MOBILEHOMEPRODUCT

SERVICING

Prep.rod by Membon 01 MDNA Service School '.cully

MDNA Service School Faculty

Associated Specialties Co.

Atwood Vacuum Machine Co.

Bastian Blessing Co.

Bowen Water Heater Division

Coleman Co.

A-P Controls, Controls Company of America

Doyton Tire & Rubber Co.

Dixie Products

Ouo-Therm Division, Motor Wheel Corp.

Electric Paint & Varnish Co.

Florence Stove Co.

Grand Rapids Varnish Co.

Hub Industries

International Oil Burner Co.

Jalousies of Ohio

Kennedy Mfg. Co.

Marsh Wall Products

Mobilehome Equipment Co.

Norge Soles Corp.

Payne Products

Philco Corp.

Silvercote Products

Warner Electric Brakes

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2

Contents

Healing (Coleman Co.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5

Couplers and Jacks (Atwood Vacuum Machine Co.). . . . . . . . . . . .. 7

Gas 'VaLer Heaters (Bowen 'Vater Heater Oi".). . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 9

Anti-Freeze PrOlCClion (.-\.ssociatcd Specialties Co.) 11

Electric Wiring & Grounding (1-1 ub Industries). . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Tire Care and ~Iailllenance (Dayton Tire & Rubber Co.) 15

Gas Stoves (Dixie ProduclS) _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17

Gas Stoyes (Florence StoYC Co.) 19

Healers (Duo-Therm Dil'., I\lolor Wheel Corp.) 21

Roof Repair and i\laintenance (Electric Paint & Varnish Co.) 23

Healing Controls (A-P Controls, Controls Co. of America) 25

HCc1ting (fnternational Oil Rumer Co.) 27

Window Installation and Maintenance Ualousies of Ohio) 29

\<Valll)aneling (Marsh \Vall Products)...................... 31

Plumbinp; and Sanitation (Mobilehorne Equipment Co.) 33

Refrigeration (Norge Sales Corp.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Electric \Vater Ileaters (Payne Products). . . . . . . . . . 37

Laundry Equipment (Philco Corp.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Insulation (Silvercole Products)........................... 41

Electric Brakes ('Varner Electric Brakes). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

ServiceSchools

MOHILEHO:\U. owners throughom the country reap benefits from aschool they nf\'er attend. h's the Dealer Service Training School

spolISorcd b} the \Iobilehomc Dealers National Association.

i\lol"c than 5000 mouilchomc dealers and sen'ice men hne beentrained at the unique school, where they learn in detail the manyfacets of mobilehome maintenance and repair.

A hot water heater that doesn't fUIlClioll properly, a window mech­anism that slicks, an air t:Ondilioner that seems to fun too much andcool lao lillIe-these are simple problems £01' the service school "grad­uates." Each of them has had demonstrated to him the detailed con­struction of the waler heater, the window mechanism, the air condi·liOiler and the many other components of the modern mobilehome..\1ost of these alumni have taken the opporLunity presented at theschool 10 "Iearn by doing," dismalllling and rcassembling various com­poncllts from plumbing installations to wall switches.

The increasingly popular MONA .sen'ice schools are held [our timcsor more each }car in various parLe; of the country. The training sessionsha\'c been held in 35 cities, from Seattle to St. Petersburg.

The business philosophy underlying the MDNA program is simplc:proper servicing means sati!)fied customers, and satisfied customersmean more repeat sales, more referrals of new customers. The mobile­home Owner benefits [rom having competent service personnel avail­able to handle his maintenance or repair problems. The dealer benefitsnot only [rom improved s<tles volume uut, even more directly, fromlower servicing costs, more .service business and fewer complaints.

These dual benellts-to the public and to the industry-were thebasis of a national award to the dealers' association given in 1955 bythe Allleric-dn Trade Association Executi\'es, which selected the servoice school program from among scores of other association programsas "having rendered outstanding service to the industry which it repre·scnts as well as to the American public."

In addition to training dealers to handlc routine maintenanceproblcms, the school indoctrinates its students in the proper make­ready of new mobilebomes prior to delivery of the home to the cus­tomer. This pha!)e of the MDNA training program is called "preven­tive lIlaimcnance," and is supplemented by an elaborate film. Properpreparation of the mobilcholilc for deliver)', MDNA tells its "students,"prcvellls man)' callbacks which are cosdy and annoying to the customcras \\'ell as to the dealer.

One result of thc training program during the seven years thatit has been in operation is a yast improvement in the merchandisingof used mobilehomes. A large number of Illobilehome dealers todayhave complete repair shops in which used units can be rebuilt andrefurbished from hitch to tail light. This development also benefitsboth the public and the industry: the purchaser of a used mobilehoilleobtains a better product, often fully as livable as a brand new home,and at less cost; the purchaser of a new mobilehome finds, through thedealer, a readier market for his tradc·in, and the dealer can offermore auractivc trade-in allowances without fear of being "stuck" witha high invclllory of slow-ta·sell used mobilehomes.

."......_--## "~ ~~

# ' ~

II \

/ 'I '

t 't '. '. '. '•••••••••I

IIIIIII•

Jump your coach sales with Cpleman.comfortAsk any baby kangaroo. After all, he oughtto know the mobile home business. He'lltell you buyers like coaches better whenthey're equipped with Coleman mobilehome furnaces and water heaters.

Why? Because everyone knows and recog­nizes the ColeIllan name. It has appearedon millions of products around the world.It's a nenne that ITleans dependability.

Next, Coleman has the biggest and thebest heater service systeIll in the mobilehome industry.

Aoross the U. S. there are 157 authorized

Coleman servioe stations-staffed by lactory­trained servicemen ready to make quick,economical repairs with factory parts.No other mobile home furnace is backed bythis kind of service orgsnizstion.

How about you? Wsnt to jump ahead tomore IDobile horne sales with Colemanquslity, Coleman service, Coleman's world­wide reputation for dependability? Writeus now.

FREE: Complete list of Coleman author­ized service stations in the U. S. from coastto coast. Write the Coleman Company,Mobile Home Divieon, Dept. 22, Wichita 1.

4

MOBILE HOME DIVISION

The Coleman Company, Inc. / Wichita 1, Kansas

By Coleman Company

E\'~ry )'ear dealen in the Mobile·home industry spend hundreili ofthousands of dollars on ncedless serv·ice calls-calls which could have beeneliminated by either inexpensive pre·vent,Hive service or by bcner educa·tioll of the mobilehome buyer.

Scrvice-preventative service-andthe knowledge of the product whichgoes with it is like mOllcy ill thebank. It even draws interest. I[ ac·cumulatcs cu~tomer satisfaction andpays off in dollars of additional sales.

\Vhat's the secret? No serreL ]uu~oud bu.:,ill~ practices and a mini·IlIUllI of technicdl background.

LeI's lake a look at typical "sen,iceralls" which ha\'e cost dealers mOIiCYin time and travel:

~"r.:,. Cu.:.tomer, calling her dealer(from a town 100 miles away), S:lys:".\Iy new furnace is sooting and fum·ing something tcrriulc, Get out hcreright away and shut it off before itburns the coach down."

:\Ir. Dealer is concerned, worried.M Ili. Customer is in obvioUJi danger.There's nothing to do but leap in thetruck and rush down the highway to!'lIn. Customer's mobilchome-onehundn.'d. long mile<i away.

1\lr. De-,der'.:, thoughts are black. Be­.:,idcs the danger 1\lrs. Customer is in,thcrc's the matter or a whole day lost,lost sales from not being at thc lot­Olnrl think of the moncy lost!

And the horriule part of the whole~ituation, though Mr. Dealer doesn'trealize it, is that thc rUSlOmer isn't ind:mger, thcre is no necessity to lose awhole day, thcre needn't be lost s-'1IC!land the money h~ lost could reallyh,I\'C ~en kept in thc bank. This istrue because there was nothing wrongwith the furnace.

How can a furnace SOOt and fumcanti have nothing wrong with it? Verysimple.

!\frs. Customcr's furnace has JUStbeen lighlcd for the first time. J lreally didn't soot. When it hcatedup, the oil on the comhuslion cham·ber-put there in the manufacturingprocess whcn the furnace was made­simpl)' burned off. Any furnace doesit. ?llr. Dealer knew it as well asanyone. Yet, in the heat of the tele-

Heating

phone convers."ltion with Mrs. CllS­tomer, he o\'erlooked the olwious.

Ilow coHlrl he havc prc\cnted it?That'~ easy. H he had lighted andt.hecked the furnace while the coachwas still on his lot, Mrs. Cuslomcrwould never h:wl;: callcd. Just a simplething, but a Sillarl, cost-eliminatingbusiness practice.

Think that one "~rvice call" dOC!lll'tprove anything? '\'ell, read thesc"scn'icc colll]>lainlS." .\11 of thcmactually happened. In each case, asen'ice call was made. Could youha\'e solved these problems ovcr thcphone and eliminate<1 the expensc of;l service call?

Complailll: My &as furnace keellSgoing oul. Even when it does run, itwon't put out cnough heat.

The dealer found the customer wasusin~ an I.P gas furnacc on naturalgas. If the dealer had asked the ellS·tamer to check the nameplatc on thefurnace for the type oC g-dS to bc u~ed,

he could hinc brought along a com,cr·sion kit to com-Crt the gas furnace tonatural gas.

Complaint: Sometimes m)' oil fur­nace puts out plcnt}· of heat. At othertimes, it JUSt won't IJtlt out enoughheat though the outside tcmperaturercmains the s.:lme. The furnace alsogoes out every now and then.

The old storagc tank wa~ 100 low,When the tank wa~ full, ~ulliciclll oilwould flow to thc fUnlace. As the oilwas used up, and the oil level in thestorage tank dropped, the Row of oilto the furnace \,'a~ reduced till finallythe pilot WCnt out. The bottom of theoil storage tank should be at least6"-preferabl)' 18"-above thc oille,'elin the fud control valve on the fur·nace.

Complaint: I live in a mohilehomelocated in the Illounwins. My furnacekeeps sooting. Jt certainly must be adefective furnace,

The furnace was located in a highOlhitude area, where therc was notenough oxygell in the air to operatethc furnace at maximum output. Thcfurnace was equipped with a draftbooster having an adjustable air de·

li\'cI)'. When the booster was adjustedfor high altitude operation, the fur·nace operated properly. If a furnace;is not Cfluippcd with a booster, andnOllC is aV:lilable as an accesSOI'y, itwould be necessary to opcrate thefurnace at a reduced output or eXlelldthe flue above thc coach in order toincreasc the draft.

Compbill1: I Co"lO'1 gCt enough healout of my oil furnace. I can turn Ihethcnn&.tat clear o."er to 90 degTeoand it still docs-n't make an)' differ­ence.

The dealer should have asked aboutthe setting of thc fud colltrol vahe.Knowing the setting on the fuel con·trol \'ah'e determint."S thc output ofthe furnacc, not setting the walllhermostat. Proper setting Gill be de­termined over the phone.

C..omplaint: When 1 first startedusing: it, my furnace worked fine. Nowit will go to high fire, run a littlewhile, then go back to low fire for a....hile. It ne\'er runs long enough toreally ~et the coach wann.

In this Clse, the blowcr neede<1cleaning. (If Ihc furnace had beenequipped with a filtcr, both the filterand the blower would probahly haveneeded clcaning.) Whenevcr air bcingbrought bark into the furnace be·('omes restricted, it will cause the fur·nace to limit, reverting from highfire to low firc. \Vhcn thc furnacecools off, it will go back to high fire,then the process will repeat itself.

Complaint: i\[y oil (urnace scentSto act up every now and then, usuallyin the evenings, while I'm watchingtelevision. The coach will he warm,and then, after a while, it will ~et

cold. ,Yhen I look at the furnace,it's on low U:une. Turning up the wallthermostat docs-n't seem to m:lke anydifferencc.

Always ask for the location of thethermost<lt. ft ~o happened that theTV was put in a location where thewall thermostat was immediatelyilbove it. When the TV set was onfor any len~th of time, heat from Ihcsct caused the thermostat to overheat,shutting the furnace down 10 low fir~.

5

97

:178-379

720

4.0-. _101

6.5

801

•

Atwood, the mark of quality in the Mobile Home IndustryThe name that has become the mark of qualit), in the Mobile Home Industry is Atwood ... a name recognized assymbolizing a standard, known for excellent performance and dependability.

Atwood ... a pioneer organization in the development and manufacture of trailer equipment of the highest quality... the Atwood stamp on any mobile home equipment is your 3S5uraOl;C of CUliwmer satisfaction.

Look {or the name Atwood before you buy to insure years of use and service nller }'OU buy.

No. 801 l)isap~aring Sll~p.

Mounted in s1idu undu,railer body. Pulls OtIC anddown intn position. Trud canbe embossffi with the manu,facturer's name, if desired.

No. 914. 911, 922 Couplers.No. 914 for Jingle longue,.No. 922 ...·eldffl and No. 921boiled models for "V" frames:all fur )000 10 10,000 poundloads.

!".·u. 625 Heavy DUly Jack.\'lill handle 10 .....ides. IWOolIory mubile homes, andlooger, heavier fronl-endmodels. Larger OUIU housinglube, adjustable ex lens ionhandle. luger diameter bear·ings.

Nos. 711 Ihru 710 SlandardCouplen 10 til a ",ide \<lriell'of frames for bohed and...·clded inslallalioos. Seecoupler lilenlure.

hanole Nu. 625 lluger OUlerhousing tube.

No. 204·206 Jack FOOl. UsedIII replace ('UletS. S.. i"ellill·inJt bas.- leSled .II O\'U 3,000Ibs. pressure. No. 204 filS 420Jack - No. 2o<i fin 625 Jade,

No. 420 Jark. Shown on No.no and No. 922 Couplers.xre.... I) J>l' leles-coping slee\c.. ilh aHached collapsiblehaodle pru\'ides a 15 inch lift.

No. 97 Dual·Ball To .. ingUnie. Can be l .. ilChed fromonc ball sizc 10 Ihe nther in}O sewods '0 accommodalc\·adous Si7,CS and ....eighls ofmobile homes.

NOI. 378-379 StabilizingJadu. Used 10frevent tillinl;and I'nl'ing 0 mobile homebod)' ... hcn parked. A\'ailablein ''''0 lengths. Held up in.Iips for Ira\'elinJ:,

No. 9.w underframe Coupler... ith 00 or 4}OF Jad", formobile homes ...·ith smallerdiameter lirn. Specify 630 or630F Jack ith 930 Couplerfor Ulra he }' dul}' UK.

No. 915 Heny l.>uly Coupler.To he used in (ombinaliun...·ilh ne .... No. 625 Iha\)'DUly jack. Welded model.Has larJter bole required 10

N... 101 Jack BUC' '" \X'hce{Cholk. Providel firm andbroad fOQI for jack caster.. hen parked. Can he used 10block ... hcoel on grade, or as('U jack blU~.

No. 420-2 Horizonl:d BearingCasler. Very compact in de­siftn. turns $IDOOlhly; reducescoupler·to ground dearance.An idf.':1l1 unit for US<" un No420 Jack.

ATWOOD VACUUM MACHINE CO. 1400 EDDY AVE.

ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS

6

Couplers and Jacks

By Atwood Vacuum Machine Co.

The coupler has a trcmClll.lOll!i re­sponsibility. It is the vital link be­tween twO heavy la;lds and has stressesforward, backward. up and dowll.This unit is continually working allthe lime a mobilehome owner i:.traveling.

Be SUTe that standard pafts ilrcu:.C1.I-that the make of ball goes wilhthe coupler to insure prOller fit. Re­member this point above everythingel~e. Do nOt make the mistake ofthinking any make of b;lil call heused.

Check coupler parts frequent­ly for wear and keep well lubricatedwith grease to prevent any dry pansCrom culting and ....'caring loose pre-

maturely. Light tongue mobilehollles,ullder 300 1bs.• often gel an upthrustand chucking causing excessive wear;lnd friction. This lype mlln bechecked oftener for locking lever partsand ball wear.

.\Iake sure the coupler socket is allthe wayan and a reasonably snug fiL011 Lhe hall before traveling, and alsomak.e sure thllLLhe locking lever partsarc in place for safe towing perform­ance.

Please remember Lhat as :1 safelYfealure most lIIobilehome couplers aremanufactured so thal lhe ball can bcforced Out of the socket when thcmohilehome is on the way ovcr, solhat the car and human ocrupants

NOT ES

will not be pulh:d over wilh it.If a mobilehome or travel lrailer

has been in a collision, jack-knifed orditched, twisting and forcing the hallOUI of Ihe socket, the locking le,-eraSS<'Dlbl)' mrnt be replaced_ The wholecoul)ler must be replaced LO i!l)ures.1.fe towing if the socket has beendistorted which makes it unsafe forfunhcr use even with replacementparu_

Greal care must be exercised llythe indu)try to be sure the riglll si7eand make of hall is used with thecoupler installed 011 the mobilehomes.The greal difference in size and designis easy 10 sec. Please watch lhis.

7

]

56 lb•.

Nel Ship",...

50 lb•.

. . .... , ...

, 0 WI ..

H

o.Inpool

15 gel.per hr."

G.llofts

WATERHEATERS

The original and still the standardof the industry. Economical,easily installed. Provides up to350 gallons of HOT water everyday. Electrically ignited~no con­tinuous burning pilot. Patentedoutside venting. Fumes can neverget into the home.

BOWEN GASMODEL P·ll2

SMCE REQUIRED FOR MODEl '-112

- TWO NEW MODELS -tighl 'I once - forgel ,boul ifll! The imprO'oled ,hermOl'a'ie OOfllrolma,ntains .he lemperalure you choose, and yea,,-ehead engineeringenure, you ,he utmof! in economy end efficiency. AU THE HOTWATER YOU WANT - quickly, - cleanly. - end" Ihe lowntponibl" cost. Th, unique "cono-pilot require. lighting only if thegas supply is "xheu1ted. From then on il i. completely ~ulom~lic,

ebsolult!ly bil·ufe. end free of fume. or odo•.

Th"s" Two mod,l. embody ,II th" fln" conltruction f".lure, lhllmede Our P·112. ele"fically ignited unil, 10 very populer. Heavygaug" c1.d·lined .Iuminum Tank, fully Ilncas"d in Iwo inchlll ofFiberglas, end Sclllnllflc~lly b.ffilld 10 prev"nT lurbulence.

MODEL G·1IO MODEL G-117• G-110

Ideal for travel trailers. Small. com·pact, efficient. 10 gallon storage ca­pacity.

G·ll7 •

Designed for under-the-sink installa·tion in mobile homes. Only 22'12"high. 17 gallon storage capacity. Fastrecovery.

BOWEN {;Ieetric THE MOST ECONOMICAL WATER HEATER

45Ib,.33Ib,.30Ib,.25Ib,.21 lb•.

App"x. W.i,ktNet Skipp....

40 lb•.27 lb•.24Ib,.19 lb•.17Ib,.

40 lb.. 451bl.

MODEL A·182

201h" 22 1h"IS" 201h"\S" 171h"15" 17"15" 15"

w.~

"00"00"0010001000

111).220'110-220'110·220'110-220·110-220'

....­(A.C. Onl,)

"""•,SPECIAL DOUBLE ELEMENT fAST HEAT

A-IS2 18 111).220' 1()(1(). 2O'h" 22'h"2000

The ,randa.d in ,h", mobile '-"'e indulI,y for quality end low CO,I operalion.Priced low beau... of men prod\K1ion 'edlniqu.... rn<>de,n conveyor 'yo'ems .nd.pec'el mechine<y.

Each &owen iI individually wll.' In,ed under "xl'...... pn!lIur., your aUUf'anee of long Me end complele Mlilf",l>cn

Fibergl.. insulalion blenkeb enl"e inn~, lank. M,nimum ,h·dr.....u, 2". Fire­prQOf, odorr.... Unexcellftl he., rel.ining economy.

Bowen W.'e' HUI"" er. "lily and quickly ;n.lll1ed wirh no special fittings'"qu,red.Model Galle...

ND. C...ity

A·ISA-12A_l0..'"'0

BOWEN WATER HEATER DIVISION, HANDLING EQUIPMENT MANUfACTURING CO., WIXOM, MICHIGAN

8

Gas WaterBy Bowen Water Heater Division

Heaters

Question: The gas water heater inmy mobile home is about eighteenmonths old, and it now fails to lightoccasionally. 'Vhat could cause this?

This could be caused by anyone offour things, or a combination ofthem:

I. Pressure regulator out of adjust­ment. Have service Ulall check reRu­lator with a reliable gauge, and setit for proper pressure.

2. Dirty, or obstructed orifices. Re­move orifices, and dean with a woodentoothpick. Never use anything madeof metal for this purpose.

3. Plugged pilot burner. Look forcocoons, spider nests, etc.

1. Weak ignitor coil. If coil glows,but pilot does not lig-Ill, repbce coil.

Question: My waleI' heater seemsto operate all right during the da)'­light hours, but it SlOpS at night andthere is no hot water in the morning.Why?

Your gas pressure is undoubtedlylow, and the regulator at the gas bot­tles should be adjusted. If this is so,and your water heater attempts tolight while you are using the rangeto get your evening meal, and the gasspace heater is on, you will rob thewater heater of its fuel supply and itwill go out on ·'warp." See the insidecover of the service manual for anexplanation of this, and have theregulator adjusted.

Question: The unit in the mobile·home is about 18 months old. Whydoes it fail to light occasionally?

This could be caused by Olle of fourthings or a combination of them. I.Pressure regula LOr out of adjustment.Check regulator with a reliable gaugeand set it for proper pressure. 2.Dirty or obstructed orifices. Removeorifices and clean with a woodentoothpick. Never use anything madeof metal for this purpose. 3. Pluggedpilot burner. Look for cocoons, spillernests etc. 4. \Veak ignitor coil. 1£ coilglows but pilot does not lig-ht, replacecoil.

Question: The water heater seemslO operate properly during daylighthours. 'Vhy does it stop at night sothere is no hot water in the morning?

Undoubtedly the gas pressure islow and the regulator at the gas bot·LIes should be adjusted. If this istrue, the water heater attempts tolight while the cooking range is in usefor preparation of the evening mealallli the space heater is on. This robsthe water heater of its fuel supply andit will go out on "warp."

Question: 'Vhy does the wall of amobilclwme with a 'through-the.wall'gitS water heater get black around theheater vent?

This is not normal. Smoke and sootalways are the result of incompletecomhmtion which is caused by all UIl­

balanced mixture of fuel and oxyg-ell.Remedy this by adjusting the pressureregulator to the proper setting andthen adjusting the air shutters on themain burner to give a clean, blueHarne. It is never necessary to toleratea smoky, smelly, gas water heater.

Question: A customer asks, "'Vhydoes my gas water heater use so muchfuel? My gas bill is averaging aboutsix dollars a month, and there areonly three adults li"ing in our mohile­home."

\Vhat standard does the customerlise for his fuel consumption? 1£ hemakes a comparison with his nextdoor neighhor, maybe the customer'sfamily is a little cleaner than theyare-HIking morc baths, washing moreclothes, and, aCLUally using more hotwater. If the customer's water heaterhas a continuously burning pilotflame, he will use more fuel than ifhe had thc elecu'ically ignited type.With this latter type of unit, he willheat water for considerahly less costthan with any other heating medium.If his gas pressure is correct, and theheater is operating satisfactorily other­wise, a very thorough leak-test shouldbe made of the entire g"<lS system. Ina large percentage of cases where ex­cessive fuel comuillption is suspected,

there has been at least one leak.Usually a loose fitting.

Question: A series of clicking, orchattering occurs when heater at·tempts to light. Sometimes it willlight, and the noise will SlOp, butsometimes it doesn't light at all andthc switch must be turned off to re­cycle the heater. Why?

Two causes that will produce thiseffect. 1. 1£ the gas pressure is low,the pilot flame wilillot be hot cnoughto heat the capillary to the pointwhere it will snap the switch in andgive positive action to the main burn­er solenoid. 2. A partially plug-gedorifice 01' pilot burner will also keepthe capillary from heating to the"snap-in" point.

Que~tion; If a mobilehome is inade­quately wired. particularly the lead·incable, how would a voltage drop aHectthe e1ectrically.ignited ga.~ waterheater?

If voltage should drop as much astCll percent (not unusual in such situ·ations), the water heater just wouldn'twork. There would not be enoughvoltage to open the pilot valve, norenough to cause the ignitor to g-et hotenough to light the gas if the pilotvalve should happen to open.

SU\Ii\lARYln summing up these problems and

their solutions, it is very evidelll thatbefore it is decided that the troubleis in the water heater itself, the serviceman rlrst should check the followingitems:

I. The setting of the pressure regu­lator.

2. The size of the g,tS lines feedingthe appliances.

3. The eltttrical supply coming ill­to the mobilehome (if the heater haselectrical ignition).

4. The conditions under which theheater is being- used.

The service man should always keepin mind that the water-heater manu­htcturer is more than willing- to assisthim il" he should run into a problemto which he does not have the answer.

9

ASSOCIATED SPECIALTIES

"Pioneers in Anti-freeze Pipe Protection"

COMPANYSPECIALTIES

.•..............................•........ ." .,...-----...,.,.~..:.~::._--- ....

•••••• WRAp·ON THERMOSTATS ate trouble-free and depend..••••••••• allie on all makes of heating cables and tapes. Automatic •••• pilot light shows at a glance when current is being used - ••

: no guessing. Precision construction provides close temper- ~• ature control. Thermostats are factory adjusted to turn on :.... current below 35" F. and turn it off above 40' F. Positive ••'••••• year 'round protection is assured in case of a sudden tem- •••

•• perature drop. ••••.... ~.'. ............... . ...................................

ASSOCIATED

. .,-------...,.,. ..:.,.:.:.:.~._._- .~ ~"

•••• NO-SWEAT, NO·FREEZE FIBERGtASS INSULATION ..• ....••' increases efficiency, reduces electricity requirements on all •••

••• electrical pipe.heating installations. Properly insulated pipes •••l require only 1/3 as much current for equal sub-zero protee- ..: tion. Fiberglass insulation is sealed on the pipes by a special :.. Vapor Seal Tape which provides a clean, dry OUier surface. :

'.. No-Sweat, No·Freeze is non-combustible and verminproof. ••••••• Each package contains sufficient insulation and tape to cover •••

•••• 20 feel of 'h inch pipe. •••••'.. ............. . .••••••• a ••• a •••• ~ ••••••

.............................................. ._-_..,.,.,.......0:,...------.... ...... .'.•' EASY·HEAT AUTOMATIC HEAT BANDS arc safe, simple, ••

••••• ea>y to install for winter-long aufomalic pipe protection. •••••

: Built-in lhermostat operates only when surface temperatures ~

• approach freezing. Thermostat and connections arc her- •~ metically scaled, durably built for extra-long service life. :• Completely moisture-proof vinyl construction holds properly- ••-..... spaced heater wire in separate channels. Will not cause radio •••

.... or TV Interference. Available III lengths from 3 to 24 feel. ••••'" ..'. ..,.....". . ...........•.................~ .

",\lakino Winter ,\lobi/ehome Living More Comforlclb/e Since 1947"24555 West Eight Mile Road Detroit 19, Michig,n

Telephone: KEnwood 5-6211

••••••••a •••• ············~••••••••••••..... OW.... . .:;.;.,.,."'.....,.. _... -.•••• WRAP-QN TAPE positively eliminates waler pipe and waste ".

•••• line freeze-ups even at extremely low temperature ranges. ••••••••0" Easy to install. WRAP-ON's adhesive backing assures you

.: that il will stay put. Flat surface, molded construction pro- ~: vides highest heating efficiency. WRAP-ON's genuine Gwn :". insulation is the best available - weatherproof, vermin-proof ..."-00 and imperviolls to grease and oils. Availahle in lengths from ."

-.. 3 to 100 feel 10 meet all anti-freeze pipe protcl;lion rc:- .....••••• quirements. ••••". .............. .........................................

10

Anti-Freeze

By Associated Specialties Co.

Protection

Qucstion: In order to protect mywater pipes from freezing. is it neces­sary for me lO llpiral-wTaJl m}' ami­freeze tar.e, or is laying it along thepi)JC sufficient?

The answer depends on the climateill which you live. Both methods areu:.cd with success. Ilowever, whentcmpcr:lIures are expt.."Clcd LO ue belowfero, it is a good precaution to spiral­.... rap. Spiral-wrapping the pipe withsl)'1cing of about 2 incheo; or appcoxi­m:ltely fi lUrns per fool and [.hencovering the pipe and tape with in­sulation will gi\'e ami-freeJ.e pipe pro­tectioll to .500 F.

Question: Can] eUl my allli-freezelape to shonen it if it is too long?

Nc\'cr alter any make of heatinglape. Each antj.[rccze l:lpe has aspecific elcClrical r.tting. and must notl>c ahered by shunening or lengthen.ing it in any way. If it is made shorter,it will overhe"t; if it is made lunger.it will not gh'c off ~uthcient heat toprotect the watcr line.

If lOur tape i~ a liule tOO long, )'Oll

t:<tn let it hang- free in your tile or buryit ill the ground, Of coune, you mightspir,l1·wrap a little closer 10 use lipthe exccss tape, heing careful [0 main·tain a spacing of at leaH 2 inches be­tween '\Tdlh, The tape must nottouch, cross itsdL or o\erlap in anyway because if it does, the unit mayo\'erheat and burn out.

Question: 'Vila I advantage is therein using a thcnnostat in connectionwilh my anti·freeze tape?

A thermostat more than pays foritself in current ~wed during a willler.It automatically turns on the heatingtape when the temper.ilure dropssulhciently to make anti-free'le protec­lioIlUecess.."l'1. and amomaticaJl} turnsit off ag-din when the teml>eraturerises.

If you were pluggillg the tape inand out by hand. you would often

turn it on when you thought thereW3,:; a possihility, of cold ",'eather andthm be running it when you actuallyhad 110 need of it. Also, y'ou wouldhave to leave it plugged in whcn youwere going to be away for awhile,The tendency would be 10 leave itplugged in rather than run the chanceof furgelling it and having your pipefreCLe.

Question: \Vhcn is the best time toinstall anti-freeze tape 011 water pipes?

It is pos.'>ible to install heiting tapeat any time. I (owe'·er. the bcst timeis in the late summer or early fall.when the weather is pleasant. Mostpoor install<ltions are made when theheating unit is instalkd in cold, wetweather. No aile can do his best workwhile lying on his back under a mo­bilehome in freezing or wet wCilther.

Every'one in the mobilehome indus­try should cllt:ourage all users to havehcating tapes installed.

Question: 1 have an unusually longpipe to protect. CouLd 1 purchaseIwO tapes and connect them into onelen~th in order to protect my pipe?

1"\0, tapes cannot be connecled endto end. \Vhen more than one tapeis used. each aile must he connectedindependently to the outlet. How­ever, tapes are available in variouslengths up to 100 feet. It .....ould bebcst to purchase a tape of sulTiciemlength 10 gh'e you adequate anti-freezepipe protcction,

Question: Is it necess,ary for me touse insulation over my heating tape?

Because the wauage of the tape islow (only 5 walts per foot). it docsnot sene as a heater of the waler.but merely maintains above·freezingteml>eratures,

If the installation is left exposed.the heat generated is quickly dissi·pated by contact with the outer air,and if the air temperature should

drop sharply, it is possible that theheal produced by the tape might notbe sulTieielll to maintain the tempera­ture in the pipe, and the result wouldbe freezing of the water.

I f the installation is protected bywrapping an insulating materialaround it, ho\\·ever. the heat generatedby the tape is trappro against thepillC and will maintain its tempera­ture and thus make your installationmore efficient. Even for mobilehomesin a moderate temperature lone.where there is sufficient cold weatherto necessitate protection for waterpipes, there always is the possibilityof a sudden cold snap,

So adding insulation to anti-free7.e­lape imtallation saves worry ami anypossibility of trouble with water pipes.

Question: A heating tape was in­stalled on a water pipe last fall ex­tending from the ground to the floorof a mobile home, and uill the waterfroze. Why?

It is possihle that the protectionwasn't extended far enough, Therearc two places where freezing is mostlikely to occur. One is in the groundwhen the protcction is not extendedto the frost line. This line. of course,varies depending on the climate. ]nsome areas it extends as far as 42inches into the ground. The heatingtape must extend below the KToundlevel to the frost line.

Trouble may also occur in caseswhere the heating tape is not ex­temled up through the floor into themobilehome. Protection should ex­tend about six inches above the floor.

Question: Should a healing tapebe Illaced on the drain pillCS as 'Wellas tbe water pilleS?

Yes. A heating tape \I.·ill preventheeling in the drain pipes. It is alsorecommended that a heating tape beused on oil lines to facilitate the flowo( oil.

II

•

•

LOWEST COST in purchasingp;;ce and installation time!

~ore features ...J LOWEST COST ••• yoofS and years of actual use• prove lowest cost.

2 "BILT-IN" GROUND ••• the only one piece elec-• tricol power wpply assembled .....ith (I "bilt·in" ground

-automatically grounds every melol port of the mo­bile home. making the mobile home completely freefrom dangerous shorts.

3 ALL·APPROVED •••• (0) Cable and all connectors approved by the Ca­

nadian Standards Association for 50 ompere mobilehome service.(b) All mote Clnd female connectors U/L Approved.(c) Approved for Colifornia use for 50 om~ servoice by the Slote ~ Colilornio Divis;on 2f Housing.(dl Furnished os standord equipment on GoldSeol Mabilehomes now being produced by mem- ~'.IIrfben of the Mobilehome Craftsmen's Guild. ...

Distribl,lted by:

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES:• Insulotion of conduclort in ouler

jacket especially processed to beozone resislant (10 times moreresistant than lower.priced type"S" cable).

• "Bilt·in" ground.• Polarized.• Water-tile.• Approved for rupturing current.• Unhreokoble connedon.

Write for prices and Cliscounts.Send $1.00 for p..copy 01 the38 pCIge booklet on "TheA g C's of Electrical Supplyand Demond for Mobile HomeCourn".

12

HUB INDUSTRIES, INC.54'0 N. Damen Avenl,le • Chicago 25, lIIinai,

LODESTAR CORP.2625 S. Yates Av.nue • Los Ang.les, California

Electric WiringBy Hub Industries

and Grounding

Question: Is there any way lO tellwhuher a mobilehome is wired safelyand adequately?

Yes, there is. Quite:l number ofmobilehomc Illallufacturcrs have beenselling: mobilehomes in the provincesof Canada..For that reason some threeyears ago the Approvals Division ofthe Canadian Standards Associ<ltionwrote up a set of electrical standards'Inc! offered inspection and label serv­ice to the mobilehome manufacturerswho desired such service. These elec­trical standards were quite stringentso thH if you find a CSA Approvallabel to the right of the front door ofthe mobilehome ill question, you Gill

be assured that it is wired properly_In view of this, I have been told thatquite a number of dealers who wantedto be cerwin of the wiring jobs in themobileholIles they were purchasing,ordered their mobilehomes from themanufacturer with the CSA Approvallabel affixed to it. Please understand,however, that the lac.k of this labeldocs not indicate that the mobilehomeis improperly wired, because as I havesaid, only those mobilehome manu­facturers who are shipping into Can­ada have found it necessary to spendthe money for this label service. Asyou no doubt know, the State of Cali­fornia Division of Housing has alsostarted inspecting mobileholIles andtheir standards are also quite rigid,and you can also look for the State ofCalifornia label on the mobilehome.If neither of these labels are found onthe mobilehome, then I would suggestyou g-ive consideration to the reputa­tion ;md integ-rity of the manufacturerwith whom you are dealing.

Qucstion: Do I understand this cor­rectly, that if the mobilehome has atag- or label on it indicating that it iseither appro\'ed by the State of Cali­fornia Division of Housing- or by theApprovals Division of the CanadianStandards Association that I can beassured that it is wirc...od properly?

Yes, that is exactly what I meant.You see, the standards being used byboth of these organizations are quitestringent, and the mobilehome con·

forming to such standards, you can beassured, is of excellent quality.

Question: "'bal would you say arethe most important safety features oCthese newly developed electrical stand­ards?

J think that basically the three mostimportant features of these standardsare: number one, a factory engineeredand installed "power supply assem­bly"; number two, the requirementthat all of the metallic parts of themobilehome, both electrical and non­electrical, be grounded; number three,the complete electrical wiring jobmust be done in an approved mannerand with approved materials.

Question: Could you give us an ex·planation to further clarify the threepoints which you just mentioned. Forexample. let's start out with the num­ber one poi.nt, "power supply as.~em­

bly".

POWER SUPPLY ASSEMBLYAll rig-ht, let's divide the power

~upply assembly discussion into twodifferent parts. Number one, the defi­nition; and number two, a sug-gestedstandard for its specification. }'irst ofall, let's take number one, the defini­tion. Here is what is generally con·sider&l to be a fairly well accepteddermition of the term, "power supplyassembly":

I. "Power Supply Assembly" meansthe conductors, including the ground"ing conductors, insulated [rom oneanother, the connectors, motor bases,attachment plug caps, and all otherfittings, grommets, or devices installedfor the purpose of delivering energyfrom the trailer park space or sitesupply system to the buses of the servoice equipment within the mobile­home."

2. The main power supply assem­bLy sh,lIl be factory-installed, the cableshall be a minimum of 25 feet inlength, of a Type S or SO, or equiva­lent, and the service conductors notless than three #8 conductors and one#10 ground wire. 10 no case shall thereceptacles, connectors, and attach­ment plug caps be rated at less than50 amperes. A second, or auxiliary

power supply assembly, shall be fac­tory-installed where a separately me­tered appliance is installed in the mo­bilehome, or if the demand load ofthe mobilehome exceeds 50 amperes.The receptacles, connectors, and at­tachment plug caps installed on theauxiliary power supply assembly, aswell as the rated c.apacity of thesupply conductors, shall be sufficientto [afTy the load based on a 100':70demand fanor. The main power sup­ply assembly shall be attached or enterthe lIlobilehome in the exterior wallor 11001' in the rear third section ofthe mobilehome on the left or roadside. The second or auxiliary powersupply assembly, when required, shallbe located within twelve iuchcs of themain power supply assembly and shallbe properly labelled as to its purpose,such as, water heater or electric spaceheating, elc., and the rating o[ thecircuit it is supplying shan aIso showon this label.

Qucstion: 1t seems to me it is abouttime the manufacturers standardizedon the power supply assembly, bothfrOIll the standpoint of the construc­tion specifications but also the thelocation and length or the positioning­on the mobilehome. Is it your opinionthat this 25 Coot length located on therear left third of the mobilehome willhelp the park operators now in layingout their park?

From what I have seen in the lastfew years of a great number of mobile­home park desig-ns, it seems apparentthat it is considered good practice to­day for the feeder terminal uponwhich the electrical park receptacle isinstalled to be located on the parksite at the rear left side of the mobile­home. 'Ve have found in our experi­ence that if all IIlobilehomes had this25 foot power supply assembly locatedon the rear left third of the mobile­home, it is quite simple for the parkdesig-ner to compute the precise spoton the park site to locate this recep·tacle, su that regardless of the lengthor the mobilehome or where the own­er wants to spot it on the site, the 25[oat power supply assembly will reachthe receptacle.

13

New Dayton 14.5/1

ALL-NYLON Low Boy

is Super Safe Even at

Sustained High Speeds

10" U.5" All·NytH u· '-"11L.. Bay Tllbtltss Low \loy Tllblless Md T'" Type

Thcrcbred~

Tires

Comparative Helghh Of The CompleteLine Of Dayton Mobile Home Tires

Dayton olTen tires of three differentheights to fit evory type of coach design.

......aytcn

Dayton's ALL-NYLON construction provides longer tire lifeon all kinds of roads and takes the heaviest, longest, widestcoaches along turnpikes at sustained high speeds withoutdanger of tire failure.

To absorb the severe strains of modern turnpike drivingrequires maximum tire strength and toughness. Only NYLON-strongest cord ever used in tires-provides the extra marginof safety that 'virtually eliminates tire failures-blowouta­resulting from impact, flex, heat and moisture-weakened tirebodies.

Dayton's exclusive method of electronically processing tirecord utilizes NYLON'S inherent qualities to the fullest extent. . . actually increases natural strength and toughness to apoint never bef~re thought possible, for greater protectionagainst impact damage and bruise blowouts.

All new, ALL-NYLON 14.5· Low Boy tubeless tires providegreatest impact resistance ever! What a safety feature-what asales feature!

14

Tire Care and Maintenance

By Dayton Tire & Rubber Co.

Question: How offen should airprCbures be checked?

Check air pressurb weekly andmake sure air pressure is checked be­fOl e and during all)' o"er - Lhe - roadhauling.

Queuion: 'Vhy should air pressuresbe c..hed.ctl?

For the tire to do iu job efficiently,there :.re exact air preSSufe-i required.

Question: \Vhal authority [or airpressures should be uS(.'ti?

The manu!acUlI"cr'S rim and datachal'u.

Question: \Vhat arc the dan~crs ofo\'cr·inOation?

I-lard ride; less nead contact wilhpavement; unusual and unwantedsiress amlltuain on tire; less resistance10 impact break, and less traction.

Question: \Vhat arc the dangcn ofunder·juRation?

More flc.xing generates cxcessi,'Cheat; tire is distorted; and very rapidtread wear.

Question: Why ~hould tires bechttked when cool?

Air pressure~ can be more accurate·ly determined when tires are cool.Jlot tires or tires that have been runan} distance anuall) h:ne gained airby tcmperotture illrea5e. 'lIIl1. of course,when t.hey cool, the tempera lUre de­cre".5eS and the pressure lowers.

Qucstion: ls the.re a way to pililltor preserve ruhher to help I'rel'entcheckinl{ lind cracking?

As tires grow older, it is a normalthirlK for them to show tiny cracksor checl.~. This i, caused by chemicalsin the air, itM:lf. Sometimes an ami­o,inant paim will help to retard thischecking. 'Vhen tires have not beenin use for extended periods of time.it is wise to have them impected todctcnllinc their safety for tral'el.

Question: In parking for any lengthof lime, how should tires be cared for?

Jack up mobilchome, remove tires

NOT ES

and, if p()s~ilJlc, store in dry, cool,doH\.;: area. Before removal of lifL"S,

check local re~ulatiolls and ~tate laws.If fillanced, check with the finance(ompall~.

Question: \Vh:11 kind of guaranleesdo mobilchome tires b.n·e?

The lifelime WarrotDl} on maleri.lland workmamllip.

Qucstion: Arc original equil)mellttires of sufficiem alJl"citie~ 10 cowrynormal co:u;h loads?

Yes, in most Crlses. However. ton·~uh your daHl chijrts and m;rke sureyour contemplated gToSS loads arc notin exce...~ of actllal tire carrying capa·cities. When tr:l\cling, equal distri·bution of gross load is important togetting good tire service.

Question: Why arc moderate speedsso l'ita} 10 tire life?

,\(ooerate speeds will k.eep tire heatdown; eliminate usual strains :tnd de·mands on the tir~, ilnd, all in all,will extend lire lire :lnd performance.

o en•

Dixie opens the door to modern ...convenient cooking in mobile homes.

Barbecue rain or shine. , . in June or Januarywith Dixie's Oven Rotisserie. You may add anautomatic rotisserie to any Dixie range-built­

in or free-standing.

Add more usable kitchen space 10 your ... the gas Foldaway. Folds down for cook·mobile home with DIJl:ie's Triumph in Space ing space. Folds up for counter space.

SEE THE FOLDAWAY & DIXIE ROTISSERIE AT THE TeA & MHMA SHOWS

30' Di.lemastar

16

DIXIE PRODUCTS, INC., CLEVELAND, TENN.Onty OI.le develops the new••t ideas In cooking convenienceto meet the unique requirements of modern mobile homes.

Gas

By Dixie Products and Florence Stove Co.

Stoves

Question: Should .he gas range headjusted on the dealer's 101 or afU.Tdcli,'cry is made to the customer?

I t is much ea~icr, lcs.s tillle CollSUlIl­

illg ilnd eliminates driving ~cvcr;d

miles, to make the adjustments on lhedealers sales lot before delivery orthe mobilchomc. There Illay Ill: ~OIlH':

millor aujustlnents on lhe air mixtureafter delivery i~ made 10 the customer.

Question: What is the hesl ))1'0­

ct."tIure 10 followi in lldjusting a gasrange so as nOt to on~rlook any ,)anof the operation?

A ~ood rule to remember is tostan .....ith the backguard, uppennOSlpan of the r.lIIge, amI follow rightdown 10 the base of the unit, makingeach adjustment in order, such asclock and timer, then lOp hurners,o\'('n llUfner, etc.

Qucstion: Explain Lhe dock andtimer 0llCrating instructions.

~Iost or them are comuination elec­tric clock and timers. '1 he two workindepelldenlly of each other. Theclock opcrates like any ordin:lry elec·tric doclc The timer signab the endof the cooking period.

The clock dial is always the outerdial and the imide dial is for thetimer-please do not get the twO con·fused. To set the clock, turn dockknob in a c1ockwi~ direction untilclock hands ale the proper hour. Toset the timer, pull the knob outwardand tunt lomall pointer hand ill aclockwise direction to the nllllll>cr ofminutes desired. The buaer willsound at the end of the timing period.To SlOp the bUZler, push straight inon the timer knoh.

Qestion: Is the electrical wiring oneach range the same?

No. 1\11 ranges have an electricalwiring diagram, usually located 011the back of each range.

Question: 'Vhat t)1>C of bulbs areUSl.-d for backguard lighting?

The hulbs ,lfe of the t}pe whichilia)' be purcha~ed 10l.:ally ami 110 notn:::\.juire heing ordered direc.:t fromrange lIlanuf<lcturers.

Question: How high schould thetOp pilot Harne be?

On the lroingle--eemer type pilot theHame ~hould lIot extend above the topof the c.:une. all the Thrifli-Kool pi­lot. where each hurner has it~ ownindi\'idual lighter, the pilot Hamesshould be l/s illc.:h in diameter. ]f

the pilot is set too hi/i;h it will causelIOOt foonations on the bottom of thedrip tray.

Question: How do }·ou know when}OU hayc the proper adjustment authe top burners?

First make sure all burner hcads:Ile screwcd do\\'n tight. Lf nameHashe~ hack into mixer head, there isto IIlUlh air in proportion to gas.H flame blows away from poTl~, thereis too milch gas, air 01 both.

On adjmting top burners, you haveto regulate both th~ flow of gas andthe air mixture. \Vhen the burncr ispropcrly adjusted the flames arc dearand without yellow tips. Yellow tipsdenote too much gas; red f1;UllCS de­lIote insufficient air.

MOlot g-as range~ are l"tluipped withuniversal orifice. and it isn't necessaryto change orifices whcn lro\\·itching frombatded gas to natural gas or \·iceversa. It only requires the readjust­ment of the orifices.

Operdting a burner without a cook­ing utensil o\'er it wastes gas. Placecook...ing lItensi I o\er burner beforeturning on gas-tum burner off beforeremo\'ing utensil-for CCOIlOIll} andhClrot results. ~e\'er remove grates amiburner wells when using large utensilsover burners.

CA.UTIO~-.\LL MODELSTurn orr gas to burner if allY of

the following occur:

I. The burner raill> to light \ithinfour or fi\c ~ttond.s.

2. The burner goes out after be­ing lighted without the g-dS heillgturned ofL

3. Ga~ has been escaping into theroom from a leak.

4. 1n gener;d, whenever yOIl deter(the odor of gas in the roOUl.

Before attempting to light or re­light the oven, thoroughly vcmilatcthe o\'en and the room to dissipatethe gas. Hc surc to ubserve aoo\'eprecautions, otherwise. g-dS may ac·cumulate and when ignited, tlle H:nneslIlay puff out.

Question: How do you adjust theHl-LO valve on the "Griddle in thel\liddlt:" burner?

I. Turn valve to the high flame.2. Loosen the screw on the top part

of thc ,ahe.~. Turn valve coulIlcr-ciockwise.

\'ery slowly until a desired low Aameis obtained.

4. Tighten screw.

Qucstion: 'Vhal is the properheight of lhe o"en pilot f1amc?

The oven pilot Hame should be ap­proximatcl}' Y1 inches high. This ad·jUSUllCll1 is maue by turning thc upperrighl hand set screw on the o\'en call·troL The o\en should be 350° whenadjusting the pilot. ,\ complailll thatusuall)' ari~es with 01 gas range is theo\'ell lroIlIoking. This is cau!>C(! by the0\ en pilot being too high.

Qucstion: What is the procedure forlighting automatic pilot ill matchleMo\"cn?

I.ightillg procedure depends lIponthe type of comrol used. On theRobertshaw O\'[~TROL t}pe. theO\'en pilot may be igllited by depress­ing dial firm I) in at "aI£" position andholding lighted match at pilot burn·er. COlllinue to depress dial ror ap­proximately 30 seconds to allow auto­matic pilot to set.

(Col1lillued on Page 19)

17

18

r~, - ... l'·.., .. :;;

-- ~'"

Florence Built-'n Gas RangesBuilt-in luxur)' and compactness ... outstandingperformance. Extra-easy co clean. Oven haselectric dock with 6O·minute tinlcr. Removableoven door window, and oven light. Separatesmokeless broiler. In Colorama colors or satin chrome.

YOUR CUSTOMERS

WILL SMILE ••

YOUR SALES

WILL JUMP!

Smart, modern, lOps in performance,Florence means quality in mobilehome kitchens. Assures you and )"ourcustomers unbeatable value ...long service, real dependability,complete satisfaction. You'll seUmore mobile homes, faster, withFlorence in the kitchen.

NEW! 30" Custam DeluxeRange with 3-way TopModel 3-303. Modern Trim-Lineback panel with incandescent lamp.3-way top. Handy built-in castaluminum griddle converts to fifthtop hurner or work space."Chrome-Jet" top burners."Baker's Arch" oven is full 25"wide, provides welcome extracapacity. Removable oven doorwindow and oven light. Separatesmokeless broiler.

,.n...L.o(.­GAS RANGES

FLORENCE STOVE COMPANY

A division of

Geo. D. Roper Corporation, Kankakee, Illinois

Gas Stoves

By Florence Stove Co. and Dixie Products

(Continued from Page 17)

On SOIlle automatic controls therewill be a red set button to he de­pressed while lig-hting- pilO( burner.Button HlUSt be held ill firmly forapproximately 30 seconds to lightpilot, or until pilot will cotllinllC toburn ~fter button is released.

To adjust automatic pilot onOVEI\TROI., the proccJure is thesame as the manually lig-hted pilotexcept turn pilot adjmt screw to apoint whlTC only a trace of yellow tipremains on a small blue pilot flame.This will provide a constantly burn­ing pilot which will give automaticignition. Anytime the supply of gasto the range is interrupted, the abovelighting procedure of pilot will be re­quired.

Question: How do you set the By­Pass or Minimum oven flame?

I. Lig-ht the ovell burner and LUrndial to a position haJrway hetweenthe gas on-ancl-ofT mark_

~, Remove the dial and bezel.3, Turn the upper left hand set

screw on the oven control until theoven name is (lpproximately ~ inchhigh,

1. Replace dial and bezel.The purpose of the By-Pass flame

is to keep the oven going at the de­sired temperature setting, If this isn'tset, the oven will start waling whenit reaches the desired degree insidethe oven and the oven burner will goout. On the other hand, if the By­P(lSS name is set too high, it will causethe oven to overheat.

Question: How do you re-calibratean oven cont rol?

In checking the calibration of anoven by all means lise an oven ther­mometer. This is the only way to doa proper job.

To check the calibration-I. Place the oven thermometer in-

side the oven and turn oven controlto 3.;0° and allow to burn for approxi­mately 15 minutes.

2. At the end of the time look atthe oven thermometer and check it<lg<linst the degrees on the {!i<ll. Ifthe oven is over-heating- or under­heating, the control needs re-calibrat­mg-.

To re·calibrate-I, Remove the dial and bezd.

2. You will notice two small screwson the center .~mall section on frontof control. Loosen each of thesescrews.

3. The small disc has marks on therrOnL. Each of these marks repre­sent'i 25 0 and there is a high and lowside.

4, If the oven thennometer showed,for eX<lmple, 50 0 over what the dialsetting- was, then turn the pointer,where nl<lrks are, two marks to thelow side. H ca~e was reversed, EiO o

under, then pointer should he movedtwo marks to the high side.

5, Tighten the two ,crews whichwere loosened ill step two.

{i, R.eplace dial and bezel.

Then move dial setting from 350 0

to 1000 and run your second test,which should check out the same onthermometer as on dial.

Que~tion: ls there a warranty on gasranges?

Yes, The warranty tag accompanieseach range. i\'lost warranties state:.\ny part or portion of the rangewhich the company's examinationshall disclose to be tlC£ective in work­manship or materials, during a periodof one }'eilr from date of purchase,will be replaced free of charge exceptfor labor and tr:msportation expenseincidential to replacement.

PORCELAIN ENA:\IEL WILLCHIP OR GRAZE IF NOT PROP-

ERLY CARED FOR. WARRA:-.lTYDOES NOT APPLIE TO PORCE­LAIN ENA:\ofEI. HNISH.

Question: 'Vhat special care is re­quired for Jlorcelain enamel?

This is a gla~~·like coating whichis fused on to the steel at a very hig-htemperature. 1t is the most durablefinish knowll, and will not (Tark orchip because of cooking heat, but itmust be given proper care <111(1 atten·tion.

Do not strike porcclaiu eHamel withhard or rough objerts, slam parts\\'hen opening- and clo~ing, clean partswhen hot, apply cold water to hotparts, or hal water to cold parts, usegritty soap or cleanser or allow dirtor liquid~ to remain on porcelain sur­faces,

To cle<ln porcelain, use warmwater and a good cleanser recom·mended for porrelain enamel. Stub­born spots Gill he removed with kero­sene.

Question: \Vhat may he used to

clean chrome finishes?

Chrome is a very durable finish, itis subject to scratching and shouldnot be cleaned with a gritty cleaningpowder. On all chrome parts, use onlya high-grade chrome cleaner or polishto retain the beautiful sheen.

Question: \Vhen ordering replace­ment parts what ~houlll we do toexpedite their shipment?

Always give the complete modelnumner of the rallge. This is foundon the number plaLe which i.s locatedin the burner box bottom, or insideof the boiler door.

1f a repair chart isn't handy, give arull de~ription of the part desired.

If a pan is being returned to themanufacturer, either as a s<lmple orfor repair, please enclose a letter re­garding your wishes,

19

-

FUll LINE OF FURNACESFOR EVERY SIZE COACH

-. ~--------------===: ..--

MOBILE HOME FURNACES

4 Even ftoor-to-ceHing temperature assured by uniquecounter-flow circulation. Re-uses warm ceiling air, mixeswith fresh air.

S Higher heat output. Heats 5O'·10's in sub-zero cold!Provides warm floors throughout your mobile home.

6 Even heat dislribution in winter assured by powerful 2·speed blower. Circulates air for summer cooling.

7 Quieter operation. No irritating expansion-contractionnoise.

8 Sarety plus. Automatic control cuts fuel flow in case ofpower failure!

MODERN STYLING1 Built-in beauty. They're the only furnaces approved forfully-enclosed installation. No gaps-no unsightly "works"!

2 Modern lines. Only flush-mounted grille front is visible.Platinum finish blends with any interior. Unit takes only20" x 23" x 59" space!

3 Low silhouette. Low location ofoil control permits use ofstandard low tank rack.

"The Name Mobile Home Owners Respect"

MOTOR WHEEL CORPORATION, LANSING 3, MICHIGAN

MODERN ECONOMY9 Uses less fuel. Extra-large burner and oversize heatchamber cut costs by getting the most BTU's out of yourfuel!

10 Two pilot settings. Low pilot saves fuel, won't overheatyour coach in mild weather. Comfort setting provides evenheat in colder weather.

11 Simple maintenance. All working parts are easy to getat-easy to check through front panel doors.

MODERN COMFORT

1)U01HERM

11 sales featuresyou get only withnew Duo-Therm

-=---

For 50'- 10' widesOil Model 558 Purnace shownQhove). 43,000 BTU output. Com­pletely built-in. U_ 8PAce 23" J:

ZO'. Hu built-in automatic 2­8~ blo....-er.

Oil Model 560 FUnKe. 43,000 BTUoutput. Completely built-in. Ueeellpace 23' 1t 20', Hns built-in auto­matic sing1e-8pced blov.-eT.

Gn Model 570 Furnace. 53,000 BTUinput. Has the same featul'C8 llJJ oilmodel 558, adapted for use of LPor IUllural gM.

For up to 41' X 8' and35' x 10' coaches

011 l\1odcl 555 .'urnace. 34,000 BTUoutput. Complet.ely built-in. UsessPAce 23" x ZO", Has built-in auto­matic 2-specd blower.

Gall Model 551. 40,000 BTU input.14" deep x 22' wide]l; 48~' high.Hall built-in automatic 2-8peedblo.....er. U_ LP or natural glUll.

For up to 35' x 8' coochesOil Model S.10. 30,000 RTU output.14" J: 22" x 48}i", Has built-inautomatic2-speed blower. Designedfor under.floor heating Iy.tema.

00 :\Iodel 530. Same M Model 540wit.h 27,000 BTU output andsingle-epeed built-in bloYo-er. UIe!!inside or outside fuel tank.

For up to 28' x 8' coachesOU Model 525-PA. 20,000 BTU out­put. 12" x 24" x 30", Has built-inPower-Air Blower, Ideal for lowdraft flues.

20

How to adjust the new DUO-THERM 558 Furnaceby lowell DavisDllo_Th.,,,, Prod"c'. Sen;... Monog••Molo. Whoel C<><porolion. lon,ing. Michi\ilon

The new control system on the Duo-Therm558 Furnace offers complete flexibility ofadjustment to meet different heating con­ditions. To get maximum performance and

lowest fuel consumption, the controlsshould be set as suggested. This is aSimple operation requiring only the fewsteps explained in detail below.

HOW TO LIGHT THE FURNACEI. Set the Thermostat at 90".2. Turn the control knob clock·

wise until it will turn nofarther.

3. Then lurn the control knobback (counterclockwise) 10position #6, or higher insevere welilher. Never turnit To II position less than #6.

4. Then wait for two to threeminutes and light burner.

HOW TO REGULATE THE TEMPERATURE

1. Set the thermostat at the de­sired room temperature.

2. The furnace operates mostefficiently with the indicatedlever set lit "COLD." But, ifcoach overhellts, reset thelever at the "MILD" position.

•

HOW TO ADJUST FOR PROPER OIL flOWEfficient. proper operation depends upon h('lving thecorrect oil flow. Shown in the picture are the threescrews that regulate the oil flow. listed below are thecorrect oil flows for Ouo-Therm Furnaces.

HOW TO ADJUST THE BLOWER1. The "SUMMER SWITCH" should be al "OFF" posi.tion when the blower is used for heating. When thisswitch is at "ON" the blower operates constantly.2. The blower has two speeds: "HI-SPEED" for severeweather, and "NORMAL SPEED" for moderate weather.3. A dial indicator controls the frequency of bloweroperation. For normal conditions, the dial should beset at 120. For less blower operation, turn the dialto a higher setting; for more, turn it to a lower setting.

MODEl

555558560

cUlle C£NTlMETEl5 PEa MIN.

HIGH FII£ eOMFQl:T FilE HealD" PilOT "MilCH

20 5 124 6 124 6 I

DUO· TH ERM MODel 55B FURNACE, WIRING DIAGRAMLIMIT 5WI1'CH , ..... SWITCH

• LOW SPUD

21

@ IU.CK

® UD

@I WHITI

JUNCTION .ax

•TO 11$

VOlT LINE

j~~J'"~"""~~""":"~~"*",,H lWO 5''''

B SWITCH

TO mcnlC TOP

- -ALUMINUM MOBILEHOME ROOF COATING

Furnished in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 galloncontainers - a container for every

size mobile home roof.

• It is the ORIGINAL mobilehome coating---oldest and bestknown brand in the field.

• It is used by MORE mobilehome owners than any other.They know that KOOl-SEAl means complete satisfactionand full value for their money.

• It is the ONLY coating regularly advertised in all majorconsumer magazines and papers. Your customers ore "toldand said" KOOL-SEAl.

• KOOL-SEAl'S GUARANTEED quality relieves you of usercomplaints and adjustments-saves you time, headachesand money.

• Consumers demand it-will not accept 50-called substitutes.• KOOl-SEAL means faster stock turnover, more satisfied

customers and bigger profits for you.

B&®®~~LB~ furnishes youcomplete merchondising oids without chorge • • •

1. COVERAGE CHARTS tell you and your customerthe correct KOOL-SEAL container size for anyroof.

2. CIRCULARS describe KOOL-SEAl and exploinwhat it will do for your c~51omer.

3. SAMPLES show your customer what KOOL-SEAlwill look like after it has been opplied.

4. KOOl-SEAl INSTRUCTION MANUALS give com­plete information for the care and repair ofmobilehome roofs.

5. CATALOGUE SHEETS give a brief descriptionof KOOl-SEAL and its companion products.

6. METAL DISPLAY SIGNS are attractive indoor Oroutdoor advertising.

KOOL-SEAL companion products are needed by your customer at the

time KOOL-SEAL Is applied. ELECTROSEAL ALUMINUM, MEMBRANEFABRIC, SPECiAL ADHESIVE, PLASTICEL ALUMINUM CAULKING andDELUXE SPRAY ALUMINUM are closely related ta KOOL-SEAL andmean extra profits for you. We will be happy to supply completeinformation and show you how they will work for you.

Stock up NOWI Write us lor a quotation or lurther inlormation.

THE ELECTRIC PAINT &. VARNISH CO.

22

8311 FRANKLIN 8LVD. • CLEVELAND 2, OHIO

Roof Repair

By Electric Paint & Varnish Co.

and Maintenance

Question: Our new mobilehomeseems 10 be a lot noisier than the<oad, we rceemlr traded in on it.\VIIlI! is the reason, and Gill this lI(1i~

be eliminated?Vcry frequently nowadays the llLO­

bilehomc dweller trades olI his oldcoach for a new and larger one, withmore living space, more convenienceand belter appointments. only to findit a much noisier coach than the oldone.

Todar. \inually all new mobile­homo arc larger and have metal roofs.Thl.> larger roof area made of lill;htj.folll.E::C sleel or aluminum lends tocreate a '·soullI.ling box" effect. Intheir effort to eliminate leaks in thesemetal roob, many manufacturer\ donot :lnchor them to !.he roof members.The result is that an uneo,ued met.alroof, particularl)' after it'l> been e...·posed La temperature exlIcmes, has11 tendency to buckle. :i'l'ot only doesthis create possible leaky areas byspliuin~ seams or pulling the roofaWH> from stacks, \ems and moldings,but even :1 breeze passin~ over itcause~ 11 rippling of metaL with re­sultallt noise imide. In addition, r<linand hail beating on the roof createanother noise condition inside.

Coating this new metal roof witha good aluminum mobilehome coating\\'iIInot only increase insulation value,but cut down buckling and providea "cushion" against the beating ofrain and hail. plus wind noise, there·hy helping to imure a soundproof alllileak-proof rooL

Question: \Vhy is an aluminumroof CQ."tting recommended for metalroofs?

Much of the answer to this ques­tion is found in the al)()\'e answer.l\lo51 modern roofs are constrllced oflight gauge steel or aluminum. Toelimin:lle rust and corrosion of lhemeul! roof surface. an aluminum coat·

mg is necessary. It will cut downbuckling of metal roofs [rom expan­sion and comractiOll caused by rapidand sometimes severe temperaturechanges. This cutS down roof noiseand eliminatcs lcak haz<lrds. Last butnot least, a good alul\linum mobile·home coaling will improve roofbeaut)' and insulate the mohilehomeinterior aKainst heat and cold.

Question: How often it; it uecessaryto Hl'ply an aluminum roof coating?

The answer to this question varie.greatly. depending on the quality ofcoating used, type of roof structure.weather conditions, location of themobilehome, etc. Under averotge con­ditiom, a properly applied good alu­minum coating should last and effec­ti\'ely protect the roof surface for ap­proximately 3 }ears. Periodic roofinspection, at least twice a year, willindicate whether the roof need beco.1.ted more or less frequently.

Periodic inspections will also showlip weak. spots or trouble points inthe roof which lIcmand imcmion. Byrepairing such areas, illlclior damageand consequent costly major repairscan be eliminated.

Question: What arc the signs of rooftrouble and how can they be cor·recled?

Obviously. the surest signs o( roofleaks are stained panels on the imer~

ior of a mobilehome. Since this is thestage of 1'00£ trouble that is mostcritical, and requires immediate andtoo-often extensi\e and costly repairs,such a condition is unnecessary, andcan be avoided by exercising the fol­lo....ing few simple precautions:

First, C\'eT)' mobilehome roof shouldbe inspected at least twice yearly. Ac­cumulated dirt or debris should beremoved, and all roof seams, stacksand vents should be inspected dosely.Stacks, moldinfr-l and vents must bescrewed down securely and well

caulked. If there is any evidence ofseams parting, they can most effec­tively be repaired by "bridging theRap" with membrane fabric imbeddedin auhesive, Then, the entire roofshould be coated with a good qualityaluminum coating, lo insulate andprolect the roof from future damage.

Care should also be taken to parkthe mobilehomc in an area free oflow hanging brallchcs, and the coachshould be leveled properly to ,l\'oidstrain on the roof structure that maycause seams to part with consequentleakage.

Question: Stained paneling in myceiling indicates that [ hne leakage,but althou~b I ha\"e inspected myroof carefully, the coating is in goodshape and I can find no breaks orleaky spots anp,,·here. 'Vhal is myproblem, and how caD J correct it?

The chances are 100 to I the stainedpaneling in thi~ case is occurring inIhe immediate .... icinity of stacks, ventsor moldings. The water that hasstained this paneling is nOl cominRthrough the roof itself, but either atthe jOilll where these roof appli:lIlcesare affixed to the roof, or thl'Ou!{h theappliances themselves, and comingout through the paneling from thesub·roof.

One of t,"'o problems exists here.Either the screws holding down thestacks, vents or moldings have comeloose. or the!>C appliances are improp­erly C3ulk.ed---Qr the appliances them­~1\Tes are not functioning properly,and as a result water is entering thesub-roof and staining the panelingthrough Or around the appliances. Ifinspection pro\'es that the screws orcaulking are fault)', repair them ac·cordingly. If they are intact, thenh:we a competent serviceman checkthese appliances, correcting their oper­ation, thereby eliminating }'our leakproblem.

23

Mobile home heatersbecome automatic

in minutes with~ comfort control

MODEL 356 OILiFTER - A dependable unit designed topump fuel oil quietly and efficiently from a storage tank10 (I self-contained reservoir or fuel chamber,'thus provid­ing a continual supply of fuel oil 10 the constant level valve.Con be used with vaporizing, rotary and gun-type burners.

MODEL 5010 SINGLE UNIT GAS CONTROL _ Compactlyengineered for clothes dryers, wall heaters, spoce heaters,etc. Available with magnetic operator. Pressure regulator isoptional. Mallimum capacity 85,000 Btu/hr ot 1" ......c.p.d.of 800 8tu/cu. ft. gas. Part of a complete line of singleunit controls.

MODEL 2709 FLEXATEMP THERMOSTATIC CONTROL KIT- Easily converts AP 240Y series single metering stemvalves to dependable automatic operetion. Complete kitconsists of thermo$lat, built-in transformer, cord, plug andstaples. CC makes thermostatic controJ accessories tosuit every heating need.

MODEL 2400 OIL CONTROL VALVE - With exclusivesleel·body, it safely mointoirn an even rate of oil flo ..... tovaporizing type oil-burning space heaters, central andfloor furnaces. Aha availeble ..... ith an integral flame prover.One of a complete line of manual oil controls.

A Model 252 EA comfort control, a screw~

driver and a few minutes are all that is neededto convert manual oil-fired heaters to thermo·static operation. Electric conversion top easilyattaches to manual control. Kit is furnishedcomplete with thennostat andplate-type transformer. No com­plex wiring, no worry over servoice problems. Write today forBulletin TI-187.

-C, conTODOLscrecomnpRrlydUo'F Am€DICA~ 2400 N. 32nd Street - MILWAUKEE 10, WISCONSIN

~ COOKSVILLE, Ontario - NIJMEGEN, Holland

21

Heating Controls

By A-P Controls, Controls Company of America

Question: \Vhat methods are Iol­lowed in cleaning the following: Con­trol Strainer; i\letering Stem and theNeedle Valve Assembly?

Control Strainer: In most caseswhere comrol does not function prop­erly, a dogged strainer is usually toblame. Cleaning the strainer is a sim­ple matter. First shut off oil at thetank. Loosen control strOlincr nut andremove strainer assembly. Immersescreen (not the gasket) in boi1in~

water for approximately 10 minutes,to melt the wax deposits.

Dry strainer thorang-hly and shakeout the loosened din ami deposits bylightly tappinK or brushing- thestrainer, Be sure the strainer isthoroughly dry. Clean out the strain­er housing with a stifr brush such asa tooth brush. Flush oil line to makesure it is dean. Before replacing­strainer. examine gasket and replaceit it worn or damaged.

l\feleri.n~ Stem: If cxtellSion rodis used, disconnect and remove itfrom the 1Il,lllual handle of the COll­

trol. I,(Iosen scrcws, lift off covcr andgasket assembly. Lift manual handleand bracket assemhly to the vertiralposition. l\""ext remove nH.:H:ring stem.The stem is held in position by afountain-pen type clip or spring.

",Vith folded piece of lint-freepaper, clean the stem siaL Do not lisea sharp instrument Clean meteringstem guide with kerosene or fuel oil.Clean seat with toothpick or paper.1M replacing mctcring stem and spring,Le sure that the clip is in the slot onthe guide so that the stem can moveup and down freely.

Needle Valve Assembly: Lift theentire handle, bracket and float as­sembly out of the control body. Re­move inlet needle valve and wipeclean with lint-free paper. Do notchange needle setting- by turningsquare nut. Flush out needle guidewith kerosene and clean seat withtoothpiCK. To dean out body of con­trol, use syringe to remove oil re­maining in control or take control orrand dump. ",Vipe out bottom of can­troJ.

Queslion: What is the proper op­eration of the oil conlrol when con·verted from mechanical to electricity?

After the oil control has beenproperly wired and the heating de­vice is already in operation, it is onlynecessary to set the thermostat to de­sired temperature.

1£ a new installation, the followingsteps are suggested for putting theheating- unit into thermostatic oper­ation: (I) Set the thermostat. Thede~ired temperature will be main·tained within the room in which theinstrumcnt is located, but do not ex·pect the thermostat or any other sim­ilar imtrumeut to maintain the sametemperature in some remote room, ir.ur circulation is insufficient. (2)Turn on the oil supply at the tankshutoff valve. (3) Rotate manual latchulllil it drops into depression. (4)Ignite burner according- to g-eneraloperation instruction of burner manu­facturer. (5) To ,hut off heater, turnmallu,li reg-ulator to OFF.~OTE: In case of current illlerrup­tion, control goes to pilot operationautomatically. By lifting and turning­manual latdl on electric top, oil con·trol may be operated manually untilcunent is resumcd.

The thermostat provided incorpo­rates a heat anticipator which makesthe themrostate more sensitive toroom temperature, al1owin~ heatregulator unit to maintain a moreuniform temperature. H oil flowswere satisfactory when the controlwas operated manually. no £low ad­justment need he made. However, ifa heavy or light fuel oil is encoun­tered. holes are provided to readjustthe high and low adjustments.

Important-It is very necessary tohave the control properly synchro­nized to insure control o[ the down­ward movement of the high lire lever.This prevents the lever from closingthe metering- stem entirely so that thefirc does not fail at pilot position ofthe electirc top.

Question: How is the oil controlcalibrated?

The final and most important job

is calihration. The control must belevel during this opcration; level itend to end and side to side. To besure the needle valve is open to allowoil flow, turn the control knob to thest<lrt position. Then turn the ,hutofflever spring adjusting screw clockwiseuntil the needle is held ag-ainst theseat.

l\""ow lUrn the shut-off lever springadjusting screw counter-clockwise onefull turn. To set the oil level in theconstant level chamber, turn the con­trol knob to the HIGH fire position.In order to adjust the needle valveopening for proper oil level theremust be an approximate HIGH Howflowing through the control. To in­crease the flow of oil, turn lhe lowfire screw clockwise. 1£ the flow of oilis to be decreased, turn screw counter­dockwise. The oil level in the con­stant level chamber is important. Fol­low manufacturers instructions.

Oil level is made at the slot in thetope of the needle valve. If low. turncounter·docKwise; if high, turn clock­wi_~e. Flow rates are stamped on thenameplates. Check the low fire flowtirst. Next. baCK orr the synchronizing­screw counter·clockwise about 2 turnsor until the high fire lever is free. Toincrease How, turn low fire adjnstmentscrew clockwise.

Between adjustmem, turn knob toOFF and back to START again andallow time for tiow to stabilize. Whenlow How has been properly set turnthe synchroniling screw clockwise justenough to eliminate all free movementof the high fire lever.

Next, to check the high fire flow,turn the control knob to the high fireposition and check the flow rate. :No­tice the Underwriters stop bushingaround the high fire screw. The low­er end of this bushing stops the riseof the high fire lever and meteringstem at the maximum tiow positionapproved uy Underwrilers. DON'Ttry to change this maximum flow set­ting. If high fire level does not strikethe high fire bushing. high fire 1I0wcan ue increased by turning the highfire down screw counter·c1ockwise.

25

International's combination unitfor central heating and air conditioning

gives you year-round living comfort

26

One underfloor duct system serves both heating andcooling. Designed as an integrated unit, WEATHERITEis built in a closet, conserving valuable space.

International's wonderful "VEATHERlTE has an amaz­ing capacity and efficiency that makes it capable of heat­ing and cooling the largest mobile homes now madel

The great new MAC 1060 furnace gives you 60,000BTU's of clean, healthful heat, and the UF 2000 air con­ditioner (2 horsepower) gives you 22,500 BTU's of cool,exhilarating air all summer long. Extensive field testshave proved W£ATHERlTE in every climate ... from25° below zero to 115° abovel

Write for complete information. Make sure your mobilehome is equip1Jed with WEATHERITE for year-roundliving comfort!

OIL BURNER COMPANY3800 PARK AVENUE

SAINT LOUts 10. MISSOURI

-- ••- •= •- •-

Membe,: MHMA • TeA' MONA

Heating

By International Oil Burner Co.

Que.~tion: lVhat could I do to ''''oidthe many minor adjustments I nowmake in thc field during Ihe first yeara mobilehome furnace is in ppcration?

You'll save yourself from lll~UlY

needless .-.ervice calls ill that first yearof operation if you'lI give the mobile·hOillc furnacc ,I thorough going o\"erbefore it even leaves )'our s<llcs lot.A few minor adjuHments before your<:ustOlller takes possession of the lllO­

bileholllc will save you from majorrcp;lin, aftcr the [urll:1ce is pm inoperation. C:hcrk tlte fuel supply linesand oil control valve. :\[ake sure th:1tthe duct work, combustion <til' intakeand smoke pipe arc rorn.-ctly installed,wilh an ainight fit at all joints.

Fire the furnace and :1110'\' it tooperate through one complete cycleso that you can see if the thermostatelectric top, oil control valvc, air cir­culator speed controls and limit con­trols are working properly. If youdo this, your service calls should belimited to a (e\l" unavoidable repairson Tare occasions and your customerswill be more pleased with their mobile­homes lind with their mobilehometkaler.

Question: If I am servicing a mo­bilehome furmlce which seems to bestuck on "high" or "low" fire, howcan I make a positive check?

If the furnace constantly operateson "high" fire, make the followingchecks. Remove the two wires fromyour oil control valve electric top.I[ the fUfl1ace retufl1s to "pilot" op­eration, the electric top is nOt de­fective and you 111<1)' re-connert thewires. If the furna<:e stays on "high"fire, there is a defective electric topand it should be replaced.

l'\ext, disconect the wires at thethennoslat. H the furnace remainson "high" fire, there is a short in thethermostat wires which must he cor·rected. If the [urtlacc returns to"pilot" fire when yOll remO\'e thethermostat wires, the electric top and

wircs arc in good condition ami thetrouhle i~ in the wall thermostat. Ilthe fmnacf' is always on "pilot" fire,<:hcck for broken wiring, defectiveelectric to!, or defective thermostat.Ch<.'ck the electric to]) by bridKing thegap between the wire lerminals allthe electric top with a short piece ofwire. If this causes the furni1ce toSWitch to "high" fire. the electric LOpis ill good condition.

Check the thermost;u·to-eleuric·lopIl'll'iug by di:'cOllllecling the wires i1tthe thermostat. ConneLt the exposedends of lhese wires. If tbe furnacedoe:. not leave "pilot" fire, one orthe thermostat wires is broken. Dirt)'rontact points in the thermostat wiltalso cause your furnace to stay on"low" fire. Correct this by removingthe thermostat cover and drawing apiece of lim-free paper (i1n ordinarybusiness card will do) between thecontacts. If this does not eliminateyour trouble, repair or replace thethermostat.

Question: My custOmcr.~ frequentlyask why their hcat registers are pro­vided with adjustable dampers. Theywant to know why it wouldn't behetrer to have the registers wide openso that they would get the most heatpossible from their furnaces.

Your customers would find thattheir mobilehomes were heated un­evenly if they followed this practice.If all the registers were wide open,the rooms near the furnace wouldget most of the heat, since the heathad less distance to travel. Therefore,it is advisable to adjust the re~ister

dampers so that all the roorn.~ receiveequal heat.

When the proper balance is ob­tained, it is best not to make changesin individual registers. Changing oneregister will alter the air distributionhalancc o[ the entire heating system.It is permissible, however, to clo<;eoff the bedroom registers at night i£the regi.~ters are returned to their

original po.~itiom for the balance ofthe day.

Question: Sevcral of Illy customcrshave recently heen troubled by water;md rwa in their fuel tank and lines.How ditl this w;ller gel i~110 Ihe tanks,and how can you prevent, it?.. Your cuStomers could prohablyhave avoided this trouble if they Iudkept their fuel stora~c tanks full duroing the sUlllmer. If the storage tanksarc constructed properly, water canget ill the tanks ouly by comlcnsalion.Condensation takes pla<-e in the sum­mer when the tank air spare-aU spacein the tank not occupied by fuel oil­fills with moisture-laden warm air dUl"­ing the day. This air is cooled duringthe evening and the moisture <-on·tlenses on the walls of tile tank. ThisrustS the tank walls, causes sludge inthe fuel lines and oil control valve,and in general prevents Ilonn"l opel'·ation of the fuel supply system. Allthis can be avoided if your customerswill take the simple precaution of fill­ing their fuel storage tanks aher u\eheating season is over rind keepingthem full all summer.

Question: Wh}' do most furnacemanufact,urCs rccommend that theirmobilehome furnaces he used withNo. I fuel oil only?

Mobilehome furnaces are specifi.cally designed to burn No.1 fuel oil.Fuel oil does not burn in the furnaceas a liquid. It must first be vaporizedby the heat generated in the burner.No. I fuel oil vaporizes at a tempera­ture of 6250 F. This temperature isacceplable for mobilehome furnaces.

Heavier p;rade-No. 2 fuel oil-re­quires much higher temperatures tovaporize completely. The mobilehomefurnace will not fully vaporize thisfuel. Only part of the fuel is vapor·iled and burned; the rc:.t remains inthe furnace burntr pot as a gummyresidue. This residue prevents thefurnace from heating- properly andresults in los~ of eflidency ;[nd fre­quent service calif..

27

28

the UNITED STATES

PATENT OFFICErecognized the unique features of

JALOUSIES of OHIOFROST-FREE

CONDENSATION-FREE

JALOUSIE WINDOWand issued U.S. Patent No.

2,873,827 February 17, 1959.

Jalousies of Ohio Company, Dayton, OhioManufacturers of windows for the mobile home industry.

Jene Philip•• P,eJi<lent

l,,'tr Dunn. Vice P,uidenl Sale. Manage,

Window Installation and

By Jalousies of Ohio

Maintenance

E."tch wimer more and more homeowners are vit.a.lly intertstetl in theproblem of window condensation.

Strange ;tl> it seems, the growingcondensation problem.s of the nalionare caused by progress. :\Iany of theproblems of window condensation arecaused by the "tight" modern mobile·homes which are much easier to heal,and also the widespread usc of severallahor.savin~ appliances that make lireeasier thall it used to be.

The real condensation ,'illaill is in­visible. It's w3ter vapor. The bC~l­

lIsually the only way-to prevent thistrouble is to gel rid of excess walerva'por.

What is hUJnidil}? H umidilY, waler"apor, moisture. steam. thc}"re all thesame. They are all onc (orm of water\\'hi<;h is carried b)' warm air. Thismoisture in the warm air tries to flowtoward drier air and mix with it.Thu, is referred to as "vapor pressure"which can force moislllre throughsome materials such as wood. plaster,brick and cement. Some materials,however, have a tendency to Stop thiswater v;tpor; for instance. glass, alu­minum, some varnisheo, and vapor·seal insulation.

Excessive moisture is partly dlle tomore washing, Illore showers and bath·in~, more applianccs, and unventedKils hurners. Here is an illustration ofthe impol'tancc of the proper use ofroof ami side·wall veIlLS: c:ooking fora family of four adds ,jY'! Ibs. of mob·tore per day: each shower. ~ lb.;weekly laundry, 30 Ibs.: human occu­pancy. 6 to 8 IlJs. per day, etc. It isquite possible that an averdge familyof three or four can easily release 150Ibs.• or some 18 g'dllons of water perweek in the home.

All of this moisture must eventuallyescape.

Most authorities agree that an)' in­side relative humidity higher than 10pel' cent is undesirable in wimer.This humidity is based on an averageinside temperature of iOo F. Forhi~hel' inside temperature. lower hu­midilieo are required.

How 10 Redu« HumidityI. Comrolling ~urCb of humidity.

For instance, venting all gas burners,clothes dr)'ers, etc.. to the ollldoors.Use of kitchen and bathroom exhaustfans.

2. Wintcr ventilation. Outside airusually contains less walcr vapor; itwill "dilute" the humidity of insideair. This is where the use of roofvenlS and lhe "monitor" or vem win­dows is very impol'tant.

3. HeaL The process of heatingyour mobiJehome will reduce the rela­ti\'c humidity-pro\'iding it's dry heal.It is very importalll that the properamount of outside air is availablc tothe heating unit.

-t_ Installation of stonn windows..\ dead airspace is one of the bestforms of insulation. The purpose ofa storm window is to provide an in­sulating barrier bet.....een the outerframe and glass, and the inside frameand glass. This will keep the warm,moislUre·laden air from coming incontact ..... ith a cold surface, whichcauses condensation to forlll. Also, .....emust not overlook the effectiveness ofa storm window in preventing a largepercent of heat loss which has beenfound to rUlI as high as 50 percentthrough single glass.

The principle of ,I frost-or conden­sation-free window is to scpar;ltc theouter metal frame from the insideframe. If this is designed and engi­neercd correctl), the frost or coldwill not IJc conducted to the insideframe.

Summary of Melhods to CorrectCondcnsation Problems

The basic principle of reducingwindow condensation is simple. \\'henexcessi,'e condensation fonns on thewindows it means Ihat Ihe humidit)· istOO high in your mobilehome. Thewindows are not always to blame. forin the moisture content of the insideair lies both the cause and the cure.

I. Install the proper stann win­dows.

2. Recogni7e thaI the ONLY way

to SlOp condensation is to reduce thealllount of moisture in the air in )'ourmobilehome.

3. Be sure )'our mobilehome isequipped ..... ith the neceMary \ocntilat­ing equipment, such as kitchen andbathroom exhaust fans, roof and sidevents, etc.

4. In winter provide more ways forimide air to gel out-for dry outsideair to get in-use the vellls.

5. Be willinK to try living in lowerhumidities. You will probably find itcomfonalJlc.

Improper Sealing of WindowsThe improper sealing of jalousie

and awning t}'I>C windows is generallycaused by fault)' installation. The firstslep is to locate the place where theframes are not SC'dling. \Vorking fromthe outside of the mobilebome. usea straight edge to determine if thefr:uucs have been distOrted. This ma)'be caused b)' pulling the mountingscrews too tight. or an uneven ex·terior surface. If the f1an~e mountingscreh'S have been inserted at an anglethis will cause the frame to bow. Ona jalollsie window this will cause theglass retainer dips to rub a~inst thejamb. or if the jamb is bowed out·ward, the glass will be loose.

The remedy (or a distorted outerframe is to loosen the mountingscrews and insert a shim hetween thewindow frame ;md the eXlerior ~ur­

face. If the mounting screws are in·stallt'tl at an angle the)' should beremoved and replaced in their properposition.

If the glass lom'ers do nOI dose toform the glass on glass SC""dl, the re­taining glass dips may be Slrik.ing thejamb. or one of the louvers may notbe properly secured in the glass dip.The seal between the window framesof the exterior surface should bedlecked periodically. Also. if the win·dows have a drip cap or rain shjeldmounted above the window. checkthis fol' a proper seal. If it is ncc:cs·sary to apply additional sealant, usea slUall hand caulking gun and analuminum or similar liquid sealer.

29

ANOTHER QUAUTY PROOUCT OF MASONIT~ RESEARCH

•

•

• •

•

fOf mobile homes by the oldest andlargest manufacturer of prefinishcdpanels assure you of highest quality inmaterial and design. Nationally.ad\"er_tised Marlile paneling insures customersatisfaction. Your customers knowMarlite's reputation for durablebeaut)' and easy maintenance. Insist onMarlite paneling for )'Our mobile home­interiors-it's a national brand namethat acts as an added salesman for you.For complete information write Mar­lite Division of Masonite Corporation,Dept. 259, I)o\rer, Ohio.

plastic-finished paneling

For beautiful soilproof interiors nothing measures up to ...

Marlite

A,l)' one of the many customer-winningMarlite patterns will add morc beautyand sales appeal to walls, ceilings, roomdi\"iders, doors, vanity and countertops, back splashes. And for good rea·son, too. Their soilproof melamineplastic finish provides remarkable reosistance to heat, moisture, grime andstains. Mobile home interiors paneledin Marlitc stay like new for years withan occasional damp cloth wiping.

Of great importance 10 you, Marlitepanels arc pre-expanded; stabilized tocontrol expansion and contraction.Patterns and colors produced especially

Nationally advertised Marllte

in beautiful decorator patterns

adds sales appeal to mobile homes

un

30

By Marsh Wall Products

Wall Paneling

QUC!ilion: \\'here can prcrh:coTatedhardboard I,ancis be u.sed in l>Cn'icingmobilehomcs?

The most popular use of SUdl panelsat pres«:nt is for walls and ceilings

of kitchen and bath areas, Here,panels which have a durable bakedplastic finish are ideal because theyswnd up against moisture, wear, ~oap,

cosmetics and various household ma­terials that ma}' harm ordinary fin­ishes. The smooth, hard surface ofthe paneling is easily wiped clean witha damp sudsy doth.

Question: \Vhcre ehe Cdn prooceor.ated hardboard be us(:d?

Since it i~ available in authelllicreproductions of selc<;t wood grains.imported marbels and other designpatterns as well as handsome plaincolors, thi) paneling can be usedequally effenively for living room andIJcdroolll arca \\'alls and ceilings, ItS\'ersatility is enhanced by availabilityin soft-luSlre as well as high·glossfillish.

Still other uses are as low-costCOUnteT topS, drawer facings. dra\\'erbottoms ami for ~urfaces uf otherbuilt-in furniture, such as \anities,dressers and bed headboards.

As a matter of fact. in view of thewide selection of colors, palterns andsiles and unusual service ahility. theuse of pl'edccoralc<1 hardboard is vir­tually unlimited wherever colorful,pennanelll surfaces are desired_

Question: What causes some Ine­decorated hardboard (sometimes re­ferred to as tileboard) to warp andbuckle?

The lurdhoard hasc matcrials usedas backing are wood productS whichnormally conwin a certain moisturecontent. During baking processes, thehardbo..-nd loses moisture and maycontract ~lightl)'. l Tpon installation,moisture penetrating the backs of thepanels cause them to expand andwarp.

Question: How can this warpingcondition be prevented?

The panels must be pre-expanded

before installation. One supplier doespre-e.xpand and stabili7e lhe panels atthe factoT}'_

QUC!ition: What can a dealer do toreIXlir warped panels?

The panels should be removed andreapplied. However, before reappl)·ing. the panels should be \"et downby brushing water on the b.acks andstacking b.1ck to back approximately12 hours. Then they should betrimmed slightly and reapplied with­Out forcing in corners, mouldings, eiC.

Qucstion: How are these panels in­stalled?

J'redecorated hardoo.1rJ ..all he ap·plied directly to existing studs incoaches. A walllX.I<ud adhesive shouldbe applied to the backs of the panelswhere they will meet the studs orcrossbraces_ Nails and pins shouldbe used to sc<:ure the panels.

To avoiJ warping and bucklingfrom normal expansion and contrac­lion, a slight space (;Ibout J<t") shouldbe allowed in the moulding channelswhere panels join. A further sOlfe­guard is the selection of a hardboardpaneling that has been especially fac­torl·treated fur the high-humidity con­ditions often arising in mobilehomes.

Question: Should new mouldingsbe used?

Any exi~tillg mouldings and metaltrim ~hould he remo\'ed before newpaneling is installctl. If the old mould­ings and trim are still in useablecondition and are suited to the hard­hoard's dimensions, they can be re­applied. Paneling should not beforced into llluuIJilll;.'!>.

New aluminum muuldings, de­signed specifically for the paneling'srcq u i rem en tS and predecorated incolors and patterns to match or hal'­monile with the paneling, are avail­able for a proper and finished-lookinginstallation. Sudt mouldings nonnal­Iy are nailed, but may be applied ,"'ithadhesive. In bath areas, metal divi­sion strips designed for the panelingshould be used and joints sealed andcaulked. In living areas, batten Stripsmay be used to conceal joints.

Question: '\'hat special lips are in­dicated for applic-.uions other thanwalls a lid eei lings?

To appl) the pla~tiNurracerl hard­board paneling for counter tof'S. thcold surface material should be reomoved before bundin~ the new ma­terial ill pla..e. Ready-made sink rimsand counler nosinS' are available forcompletin~ counter installations. Forvauities, the panels can be applied towood framing with adhe.i\·c to elimi·nate nailing through the surface ofthe paneling. For tops of new vani­ties or dressers, a piece of ~" thickplywood or other board materialshould be provi{l<:d as a solid, sturdybase fur bonding the predecoraledhardoo.lf(l. For drawer facings anddrawer bottoms, the paneling can beused llludt like wood and regularhardboarrls_

Quest ion: What art: the chief pr~

dUClioll 'ldvantagt.'S to the dC:llcr inusing lll'edecor,ued hardboard panel­ing?

This paneling has various qualitiesthat make for fa~l, economical coochremodelings_ Elimination of costl)finishillR OpCT"dlions is a chief benefit.Predecorated hardbo.trd comes com­pletely prcfinished at the factory, afe:llllre that saves time. malerials andlabor. They are easil)' CUt and workedwith regular carpcntcr's lools, handor powered. for professional-lookinginstallations.

Question: '\'hat sale. ad\~dnL;lgedoespredecor.lled hardbo<1Td offer the deal­er?

Uistinctive decorative treatmentswith wood grains, marble pauems,other designs or plain colors createinteriors that appeal to customers onsight. lie}'ond this "self·selling~aspectof paneling. custorncn. are impressedwhen lhe salesman mel1lions a bakedplastic surface and the easy upkeep itprovides. With only occasional wash­ing and with no w3.xing or refinishing,lite customer is aloSured of minimumcare and long-lasting beauty.

31

AII.-Our warranty label under yourkitchen sink is your customer',further assurance that he isbuying a good product.

32

your•Insurance

•agaInstplumbingproblems

Our plumbing is labora~~t:o:ry~te:s:t~e~d~a:n:d~~~~~~~~expertly engineered to provide an ef­

ficient, smoothly functioning system that

meets all normal requirements proved

under hydrostatic tests.

There are no problems when you use

our plumbing. It's guaranteed!

4430 So. Tripp Avenue • Chicago 32, Illinois

PlumbingBy Mobilehome Equipment Co.

and Sanitation

Question: Why does diTty waterback up into my bathtub?

Because of the faulty design thatdoes not permit cOlllinuous flow ofwaste water from one of the olherfixtures which are on :l higher levelto ltow directly into the main 3"waste and drain under the water closet(toilet).

Qucstion: Then why don't themanufacturers use a ~par.lte ~l ofpi))ing for the tub?

This is not necosary for. \\',Ih prOI»er consideration of the flou' from ornerfix lUres, it can be!: designed to How~uite satisfactorily. And, a better an­swer mij1;ht be thaI adequate testingof the plumbing system before install·ing it in the co<lche.~ was not com·plcLCd.

Question: Docs the location of thevent affect the Row of water directlyout of the system withoUi aHecLingb;\ckRow into the tub?

Definitely it does. Without any ventat all there is likely to be a vacuumcre-.ttoo which may do the opposite­suck the water seal completely out ofthe other traps. nOl only in the tubbill in the other fixtures as well.

Question: \Vhat is the best methodof testing the drainage system forproper !lCrformancc?

Fill both wells of the k.itchen sinkand also the lavatory. Connect thewater closet and fill the tank. Besure that the closet howl and the trapin the bowl are filled as well as thetrap and the tub. Then go back tothe kitchen sink and remove bothstoppers. pennitting full ftow. Kowwalk directly back to the lavatory,pull the Stopper in it and immediatelyflush the water closet.

J£ the tub trap fluctuates in levelslightly there is quite a good balancein the drainage system. But if thereis a gurgle or bubbling in this trapthere is need for correction of thevent; obviously. jf water flows backinto the tub at all, the system is im·properly designed. Also if the wateris drdwn out of the tub trap, indicatedby a lower water level. the system isentirely unsatisfactory. thus defeating

the purpose" of water seal and thetrap itself. If all is well in the tuh,the water seal remaining in the lava­lOry and the water seal remaining inthe kitchen sink. requires checkin~. Ifthere is a minimum water seal left ofI inch, that is, if the level of the wateri.. I inch higher than the lower bendin the trapway, your plumbing systemi~ properly drained.

Question: How is it possible for amanufacturcr to d(.'(cnnine whetherhe has a good sySlern?

There is obviousI)' a s)'Stematic ap­proach to any questionable subjectand it is entirely po!>Sible for ever)'manufacturer to have his plumlJingsystem checked so that he is secureenough to certify its function.

Qucstion: Is there an)' plumbingcode for 1D0bilehomes?

There is, but the requirements ofthe code arc so irregular and unrea·sonable that it is impractical 3t thisdme to conform to the recommendedcode published by the AmericanStandards Association. The reason isthat a mobilehome can offer very goodplumbing and supply it with materialsfar more economic,'ll and efficient thanthose requiroo in the code.

Question: Has there ever been pen­altics and rcsu-iclions imlKlSed becauseof 1)lumbing in the mobilehome?

Yes there has. HeC:lllse of our in·creasing population in mobilehomes,loe-J,I plumbing inspectors arc becom­ing evermore wary of the sanitationoffered by mobilehomes and mobile­home communities.

Question: Is there ever going to bea code by which the manufacturerscan confonn?

Yes. we are rapidl)' al)proachin~ it.Thc American Society of Sanitary En­gineering, an organization of plumb·ing inspectors from the United SUlles;lIld Canada, has been looking intothis matter for several years and. withfurther cooperation from the manu­facturers, will adjust the present stand·ards and with this agreement the finalhurdle will be made so that we illthis industT)' rna)' then free ou~lves

of the fear of the local plumbing in­~pector.

Question: How does the food wastegrinder affect the plumbing s)'sl.cm inthe mobilehome?

It is sometimes quite dangerous be­cause evcn a good mobilehome plumb.ing system is designed for the originalinstallation and not for supplemental)'fixtures. There is likely to be a forc­ing in the drdin system and possiblyit will be strong enough. with the useof some food waste disposals, for thewaste to pump itsdf right out throughthe vem onto the roof of the mobile·home.

Question: Does the food wastc dis­poS:11 hann the sewer or the septic sys­tcm?

No, it does IlOt. An authority onthe subject. and not one of the foot!waste disposal manufacturers. has in­<Heated that no more than 30% addi­tional load is placed on the sewagetreatment plant with the use of thefood waste disposal. and an authorityon septic tanks claims that aver)'nominal additional load is placed onthe septic tank with the use of thefood waste disposer.

Question: Can an automatic clotheswashing machine he added 1,0 lhe or­dinal)' plumbing system?

It is not adviS:lble. The drain sys·tem is seldom designed to satisfy therapid flow of a clothes ,\'ashing devicewhich pumps water at the rate of25-40 gallons per minute. Water islikely to ftow back. into the tub orinto the kimchen sink. i\ot only that,the water suppl} is quite inadequateas most mobilehomes are connectedtoday.

Question: Is lbe park itseU ever atfault?

Indeed it is! "Do It YourseIr' parl:.~

mig-ht have been constructed by indiovitluab who were not aware of theproblems in construction and lhe la}'.ing of the sewer lines could have beenirregular or possibly did not haveproper backfill; thus shifts are catlsedin the soil and the grade of the seweris maladjusted causing a ftow restric­tion or an air lock_

Refrigeration

By Norge Sales Corp.

Question: \Vhat is the proper set­ting for the cold-control dial?

Gcnerally speaking, the cold controlshould he SC[ at the mid-position be­tween the coldest alld warmest set­tings. Thc adjustment is provided sothat the user can vary the cabinettemperature to suit individual desires.

Question: \\'hat causes a refrigera­tor to "sweat" in the inside duringhot, humid weather?

The general answer La this ques­Lion is high relative humidity. 1\Iorespecifically. however, condensation,(commonly referred to as "sweating")011 the inncr surfaces of a refrigeratorcan be the result of several differentfactors:

1. Prolonged door openings duringperiods of high relative humidity ofthe atmosphere and high room tem­perature. ,"\Then moisture laden airHrikes a cold surface, the moisturecondenses out of the air and collectsin the form of droplers in the samemanner as "sweat" forms on the outersurface of a glass of ice water on awarm humid day.

2. Too infrequent defrosting of theevaporator. \Vhen frost of more than~" in thickness is allowed to rollef:ton the evaporator surface, the heatabsorbing ability of the evaporator isimpaired, due to the insulating eifectof the frost. Also, a thick blanket offrost on the evaporator surface willretard air circulation around the evap­orator. This results in less moisturebeing removed from lhe air in therefrigerator and more condensationwill collect on the cool surfaces of thecabinet walls.

3. A poor door seal: If there are

even minute openings between thedoor g-asket and the front mrface ofthe cahinet, with the door dosed andopera ling in high relative humidity,the leakage of moisture-laden air intothe cabinet will be sufficient to came"sweating" of the cahinet interior.

Question: How often is it necessaryto ddrost the refrig:erator?

\'Vhen the frost builds up on the

evaporator to a thickness greater thanYIn, it is time to defrost. The reasonis that frost consists of minute icecrystals in which air is trapped. Thi.~

air aets as a verv effective insulatoragainst heat pen~tration. Therefore.as the frost builds up Oil the evapor­ator the cabinet tcmperature risesand other complications may enter,such as excessive condensation wilhinthe cabinet.

Question: 'Vhat causes the motoroverload protector to trip on occa­sion at the start of the running cycle?

This tripping of the motor overloadprotector is generally due to insuffi­cient power of the motor to start thecompressor agaimt thc imposed load.Some o( the causes are:

I. Pulling the service cord fromthe wall outlet, when the compressoris running-, and then attempting to re­start the mechallisill before the pres­sures within the system have had timeto balance. Usually it requires 5 to(j minutes time for the gas pressuresto balance after the compressor isstopped.

2. The inlet, or electric servicewire, to lhe mobilehome is of insuffi­cient size to carry the load of theappliances being used. At <lnytimethe voltage at the electric wall outlet

to the refrigerator drops below 10-1volts, lripping of the overload is aptto result at the slart of each cyde.

3. Improperly adjusted cold COll­

trol. If due to a malfullction of therold control, the "ofT" time of the reofrigerator is less than (j minutes trip·ping of the overload is apt to resultwhen the motor compressor attemptsto st<l rl.

4. Improper air circulation aroundthe cabinet. If the refrigerator is in­stalled illlO a lllobilehome withoutsufficiellt air circulation underneath,at the back and at the top, it is pos­sible for the temperature of the motor­comprcssor and condenser to rise toa poinl where the overload protectorwill trip.

5. Il is of course possible to havea malfunction in the motor-compres­sor that would cause the overload pro­tector to trip. :\ bad relay or themotor overload protector itself couldhe faulty, causing it to trip. Each casemust he cardully checked to deter·mine the exact nature of the dilliculty.When replacing inoperative overloadprotectors always lise the manufac­turer's recommemJatiolls for replace­ments.

Question: How docs a CUSlomer ob­tain sl:n'ice on a refrigerator whendifficulties arise?

They only have to refer to theyellow pages of the phone book andcall the nearest dealer for the makeof refrigerator ill question. If thedealer is unable to render service,then, reier to the list of distributorsprinted on the back of the warrantycertificate, which is furnished witheach refrigcrator. A calllo the nearestdistributor will assure prompt service.

35

AUTOMATIC

ELECTRIC

WATER

HEATERS

DOUBLE

MODEL

'"n.

CAPACITY

3'12 Gal.WATTS

'000Tooo

VOLTS

'"115

SIZE IN INCHES

12Sqx13H

135 X 14V2 H

FAST RECOVERY

ELEMENT

2450 W STADIUM BLVD.ANN AR&OP, .MlCMIG"N

JlR()DV~TS ~().

12Sqx22H13Sqx27H

13Sqx41H

SIZE IN INCHES

115

115115

VOUSTOOO

'0001500

WATTS

33 .. 13.13H41x13.13H

SIZE IN INCHES

27,,13,,13H

6V2 GIl.12 G,I.

20 G.1.

CAPACITY

115

115

VOLTS

115

".212

'"

MODEL

WATTS1000-20001000.2000

1000_200015 G.1.20 Gal.

CAPACITY12 G.I.

'".30

MODEL

'"

Payne's Sturdy Galvanized Tank,

are available

Blue·Fired Glass Lining

is available

on all heaters

with a 5 year Guarantee.

with a 1 year Guarantee.

P..yne's New

ORIG'NATORS OF fNVECTION HEATING

$6

Electric Water

By Payne Products

Heaters

Question: A customer has com·plained that his electricity bill is muchtoo high. He has checked everythingelse and bas found nOlhing wrong. Ishis elccnic water heater to blame?

Look for possible trouble hy check­ing the polarization of the wiring-, thepipe "tee" installation, electrical con­tinuity, manual wall switches andlow or falling water pressure.

Question: The unit appears to befunctioning properly bUI why doesn'tit keep the water hot?

Check the polarization of wiring,the position of the heater ami theelectrical continuity.

Question: For some reason there ishm water in the cold water line.\Vhat's the cause?

Take a look at the pipe "tee" install­ation, check [or high thermostat set­ting and low or falling water pres­sure.

Question: Heating elements haveburned out in the unit. Why?

Check polarization of wiring, theposition of the heater, electrical con­tinuity. Also look for leaks, examinethe tank for deformities. Go over theheating elements to see if they areloose,

Question: Why is the tank leaking?Correct polarization of wiring will

remcdy this difficulty in nine out often cases, If this doesn't correct theproblem then a glass-lined tank withcorrect polarization of wiring willtake care of it.

Question: The trouble report statesthat the heater isn't working properly.Sometimes a guess is made as to thereasoD; other times the customer does­n't know. \Vhat is the trouble?

1£ the instructions listed below are[ollO\~'ed properly, they will revealand correer almost any trouble,POLARIZATIO~ OF WIRING­

The "hot" wire must always go directfrom the source of the electric po.....erto the terminal of the thermostat. The"ground" or "neutral" wire must~EVER bc connected directly to thethermostat.

I~IPE "TEE" INSTALLt\.TION­The side outlet of the pipe "tec" mustalways he connected to the cold waterinlet of the water heater.

HEATER POSITION-Detenninethe type of heater involved. 1£ it isa vertical water heater it 11UST beinstalled in a vertical position. 1£ theunit is of the horizontal type it MUSTbe installed in a horizontal position.

NOT E5

Above all, no heater ever should beinstalled upside down.

ELECTRICAL CONTINUITY ­First take a look at the electric cur­rent available. :\Iake certain that itis of the proper voltage needed by theheater. Then check to see that theproper amount of current at the cor­rect voltage flows while the unit isheating, Be sure the current flowsthrough the heating element; if itdoesn't, make an examination to seeif the heating element needs replac­ing, If the current Haws through theheating- clement but does not gothrough the heating element and thethermostat, then the thermostat maybe in need of adjustment or in somecases, replacement. 1£ current fiowsthrough the heating" dement and thethermostat but not through the heat­ing element, thermostat and the hi­limit switch, the hi-limit switch mayneed reSCUing or replacement.

MANUAL WALL SWITCHES­No automatic watcr heater evershould be LUrned on and alI by meansof a manual switch, If this is the waythe unit operates, then there is some­thing radically wrong with the instal­lation. The manual switch is to beused O~LY when the heater isdrained and left out of service forlengthy periods of time.

37

SERVICE-PROTECTED BY

FACTORY-TRA NEREADY TO SERVICE PH Leo

PHILCO -FITS!Now ot last, offer your customers a brond-new

sales feature in a mobile home ... 8o,h aulo·

matic washer and dryer in the spoee of (I wosher

alone. The new Philco-Bendil( "Duomolic" Com­

bination Wosher-Dryer is only 263A" wide.

It is designed so Ihol 95% of all service con

be accomplished with no need to move the

unit away from the watt.

PECIALIS SMOBILE HOMES I

38

PHILCO PREDICTA TVTelevision for the "space" age!

Another outstanding soles feature from Philco.

For the first time in history, the picture con be

instolled wherever you wonl it. The separate

tube may be mounted on console, foble top, on

wall or completely built-in_wilh the controls in (I

stationary choir-side cobinet. Allows new luxury

in mobile homes ... available 0Il1y from PhiJco.

FREE SERVICE FOR MOBILE HOME OWNERS

Over 35,000 independent professional technicians,members of "Philco Factory-Supervised Service", aPhilco-sponsored nationwide organization, are ready toservice Philco products sold to manufacturers of mobilehomes. In addition to the protection offered by thePhilco Warranty on parts, Philco Corporation guar­antees free service labor to the mobile home ownerduring the warranty period of the specific parts involved.

For Additional Informatioo Write to

PHILCO CORPORAliON

Special Sal,,! Department, Philadelphia 34, Po.

Look Ahead ••• and you'll choose PH I LCOe

Laundry Equipment

By Philco Corp.

In order to assure satisfactory opel":lting results from an electric combina­tion washer-dryer. there are a numberof imponam questions to be can·sidered concerning the installationand instructions to the customer.

Qucstion: What kind of support isneeded?

The combination washer-dryer mustbe installed on a fmn and stable floor.A weak or unstable floor may causeexcessive vibration-in such cases, theserviceman must he in a position tosuggest corrective measures thatshould be taken to provide the neces­sary Slilbility.

Question: 'Vhat arc the electricalrequirements?

All electric combination washer­dryers arc designed to operate on a120·240 volt. 3-wire service. This mustbe broug:ht to the junction box ofthe machine and should be connectedin accordance with local anti nationalelc<:U'ical codes.

The unit must be operated on aseparate circuit-remember, overload­ed circuits calise voltage drop-withboth hot lines protected with ade­quate amperage fuses as recommendedby the manufacturer. If plug type fusesare used, the fuse receptacle must bemade of brass rather than aluminum.ElectriClI! connections must be madeby an approved electrician (in accord­ance with local and national codes)_

Qucstion: What kind of wiring isneeded?

A combination draws a heavy watt­age load, and voltage drop in the lineis a serious handicap to efficient oper­ation. Therefore, the wiring shouldalways be enough to deliver the neces­sary current with no appreciable volt­age drop. In no instance should wiresmaller than a No. 10 size be used.Recommended wire sizes are as fol·lows: 0 to 60 ft., No. 10 wire-60 to 100

ft., :'\0. 8 wire-and over 100 ft., No.6 wire.

In some areas it is permissable touse a 30-amp., 3-wire appliance cordwith a suitable receptacle. In othercases, conduit or iron cable may beused. Again, all wiring must be donein accordance with local and nationalcodes, by qualified personnel. It is ofupmost imporlance that all combina­tion washer installatiom be properlygrounded, and, in accordance withlocal and national codes.

Question: What are the plumbingrequirements?

For the hot and cold water required,two lhreaded "garden hose type" fau­celS-one [or the hOl and the other forthe cold water supply-should be with­in the length of the hoses suppliedby the spet:ific washer-dryer manufac­turer.

Since a combination washeNlq'erdi.'>Chargcs water at a fast rate (to in­sure proper rinsing), <Ill adequatedrain must be provided. Standpipeswhen used should be at least 2 inchesin diameter and should extend abovethe drain trap at least 20 inches. Insome cases it may be necessary to draininto a sink; this is satisfactOry if thedrain water is carried off fast enough.Drain facilities should be wilhin thereach of the drain hose supplied bythe manufacturer.

Question: '''hat installation checksshould be made?

I. Check all the hose connectionsamI gasket areas for water leaks; alsoinspect the spray noale during the"fill" period to be sure there is no"side spray" or water leak.

2. Check the drain to make surethat the drain water is carried offfast enough.

3. Inspect all electrical connections.II. Check the combination for sta­

bility-make sure that it is resting onall four leveling legs and that Lhe

locknuts arc tightened. Also checkto be sure that the machine is le\-el.

5. Run the washer-dryer combina­tion through all its cycles 'Illd observeif all the operatiollS arc correct andall the controls and operating partsare functioning" properly.

Question: What instructions shouldthe customer receive?

Remember, the installation is nOtcomplete ulltil the customer thorough­I)' understands the operation and thecare of the product. The instructionsare usually spelled out in great detailin the Users' Booklet which is nor­mally supplied by the manufacturerwith each combinatioll washer-dryer.However, this is not sufficient in manycases and should be elaborated on bythe serviceman or the home demon­strator.

It is important that the followingpoinb be stressed: the importance offilling out the warranty registrationcard and mailing it to the manu­farturer promptly. This is importantto assure future service and parts, ifneeded. Explain the terms underwhich the washer is warranted, servicepolicy, etc. As for operating instruc­tions, advh.e the customers of theproper load limit, the proper amountof soap or detergent, the use ofbleaches ;'Iud rinse conditioners, thedistribution of wash in the wash tub.the funClion of the various "wash"controls and "dry" controls. Jl is alsosuggested thal the circuit breakerlocation he pointed out to the cus­tomer and its function completely ex­plained.

All of the elemems discussed hereare importalll for vcr)' good reasons.First of all, the number of problemsthat could arise are kept at a mini­mum when the product is properlyinstalled and properly understood.And, the all-important customer willget a maximum performance and satis­faction from the product.

39

40

from

SILVERCOTE®foremost name in mobilehome insulation

NEW

SILVERCEL

PINK

BATTS

. the blanket

of comfort

for mobilehomes

Silvercote makes another contribution to the comfort of Mobile Horneowners, with new Silvercel Pink Batts-a highly efficient combinationof glass-fiber and Silvercote reflective surface. New Silvercel Batts aremoisture-resistant, vermin-proof and odorless ... will not sag, shakedown, or dust in transit.

Also, there are three other types of Silvercote insulation. SilvercoteSimplex-one coat of Kraft paper, with a coating of polished aluminumon both sides. Siluercote Dupkx-two sheets of Kraft paper, coated withpolished aluminum. bonded together with asphalt. SiluercoteReflective Sheathing Liner-one sheet of heavy Kraft paper coated withpolished aluminum on one side. Used with new Silvercel Pink Batta.these keep mobilehomes warmer in winter, as much 3S 150 coolerin summer.

Always insist on Silvercote insulating materials-that ma~e mobile-homes more liveable-and more saleable! T. M. Rer. u. s. Pat. ow.

SILVERCOTEPRODUCTS, INC161 E. ERIE STREET' CHICAGO 11, ILLINOIS

By Silvercote Products

QUClllion: What type of insulation1I'ls pr(wed the most effectivc for uscin mobilchomes?

Generally speaking-, the rdleCli\·cimulatiolls !I;lve proved the best. his milch more widely llsed than anyother sin~le type.

Queslion: Is all reAcctivc insulationalike?

Not at 311. There are many \<tria­tions within this one dassifie:'ltion.One leading manufacturer of rellee­ti\'e insulations, for example, manu·f;lcturcrs no less than three differenttypes. This firm re<:ently came OUl

with a new glass fiber type.

Queslion: \Vhat arc the character­istiu; and advant'lgcs o[ lhe reOC<:tiveinsulalions?

All are surprisinp;ly lightweight, easyto handle, and ea~y to instalL Any

workcr who can handle a hammeror a stapler can easily install reflec­tive insuhtions III a mobilehome,The material is simply rolled out tothe desired lenglh, lUt with a knifeor scissors and thell nailed or stapledto the noor, wall or ceiling to be in­slll'llcd.

These reneclive insulations are non­corrosive, mold-resi~tant, and will notillterfere with radio or TV reception.Yet the cost is no more th:ln it fewpennies pCI' square root.

The basic ingredient is .:t hif;'h­quality grade 01' heavy kr<lft paperwhich has becn coated with aluminumparticles. These particles are bondedto the kraft base with a watcrproofadhesive. Then, as the panicles arclmlred and polished, cxcess adhesiveis removed, leaving a smooth, hi~hly

reflective surface lhat repels radiamheal.

Insulation

Question: What arc lhe indi\'idu:'I1diffcrences among reflective insula­tions?

One type is a sillgle .~hcet o[ kr:tftpaper with a coating of polished alu­minum particles on both sides. It i~

a "bre;lther" sheet, meaning Lhat thesheet is porous enough to permit thefreeing' of moisture vapor in the walls.It (an be used between the inner andaliter skins of the Illobilhorne, or inaddition to glass·fibre type insul.:ttionin the ccilingil, Properly inst.:tlled, itcan make a Illobilebome up to 15%cooler during hal weather.

Another type consists of two :.heetsof kraft paper, coated with polished<lluminulll pilrtirles and bonded to­p;ether with asphalt. It has speciallyreinforced nailing and stapling area)to prevent ripping or tearing". Duplexi~ widely recogniled as an eftidentvapor barrier. il can be installedwherever :'I sinKle sheet can be used.In addition, the in~tal1ation of thedouble sheet in mobilehollle floors hasproved to be a valuable vapor barrier,protecting the Hoors from harmfulmildew and moisture damaKe.

Another re/lective sheathing lineris one sheet of heavy kraft paper,cO:lted with polished aluminum parti­cles on olle :.ide, It is a permeablesheet, thus allowing trapped moisturevapor to escape. This insulation llleet.~

all FHA requirements for "breather"type she:uhing for regular houses, aswell as proving equally effective wheninstalled in mohilehomes.

Question: \Vhat are Ihe features ofthe other trpe of insulation?

It is called "pink hatts" and 1T1:lr1;s

another major step forward in lIIobile·home insulation. During the past fewyears, the manufacturer has observedthat a comhination of glass fiber insul·alion and reflective insulation proves

o

to be the most lastingly efTectivc 1lI0­

bilehome insul:'ltioll, It is particularlydesirable, for example, in mobile·homes in which air comlitioning hash(~('n inSlalletl. After considerable re­search, the manufacturer developednew pink bans to be usecl along withits reflective types. Because they aresplln [rom gbss fiber, they are mois­ture resistant, odorless, vermin·proof:lrld will not shake down, dllSt or sagdue 10 vibration in lI':'In:.it.

These Ilew batts control heat flowup and down and all around in anykind of weather. Their conductancevalve equals 0.26 at i5° F mean tem·perature, making thcm twice as effec­tive as m;my other fiber insulationsused in the mobilehome industry.Pink haus arc available in sizes CllS­tom·cut to fit between studs. This,or course, make.s them remarkablyeasy to install, as well tIs holding c1ow;llllanlifacwring COSts. In mobilehoIlleswhich have heen insulated with thesenel\" type baIts along with reflectiveinsulation, inside temperawres havebeen reduccd as much :'IS 10° even 011

the hotte~t days. This means, too,that heat is retained more effectivelyill cold weather, reducing heating('()~ts and adding to the owners' livingcomfort.

Qucslion: Is reflective insulationlong-lasting?

Yes. Even when it has been neees·sary to remove panels from a mobile­home ror repair or replacement, thiskind of insulation found inside hasueell in "good':'Is-new" condition.These insulating products will last aslong as the mobilehomc itself. Smallwonder that lTlore find more mobile·home dealers insist on mobilehomesinsulated throughout wilh reflectiveinsulation.

Carefreedom begins 'ftfith>

trailer brakes they can trust

~..,,~ ....~~.............~ ..........~.......~..... ",

Do you have this newest Warner Electric Brake

Service Manual? .. complete instructions for in­

stallation, maintenance, and repair of Warner

electric brakes and controllers. If you don't

have Service Manual 3203, write today.

ELECTRIC BRAKES

~G.········

_ ...... .

TU , _', ,"

42

WARNER ELliCTRIC BRAKE. CLUTCH co., BELOIT. WISCONSIN

Electric BrakesBy Warner Electric

Question: How does an electricbrake opcrdld

Basically, the electric brake is thesame as an}' other drum-type wheelbrake. That i.., the aClllal braking isaccomplished IJ} forcing br<lke shoesor a brake lJand, lined wilh brakelining, againSt a brake drum. Theprimar) difference then is Ihe methotlby whidl the brake band is forcedagainst the brake drum.

In the electric brake, a magnet andarlllalllre, which is actuated by anelectric current supplied from thebaltery and/or generalor of lhe lOw­ing vehicle, is used to force the br;lkehand against the brake drum. Thearmature is. essentially, a metal dis<:which is bolted to the br..tke drumand rowtes with the wheel.

The magnet is, to say, an annularhorse~hoe. containing a copper coil,,md becomes a magnet only when anelectric current i~ !),1ssed through thecoil. It is lIIoulllCtl OIl the br.tkespider and limited to a small amountof rotation in either direction. Whenthe maf:,'llet coil is energi7ed, ule mag:­net and armature are magneticallycoupled. Since the amlature is TOlat­ing with the wheel, it tends to roullethe magnet with il. The rotation ofthe magnet, which bears eidler direct­ly agaimt the band end or indire<:tlythrough a cam. forces the brake hand;Jgainst the brake drum. The amOUlltof force applied to the ban~1 end iscontrolled by tbe ;JIIlOlJlll of rurrelllwhich is metered to the magnet coilby the electril brake controller; jmtas the amount of force applied to thebrake shoes in an automobile brakeis controlled by the force with whichwe pr~s on the brake pedal.

Question: What type of electricbrake comrol is rcmmmended?

All wheel brakes are designed toHOp onl)' thai portion of the totalvehicle "'eight carried b) the ""heelwithin which it is located. Therefore,it is essential that a brake ~ mountedin eaclt wheel and that all brakeson both towing and trailing vehiclesbe used all all normal brake applica­tions. Thus, a hydraulic-electric con·troUer, which will apply electric trail­er bl"akes whenever the brake pedalon the towing vehicle is depressed,would be desirable.

In Ihe past, halld-uperated electricbrake controllers hale scrved wcll,bm it required that the dri,'cr re­mo\'e a hand from the steering whet"1in order to api'I)' both car and tr<lilcrbrakes together. The band controlleris. howe\'er, still a d~ir.tble featuresince it affords ;tIl emergency trailerhrake application in lhe e\oem ofhrake failure on the towinl{ vehideand is also heneficial in negotiatingcurves and straightcning the train onslippery surfaces.

Question: Can ek-<:tric brakes beused for parking?

The electric br.. ke call be used [orparking if these precautions are ob­ser,·ed. First, the brake controller..holiid be full all or a simple on-olfswitch which by-pa...~e~ the COlllrollcrshould be used. This is to prC\'cntdamal{e to the resistance element ofthe electric brake controller. Second,no unit should be p<lrked ming onlythe electric brakes £01' an extendCtlperiod \,'here there is danger of drain·ing the bauery and thm releasin~ thebrakes. It is bettel to dlOCk thewheels.

Question: How should m)' mobile­home be wired with a l"'e!ve-voh sys­lem and will lwclve volts dam;lgc thebrakes?

Since all dcrtric brake~ are designed10 operaLe at peak emciency on sixvolts. the problem is what to do witha twelve volt system ha~ hecome moreand morc promincnt. It is also truethat the mohilehome manufactureris faced with a wiring problem sincehe does not know the eventual owner.Thus, nearly allmobilehomes havc thebrakes wired in parallel so that theymay be towed by vehides ha\'ingeither six or twehe ,olt S)Slems.

One of the accepted methods usedon tweh'e ,olt S)StelllS is to use anexternal resi!.tor on the towing vehi­cle in series with the brake controller10 reduce the vol1.1ge lO a maximumor six \otlS at the hrah.... This resistorwill be different £01' single, tandemand triple axle trailers. It also meansthat the mobilehome may be towedby any vehiclc.

On multiple axle Illohilehomeswhich <Ire connected to twelve volt

s)stcm, tile hrakes on each axle mayOe connected in series with the axlesconnected in parallel. With thi,method or coach wiring no externalresislor is nece'is,1ry; but the unit can­not he to\\oo with a six \'olt system.On light, single axle mobilehome'i, itis still considcl'ed best to wire thebr;:.kcs in parallel and use an externalresistor to mainlain controllability.

Tapping a twelve volt bauery (orsix volts would destroy the batterygllar;m[(.~. If properly done, it hasproved sllccessful; but is not reCOlll­mended.

Question: Why docs brake liningwear unevenly and why do the brakeslose l)Qwer on a long hill?

The pattern will differ dependingupon the cOllstruction or the brake;brake lining seldom wears evenly overthe full lining area. This is due tothe differences in pressure betweenlining and drum at the heel, toe andintermediate points on the brakc handor shoe. This une\'en pressure is oftentimes 1),1niall) counteracted by mingvariOll5 lilling combinations.

Brakt.'S often appear to lose powerwhen negotiating a long hill due tolilling heat fade. Since all of the heat~enerated during it brake applicationmust he dissipated by the brake drum,extreme lemperatures at the surface o(lhe lining alld urum can be developed.)\[ost all lining will faue somewherebelwcen 100 0 ;lIld 7500 F. and it bnol at all uncommon to experienceheal fade all long hills. lIowever.lhere are some things which can bewatched to prevelH excessive tempcra­tures. The first is overloading a brakeb)' either exce-si\'e weight or by notusing all brakes on each brake appli­cation. A second is to negoliate hillsholding a light brake application andshifting down instead of pumping thebrakes. The intervals between appli­cations are not long enough to pennitdrulII cooling and pumping action re­sults in harder applications whichdevelop higher temperatures than alight steady application.

,.\ rcminder when br<lkcs are re­lined: l'se the lining recommendedby the hrake manufacturer becauseits ch;JT:lcteristics arc a principal factorin the torque developed by the brake.