Mobility Management in Wireless communication System

Prepared By; Muhmmad Zahid

Mobility Management

• Mobility management play a significant role in the current and future of wireless networks to deliver a service during users movement.

• It actually deals with Location management, Handoff management and location update in communication. In all these locate mobile node, track movement and update location information.

• In which user profile contains location information as well as service information as a billing information and authentication information.

Advantages

• Many advantages of mobility management like quality of service much better and regarding security aspects.

Location Management

• It is fundamental issue in networking, it assume in cellular and internet networking.

• In cellular network each cell or mobile support service (MSS) cover area of a few mile, but know it reduce to meter due to network congestion and mobility of user it is difficult for MSS to cover a large area like personal communication network. Each and every user contain a unique ID or IP address to identify it for delivery of service.

How all location management working in GSM

Handoff Management

• In handoff management is basically when a user move from one base station to another base station, call should be efficiently transfer from one base station to another it would be no effect of call dropping.

• Two main types “Hard Handoff” and “Soft Handoff”.• In hard handoff connection is broke from current BS

before to connect next BS, also called break-before-make.

• In soft handoff work in parallel connection is established to next and then leave the current BS also called make-before-break.

Location Update

• In which mobile device need to inform or keep update network about its location while its moving from one base station to another. In which mobile find location area code from its update and sent it to network for his previous information and request for location update and also contain temporary mobile subscriber’s identity. Because network perform IMSI operation so it need all this location update. It could be periodic or random location update. IMSI is a identification associated with GSM and UMTS users, contain HLRs and VLRs.

• Temporary mobile subscriber identity use to identification between mobile and networks. When a mobile switched on TMSI assign a VLRs it’s a local updating processes.

Operational Principles

• Mobile node contain two addresses permanent home address and care of address. Home agent contains permanent home address in home agent networks, foreign agent contain info while mobile node moving its networks. In care of address use in routing temporary IP mobile node address to identify and forward massages to mobile device by its home address irrespective of their location on internet while by looking local endpoint of tunnel to its home agent.

Terminologies

• Mobile node: it is end device using application and keep changing their positions.

• Home location register: it contains user profile like account information and status preferences subscribed by user and user current location. It use in MSC to deliver a arrive call.

• Visitor location register: same as a HLRs but it hold temporary and exact location information come from HLRs also help MSC to roaming a call.

Paging and Location Updating in GSM

• In paging call arrive it paged in all cell of network, it face signaling overhead and delay in call/sms/data-packet delivery.

• Numbering of national and international plan enable customers from different areas can call one another by specific country code. IMSI for subscriber and IMEI for mobile device for their identifications. In IMSI contain MCC, MNC and MSIDN. In IMEI allocated by manufacturer register by network and stored in equipment identity register.

Networking and Routing

• Network is a group of people sharing information from a server for their respective applications, it contains heterogeneous devices in same server so to manage accurately that there will be no congestion. To do this accurately we use routing, in which move information from a source to destination in networking. It perform two functions one is optimal use of rout and second is the transfer of information packet on network to ease of every device to accesses it. After this we done packet switching and path selection for information sharing.

Types of MM

• IETF assign IP, IPV6 to manage mobility in wireless networks. Mobility management in network can be managed by different protocols of different managements likes:

• Personal: In which person moves between BS.• Node: In which mobile device change its connection points.• Application: In which a device migrate one BS to another BS

during use of application.• Session: In which network session from one network device

to another.• Service: In which available service user use to keep available

in next location where he is moving.

Mobility Management Protocols

• Mobility management can be handled at different layer of open system interconnection (OSI) model. Like network, transport and application layer management.

• Most focus in mobility management is on IPV6 and proxy mobile IPV6 protocol.

• For future research on mobility management in software defined networks and mobility in network function virtualization environment by PMIPV6. It is mostly related to virtual machines.

Network Virtualization

1. Virtualization is fundamental function in network architecture, it get internet and other services of a different architecture on a same physical medium, to offers infrastructure and service providers. Infrastructure manage physical resources while in service create virtual network by combing resources from different architecture from service provider and offer end to end delivery of each service to networks. In which virtual private, programmable and overlay network. VPN connect multiple distributed sites through tunnel over public network. Overlay network is implement on application layer, it use in weak but effective tool to deploy new features. Programmable network enable customize network element based on requirement.

Mobility IPV6 protocol• Mobility support in IPV6 enables transparent routing,

identification and location system of mobile node. Mobile node assign a home address HoA to use at each layer connection.

• MN change its IP layer attachment in network it need a new HoA from foreign agent to maintains a connection. IPv4 support 4 billion hosts with 32 bit while in IPv6 support 128 bit and support up to trillion hosts.

• Mobile IPV6 contain three part: unicast, multicast and anycast. It is an hexadecimal base 16 start from 0---F.

• Every 4 hex separated by a colon “:”and represents 16 bit or 2 byte.

• 3FFE:80F0:0002:0000:0000:0010:0000:0000

Future Work

• In future my focus is on routing of IPv6 and other protocols and mostly how efficiently managed mobility management in “network function virtualization” and “software defined networks.

Any Question ?