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11Service Architectures and
Platforms
Mobile Network Evolution to NGN
Dr. Nat NatarajanFellow of the Technical Staff
Motorola Inc.Global Telecom Solutions Sector
1501 W. Shure DriveArlington Heights, IL 60004, USA
ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE & Baltic States, Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3 December 2003
2ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Outline
• Abstract• Introduction• Requirements and Characteristics• NGN Enabling Technologies• Convergence as a key theme • Converged Services• Conclusions
3ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Abstract (1/2)
o The emergence of Next Generation Networks will usher in era offering a wide range of services delivered over an integrated combination of diversified, heterogeneous access networks
o Users of a NGN will have access to a wide range of devices(with varying capabilities, such as phone, PDA, laptop and embedded wireless devices)
o They will find themselves with a need to communicate in a variety of environments (e.g., home, enterprise, fixed or mobilehotspots and automobiles).
o Successful evolution to a NGN will be enabled by the introduction of advanced network and service capabilities that will contribute to end user satisfaction as well as profitable business operations for carriers.
4ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Abstract (2/2)
o For pragmatic reasons, carriers may consider a roadmap to evolve toward a NGN architecture by overlaying key technology elements of the NGN on their existing network investments and infrastructures.
o As the evolutionary path to NGN is undertaken, it is essential to ensure users have a consistent, predictable experience under all circumstances.
o This will require the targeting (or retargeting) of informationcontent for seamless service delivery to users taking into account the specifics of device, network, application, user preference and other factors into account.
o We will present a vision of converged network and services expected in a NGN and a plausible path to realizing the vision.
5ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Introductiono Traditional definition is based on a sequence of generations
1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.X G 4G 5G (CDMA2000, W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, …) ( 1X-EVDO, 1X-EVDV, HSDPA/HSUPA, …)
o New 4G air-interfaces are targeting higher spectral efficiency • Higher peak and average bit rates per user • Different proposals based on OFDM, MC-CDMA, FDMA, TDMA or
combinations are being pursued by various groups
0.1Data Rate (Mbps)
1
Mob
ility
10 100
Stat
iona
ry
Ped
estr
ian
Ve
hicu
lar
3G
Wireless Access
WirelessLAN
4G5G
2.5G3G
Wireless Access
WirelessLAN
4G5G
2.5GBeyond-3G
6ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Introductiono Generation gap in current mobile systems
Monolithic system designDifficult and expensive system evolutionFocus on killer applications instead of applications ecosystem
o NGN includes a variety of technology enablers at higher layers of protocol stack (including network, services and applications)
Scope is broader than implied by the classical definition of mobile generations based on the peak data rates enabled on the uplink and downlink directions and a number of quantifiable physical performance characteristics.Probably no universally accepted definition of a mobile generation when characteristics beyond the air-interface are considered.
o High-level requirements and some of the critical enabling technologies for NGN are considered
7ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Some Requirements and Characteristics1. Integrated Support for a Diverse Set of:
Radio Access Technologies (including High speed Wireless LAN (>100 Mbps), evolution of 3G air interfaces and new 4G air interfaces) andWireline / Fixed Access Technologies for stationary or nomadic users
2. Moving Networks (closed group of users moving collectively with respect to a fixed network)
3. Support for Ad-hoc Networks4. Advanced Mobility Management5. End-to-End Quality of Service 6. Enablers for Rapid Service Creation and Deployment7. Soft-switch enabled deployment flexibility8. Seamless Support across a variety of access networks, device types and media forms9. Migration from & backward compatibility with legacy systems10. Flexible network management (including auto-configuration)11. Network security12. Flexibility for advanced billing and charging capabilities13. Ubiquitous coverage and availability of service14. Reliability, serviceability and availability and managed IP-based architectures15. Personalization of the content and service, which adapts to the user needs and
preferences, the device and the environment; contextual cues (location, time, proximity and presence)
16. Person-to-person, person-to-machine and machine-to-machine communicationsNGN capabilities will be evolutionary
8ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Multiple Access Networks
Wide area cellular choices:- W-CDMA- IS-2000 (1X and beyond)- TD-SCDMA- Evolving B3G / 4G AI
- 802.16e- 802.20
Access Independent IP Core Network that:• Is Managed• Is Mobility Enabled • Supports QoS and AAA
Wireless LAN (e.g., 802.11a/b/g/n orHiperLAN2 or HiSWANa)
R R
R
R
R
+Alternate Wired (DSL, Cable) or Wireless Access Networks (Bluetooth, WPAN 802.15, HiperMAN / Wireless MAN 802.16/.16a, …)
RR
RAN access only
Can have dual access - RAN or WLAN
WLAN access only
Ethernetsegment
Can have WLAN and Ethernet access
Ethernet access only
System enables the bestchoice of access networkas user moves in different access environments.
BS
BS BSBS AP APAP AP
As the mobile station moves, different access network choices become available
Mobile StationsWith multiple access interfaces
MovingNetwork Ad-hoc
Network
MR
9ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
VehicularNetwork
3G
WLAN
DVB-TMobilerouter
Moving NetworksVehicular network with IPv6 mobility
A moving network in a car or vehicle with mobile router, moving between 3G, WLAN and DVB-T
• Moving network– Composed of a Mobile Router (MR) and its attached IP-subnet(s)– Changes its topological point of attachment to the IP infrastructure via the MR
• Scenarios– PAN/LAN inside the vehicle - IP connectivity to attached electronic gadgets via a MR in the vehicle– Vehicular network: A MR in the vehicle, providing IP connectivity to the wide area Internet and beyond
ExampleOverDRiVE EU FP5 Project
10ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
2G site3G site WLAN sites
Local network Remote network
•Move from circuit to packet – need comparable guarantees
End-to-End Quality of ServiceKey Challenges to Service Provisioning
•Multiple services support –widely different QoS needs
•Multiple access technologies –need to adjust to widely different bandwidths
•Mobility between access points –need to maintain QoS when handover
•Scarce wireless bandwidth – need to maximize efficiency
•Large networks –need solution scalability within network
•Multiple administrative domains – need to coordinate for E2E QoS
Access Routers
Border Routers
11ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
End-to-End Quality of ServiceComponents of a solution required for Converged Services
QoS Agent (QA) in Mobile Node• Provides QoS services to Application• QoS Profiles bound to application• Access Signaling with AR
QoS Manager (QM) in Access Router• Provides QoS services at network edge • Access Signaling with QoS Agent in Mobile• Policy signaling with QoS Server in Network
Access signaling
Policy signaling
Data
QoS Server (QS) in Network Domain• Provides QoS services within network• Uses QoS Profiles to determine allocations• Policy Signaling with Access, Border Routers
Inter-domain signaling
12ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
End-to-End Quality of Service
o QoS Server - coordinated admission and allocation decisionsOptimum allocations maximize air link efficiency, minimize blockingEnables QoS over handover
o QoS Profiles - optimized allocations that maximize user satisfactionUser needs versus available bandwidth tradeoffs
o Architecture allows per-flow QoS over air and scalable QoS within backbone
o Based on optimized adaptive allocation and marking algorithmso Advanced QoS Architecture supports priority, preemption,
multimedia dispatch
13ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Soft-switches are providing increased deployment flexibility for an NGN
IP
Media Gateway
Media Gateway
Control Switch
Distributed Media Gateways
TDM (CCS/CAS 64K trunks)IP (RTP/UDP/IP)
TDMATMIP
TDMATMIP
TDMATMIP
Bearer traffic can be handled in the served
markets, reducing operator backhaul costs
Centralized
Distributed in served market
Distributed in served market
14ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Softswitch-based Architecture
CDMA-One/CDMA-2000
IP Backbone
TDM Backbone
IP
MSS SS7
ANSI-41 HLR, AuC, SCP
TDM / ATM
IP
ISUPMSC/PSTN Switch
TDM
TDM
Control Switch
Media Gateway
ALL-IPIP
RANIP
RAN
GSM/GPRS/UMTS
Softswitch
GSM HLR, AuC, SCP
15ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
CDMA-One/CDMA-2000CDMA-One/CDMA-2000
IP Backbone
TDM Backbone
IP
MSS SS7
ANSI-41 HLR, AuC, SCP
TDM / ATM
IP
ISUPMSC/PSTN Switch
TDM
TDM
Control Switch
Media Gateway
ALL-IPIP
RAN
IP
RANIP
RAN
GSM/GPRS/UMTS
Softswitch
GSM HLR, AuC, SCP
PTT with Softswitch
Enterprise with Softswitch
Softswitch-based Architecturewith Value Added Solutions
Enterprise
16ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Seamless Mobile Experience Macro-Vision
Seamless Home NetworkingDevice and services configuration move with user
Common Device Config. & Services Suite
Internet
Seamless ServicesPersistent personal environment
hides heterogeneity and complexity
Home
Vehicle
Provider Network
Workplace
Seamless Mobile CommunicationsConnectivity and Services at work, home, car
Seamless Office EnvironmentContextually aware Info. follows user
17ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
InternetIPv4 IPv6
ISP ISP
WLAN
Enterprise(IPv6)
PublicTransport
PrivateTransport
WLAN
Home(IPv6)
WLAN
WLAN
WPAN
Networking Goals for Seamlessness
• Secure Seamless Mobile Experience with handoffs between:
– Hybrid access networks– Different administrative domains
• Auto-configuration of systems• IPv6 Based unified and enhanced
networking across all user networking environments
• From an user’s perspectiveUnified authentication / security, billing and ease of access to applications from all locations acceptable QoS at all times
DigitalB’casting
WWAN
WLAN
InternetServiceProvider
(IPv6)
18ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Seamless Services: MotivationCurrent: Single Purpose Multi-media– single device (cellphone, TV)– single-purpose (real-time viewing)– single network
Self-Limiting Architecture
Solution
“Middlebox”architecture for dynamic media destination selection,
routing, adaptation
Compelling Applications
MultimediaContent
Network, DeviceUpgrades
Current Mobile Multimedia
Example• Heard this great song on car radio• How do I get it to my home PC, wife’s car radio
Desired: Retargetable Multimedia– Route around disconnect islands– Media flows to devices, networks that
reach the user– Pervasive Service Reachability
19ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
General NGN expectations
o A NGN user will have access to:
Multiple devices (with varying capabilities) such as mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, appliances, sensors, etc.Multiple radio access networks (WLAN, cellular, bluetooth, wired choices)Multiple media types (voice, data, video, text, high-fi voice and video, etc).NGN must provide automatic and adaptive support for seamless transition from one set of choices to another with no explicit user action and no perceived disruption of service.
o The NGN middleware is expected to provide the required intelligence
o The needed software will lie between applications and transport protocol used by communication session and provide the necessarymechanisms for delivery of content to user in a manner consistent with the particular network and device that is the best choice in a given context.
20ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Media Server Web Server
CONTENT SERVER
B3G Middleware
CellularCellular
WLANWLAN
As the mobile user moves he has access to different client devices and radio access networks. The network middleware adapts content for a given environment.
NGN Middleware
Media Server Web Server
21ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Converged Services with Multi-Device Media Delivery
Seamless Services Platform• Enable richer mobile services• Dynamic assembly of device ensembles,
can span multiple user spaces• Content optimization based on user preferences
– Device capability– Split Media streams
• Media streams follow user• Integrated presence detection (Bluetooth)
Session Orchestrator
Device Service Mgr
HTTP proxy RTP proxy
User Preference Manager
Personal
OfficeHome
CarrierContent Server
NGN Middleware Server
API to Remote
Transcoders
3rd PartyContent Server
Home-Based Content Server
22ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
• Current architecture needs to evolve to meet business requirements to pursue horizontal and vertical integration with a cost-effective and differentiated service offerings
• Carriers should consider a roadmap to a Next Generation Network (NGN) Architecture by overlaying key technology elements of the NGN on their existing network investments and infrastructure
• Evolutionary steps toward NGN likely to be carrier specific and based on a subset of component NGN enabling technologies
Convergence
A recurring theme in Next Generation Network Systems
Why Convergence?
23ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Increase Overall Spend In
Served Domains?
Defend Against
Competition?
Increase My Share
Of Consumer Spending On My
Services?
Service Provider Challenge
€€€€€€€€
Competition For Consumer Share Of Wallet
Operator Operator Challenge: Challenge: How do I…How do I…
GROW THE GROW THE AVAILABLE AVAILABLE
MARKETMARKET
GROW GROW SHARE OF SHARE OF WALLETWALLET
MobileMobile
FixedFixed InternetInternet
TVTV
CableCable ContentContent
MediaMedia
CREATE CREATE ‘STICKINESS’‘STICKINESS’
24ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Network Convergence
WLAN/WAN Convergence
25ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Mobility Manager
Enterprise Seamless Mobility Solution
26ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Seamless Mobility with an Integrated WLAN/Cellular System Exploiting WLAN/WAN Convergence
Seamless Handoff
Enterprise
Service Provider
Network Convergence
27ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Legacy fixed, mobile and data systems can migrate toward a Fixed Mobile Convergence Vision
TYPICAL ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH
PSTN
DSL
HOME
GSM / UMTS
MOVE WIRELESS ACCESS INTO THE HOMELEVERAGE COMMON CORE
HOMEDSL
Broadband IP Network
Media Media GatewaysGateways PSTN
Internet
Wireless Wireless Packet Packet
CoreCore
KEY ENABLER
Home BTS to provide access to DSL via wireless and fixed optionsAppropriate Access Devices
Fixed Mobile Convergence
28ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
DHCP / Radius / DNS Services
Media Gateway
Switching Office
Soft Switch
UHLR
ADSL Router / WLAN Access Point
Dual Mode PhoneWLAN / GSM
Home
Broadband Network
PSTN
IP Network
SS7
GW
Carrier Hosted Seamless Mobility Solution
EnterpriseFirewall
Corporate Network
802.11
SS7
Cellular Networks
Network Convergence
WLAN is key to a Home / Work convergence with a carrier hosted seamless mobility solution
29ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Common End-User Services
Voice, Messaging, Push-To-Talk, Video, Web Services, Location Services, Content Storageat Wireline-Like Cost and Desktop-Like User Experience
ContentContentProvidersProvidersContentContent
ProvidersProvidersContentContentProvidersProviders
NetworkNetworkManagementManagement BroadbandBroadband
IP NetworkIP Network
Subs Subs DatabaseDatabase
RoutersRouters
PSTNPSTNGatewaysGateways
InternetInternet
ApplicationApplicationDevelopersDevelopersApplicationApplication
DevelopersDevelopersApplicationApplicationDevelopersDevelopers
Public SafetyPublic SafetyGatewaysGateways
PTTPTTServerServer
MiddlewareMiddleware
SoftSwitchSoftSwitch
IP BasedPBX
TerminalsIP Phone, Web Phone
ResidentialWireless
Wireless AccessWireless Access Wireline AccessWireline Access
Residential Gateway
Access TechnologiesAccess Technologies
DSLDSLCableCable
WirelessWireless
Converged Services Network Vision
Automobile Home EnterpriseHot SpotsNomadic
Public Safety
Communication Domains
Seamless mobile experience and reachabilityeverywhere will be essential in a next generationconverged network
30ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,
Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003
Conclusions
• Many component technologies exist and/or likely in the near futureo Multiple access technologies promoting increased reachability via multiple wireless
and/or wired accesso Network seamlessness provides for mobility across a range of environments, such as,
home, vehicle, enterprise, outdoors, etc.o Services mobility of application/service with intelligent orchestration:
• Across multiple available networks• Adapting to environment and context
o Device seamlessness providing retargetable user experience to multiple devices• Services, content adapt to available User Interface
o Seamless administration / billing• Operator – Rapid deployment, self configuration and management• End User – Single bill with multiple profiles (work, leisure)
• Recommended target goals for NGN include:Creation of a seamless mobile experience for end usersEnabler of profitable service offerings by operators
• NGN is evolutionary and happening now ushering in an exciting new world of communications