of 1-2-3 in every area" "functions are a superset of those
found in 1-2-3."Excel 4.0Apr-92P C World'Software Shelf' - Best
Spreadsheet- Ever1Excel 4.03/23/92INFOWORLDFirst Look p 124. John
Walkenbach, "no current spreadsheet can match it analytical
capability" "I don't expect Quattro Pro for Windows or the new
version of 1-2-3 for Windows to come close"!-2-3
1.0a2/17/92INFOWORLDp 1. Lafe Low, Upgrade for 1-2-3 1.0, Lotus CEO
Jim Manzi "admitted that Lotus stubbed its toe on 1-2-3,Win 1.0"
stated that Lotus sold $50m worth of 1-2-3W in first three months-
Release of SmartSuite Mid '92Quattro Pro 4.01/27/92INFOWORLDp. 1
Raphael Needleman, "Quattro Pro 4 for DOS is more powerful and
easier to use than 1-2-3."540C-A SuperCalc, Version 5.1
$14912/31/91PC Magazine6.25"8th Annual Awards for Technical
Excellence"InstaCalc, Version 3.0 - $4912/31/91PC
Magazine3.75"Spreadsheets Begin to Put the User First" p 241.
CraigLotus 1-2-3 for DOS, Release 2.3 -$49549512/31/91PC
Magazine6.25Stinson - "Excel includes the most extensive set of
features the most comprehensive development language, and the
broadest array of publishing features available" " chief failing is
lack of 1-2-3 compatibility"Lotus 1-2-3 for DOS, Release 3.1 Plus
-$59559512/31/91PC Magazine7.92Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows -
$59559512/31/91PC Magazine7.92Lucid 3-D $49.945012/31/91PC
Magazine4.17Microsoft Excel, Version 3.0 -$49549512/31/91PC
Magazine8.75Yes1Plan Perfect, Version 5.1 $39539512/31/91PC
Magazine5.83Quattro Pro, Version 3.01-$49549512/31/91PC
Magazine7.5Wingz, Version 1.1a -$499 (Informix)49912/31/91PC
Magazine6.25Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows,Rel 1.010/29/91PC
Magazine"First Looks" Craig Stinson p.35 (Replicates functions of
DOS 3.1Version) "Short on Innovation" "Use of Windows is minimal,
unconventional on screen and buggy" p.36-"lost a lot of its market
share to Microsoft Excel and Borland in the last 12 months."Quattro
Pro 3.0Sep-91ByteJohn Pepper p. 279 Lotus is faster. Author's
Choice is Quattro Pro for "a more appealing feature set"Lotus 1-2-3
Rel 2.3Sep-91ByteExcel 3.0$495Sep-91P C WorldYES'Spreadsheets:
Beyond Number Crunching" Richard Scoville p. 171 Excel 3.0 BEST BUY
- "impressive features but the real story is an 'utterly intuitive
interface'". p. 1771Quattro Pro 3.0$495Sep-91P C World1-2-3 Rel
2.3,3.1$495/$595Sep-91P C WorldSuperCalc5$149Sep-91P C WorldWingz
1.1A$499Sep-91P C WorldLotus 1-2-3 Release 2.3 and Release
3.1Jul-91PC Magazine"First Looks" -Craig Stinson p.35 "Release 2.3
remains weak in file-linking" p.42SCOREJun-91ByteSUPPLEMENT
National Software Testing Laborotories p 171Excel
3.0Jun-91Byte8.91Quattro Pro 2Jun-91Byte8.41-2-3 Rel
3.1Jun-91Byte7.2Wingz for WindowsJun-91Byte6.2SuperCalc5
5DJun-91Byte5.5PlanPerfect 5.1Jun-91Byte4.8ProCube
3DJun-91Byte3.8Excel Rel 3.04/16/91PC Magazine"First Looks" Craig
Stinson p.33 "With this upgrade, Microsoft has regained the right
to claim the most ad-vanced and easiest-to-use spreadsheet. Now the
ball is back in Lotus's and Borland's court."p.351Lotus 1-2-3 Rel
3.12/12/91PC Magazinep. 219-Craig Stinson 'Graphic Improvements-
Addition of WYSIWYG' - "functionality is added onto, rather than
built into, 1-2-3." p.232. "Wysiwyg alone doesn't constitute a
compelling reason to upgrade." p. 232Excel 3.0 for Mac, Windows,
OS/2$495Feb-91Byte"New Extra's for Excel" Andrew Reinhardt p. 136
"unassailability of vision" p. 138, HIGHLY
RECOMMEND400Dec-90ByteARTICLE " Ten Years of Rows and Columns"-
AttachedLotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.1$59511/13/90PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33
Runs in Windows "Safe" mode. "text handling and printing options
are richer than Quattro Pro's and its ability to integrate graphs
and worksheet data gives it a leg up on Microsoft Excel."
p34Quattro Pro 2.0Nov-90ByteAndrew Reinhardt p. 156 "Quattro Pro is
probably your best answer" p. 157 DOSExcel10/11/90PC Magazine"First
Looks" p 33. Craig Stinson "new Macintosh spreadsheet, just
introduced for Windows and OS/2 markets is the most graphical of
all spreadsheets." "least compatible of major spreadsheet programs"
"charting options unparalleled" "comes up short in theLotus
IMPROVOct-90ByteTom Yager 1-2-3 for NEXT Computer,
"impressive"1-2-3 Rel 3.1Sep-90P C WorldRobert Lauriston - not a
valuable upgrade1-2-3/G OS/2Sep-90Byte" G Is for Graphics "
Stanford Diehl p. 182 "niche product" Graphic user interface slows
processing1-2-3/GAug-90PC MagazineAdds Solver, Backsolver, and
Linear Programming Module p. 363 Craig Stinson "if only it ran on
Windows"1-2-3 /G6/12/90PC Magazine"First Looks" p.33 Craig Stinson
" 1-2-3/G has the solver and for the moment, at least, that puts
Excel in a catch-up position" p 36 Slow Processing SpeedFull Impact
2.0$295Jun-90ByteOwen Linderholm p. 120 - O K productQuattro Pro v.
1.0$495Apr-90Personal ComputingJoseph Devlin p. 145 "head and
shoulders above Lotus" "requires add-ins to get Lotus to this
level"Quattro Pro 1.0Apr-90P C World'Seven Sensible Spreadsheets'
Richard Scoville p. 116 Quattro Pro 1.0 BEST BUY- "determined to do
1-2-3 2.2 better in every critical area, and it achieves that goal
in spades." p. 1191-2-3 2.2Apr-90P C WorldLucid 3-DApr-90P C
WorldPlan Perfect 5.0Apr-90P C WorldSmartWare II 1.01Apr-90P C
WorldSuperCalc5 Rev CApr-90P C WorldTwin Level IIIApr-90P C
WorldExcel for OS/2$495Mar-90Personal Computingp 154 James Forney
"superior to DOS version"Excel for OS/22/27/90PC Magazinep.221
Richard Hale Shaw - Laborious review of spread-sheet app for OS/2-
Speed & loading comparisons but no conclusions.Feb-90Byte"Not
Just for Numbers AnyMore" p 148. Steve Apiki, Stanford Diehl,
Howard Eglowstein - Reviews of 10 DOS/Win and 3 Mac Spreadsheets,
exhaustive matrices, no recommends or
conclusions.QuattroPro1/16/90PC MagazineAWARDS FOR TECHNICAL
EXCELLENCEQP "this is the top dog spreadsheet" p.981Lotus 1-2-3
Rel.2.21/16/90PC Magazine1-2-3 "its what most people need in a
spreadsheet"010Quattro Pro12/26/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33
Craig Stinson - "noticeably slower times than competition." p.
35Lotus 1-2-3 2.2&3.011/28/89PC Magazinep. 197, M. David Stone,
2.2 for 8088, 3.1 for 286. No overall comparison, but notes faster
processing than Excel.Excel 2.1$495/$7511/1/89P C WorldYES'Power
Spreadsheets: A New Standard?" Richard Scoville p. 96 - Excel BEST
BUY- '"superb interface and reporting capabilities." p 1031Lotus
1-2-3 Rel 311/1/89P C WorldSuperCalc511/1/89P C WorldQuattro
Version 2Nov-89ByteRich Malloy p. 111 "advantages of Excel with
1-2-3 compatability." p. 1121-2-3, 3.0$495Nov-89Personal
Computing6.9Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scale1Smart
II$349Nov-89Personal Computing6.3Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed
0-10 scaleExcel 2.1$495Nov-89Personal Computing5.9Buyer's Guide p.
135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scale1-2-3, 2.2$495Nov-89Personal
Computing5.8Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scalePlanPerfect
5.0$495Nov-89Personal Computing5.3Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed
0-10 scaleTwin Level III$249Nov-89Personal Computing4.1Buyer's
Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scaleLotus 1-2-3 Rel
3.0Nov-89ByteEdward Reno p. 255, upgrade which sacrifices speed,
disappointing graphicsPlan Perfect Ver 5.0495/7510/31/89PC
MagazineFirst Looks p 46 Craig Stinson "buggy import-export
routines for 1-2-3" "comes up short in its attempt to appeal to a
wider audience" p. 46Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 2.2495/15010/26/89PC
MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 Craig Stinson "really just upgrade for
8088 users, not compelling"Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.0$49510/12/89PC
MagazineFirst Looks p 33 Gus Venditto - " IS LOTUS STILL NUMBER
ONE?" Microsoft Excel is better at printing and cell manipulation."
p. 361-2-3 Rel 3.09/1/89ByteAndrew Reinhardt p. 90 new features and
functions, saccrifice performanceWingz$3997/1/89Byte"The Flying
Spreadsheet" Don Crabb p. 207 "faster, better graphics than
Excel"Lucid 3-D$149Jul-89P C World"requires far too many
workarounds to function effectively." p. 144 1988 Software Update
p. 142VP-Planner Plus 27/1/89Personal Computing6.6Value Index' p.
184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleQuattro 1.07/1/89Personal
Computing6.2Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleLotus
1-2-3, 2.017/1/89Personal Computing6.0Value Index' p. 184 John
Blackford, on 0-10 scaleSuperCalc47/1/89Personal Computing5.5Value
Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleLucid 3-D7/1/89Personal
Computing5.5Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10
scaleSuperCalc57/1/89Personal Computing5.2Value Index' p. 184 John
Blackford, on 0-10 scaleMS Excel, 1.07/1/89Personal
Computing3.5Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10
scaleSuperCalc 57/1/89PC MagazineSpreadsheet Analysis p. 185 Craig
Stinson - "About a year and a half ago, something happened.
Microsoft introduced Excel, a revolutionary advance over SuperCalc,
1-2-3, and everything else in the field." "more spreadsheet than
1-2-3" "more solid productLucid 3-D$99.956/1/89P C WorldYES' The
Software Shelf' p 156. limited features, but low price make it Best
BuyLucid 3D99.95/355/30/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 Craig
Stinson "not compatible with 1-2-3"SuperCalc 5$4954/11/89PC
MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 M. David Stone "Most users recognize
three classes of spreadsheet program: 1-2-3 as the standard, Excel
as the leader of a new generation, and everything else. p.
33Excel3/28/89PC Magazine"Spreadsheet Analysis" Douglas Cobb &
Stephen Cobb p139 "Microsoft's Excel is the most powerful
spreadsheet on the market today." p 139Excel1/31/89PC MagazineFirst
Looks p.33 Craig Stinson - "For well over a year, spreadsheet users
who needed to generate gorgeous printed reports from their
worksheets have had one product to rely on: Microsoft Excel." p
33ExcelJan-89ByteBYTE AWARDS - Excel DISTINCTION1201AllWays (Funk
Software)$15012/19/88INFOWORLDp. 60 John Walkenbach "with the
AllWays add-on, 1-2-3 no longer needs to take a back seat to
Microsoft's Excel"VP-Planner 2.0$180Nov-88P C WorldYESPC WORLD's
Best Buy - "much faster than 1-2-3"VP-Planner
Plus$180Sep-88Personal Computing6.3BUYER'S GUIDE TO SPREADSHEETS'.
p 131 Michael Antonoff " rivals are giving Lotus 1-2-3 the first
serious competition since its early days." Ratings on 0-10 pt
scaleQuattro$248Sep-88Personal Computing6.11-2-3$495Sep-88Personal
Computing5.9Lucid 3-D$199Sep-88Personal
Computing5.2SuperCalc4$495Sep-88Personal
Computing5.0Excel$495Sep-88Personal
Computing3.7Quattro8/22/88INFOWORLDSCORE 6.9"Spreadsheet Matches
1-2-3, Even Passes It in Some Areas" p. 50 John Walkenbach
"multilevel Undo and Re-do,and background re-calculation(feature
shared with Excel)"Quattro 1.0$248Jun-88Byte"Double Threats to
Lotus 1-2-3" Diana Gabaldon p. 167- "all of Lotus's main features
& extras at a lower price" " both have advantages over
1-2-3"Surpass 1.0$495Jun-88ByteSurpass 1.0$495Jun-88P C WorldThe
Software Shelf' p.180 "equals or bests 1-2-3 feature for feature"
"costs as much as Excel without matching the latter's superb
interface and formatting features."Quattro$195Apr-88P C
World"Quattro Goes 1-2-3 Better" William Urschel p. 108 adds some
functionality but doesn't quite match power of 1-2-3, missed
overall vote of excellentLotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.3/14/88INFOWORLDMichael
Miller p. 1 "3-D worksheets are the key feature of Lotus 1-2-3
Release 3" "most of the new features are items that have looked
good in competitive products or in
add-insSurpass3/7/88INFOWORLD"Feature-rich Spreadsheet Improves
Upon 1-2-3" John Walkenbach p. 61 "Surpass overcomes many of the
limitations of 1-2-3" "adds multiple active spreadsheets,
simplified spreadsheet linking and an Undo
command"Excel$495Mar-88PC World'Excel: Should You Switch?' - Ralph
Soucie p. 108 "now a serious challenger- indeed, a better product
has made its debut: Microsoft Excel." p 108 "if you're training new
spreadsheet users, Excel is definitely the product of choice."
p.115 for Release 2Excel 2.0Mar-88ByteRich Malloy p. 155 "Excel
Extraordinaire" New for IBM, "rare product that combines ease of
use and exceptional power" p. 157VP-Planner
Plus$179.95Feb-88Personal Computingp. 200 Michael Antonoff -
"outstanding performer at half the price of 1-2-3."NOTE:1/26/88PC
MAGAZINELiving with Lotus' by Jim Seymour - A lengthy treatise on
Lotus Add-Ins * *Microsoft Excel1/12/88PC MagazinetieAWARD FOR
TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE p.1761Lucid 3-D1/12/88PC MagazinetieAWARD FOR
TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE p.176Excel1/11/88INFOWORLDSoftware Review p.
55 John Walkenbach "the industry's most customizable spreadsheet"
"takes the industry standard and improves on it in the ways that
matter most"100Microsoft Excel12/28/87INFORWORLD9.4100 PRODUCTS OF
THE YEAR p. 351Javelin12/28/87INFORWORLD9.3100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR
p. 35Trapeze (Mac)12/28/87INFORWORLD8.3100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR p.
35Multiplan Ver 3.012/28/87INFORWORLD7.9100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR p.
35Excel12/22/87P C Magazine"A New Face for Spreadsheets" p 103
Jared Taylor "feature for feature, Excel is far better than 1-2-3."
p. 111 "greater hardware demands only
con"Excel12/21/87INFOWORLD'Microsoft's PC Spreadsheet Sets New
Standard' p. 41John Walkenbach- "Microsoft has a winner here" " one
of the year's most innovative products, more powerful and more
forward looking than any other spreadsheet on the
market"VP-Planner12/14/87INFORWORLD"improved look and feel of
spreadsheets over Lotus" "also enhances spreadsheet capability"
"surpasses Lotus in several areas"Quattro$19512/8/87PC
MagazineFirst Looks' p.33 Mike Falkner- "Quattro: More Than 1-2-3
At Less than Half the Cost" -"a powerful spreadsheet with more
features than 1-2-3, Release 2.01, yet fully compatible and a
better price." p. 34ExcelDec-87Personal Computingp. 102 Michael
Antonoff "Excel offers a lot in the form of tantalizing features
missing from the current version of 1-2-3." "there are now plenty
of alternatives to Lotus." p. 1021-2-3Dec-87Personal ComputingLotus
1-2-3 Rel 2 ADD-INSFREE11/24/87PC MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 Gus
Venditto "Lotus removed Copy Protection for future products and
began distributing free copies of two 1-2-3 Release 2 Enhancements,
'Speedup' and Learn'."Competition is usually good for consumers. In
the spreadsheet wars, that's clExcel11/23/87INFOWORLDWilliam
Zachman. "both Excel and Quattro offer significant advantages over
1-2-3."Quattro11/23/87INFOWORLDMicrosoft Excel11/10/87PC
MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 - Jared Taylor - "Microsoft Corp. has
just unleashed a spreadsheet that makes 1-2-3 look like a rough
draft."BETA'S of11/1/87ByteEzra Shapiro p. 119 "these programs will
challenge Lotus 1-2-3's dominance in statistical
analysis."PlanPerfect11/1/87ByteQuattro11/1/87Byte??10/27/87PC
MagazineChallenging 1-2-3 on Price and Power' p. 94- "Years ago
1-2-3's market share reached critical mass, and conformity to the
Lotus Standard became more important than buying a better program."
p. 941-2-310/1/87Personal ComputingMichael Antonoff p. 101
"SuperCalc, VP-Planner, Twin, lack the elegance of 1-2-3 in links
to applications."SuperCalc10/1/87Personal
ComputingVP-Planner10/1/87Personal ComputingTwin10/1/87Personal
Computingpfs:professional plan$2497/1/87PC WorldJohn Walkenbach p
249. - "professional plan's macro capability leaves 1-2-3 at the
starting gate." p.252SuperCalc4$495/ $1007/1/87PC WorldScott D.
Palmer p. 253 - "a solid, full-featured and worthy challenger to
Lotus's top gun" " offers more bang for the buck, if you dont need
to stick to the standard." p.255Silk$2987/1/87PC WorldJeffrey Kahn
p. 256 "its impressive set of integrated bells and whistles,
reasonable price, and lack of copy protection give spreadsheet
buyers an impressive alternative to 1-2-3." p 258PlanPerfect
3.0$395 /$1007/1/87PC WorldStephen A. Blumenthal p.258 - "doesn't
deliver the punch to prompt most 1-2-3 users to dump their software
stalwart." p. 261Silk$2984/28/87PC MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33
"Feature for feature, Silk looks like a bet-HAL$1502/24/87PC
MagazineHere Comes HAL' -Lotus development's Add-in to extend Lotus
CapabilitiesSuperCalc 4 Ver. 1.0$4951/27/87PC MagazineA Great
Contender' p. 135 Bruce Brown- High praise for SuperCalc, no direct
1-2-3 comparisonSuperCalc 4495/1001/13/87PC Magazine"BEST OF 1986"
p. 115- "if market dominance were based on rational criteria,
Computer Associates' SuperCalc 4 would certainly replace 1-2-3 as
the leading spreadsheet program. After all, it can do anything that
1-2-3 can do and adds some notable featuresVP-Planner1/13/87PC
MagazineMultidimensional Spreadsheets' p.243 Marvin Bryan Praise
for features not present in 1-2-3/CalcIT1/13/87PC
MagazineBoeingCalc1/13/87PC MagazineTM/11/13/87PC
MagazinemicroCube1/13/87PC
Magazine100Total28910380.73684210530.23684210530.02631578951-2-3
Release 2.01495/15011/25/86PC MagazineFirst Looks' p 33 - "no new
features, A few bugs fixed" "Maintenance Release" $15 for owners of
release 2FarSight, Version2C$99.9510/14/86PC Magazine1-2-3
Knockoffs: How Close Do They Come?" p. 167 JaredVP-Planner, V
1.21$99.9510/14/86PC MagazineYESTaylor- EDITORS' CHOICE
VP-PLANNERThe Twin, V 1.3$9910/14/86PC MagazineSuperCalc49/16/86PC
MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 - M. David Stone "Super graphics
capabilities are vastly more advanced than 1-2-3's, too"The
Twin$145Aug-86PC Magazinep. 59 Christopher Barr 'The Twin: Slow
Lotus for Less Money' "an integrated spreadsheet program similar to
1-2-3 that has better graphics but a slower operational
speed."VP-Planner$149.95Apr-86PC World'Paper Planner' p 253-
William Urschel "suffers slightly in speed trials against 1-2-3."
p. 257 but "VP-Planner easily outmuscles 1-2-3 as an analysis and
number-processing tool." p. 257Javelin$7003/11/86PC
MagazineSoftware' p. 213 Jared Taylor- "a fine product with a
genuinely new approach to financial modeling and only a few rough
edges" " In a fair fight with 1-2-3, it might win, but in a world
that already runs on 1-2-3, it's in for a hard slog."
p.225Javelin$695Mar-86P C World'Javelin" Beyond Rows and Columns"
William Urschel p. 156 "sluggish execution speed is evident in all
views"; "specialized tool, but it's not as flexible or universal as
1-2-3." p 1671-23 Release 2495/140Jan-86PC World'More Power to You"
p 177 Harry Miller - fourfold increase in spreadsheet size - p 179.
40 new macro's p180. "Release 2 omits support for a third dimension
or at least a slick way to link spreadsheets, like in Multiplan or
Excel." p. 189Dec-85PC WorldNOTE:both creators of the foundation
product, VisiCalc- Software Arts and VisiCorp- dissolved by
mid-1985. Lotus purchased Software Arts, May 1985, suspended
manufacture of VisiCalc, offered owners Upgrade to 1-2-3. p.
221ExcelSep-85ByteJerry Pournell p. 347 REVIEW OF EXCEL DEMO AT
COMDEX- "Excel will make the Mac into a serious business machine"
p. 352Data Edition$250Jan-85Personal ComputingProduct Reviews p 171
James Fawcette, IBM, "capable spreadsheet"Lotus
SYMPHONY$695Jan-85ByteDick Pountain p. 317- Upgrade of
1-2-3SuperCalc 3$395May-84Personal ComputingTop Marks, Excellent
GraphicsMultiplanMay-84ByteReviewer's Notebook- Rich Malloy p. 187
"Multiplan will probably replace VisiCalc as the standard to which
other spreadsheets are compared." Only 1 paragraph
reviewSuperCalc3Mar-84PC World'SuperCalc 3: A Step Up' - p. 103
Bill Permar, "Today Sorcim is again challenging the spreadsheet
champion, Lotus 1-2-3." better graphics -"but from that point on in
the comparison, 1-2-3 leaves the contender in the dust."Lotus
1-2-3Oct-83PC Worldp 120 Edwin T. Moore "Lotus Development released
1-2-3 in January 1983." "Several months of reports on 1-2-3
out-selling Visicalc and StretchCalc (add-in)" " a new type of
program, a spreadbase." "1-2-3 is the current King of the
Spreadbase" p. 13VisiCalcOct-83PC WorldT K ! Solver$299Apr-83PC
World'The T K ! Avant Garde' p 93 Edward Rogers "poor user
interface" " Users are left to grapple with yet another cryptic
command alphabet" p97MultiPlan$275Feb-83PC World'MultiPlan Inherits
the Spreadsheet Legacy' p. 124 Edward Rogers -(VisiCalc introduced
in 1978) "SuperCalc still lacks a user interface for less technical
users" p 124 "Multiplan addresses this deficiency with a powerful
user interface as well as advVisiCalcFeb-83PC
WorldSuperCalcFeb-83PC WorldLotus 1-2-3$495Jan-83Personal
ComputingIntroductory Review - p. 208 "combines spreadsheet,
graphics, and information management in one program."Lotus
1-2-3$495Jan-83PC World"1-2-3 does not handle text as well as MBA."
p. 104 "MBA is very slow in performing data management tasks." p
104 "MBA's forms function is clearly more developed and easier to
use than 1-2-3's." p 108 "1-2-3 is a more fully developed product"
p 116 HaMBA Version 2.0$695Jan-83PC WorldLotus 1-2-3Jan-83PC
World'The Graphsheet Contenders' p 124 Andrew T. WilliamsMBA
Version 2.0Jan-83PC World"1-2-3 is certainly a state of the art
electronic worksheet program" "almost certainly the program of
choice" p. 133Lotus 1-2-3Dec-82Byte"Soon Available for IBM PC"
Gregg Williams p 182 "Many more functions and commands than
VisiCalc" "Revolutionary instead of evolutionary"DeskTop Plan
II$250Oct-82Byte"Beyond the Peaks of VisiCalc" p. 29 Jack
BishopMicrofinesse$495Oct-82BytePlan
80$295Oct-82ByteMultiplan$275Mar-82Personal Compsolid
performerVisiCalcJun-81Personal Computingtwo upgrades to VisiCalc
spreadsheetMACwingzExcel5Jun-96MacWorld"The Macworld office" by
David Pogue p. 98-103;Selection in the MacWorld
Suite1ClarisWorks4Jun-96MacWorld"The Macworld office" by David
Pogue p. 98-103;Runner up to Excel# Excel 5.0$300Dec-94MacUser4.5p.
43 . Clay Andres MS Excel 5.0 Major Upgrade, wonderful utility,
>Power Hog, p.46 SCORE 4.5Lotus
1-2-3,1.1Mac$495Apr-93MacUser4higher usability, loses points for
complexityDeskCalc$399.95Mar-93MacUser3MACUSER BUYING GUIDE
93Excel$495Mar-93MacUser5MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 931Resolve
V1.0v3$399Mar-93MacUser4.5MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Lotus 1-2-3 for
Mac$495Mar-93MacUser4MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Wingz
1.1a$399Mar-93MacUser3.5MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Full
Impact$295Mar-93MacUser2MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93BiPlan
2.07$59Aug-92MacUser592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 46Excel v
3.0$495Aug-92MacUser592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 461Lotus 1-2-3 for
Mac$495Aug-92MacUser4.592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 46Wingz V
1.0$399Aug-92MacUser3.592 BUYERS GUIDE p.
46Excel3Jul-92MacWorldEditors' Choice"Spreadsheets That Count" by
Charles Seiter p. 168-1731MS Excel 3.0$495Jun-92MacUser5BUSINESS
BUYERS GUIDE1Resolve 1.0v3$399Jun-92MacUser4.5BUSINESS BUYERS
GUIDE1-2-3 for Mac 1.0$495Jun-92MacUser4.5BUSINESS BUYERS
GUIDEExcel for MacJun-92ByteyesTHE 1992 READERS' CHOICE AWARDS -
Michael Nadeau p. 121 Spreadsheet of the Year, Excel for Mac and
for DOS/Windows -Quattro Pro 3.01Lotus 1-2-3
Mac1.0$495Mar-92MacUser4Louis Benjamin "excellent features" SCORE
41-2-3 for Mac1/13/92INFOWORLDp. 15 Lafe Low, high marks for
graphics, outstanding user interfaceClaris Resolve
1.0$399Jan-92ByteChristopher Gibson p. 273 - Resolve is "impressive
new entry, needs a few tweaks"Excel 3.0Jan-92ByteYES1991 EDITORS'
CHOICE AWARD - Excel 3.0 p. 123Resolve Vers
1.0$399Dec-91MacUser4.5Louis Benjamin, SCORE 4.5BiPlan
2.03$59Oct-91MacUser5Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon AkerWorks
2.0$295Oct-91MacUser4.5Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon AkerFull
Impact 1.1$349Oct-91MacUser4Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon
AkerDeskCalc 3.03$399Oct-91MacUser3.5Budget Spreadsheets p 106
Sharon AkerExcel 3.0$495Jul-91MacUser5Louis Benjamin p. 57 SCORE
5Full Impact 2.0$295Feb-91MacUserJohn Rizzo p
58MacCalc$139Jul-90MacUser4Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken
Landis11Full Impact 1.1$295Jul-90MacUser4Choosing a Spreadsheet p.
162 Ken LandisExcel 2.2$395Jul-90MacUser4Choosing a Spreadsheet p.
162 Ken LandisRagtime 3$595Jul-90MacUser3.5Choosing a Spreadsheet
p. 162 Ken LandisWorks 2.0$295Jul-90MacUser3Choosing a Spreadsheet
p. 162 Ken LandisTrapeze 2.1$295Jul-90MacUser2.5Choosing a
Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken LandisWingz 1.1Mar-90MacUserYESEDITORS'
CHOICE AWARDS p 93. hon mention to Excel 2.2 and Full Impact
1.11Wingz$399Jan-90Byte90 AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE - Wings from
InformixWingz (mac)$3999/1/89Personal ComputingSandra R. Reed. p
186 . good ease of use, Great for Presentations#Full Impact
1.0$395Feb-89ByteDiana Gabaldon p. 211 "good spreadsheet, computes
slower than Excel"Excel 1.512/12/88INFOWORLD8.21Full Impact
1.012/12/88INFOWORLD6.6"Spreadsheet Applications for Macintosh
Offer Fresh Look" p. 81 Jim Hays and Greg
SmithTrapeze12/12/88INFOWORLD6.1Works12/12/88INFOWORLD5.6MacCalc
1.2d12/12/88INFOWORLD5.1Multiplan12/12/88INFOWORLD4.7Excel8/15/88INFOWORLD"Evolutionary
Mac Spreadsheet Maintains Market Supremacy" p. 51 Don Crabb "Excel
Redefines itself as the current market leader in the Macintosh
spreadsheet market"ExcelJan-86Personal ComputingSandra Reed p. 150
"high marks for Excel versus Crunch, SuperCrunch, and
Jazz."1CrunchJan-86Personal Computingare there no ratings in this
article?SuperCrunchJan-86Personal ComputingJazzJan-86Personal
ComputingExcel 11/1/86MacUser5MacUser "MindFinders" p.
132-1461MultiPlan199.951/1/86MacUser4MacUser "MindFinders" p.
132-146Crunch 12951/1/86MacUser3MacUser "MindFinders" p.
132-146Crunch$295Sep-85Personal ComputingGood Features, value
pricedSuperCalc 3aJul-85Personal ComputingExcellent
performanceJazz$595Mar-85Personal Computingcapable
spreadsheetFlashCalc$99Sep-84Personal ComputingGood spreadsheet for
AppleVcalc 80$89Mar-83Personal Computingp. 227 new spreadsheet for
Apple10101120.8333333333Dec-83PC World1983-1984 Annual Software
Review - Spreadsheets p. 108Multiplan275 MicrosoftDaniel
BricklinUniCalc99 Lifeboat Assoc.SuperCalc195 Sorcim CorpThe
Thinker75 TexasSoftVisiCalc250 VisiCorp[IBM VERSION $200]ProCalc350
Software Products CMiniModel495 Westico IncEasyCalc99.95 Norell
DataVisiCalc IV250 VisiCorpcombines Visi-StretchSuperCalc 2295
SorcimMerge Calc125 Micro Decision SysVIS Bridge/Sort89 Solutions
IncVisualize100 Norell Data IncVIZ.A.CON139.95 Abacus
Assoc.MicroPlan495 Chang LaborotoriesBitscale$300 Boeing Computer
ServicesBFT$195 Softstar IncPerfect Calc$295 Perfect
SoftwareNovaCalc$29.95 Hourglass SystemsPlannerCalc$99
ComshareEncore!$1850 Ferox MicrosystemsDesktop Plan$300
VisicorpVIS/BRIDGE/REP$$95 Solutions IncScratchPad$295
SuperSoftPhoenix Planning$189 Phoenix ConsultingFinar$695 Finar
ResearchBOS/Planner$400 BOS NationalCalcStar$195 Micro Pro
Int.Peach Calc$150 Peachtree SoftwareEasy Planner$250 Inform.
UnlimitedCOPE$395 AntechSpread$500 Lupfer & LongElectronic
Spreads$1500 American PlanningLogiCalc$190 Software ProductsPlan
80$295 Digital MarketingTarget Financial$325
ComshareMicro/Profit$3000 Via Computer Inc&APage &PStan
Liebowitz:VOL 1 # 2Stan Liebowitz:VOL 1 # 1Stan Liebowitz:can this
be right? Is this 3.0?Stan Liebowitz:we need this article.Stan
Liebowitz:note these are BUDGET!!Stan Liebowitz:for full
impactsince maccacl is budgetchartschartsPersonal
Computing9/1/88Personal Computing9/1/88Personal
Computing9/1/88Personal Computing7/1/89Personal
Computing7/1/89Personal
Computing7/1/89Byte6/1/91Byte6/1/91Byte6/1/91INFOWORLD10/12/92INFOWORLD10/12/92INFOWORLD10/12/92PC
Magazine2/8/94PC Magazine2/8/94PC
Magazine2/8/94INFOWORLD2/28/94INFOWORLD2/28/94INFOWORLD2/28/94Home
Off Comp4/1/96Home Off Comp4/1/96Home Off
Comp4/1/96Byte12/1/96Byte12/1/96Byte12/1/96PC Magazine2/18/97PC
Magazine2/18/97PC Magazine2/18/97PC World2/1/98PC World2/1/98PC
World2/1/98ExcelLotusQuattroRatingsFigure 8.5: Spreadsheet
Comparison
Ratings3.75.96.13.566.28.97.28.46.95.86.59.798.759.7986.86.78679779.58333333338.757.08333333338.87.56.9num
ratings198719871987198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997Figure
x: Number of
WinsExcelQuattroLotus100100211010400540220720200100300normratings198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997QuattroLotusExcelFigure
8.11: Shipment Share of
Spreadsheets868.69.78.4561020.449.611.718.441339807258.080211872719.031585862818.113016546445.275310620830.598103134516.570883568532.887432442346.39651757119.495346022125.225859840462.65054473087.437773283319.820700933871.32829732316296552669EXHIBITS303173031730317314133141331413321193211932119322033220332203323873238732387328133281332813329643296432964331903319033190332703327033270334823348233482338483384833848338893388933889339313393133931339803398033980342113421134211342743427434274343353433534335346043460434604354003540035400354793547935479354903549035490ExcelFigure
8.5: SS List Prices over time495495495495495299495340mkt share and
price198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997ExcelQuattroLotusFigure
8.12: Revenue Share of
SS9.72.568.612.13.669.215.39.766.123.248222666210.316667441162.044049997740.083447296710.574636551342.736688065649.45255535686.417668553639.906583764266.41811837643.602626864328.186242310879.28749902063.483901940316.439708920384.09913760282.434349984413.435809010191.52886971041.08530025927.3544769118winsSheetDateMagazineScoreAverage
of ScoreDateMagazineQuattro9/1/88Personal
Computing6.19/1/887/1/896/1/9110/12/922/8/942/28/944/1/9612/1/962/18/972/1/98Lotus9/1/88Personal
Computing5.9SheetPersonal ComputingPersonal
ComputingByteINFOWORLDPC MagazineINFOWORLDHome Off CompBytePC
MagazinePC WorldExcel9/1/88Personal
Computing3.7Excel3.73.58.96.99.798899.58333333338.8Quattro01-Jul-89Personal
Computing6.2Lotus5.967.25.88.756.8678.757.5Lotus01-Jul-89Personal
Computing6.0Quattro6.16.28.46.59.796.7777.08333333336.9Excel01-Jul-89Personal
Computing3.5Excel01-Jun-91Byte8.9Quattro01-Jun-91Byte8.4Lotus01-Jun-91Byte7.2Excel12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.9Quattro12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.5Lotus12-Oct-92INFOWORLD5.8Lotus2/8/94PC
Magazine8.75Quattro2/8/94PC Magazine9.79Excel2/8/94PC
Magazine9.79Excel2/28/94INFOWORLD8Lotus2/28/94INFOWORLD6.8Quattro2/28/94INFOWORLD6.7Excel01-Apr-96Home
Off Comp8Lotus01-Apr-96Home Off Comp6Quattro01-Apr-96Home Off
Comp7ExcelDec-96Byte9QuattroDec-96Byte7LotusDec-96Byte7Excel18-Feb-97PC
Magazine9.58Lotus18-Feb-97PC Magazine8.75Quattro18-Feb-97PC
Magazine7.08Quattro01-Feb-98PC World6.9Lotus01-Feb-98PC
World7.5Excel01-Feb-98PC
World8.8MacintoshSheetDateMagazaineScoreAverage of
ScoreDateMagazaineExcel12/12/88Infoworld10.0Excel
1.51/1/8612/12/887/1/906/1/928/1/923/1/93Full
Impact12/12/88Infoworld8.0Full Impact
1.0SheetMacUserInfoworldMacUserMacUserMacUserMacUserMacCalc12/12/88Infoworld6.2MacCalc
1.2dExcel101010101010MacCalcJul-90MacUser10$139MacCalcFull
Impact8.0487804878104Full ImpactJul-90MacUser10$295Full Impact
1.1Lotus998ExcelJul-90MacUser10$395Excel
2.2MacCalc6.219512195110ExcelJun-92MacUser10$495MS Excel
3.0Resolve99ResolveJun-92MacUser9$399Resolve
1.0v3Wingz77LotusJun-92MacUser9$4951-2-3 for Mac
1.0ExcelAug-92MacUser10$495Excel v 3.0LotusAug-92MacUser9$495Lotus
1-2-3 for MacWingzAug-92MacUser7$399Wingz V
1.0ExcelMar-93MacUser10$495ExcelResolveMar-93MacUser9$399Resolve
V1.0v3LotusMar-93MacUser8$495Lotus 1-2-3 for
MacWingzMar-93MacUser7$399Wingz 1.1aFull
ImpactMar-93MacUser4$295Full
ImpactExcel1/1/86MacUser10MultiPlan1/1/86MacUser8Crunch1/1/86MacUser620.01.219512195112.195121951216.19.815585960712.47.584770969720.020.020.020.018.018.020.018.014.020.018.016.014.08.020.016.012.0wins000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotusQuattroRatingsFigure
8.3: Comparison RatingsMacSheetDateMagazineScorenormscoreAverage of
normscoreDateMagazineQuattro9/1/88Personal
Computing6.19.79/1/887/1/896/1/919/1/9112/31/9110/12/9211/10/922/8/942/28/944/1/9612/1/962/18/972/1/98Lotus9/1/88Personal
Computing5.99.4SheetPersonal ComputingPersonal ComputingBytePC
WorldPC MagazineINFOWORLDPC MagazinePC MagazineINFOWORLDHome Off
CompBytePC MagazinePC WorldExcel9/1/88Personal
Computing3.75.9Excel5.8730158735.3030303031010101010101010101010Quattro01-Jul-89Personal
Computing6.29.4Lotus9.36507936519.09090909098.08988764048.5955056189.05142857148.40579710145.428.9376915228.57.57.77777777789.13043478268.5227272727Lotus01-Jul-89Personal
Computing6.09.1Quattro9.68253968259.39393939399.43820224728.5955056188.57142857149.42028985519.17108.3758.757.77777777787.39130434787.8409090909Excel01-Jul-89Personal
Computing3.55.3Excel01-Jun-91Byte8.910.0Quattro01-Jun-91Byte8.49.4Lotus01-Jun-91Byte7.28.1Excel12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.910.0Quattro12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.59.4Lotus12-Oct-92INFOWORLD5.88.4Quattro2/8/94PC
Magazine9.7910.0Excel2/8/94PC Magazine9.7910.0Lotus2/8/94PC
Magazine8.758.9Excel2/28/94INFOWORLD810.0Lotus2/28/94INFOWORLD6.88.5Quattro2/28/94INFOWORLD6.78.4Excel01-Apr-96Home
Off Comp810.0Lotus01-Apr-96Home Off Comp67.5Quattro01-Apr-96Home
Off
Comp78.8ExcelDec-96Byte910.0QuattroDec-96Byte77.8LotusDec-96Byte77.8Excel18-Feb-97PC
Magazine9.5810.0Lotus18-Feb-97PC Magazine8.759.1Quattro18-Feb-97PC
Magazine7.087.4Excel01-Feb-98PC World8.810.0Lotus01-Feb-98PC
World7.58.5Quattro01-Feb-98PC World6.97.8Excel10-Nov-92PC
Magazine1010Lotus10-Nov-92PC Magazine5.425.42Quattro10-Nov-92PC
Magazine9.179.17Excel31-Dec-91PC Magazine8.7510.0Lotus31-Dec-91PC
Magazine7.929.1Quattro31-Dec-91PC Magazine7.58.6Excel01-Sep-91PC
World3.5610.0Lotus01-Sep-91PC World3.068.6Quattro01-Sep-91PC
World3.068.6MacintoshSheetDateMagazaineScorenorm scoreAverage of
norm scoreDateMagazaineExcel12/12/88??4.110.0Excel
1.512/12/887/1/906/1/928/1/923/1/93Full Impact12/12/88??3.38.0Full
Impact
1.0Sheet??MacUserMacUserMacUserMacUserMacCalc12/12/88??2.66.2MacCalc
1.2dExcel1010101010MacCalcJul-90MacUser410.0$139MacCalcFull
Impact8.0487804878104Full ImpactJul-90MacUser410.0$295Full Impact
1.1Lotus998ExcelJul-90MacUser410.0$395Excel
2.2MacCalc6.219512195110ExcelJun-92MacUser510.0$495MS Excel
3.0Resolve99ResolveJun-92MacUser4.59.0$399Resolve
1.0v3Wingz77LotusJun-92MacUser4.59.0$4951-2-3 for Mac
1.0ExcelAug-92MacUser510.0$495Excel v
3.0LotusAug-92MacUser4.59.0$495Lotus 1-2-3 for
MacWingzAug-92MacUser3.57.0$399Wingz V
1.0ExcelMar-93MacUser510.0$495ExcelResolveMar-93MacUser4.59.0$399Resolve
V1.0v3LotusMar-93MacUser48.0$495Lotus 1-2-3 for
MacWingzMar-93MacUser3.57.0$399Wingz 1.1aFull
ImpactMar-93MacUser24.0$295Full Impact8.8Stan Liebowitz:dosStan
Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:winExcelFull
ImpactLotusMacCalcResolveWingzRatingsFig. 8.13: Ratings of Mac
Spreadsheets000000000000000000000000000000000000Mac000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotusQuattroRatingsFigure
8.8: Comparison Spreadsheet Ratingslist price#1PC WORLD FEBRUARY
18, 1998AnalysisFormatting
&Customiz-WorkGroupAutomationFinalToolsPresentationabilityToolsand
HelpScoreCorel Quattro Pro 87.28.91.47.79.16.9Lotus 1-2-3
'974.58.17.97.79.17.5Excel '978.39.99.86.99.18.8#2PC MAGAZINE FEB
18, 1997CorelMicrosoftLotusQuattroProExcel '971-2-3 '97
BetaQuattroExcelLotusApplication & Model
BuildingExcExcExc444ChartingGoodExcGood343Worksheet
PresentationExcExcExc444Application
DevelopmentGoodExcGood343Workgroup
IntegrationPoorGoodExc134Internet
ToolsFairExcGood2437.089.588.75#3PC MAGAZINE OCTOBER 25, 1994"Excel
enjoys a clear speed advantage in Program and File Loading and in
'Cut andPasting', tied with Lotus 1-2-3 in speed of sorting
databases and gives slight edge toLotus in Speed of
recalculation"PC Magazine 11/10/92SUITABILITY TO TASKCA
SuperCalcInstaCalcLotus 1-2-3Lotus 1-2-3Lucid 3-DExcelQuattro
ProQuattro ProVer 5.5Ver 4.0DOS R 2.4Win 1.1V 2.5V 4.0DOS 4.0Win
1.0Analysis and Model Building7.52.557.52.51057.5Consolidation and
Linking1055107.5107.510Charting102.52.552.5107.510Worksheet
Publishing52.5107.52.5101010Interoperability52.52.5102.510107.5Applications
Development7.57.57.57.551010107.503.755.427.923.7510.008.339.17PC
Magazine 12/31/91Suitability to TaskCA SuperCalcInstaCalcLotus
1-2-3Lotus 1-2-3Lotus 1-2-3Lucid 3-DExcelPlan
PerfectQuattroProWingzV 5.1V 3.0DOS R 2.3DOS R 3.1Win R 1.0V 2.2V
3.0V 5.1V #.01V 1.1aComputation and
Analysis7.52.57.510102.57.557.55Consolidation7.5557.57.551057.52.5Charting7.52.557.57.55107.57.57.5Worksheet
Publishing52.57.57.57.52.57.557.57.5Compatability5557.57.557.557.55Applications
Development557.57.57.55107.57.5106.253.756.257.927.924.178.755.837.506.25PC
WORLD 9/91Excel 3.0Lotus 1-2-3QuattroProLotus
1-2-3WingzSuperCalc[Ratings are in #'s of StarsRel 3.1+V 3.0Rel
2.3V 1.1AV 5.0cEase of Use4232.521.5Decision
Support442.522.53Presentation433.533.52Performance2.53.542.540.5Data
Management4420.50.51.5Programmability43.53.53.53.53.5Price323334Service
and Support32.531.53.53OVERALL
VALUE4332.52.523.563.063.062.312.812.38PC WORLD
4/90QuattroProSuperCalc5Lotus 1-2-3PlanPerfectSmarWareIILucid
3-DTwinLevel IIIV 1.0Revision CV 2.2V 5.0V 1.01V 2.2V
3.07Spreadsheet107.57.557.555Database7.557.55N/AN/A7.5Reporting and
Graphs10107.5107.555Macros107.5107.57.57.57.5Performance10552.51052.5Overall
Value107.57.557.5559.587.087.505.838.005.505.42Stan
Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:winStan Liebowitz:top
score 6.3, VP PlannerStan Liebowitz:vp planner 6.6&APage
&PPC Wrld Rdr Svymarket share of spreadsheet units, includes
suitesfrom idcpage 4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast,
1996--2001, Mary Wardley, International Data Corporation, 1997.page
4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary
Wardley, International Data Corporation,
1997.19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998magazine
articlesQuattro8.08.420.418.418.116.69.57.46.05.0LotusMay-91P C
World'Spreadsheet War' p. 59 Eric Bender - According to Dataquest -
share change '89 to '90, Lotus fell from 54% to 47%, Quattro went
from 3% to 14%, Excel went from 12.6% to 14%. "low end packages
will
disappear."Lotus68.656.049.658.145.332.925.219.829.026.0****12/5/88INFOWORLD"Microsoft
Excel Garners Support From IBM, Other Big Corporations" p. 5 Stuart
Johnston DATAQUEST ESTIMATE FOR 1988 - 900,000 Units of 1-2-3,
150,000 Excel, 150,000
QuattroExcel9.710.011.719.030.646.462.771.365.069.0Lotus2/1/88INFOWORLD"Lotus
Cites Record Sales, Profits for 4th Quarter" p. 31 Rachel Parker
"Sales for '87 grew 40% to $395.6 million "Software Publishing
Sales for 4th Quarter $14 million"Sales EstDec-85PC World'Ledger
Domain' p 217, Harry Miller Jan thru July '85 Sales of Spreadsheets
at Retail - Source: IMS America - 1-2-3 /65% SuperCalc /3%, IBM
Planning Assistant / 3%, Multiplan / 2%, pfs:plan /2%, FlashCalc
/1%, others /24%Revenue based market sharespage 4 of "PC
Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley,
International Data Corporation, 1997.page 4 of "PC Spreadsheet
Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley, International
Data Corporation,
1997.19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998Quattro2.53.69.710.310.66.43.63.52.41.1Lotus68.669.266.162.042.739.928.216.413.47.4Excel9.712.115.323.240.149.566.479.384.191.5Average
Transaction Price, includes suitesTables 1 and 2 page 4 of "PC
Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley,
International Data Corporation,
1997.1988198919901991199219931994199519961997Quattro69.286.2100.098.980.845.235.943.120.19.3Lotus300.3250.0279.4188.8130.6141.5105.976.422.713.6Excel249.2245.0275.0215.9181.2124.3100.4102.464.762.7Average
SS price224.6202.1209.9176.7138.4116.694.781.149.647.079.1%Average
Transaction Prices for Standalone
Spreadsheets1991199219931994199519961997Quattro98.980.842.628.323.9Lotus188.8130.5150.7120.598.0Excel252.2197.5140.3107.5127.6IDC
pricesExcel196.0141.098.9average wholesale price forIDCLotus
prices19891990199119921993Windows112.0120.0124.02.x311.1161.6185.4142.93.x227.3265.0Borland76.973.5Borland
Windows100.0Excel275.0212.9196.0multiplan (Microsoft)80.0110.0Lotus
DOS combined183.2210.5142.9mkt share69.061.060.865.0%73.0PCaverage
price
Dataquest19881989ship155.0400.0550.0rev18.459.465.2price118.7148.5118.5Macintoshship180.0250.0287.5rev26.722.125.4price148.388.488.3PC
Wrld Rdr Svy000000000000000000000000000000QuattroLotusExcelFigure
x: Quantity Share of
Spreadsheets000000000000000000000000000000reviews000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotusRevenue
Share of Spreadsheets, includes
Suites000000000000000000000Publications000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotusFigure
8.9: Revenue Share of
SS000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000QuattroLotusExcelAverage
Transaction Price,
Spreadsheets000000000000000000000000000000year19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997year19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997Excel11204527213Excel100%100%50%0%100%56%50%78%100%100%100%Quattro00110422000Quattro0%0%25%100%0%44%50%22%0%0%0%Lotus00100000000Lotus0%0%25%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%1141494921339Stan
Liebowitz:all dataquest, since IDC doesn't handle suites yet.Stan
Liebowitz:from IDC. Remember that Microsoft still produced
multiplan, which was much cheaper.Stan Liebowitz:IDC, PC
spreadsheet software, 1991Stan Liebowitz:same as 89Stan
Liebowitz:IDC, PC spreadsheet market review and forcast, 1988.Stan
Liebowitz:same as 91Stan Liebowitz:same as 91Stan Liebowitz:this is
essentially standalone since suites are not included until
94?000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotusFigure 8.7:
Spreadsheet
Wins000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotus000000000000000000000000000000000Mac1988198919901991199219931994199519961997unit
shareExcel0.6470.7760.8710.8390.8680.8950.9870.9910.9900.997Lotus
1-2-30.0650.0630.0100.0000.0000.000Resolve
(claris)0.0590.0330.0280.0000.0000.0000.000Wingz
(Informix)0.1400.0910.0820.0270.0080.0000.0000.0000.000revenue
shareExcel0.6420.7060.8140.8800.9100.9180.9780.9870.9880.995L
1-2-30.0550.0640.0200.0000.0000.000Resolve
(claris)0.0450.0160.0090.0000.0000.0000.000Wingz
(Informix)0.1690.1440.0610.0180.0070.0000.0000.0000.000unitsExcel180250287315480,000570,0001,000,000836,000721900603846L
1-2-336,00040,00010,000Resolve (claris)22.218,00018,000Wingz
(Informix)453030.815,0005,000other982712.57.53,8003,8003,0008,00070002000278322330376552,800636,8001,013,000844,000728,900605,846revenuesExcel26.722.125.478.8115,000100,00099000740005970039528L
1-2-300007,0007,0002000Resolve (claris)00042,0001,000Wingz
(Informix)05.34.55.52,250750other14.93.91.31.21901902001000700200total41.631.331.289.5126,440108,940101,20075,00060,40039,728pricesExcel148.388.488.5223.5146.6131.599.088.582.765.5L
1-2-3194.4175.0200.0Resolve (claris)180.2111.155.6Wingz
(Informix)117.8150.0178.6150.0150.0other152.0144.4104.0160.050.050.066.7125.0100.0100.0total149.697.294.7238.3228.7171.199.988.982.965.6Mac
and PC prices for ExcelPC
Price118.7148.5118.5215.9181.2124.3100.4102.464.762.7Mac
Price148.388.488.5223.5146.6131.599.088.582.765.5Excel Mac and PC
market sharesPC
Share0.0970.1210.1530.23248222670.4008344730.49452555360.66418118380.79287499020.8409913760.9152886971Mac
Share0.6420.7060.8140.8800.9100.9180.9780.9870.9880.995PC prices,
Dataquest118.7096774194148.5118.5454545455old PC prices when
difference was
great249.2245.0275.0156.6139.11.1258422327ProgpricedatemagscoreProgDataTotalExcel1/1/86MacUser5Crunch
1Average of score3MultiPlan199.951/1/86MacUser4Count of
score1Crunch 12951/1/86MacUser3DeskCalcAverage of
score3MacCalc$139Jul-90MacUser4Count of score1Full
Impact$295Jul-90MacUser4DeskCalc 3.03Average of
score3.5Excel$395Jul-90MacUser4Count of score1Ragtime
3$595Jul-90MacUser3.5ExcelAverage of score4.7857142857Works
2.0$295Jul-90MacUser3Count of score7Trapeze
2.1$295Jul-90MacUser2.5Full ImpactAverage of
score3.3333333333Excel$495Jul-91MacUser5Count of score3BiPlan
2.03$59Oct-91MacUser5Lotus 1-2-3Average of score4.2Works
2.0$295Oct-91MacUser4.5Count of score5Full
Impact$349Oct-91MacUser4MacCalcAverage of score4DeskCalc
3.03$399Oct-91MacUser3.5Count of
score1Resolve$399Dec-91MacUser4.5MultiPlanAverage of score4Lotus
1-2-3$495Mar-92MacUser4Count of
score1Excel$495Jun-92MacUser5Ragtime 3Average of
score3.5Resolve$399Jun-92MacUser4.5Count of score1Lotus
1-2-3$495Jun-92MacUser4.5ResolveAverage of
score4.5Excel$495Aug-92MacUser5Count of score3Lotus
1-2-3$495Aug-92MacUser4.5Trapeze 2.1Average of score2.5Wingz V
1.0$399Aug-92MacUser3.5Count of
score1DeskCalc$399.95Mar-93MacUser3Wingz 1.1aAverage of
score3.5Excel$495Mar-93MacUser5Count of
score1Resolve$399Mar-93MacUser4.5Wingz V 1.0Average of
score3.5Lotus 1-2-3$495Mar-93MacUser4Count of score1Wingz
1.1a$399Mar-93MacUser3.5Works 2.0Average of score3.75Full
Impact$295Mar-93MacUser2Count of score2Lotus
1-2-3$495Apr-93MacUser4Total Average of
score4Excel$300Dec-94MacUser4.5Total Count of score29Stan
Liebowitz:page 15, table 8, IDC, The spreadsheet software markets
review and forecast: DOS, Windows, OS/2, and Macintosh, 1992-1997.
Mary Conti LoffredoStan Liebowitz:same as 1992, but table 4, page
12Stan Liebowitz:1988-92 from table 4 and 5, Each company's factory
revenue from shipments of software for each operating system and
category. Personal computing software vendor shipment and revenue
data, Market statistics, 1993, dataquest. May 1993Stan
Liebowitz:table 3, page 6, IDC, 1994-99Stan Liebowitz:table 2, page
; IDC, PC spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1996-2001, Mary
WardleyStan Liebowitz:same as 95Stan Liebowitz:line 17 hasdata
info0000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotus 1-2-3Resolve
(claris)Wingz (Informix)Figure 8.12: Mac Spreadsheet unit
shares000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000PC
PriceMac PriceExcel prices, Mac and
PC00000000000000000000companyproductxproductprice newDateupgrade
priceSourceAverage of price newDateQuattroQuattro$19512/8/87PC
Magazineproduct21/1/831/1/8612/8/873/1/889/1/8811/1/894/1/9011/13/902/1/919/1/919/1/9210/12/9211/23/921/11/938/30/9311/1/931/1/949/27/9412/1/962/18/973/1/97QuattroQuattro$248Sep-88Personal
ComputingExcel495495495495495299495340Quattro Pro v.
1.0Quattro$495Apr-90Personal
ComputingLotus49549549549559549536749559599.95495350495329329399Quattro
Pro 3.0Quattro$495Sep-91P C
WorldQuattro19524849549549549449.9599.9599100Quattro Pro
Win1.1Quattro$49510/12/92INFOWORLDQuattro Pro for
DOSQuattro$4941/11/93INFOWORLDQuattro
ProQuattro$49.958/30/93INFOWORLDQuattroPro Win
5Quattro$99.9511/1/93INFOWORLDDateQuattroPro for
DOSQuattro$99.9511/1/93INFOWORLDQuattro Pro
7Quattro$99Dec-96ByteTotalCorel Quattro Pro 7Quattro1002/18/9749PC
MagazineLotus 1-2-3Lotus$495Jan-83Personal ComputingLotus
SYMPHONYLotus$695Jan-85Byte1-23 Release 2Lotus495Jan-86140PC
World1-2-3Lotus$495Sep-88Personal Computing1-2-3,
3.0Lotus$495Nov-89Personal Computing524h1-2-3,
2.2Lotus$495Nov-89Personal Computing626hLotus 1-2-3 Rel
3.1Lotus$59511/13/90PC Magazine792d1-2-3 Rel 2.3,3.1Lotus495Sep-91P
C World821h1-2-3 for WindowsLotus335Sep-92P C World985d1-2-3
3.xxLotus399Sep-92P C World1024h1-2-3 V
1.1Lotus$49510/12/92INFOWORLD1178d1-2-3 Rel
3.4Lotus$59511/23/92INFOWORLD1234hLotusLotus$99.958/30/93INFOWORLD1-2-3
Win 4Lotus$49511/1/93INFOWORLD1-2-3 /DOS Rel
3.4Lotus$49511/1/93INFOWORLD1-2-3 Rel 4 DOSLotus350Jan-94100P C
WorldLotus 1-2-3 for Windows Release 5.0Lotus4959/27/94PC
Magazine1-2-3 for '97Lotus$329Dec-96ByteLotus 1-2-3 "97
BetaLotus3292/18/97105PC MagazineLotus 1-2-3 '97Lotus399Mar-97149PC
World1-2-3 Rel 3.1Lotus$595Jan PriceJuly PriceSoftware Price
WarExcelExcel$495Mar-88PC World$329$299Software Price
WarExcelExcel$495Sep-88Personal Computing$399$335Software Price
WarExcel 2.1Excel$495Nov-89Personal Computing$429$399Software Price
WarExcel 3.0Excel$495Feb-91ByteExcel 3.0Excel$495Sep-91P C
WorldExcelExcel299Sep-92P C WorldExcel
4.0Excel$49510/12/92INFOWORLDExcel '97Excel3402/18/97110PC
Magazinep. 8 "Borland Cuts Price of QuattroPro" Doug Barney
QuattroPro for DOS will go to street price of $100, list price of
$495 unchanged, probably 90-day promotionSuperCalc
3other$395May-84Personal Computingp. 1 Doug Barney - "QuattroPro
Gets Lowball Price of $49"Javelinother$7003/11/86PC Magazine"Lotus
counters with 90 'introductory price' of $99.95 for WorkGroup
Edition'VP-Plannerother$149.95Apr-86PC WorldThe
Twinother$145Aug-86PC MagazineSuperCalc4other$4957/1/87100PC
WorldVP-Planner Plusother$179Sep-88Personal ComputingLucid
3-Dother$199Sep-88Personal
ComputingSuperCalc4other$495Sep-88Personal ComputingSmart
IIother$349Nov-89Personal ComputingPlanPerfect
5.0other$495Nov-89Personal ComputingTwin Level
IIIother$249Nov-89Personal ComputingSuperCalc5other$149Sep-91P C
WorldWingz 1.1Aother$499Sep-91P C WorldSep-92P C WorldStan
Liebowitz:because of suites, I switch to dataquest&APage
&PPC PriceMac PricePC ShareMac ShareWholesale PricesMarket
ShareFig 8.15: Excel in PC and Mac
Markets000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Stan
Liebowitz:ashton-tate product is added in hereStan
Liebowitz:because suites began, and IDC doesn't deal with them
until 1994, I switch back to Dataquest in main work.Stan
Liebowitz:same as previousStan Liebowitz:same as previousExcelL
1-2-3Resolve (claris)Wingz (Informix)Figure 8.14: Mac Spreadsheet
Shares00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Stan
Liebowitz:since this is for the Windows market, there is no chance
to be confused with
multiplan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotusQuattroFigure
8.9: Prices over
time0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Borland0000000000000000000000000000000lotus00000000000000000000000000000Excel00000000readers
surveyreaders surveyP C WorldDateProductRatingP C
WorldDateProductRatingAverage of RatingDateDec-93Excel34%Average of
RatingDateDec-93Excel34%Product11/1/8411/1/8510/1/8710/1/8811/1/8910/1/9010/1/9112/1/9212/1/93Dec-93Quattro
for
Win12%Product11/1/8411/1/8510/1/8710/1/8811/1/8910/1/9010/1/9112/1/9212/1/93Dec-93Quattro20%Excel0.210.220.150.250.420.34Dec-93Quattro8%Excel0.210.220.150.250.420.34Dec-931-2-316%Multiplan0.110.070.05Dec-931-2-3
Win8%Lucid
3-D0.02Dec-93Others30%Others0.130.080.160.20.140.110.060.020.3Dec-931-2-3.xx8%Multiplan0.110.070.05Quattro0.120.120.230.310.270.2Dec-93Others30%Others0.090.080.120.180.140.110.060.020.3Dec-92Excel42%SuperCalc0.060.080.090.040.040.040.01Quattro0.120.120.230.310.270.08Dec-92Quattro27%Symphony0.060.030.030.03Dec-92Excel42%Quattro
for
Win0.12Dec-921-2-329%1-2-30.70.710.670.40.450.470.370.290.16Dec-92Quattro27%SuperCalc0.060.080.090.040.040.040.01Dec-92Others2%Dec-921-2-3.xx21%Symphony0.060.030.030.03Dec-921-2-3
Win8%VisiCalc0.04Oct-91Quattro31%Dec-92Others2%VP-Planner0.04Oct-91Excel25%1-2-3
Win0.080.08Oct-911-2-337%Oct-91Quattro31%1-2-3.xx0.70.710.670.40.450.470.370.210.08Oct-91SuperCalc1%Oct-91Excel25%Oct-91Others6%Oct-911-2-3.xx37%Oct-91SuperCalc1%Oct-901-2-347%Oct-91Others6%Oct-90Quattro23%Oct-90Excel15%Oct-901-2-3.xx47%Oct-90SuperCalc4%Oct-90Quattro23%Oct-90Others11%Oct-90Excel15%Oct-90SuperCalc4%Nov-891-2-345%Oct-90Others11%Nov-89Excel22%Nov-89Quattro12%Nov-891-2-3.xx45%Nov-89SuperCalc4%Nov-89Excel22%Nov-89Symphony3%Nov-89Quattro12%Nov-89Others14%Nov-89SuperCalc4%Nov-89Symphony3%Oct-881-2-340%Nov-89Others14%Oct-88Excel21%Oct-88Quattro12%Oct-881-2-3.xx40%Oct-88SuperCalc4%Oct-88Excel21%Oct-88Symphony3%Oct-88Quattro12%Oct-88Others20%Oct-88SuperCalc4%Oct-88Symphony3%10/1/871-2-367%Oct-88Lucid
3-D2%10/1/87SuperCalc9%Oct-88Others18%10/1/87Multiplan5%10/1/87Symphony3%10/1/871-2-3.xx67%10/1/87Others16%10/1/87SuperCalc9%10/1/87Multiplan5%Nov-851-2-371%10/1/87VP-Planner4%Nov-85Multiplan7%10/1/87Symphony3%Nov-85SuperCalc8%10/1/87Others12%Nov-85Symphony6%Nov-85Others8%Nov-851-2-3.xx71%Nov-85Multiplan7%Nov-841-2-370%Nov-85SuperCalc8%Nov-84Multiplan11%Nov-85Symphony6%Nov-84SuperCalc6%Nov-85Others8%Nov-84Others13%Nov-841-2-3.xx70%Nov-84Multiplan11%Nov-84SuperCalc6%Nov-84VisiCalc4%Nov-84Others9%Stan
Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 3Stan Liebowitz:ver 5Stan
Liebowitz:ver
4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLucid
3-DMultiplanOthersQuattroQuattro for
WinSuperCalcSymphonyVisiCalcVP-Planner1-2-3 Win1-2-3.xxPC World
Reader
Ratings000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Stan
Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 4Stan
Liebowitz:ver
3ExcelMultiplanOthersQuattroSuperCalcSymphony1-2-3Figure 8.1. PC
World Reader
Ratings000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattro1-2-3Figure
8.1. PC World Reader
Ratings000000000000000000000000000198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994LotusBorlandMicrosoft7512.512.57741963191958.29280692447.46846278433.850565085937.54727115248.930617723551.053261789439.9158290837.871217243851.4504077102000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelMultiplanQuattroSuperCalc1-2-3Figure
8.6: PC World Reader
Ratings000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Table 8.1:
ExcelMagazine/ArticleDateCommentsByte: "New Extra's for Excel,"
Andrew Reinhardt p. 136Feb-91"unassailability of vision" p. 138,
HIGHLY RECOMMENDPC Magazine: "First Looks" p 33. Craig
Stinson10/11/90"new Macintosh spreadsheet, just introduced for
Windows and OS/2 markets is the most graphical of all
spreadsheets." "least compatible of major spreadsheet programs"
"charting options unparalleled" "comes up short in the services it
provides for routinePC Magazine: Spreadsheet Analysis p. 185 Craig
Stinson7/1/89- "About a year and a half ago, something happened.
Microsoft introduced Excel, a revolutionary advance over SuperCalc,
1-2-3, and everything else in the field." "more spreadsheet than
1-2-3" "more solid product than QuattroPro"PC Magazine:
"Spreadsheet Analysis" Douglas Cobb & Stephen Cobb
p1393/28/89"Microsoft's Excel is the most powerful spreadsheet on
the market today." p 139PC Magazine: First Looks p.33 Craig
Stinson1/31/89- "For well over a year, spreadsheet users who needed
to generate gorgeous printed reports from their worksheets have had
one product to rely on: Microsoft Excel." p 33PC World: 'Excel:
Should You Switch?' Ralph Soucie p. 108Mar-88"now a serious
challenger- indeed, a better product has made its debut: Microsoft
Excel." p 108 "if you're training new spreadsheet users, Excel is
definitely the product of choice." p.115 for Release 2"Byte: Rich
Malloy p. 155 "Excel Extraordinaire"Mar-88New for IBM, "rare
product that combines ease of use and exceptional power" p. 157PC
Magazine1/12/88AWARD FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE p.176INFOWORLD:
Software Review p. 55 John Walkenbach1/11/88"the industry's most
customizable spreadsheet" "takes the industry standard and improves
on it in the ways that matter most"P C Magazine: "A New Face for
Spreadsheets" p 103 Jared Taylor12/22/87"feature for feature, Excel
is far better than 1-2-3." p. 111 "greater hardware demands only
con"INFOWORLD: 'Microsoft's PC Spreadsheet Sets New Standard' p.
41John Walkenbach-12/21/87"Microsoft has a winner here" " one of
the year's most innovative products, more powerful and more forward
looking than any other spreadsheet on the market"Table 8.2:
QuattroMagazineDateCommentsByte: Andrew Reinhardt p.
156Nov-90"Quattro Pro is probably your best answer" p. 157
DOSPersonal Computing: Joseph Devlin p. 145Apr-90"head and
shoulders above Lotus" "requires add-ins to get Lotus to this
level"P C World: 'Seven Sensible Spreadsheets' Richard Scoville p.
116Apr-90Quattro Pro 1.0 BEST BUY- "determined to do 1-2-3 2.2
better in every critical area, and it achieves that goal in
spades." p. 119PC Magazine1/16/90QP "this is the top dog
spreadsheet" p.98AWARDS FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCEPC Magazine: First
Looks p. 33 Craig Stinson -12/26/89"noticeably slower times than
competition." p. 35Byte: Rich Malloy p. 111Nov-89"advantages of
Excel with 1-2-3 compatability." p. 112INFOWORLD: "Spreadsheet
Matches 1-2-3, Even Passes It in Some Areas" p. 50 John
Walkenbach8/22/88"multilevel Undo and Re-do,and background
re-calculation(feature shared with Excel)"Byte: "Double Threats to
Lotus 1-2-3" Diana Gabaldon p. 167Jun-88"all of Lotus's main
features & extras at a lower price" " both have advantages over
1-2-3"P C World: "Quattro Goes 1-2-3 Better" William Urschel p.
108Apr-88adds some functionality but doesn't quite match power of
1-2-3, missed overall vote of excellentPublications &
DatesJournalPublished SinceMcDermott LocationP C Computing88QA76.5
P36PC Magazine86QA76.8 .I1015PC World83QA76.8 I2594MacWorld89QA76.8
.M3MacUser90QA75.8 .M3 M36P C Week83QA75.5 .P37Personal
Computing77QA76.5 .P3937Computer World82QA76 .C5816Datamation80T
175. M26Infoworld80QA76.5 .I478Inside MacIntosh85QA76.8
.M3R67Information Week85QA75.5 .I5344&APage &P
-
Chart7198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997ExcelQuattroLotusFigure
8.12: Revenue Share of
SS9.72.568.612.13.669.215.39.766.123.248222666210.316667441162.044049997740.083447296710.574636551342.736688065649.45255535686.417668553639.906583764266.41811837643.602626864328.186242310879.28749902063.483901940316.439708920384.09913760282.434349984413.435809010191.52886971041.08530025927.3544769118raw
dataProgram$ /$upg.DatePublicationOverall RatingEditors'
ChoiceQuotes/CommentsExcelqp (wingzLotusotherQuattro Pro 8Feb-98PC
World6.9p 143. "Microsoft Excel gets our nod thanks to its detailed
analysis tools, near flawless formatting, and
customizability."Lotus 1-2-3 '97Feb-98*EXHIBIT 1*7.5Excel
'97Feb-988.81Excel 97Aug-97pc computingfirstyes1Quattro Pro
8Aug-97pc computingsecondLotus 1-2-3Aug-97pc computingthirdQuattro
Pro 7.0Jul-97P C WorldMicrosoft Excel '97, Runner-Up Quattro Pro
7.01Excel '97Jul-97P C WorldYESTHE BEST PRODUCTS OF 1997' James A.
Martin p. 123Lotus 1-2-3 '97399/149Mar-97PC W