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8/10/2019 Mobile Media and Everyday Life 2014
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Mobile Media and
Everyday Life
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Introduction
Martin Cooper, the inventor ofthe first mobile phone
often referred as the brick the first call on a handheld
mobile telephone in April 1973
but the invention did not takeoff commercially until the 1980s
mobile phone was reserved onlyfor the rich and/or the busybusinessman
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mobile phone revolutionary idea provides a means by which people can
communicate with one another regardlessof their geographical location
along with wireless internet, MP3 players,
mobile games consoles, digital cameras,GPS they represent a new and in someways radical feature of new media:portability
Introduction
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Mapping mobile media
much of the power of these mobile mediadepends on their diffusion: the more
diffuse they are the more their usabilityincreases
as different networks of users emerge,
the uses and advantages of these mobilemedia increases
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Mobile phone
in 1956, Sweden Telesoniera andEricsson created the first fully automatic
mobile phone system, allowing calls bemade and received in a car, while usingthe public network telephone system
+40 kilos!
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Development of mobile phone
typically discussed in terms of differencegeneration: 1G, 2G and 3G
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1G is the first generation ofmobile phones using analoguetechnology
-using radio wave -1977, AT&T received a license
from the FederalCommunications Committee
(FCC) to start building a cellularnetwork in the USA by 1981 Sweden already
counted 20,000 mobile phoneusers (Lacohee et al., 2003)
Development of mobile phone
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-In the late 1980s digital system wereincreasingly popular there was a move tocombine mobile phones with digitaltechnology
-this led to the development of the secondgeneration of mobile phones
-2G contents, phone conversations are
digitally encrypted, provides more accuracy,more efficient in power usage, therebyallowing for a smaller batteries
SMS Digitalization led to lowering costs, and
mobile phone soon spread across thepopulation
Development of mobile phone
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3rdgeneration 3G launched in the early 2000 the infrastructure relying on optical fibres
to ensure for more efficient and quickerdata transfer
3G allows for increased speeds and data
capacity, eventually allowing for moreservices such as digital photographs, MP3files, multimedia text messages.
offers innovative design with touch screen
as well as QWERTY keyboards
Development of mobile phone
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4G -Meant to provide quick and easy wireless
access to the internet -as well as services like video streaming -Apple iphone 4G, Samsung Galaxy series
Development of mobile phone
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Progress
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Mobile phone subscriber
-in Europe, subscription in 1999 werecovering about 35% of the population, a
rate which more than trebled by 2008 -the rates above the saturation level of
100% show the so-called double SIMeffects, whereby users own more thanone mobile phone number
-in turn this is attributed to the varioususe of the mobile phone for business and
personal-social purposes
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there is a considerable inequality in thediffusion
the average subscription rate for the wholeworld is placed at 60%
-Europe and CIS have rates of 118% and113% respectively, USA about 88.5%
-Its no surprise Africa have the lowest rates
only 32% -among African countries itself, thedifferences are huge South Africa has arate of 100% while Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea,Ethiopia only about 10%
-Uganda with a penetration of 23% has moremobile than landline phones
Mobile phone subscriber
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at the end of 2007, the least of developedcountries had eight times as many mobile
phones as fixed lines at the same time, the number of fixed
lines in the world has remained frozen at1.2 billion since 2006 and even declinedslightly in 2008 (Smith, 2009)
Mobile phone subscriber
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Stump, Gong and Li (2008), argue thatthe mobile phone digital divide often
reflects a countrys overall wealth,measured in terms of GDP anddevelopment levels.
-as the world is converging, we see the
growth rates of mobile phone subscriptionreach the level of saturation both fordeveloped as well as for developingcountries.
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Mobile music
-more than 30 years ago -1979, Sony Corporation released
the Sony Walkman, a portablecassette player with headphones
-Masaru Ibuka, one of Sonysfounders and a frequent traveler,grew tired of dragging around abulky cassette player
-He asked Sony executives to designan ultra portable player with
headphones -the device was named Walkman,
and proved a huge success: it soldmore than 50,000 in the first twomonths of its release.
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-as technology moved digital replacedthe analogue
-vinyl and cassette give way to compactdisc as storage device
-Sony introduced the Discman
Mobile music
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Mobile music
Pew Internet and American Life Project reports that by 2005, 22 million American
adults, or 11% of the adult populationowned an MP3 player (Rainie, 2005)
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-The next revolution Applelaunched the iPod in October 2001
-iPod had revolutionary design small size with friendly userinterface great storage capacity of5-10GB
-Even with hefty $400 andincompatibility with MicrosoftWindows iPod sold beyondexpectations, revolutionized the wayin which we listen to music.
Mobile music
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Wireless internet
early 20thcenturies, radio were calledwireless
-wireless internet is a way of using radiowaves instead of cables to send and receivedinternet data.
-such waves were used in broadcast media totransmit radio sounds or TV pictures.
-wireless signals are received by a devicecalled router
-the area covered by the router providesinternet access to any computer within this
range and is known as a hotspot
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-wireless networks as a whole arelowering the costs of internet connection
as they do not require expensive networkequipment and cables to be laid out
-lowering the cost of the internet acrossboth richer and poorer countries
Wireless internet
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-countries of the developing world, whichoften lack a telephone cable infrastructure,wireless internet can be the only way inwhich they can have access to the network
-wireless internet diffusion is proportionatelyhigher in the developing world due to severalfactors
-Subramaniam et al. (2006) list lower cost,ease of deployment and reliable substitutefor local communications infrastructures asthree main factors
-do not depend on a tower or otherexpensive device such as satellite.
Wireless internet
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Mobile media: politics and society
are mobile media more or less democraticthan other media?
-what might their contribution to politicsbe?
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Katz and Aakhus (2002) using a termapparatgeist or the spirit of the artefact:
for them, to understand mobile media wemust understand the kind of spirit or
essence the technological artefacts has
Mobile media: politics and society
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Yochai Benkler (2006) open wirelessnetworks alongside other forms of the
new media have opened up newopportunities for the creation andexchange of information, and haveincreased the role of non-market and non-propriety production
Mobile media: politics and society
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-Agar (2003) mobile phone is seen invarious ways: a way of rebuilding
economies in eastern Europe, aninstrument of unification in westernEurope, a fashion statement in Finland orJapan, a mundane means ofcommunication in the USA or an agent ofpolitical change in Philippines
Mobile media: politics and society
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-The use of mobile phones for politicalorganizing and coordination is notorious
-the ousting of Joseph Estrada was largelydue to protests organized and coordinatedthrough SMS messages (Castell et al.,2007)
-Egypt uprising social media revolution
Mobile media: politics and society
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-authorities may seek to control suchorganizing following riots in Greece
(2011-2012), the government made nameregistration for mobiles compulsory
Mobile media: politics and society
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the anonymity of a mobile phone is nolonger possible in this context mobile
phone text messages have also been usedas a form of direct political marketing,targeting prospective voters with directSMS
Mobile media: politics and society
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however, Hands (2010) sees underneath itall, one can see the maximization of profit
-sometimes, the advertisers successfullyutilize such movement for marketingpurpose
Mobile media: politics and society
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Witness..
digital camera, often embedded in mobilephones have also fed into this articulation
of mobility and politics. -widely known political use of digital
cameras is that of witnessing
-people record events and post it online
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overall, while formal political remainshierarchical and closed as always, its
mediation, or the ways in which weacquire information and form opinionsabout politics, can be seen asdemocratized in the sense that it is no
longer exclusive monopoly of mainstreammedia, but is shared by citizens
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Individualism..
Mobile media contribute to the rise of apersonal communication society
(Campbell & Park, 2008) Castells et al. put it a strengthening of
the culture of individualism
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Cultural creativity
In cultural terms mobile media lead to arenewed cultural creativity storing
cultural out put such as music, videoblog,etc
play music instrument using phone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19KBAcJ53akhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19KBAcJ53ak8/10/2019 Mobile Media and Everyday Life 2014
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Detachment
mobile media allows us to completelydetach ourselves from locals and
communicate at will and across differentlocalities
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Notion of time
communication is no longer limited tocertain times, but as with other new
media it can take place on a 24/7 basis notion of timeless time time no longer
divided into personal, work-related,leisure and so on; we get in touchwhenever we want
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New rules
given rise to new set of ethics, rules andregulation
switch off phone when on a plane, switchoff phone during lecture, etc.
new set of excuses my battery is low,no signal
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Language
changes in language emergence ofshort-formed terms gtg, lol, etc
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Identity formation
identity formation customized mobileskins, applications, ringtones etc
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Conclusion
mobile media must be seen as firmlyembedded in our lives
they transformed the way in which weunderstand space, allowing us tocommunicate with others regardless ofwhere we are
does it offer us contentment/happiness?