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Mobile Broadband Solutions Today and Tomorrow
Dr. Ravi KalavakuntaDirector, Corporate Marketing
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Agenda
• Mobile Broadband Trends and Evolution
• Technologies: Today and Tomorrow– 3GPP2 Roadmap: EVDO Rev A, Rev B, UMB– 3GPP Roadmap: HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE
• Comparisons
• Conclusions
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• Convergence of Communication, Computing & CE Platforms
• Multi-mode Devices Connect to Various Access Networks
–Service Requirements, Availability, Cost …
Mobile Device EvolutionMobile Device Evolution
• User Behaviors Trend from Wired to Wireless
• Same Rich IP Apps and Services in all Environments
–Ubiquitous & Consistent Experience Desired
Network EvolutionNetwork Evolution
• All-IP Network For Fixed-Mobile Convergence (VoIP & data)
• Co-existence of Different Access Networks for Various Needs
–Coverage, Mobility, Capacity, QoS, Data Rates …
Service EvolutionService Evolution
Wireless Broadband Trends
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Network EvolutionMultiple air interfaces supported with a common allMultiple air interfaces supported with a common all--IP based core networkIP based core network
• Selection of access based on Coverage, Service requirements, Availability, Cost• Full range of devices accessing the same content across different IP networks
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Seamless User Experience
Convergence of Services/Devices• Mobility• Access• Personalization
Mobile Broadband at the center of convergence
2G
Mobile Communication
Information Entertainment/ CE Rich Communication
User Generated Content/ Social Networking
Computing
4G
Phone
3G & Beyond 2G 1G
Mobile Networks Going Broadband
PC
User Generated Content/ Social Networking
Computing Simple Communication
Information Entertainment Rich Communication
Broadband Networks Going Mobile
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Wireless Evolution: Today and Tomorrow The Right Technology for the Right Application
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 +1999
Wide-Area Multicast Technologies
Local-Area Technologies
EV-DOPlatinum Multicast
EV-DOGOLD
WCDMAMBMS
FLO/DVB-H
CDMA CDMA/TDM OFDM OFDMA
MobileWANTechnologies
802.11 n (Full)802.11n802.11a/g802.11b
LTE
EV-DOREV B
EV-DOREV A
EV-DOREL 0
CDMA20001X
UMB1Rev 0FLASH-OFDM
Rev 1FLASH-OFDM (Pre- UMB)
HSPA +Rel-7 (Ph 1) Rel-8 (Ph 2)Rel-5 (HSDPA)
HSPA Rel-6 (HSUPA)Rel-99
WCDMA
1-UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), previously referred to as Rev C LBC
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3GPP2: A Well Established Mobile Broadband Evolution Path
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 +1999
CDMA CDMA/TDM OFDM OFDMA
1 – UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) - Previously referred to as Rev C LBC
2 – Peak rates scalable with number of carriers – standard supports up to 15 carriers. Upper range highlights introduction of 64-QAM (1 RF carrier – 4.9 Mbps peak) 3 – Expected rates for 20 MHz, FDD, 4x4 MIMO
4 – 1.25 MHz option also included in the standard
5 – TDD mode is under discussion
DL: 2.4 Mbps peakUL: 153 kbps peak
– All-IP Services– Broadband
downloads
DL: up to 288 Mbps peak3
UL: up to 75 Mbps peak3DL: 5.3 Mbps peakUL: 1.8 Mbps peak
DL: 3.0 Mbps peakUL: 900 kbps peak
DL: 6.2 – 73.5 Mbps peak2
UL: 3.6 – 27 Mbps peak 2DL: 3.1 Mbps peakUL: 1.8 Mbps peak
– Highly optimized OFDMA solution
– 5-20 MHz carrier bandwidth4
– VoIP– FDD & TDD5 Modes– MIMO & SDMA Support
– K=3 frequency re-use– VoIP
– Optimized OFDMA Solution
– All-IP Services
– Broadband uploads– Low Latency– Advanced QoS – VoIP, PTT an d VT– OFDM Multicast
– Multi-Carrier Rev A– Lower delays and higher data rates– Software Upgrade
EV-DOREV B
EV-DOREV A
EV-DOREL 0
CDMA20001X
UMB1Rev 0FLASH-OFDM
Rev 1FLASH-OFDM (Pre- UMB)
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UMB: WAN System Designed from Ground Up for Ultra Mobile Broadband Experience
OFDMA dataw/
CDMA based mobility management
Very Low Latency
Order of 16ms
Spatial Processing:MIMO, SDMA & Beamforming
High Cell Peak/Edge Rates: Adaptive
Interference Mgmt
Power Optimized
to reduce idle and active power consumption
Efficient support for RT services such as VoIP
Flexible Deployment : FDD/TDD, 1.25-20 MHz
Scalable IP Network Architecture
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Ultra Fast User Experience Maximizes Revenue from All Segments(Laptops, UMPCs, Handsets, CEs, Desktops)
Continued Acceleration of Advanced FeaturesCompetitive Advantage / Differentiation
High Data and VoIP Capacity Lowers Costs for All Services(5x VoIP capacity and ~ 3x data capacity of WiMAX)
Track Record of Technology Leadership Highly Integrated ASICs and Industry Partnerships
UMB
Robust Mobile Performance with Seamless Inter-technology and Intra- technology Handoffs; Universal Frequency Reuse.
Ultra Mobile Broadband Competitive Advantage
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UMB Supports MIMO, SDMA and Beamforming
• UMB simultaneously supports SISO and MIMO users• MIMO enables very high data rate transmissions to users close to the AP • Beamforming increases user data rates by focusing the transmit power to
the direction of the user, enabling higher receive SINR at the terminal • SDMA increases sector capacity by allowing simultaneous transmissions
to multiple users that can be spatially separated• Beamforming along with MIMO and SDMA provides higher user data rates
at both high and low SINR regions
Different colors imply different subcarriers
Beamforming
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UMB: Seamless Handoffs with 3G Services
Phase 2
Phase 1
MultimodeASIC
Solution
• Seamless User Experience based on Multimode Device ASICs and Handoffs between UMB and 3G
• Ability to Build Out Network in Phases, and Minimize Initial Investments – Focus on high demand areas first– Fall back to 3G where no coverage– Complete build out as demand grows
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Core NetworkScalable IP
Architecture
Routing & Mobility Function
AccessPoint
AccessPoint
AccessPoint
AccessPoint
New Scalable IP Architecture
• Scalable IP architecture supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies– Eliminates need for an access aware centralized node – Routing, QoS, BSC, PDSN and transceiver functions are distributed across access points (AP)
• New handoff mechanisms support real-time services throughout the network and across different airlink technologies
– Physical layer support for fast seamless layer 2 handoff– IP Mobility functions support L3 handoffs between AP’s; in addition to, inter-system AP’s– Independent RL & FL handoffs provide better airlink and handoff performance
• QoS parameters dynamically upgraded when user hands off to a more capable AP
Support For Delay Sensitive Services Across Flat or Centralized Support For Delay Sensitive Services Across Flat or Centralized IP IP ArchitectureArchitecture
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UMB: Leverage from 3G Device Partnerships
Highly Integrated ASICs Drive Convergence of CE, Computing and Communication Platforms
Comparisons
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UMB: Designed from Ground Up for Mobility
Adding Mobility to Fixed WiMAX results in significantly lower capacity
WiMAXWiMAX
Adding VoIP to Mobile WiMAX greatly reduces capacity for both VoIP and data
CapacityUMB designed for Mobile Broadband, providing high capacity in all environments
UMBUMBLarge numbers of VoIP calls coexist with high capacity UMB data services
VoIP
Robust mobility support inherent in all aspects of UMB design
Mobility
Mobile WiMAX originally designed for fixed deployments, and was not optimized for capacity
CapacityMobility
VoIP
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Key Issues: UMB vs. Mobile WiMAX
Features Mobile WiMAXHandoffs • Mobility not an inherent part of initial design
– Weak & Unreliable handoff design
Reverse LinkPower Control
• Slow Message Based Power Control
• No power control for other-sector interference management. – Reduction in RL margin and throughput
Forward LinkSig. Overheads
• High System/Signaling Overheads
• Poor support for real-time services Battery Power Consumption
• Inefficient message based sleep mode operation– Idle State Duty Cycle of WiMAX is 9-14 times
higher than UMB
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02
468
10
1214
MobileWiMAX
DOrA DOrB HSDPA UMB
Forward Link Sector Throughput Comparison
Simulation assumptions:• SIMO Full Buffer, Forward Link physical layer performance• 3GPP2 frame work• DV channel model mix• Equalizer gain simulated for DOrA, DOrB and HSDPA• Preliminary: 10MHz TDD 2:1Mobile WiMAX sector throughput is 3Mbps, scaled to 10MHz effective Forward Link• 5MHz FDD carrier for HSPA+ , 2 carriers in 2x10MHz. 1.25MHz FDD carrier for DOrA and DOrB, 7 carriers in 2x10MHz
Effective FL Physical Layer Throughput per Sector in 10MHz
Mbp
s
Mbps/sector4,5005MHz~4.5 8.96 10.5 10.4 12.0
3G Technologies outperform WiMAX in the mobile environment
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0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Number of VoIP users
Nor
mal
ized
BE
Sec
tor T
hrug
hput
UMBMobile WiMAX
UMB Provides Significant Advantage in Serving Mixed Traffic (VoIP and Data)
Mobile WiMAX data capacity dropsdramatically as VoIP users increase
Simulation assumptions:SIMO, 2.5GHz
10MHz TDD 2:1
4dB gain differencebetween primary andsecondary MS antennae
Channel model mix- 30% PedB 3kmph- 30% VehB 10kmph- 20% VehA 30kmph- 10 VehA 120kmph- 10% Rician
Number of VoIP Users 0 10 25 40UMB Sector Throughput Advantage over Mobile WiMAX
2x 2.5x 4x 10x
Mobile WiMAX VoIP Outage Capacity*
*source: Outage capacity based on > 12% of users exceeding delay budget of 100 ms
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3G’s Larger Cell Size Means Fewer Sites
0%
200%
400%
600%
800%
1000%
1200%
Urban [%] 100% 97% 117% 111% 308% 583% 976%
Suburban [%] 100% 97% 113% 111% 273% 518% 743%
Rural [%] 100% 97% 109% 111% 259% 504% 642%
DOrA 1900 HSUPA 1900 HSUPA 2100 UMB 2500 UMB TDD 2:1 2500 802.16 TDD 2:1 2500 802.16 TDD 2:1 3500
Number of Cell Sites Required for Mobile ScenarioNumber of Cell Sites Required for Mobile Scenario
Link budget: HSUPA, EV-DO Rev. A and 802.16e (mobile WiMAX) cell edge targeted at ~64kbps data ratePropagation model: Hata model in 800MHz, Cost-Hata model in 1900MHz, 2500MHz and 3500MHz.
WiMAX requires significantly more cell sites than 3G
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Mobile WiMAX Technical Deficiencies Mobile WiMAX Technical Deficiencies •• Mobile WiMAX is poorly designed for mobilityMobile WiMAX is poorly designed for mobility
– Lower Spectral Efficiency: 3G has 2x-3x advantage• Leads to lower throughputs
– Poorer link budget: ~10 dB less than 3G systems • Leads to poor coverage (1/6th of 3G coverage), hence more cell sites than 3G (6x)
– Higher overheads than 3G systems• Leads to higher latencies and poor support for real time applications • Poor VoIP capacity and mixed voice/data performance • Limited number of simultaneous users
– Limited support for handoffs• Primarily hard handoffs
•• Network and airNetwork and air--interface interoperabilityinterface interoperability– Service interoperability needs to be worked outside 802.16, IEEE Standard
only specifies PHY and MAC layers • Leads to poor interoperability and deployment delays
3G is well optimized for mobility and delivers superior voice and data performance than WiMAX
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Site Rental
Internet InterconnectRF Eng / Test Equip
Ancillary Equipment
Installation/Shipping
Backhaul
SparesUtilities
Softw are Upgrade Training
Operations
Project ManagementSite Acquisition
BTS
Other
CoreNet - Packet-Sw itched
CoreNet - Circuit-Sw itched
BSC
Mobile Network Expense Breakdown
Capital Expense
Operating Expense
Both OpEx and CapEx are driven by number of cell sites
• 600 MOU /Sub/Month; 1000 MByte /Sub/Month
Notes:
• Urban morphology (10K Pops/SqKm)
• Wireless penetration: 50%
• Operator market share: 25%
• Local call termination charges and long distance transport costs are not included in the network expense calculations
• Spectrum available: 2X10MHz @ 800MHz
Seven-Year Depreciated Capital (% of Total Network Expense) 26%Ancillary Equipment 1%Installation/Shipping 7%Site Acquisition 1%Project Management 0%RF Eng / Test Equip 1%BTS 8%BSC 6%CoreNet - Circuit-Switched 0%CoreNet - Packet-Switched 3%Other 0%Operating Expense (% of Total Network Expense) 74%Site Rental 8%Operations 5%Utilities 2%Spares 1%Training 1%Software Upgrade 1%Backhaul 35%Internet Interconnect 20%
Seven-Year Depreciated Capital (% of Total Network Expense) 26%Ancillary Equipment 1%Installation/Shipping 7%Site Acquisition 1%Project Management 0%RF Eng / Test Equip 1%BTS 8%BSC 6%CoreNet - Circuit-Switched 0%CoreNet - Packet-Switched 3%Other 0%Operating Expense (% of Total Network Expense) 74%Site Rental 8%Operations 5%Utilities 2%Spares 1%Training 1%Software Upgrade 1%Backhaul 35%Internet Interconnect 20%
Network deployments are dominated by OpEx rather than CapExNetwork deployments are dominated by OpEx rather than CapEx
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Cost of BTS Similar for Mobile Technologies
• Same network functions are needed for mobile technologies– RF function– Digital processing– Backhaul interfaces– Radio Network Controller (RNC) functions
• Digital cards are the only technology-specific parts in a BTS
• Remaining BTS costs independent of technology given comparable BTS type (e.g. macro, pico), power, channel bw
BTS Components CostsAntenna
Similar for different air interfaces
Power AmplifierCablesRackRF Cards
Digital Cards Technology-dependent
BTS digital card only 1-2% of overall network costs
All trademarks, names of other companies, logos, products and services may be the property of their respective owners
BTS costs are largely independent of airBTS costs are largely independent of air--interface technologiesinterface technologies
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Mobile WiMAX: Reality Check
Source: Yankee Group, 2007
Based on Yankee Group Report on Mobile WiMAX in EuropeBased on Yankee Group Report on Mobile WiMAX in Europe
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Conclusions• EV-DO is delivering mobile broadband today!
– Established strongly with major commercial investments– Thriving on a robust 3G eco-system and economies of scale– Proven high performance with a strong backward compatibility framework– Providing services with extensive range of devices– Significant time-to-market advantage over competing alternatives
• Leveraging on a strong 3G ecosystem, UMB is a highly optimized OFDMA solution that enables an ultra fast user experience while maximizing revenues from all segments – UMB provides more significant performance advantages in terms of
coverage, mobility, VoIP capacity, broadband access, and real-time application support with enhanced QoS features and low latency
• LTE is also designed as an optimized OFDMA solution for Mobile Broadband, but its commercial realization may be further away
EV-DO is a logical mobile broadband choice for CDMA operators today!!UMB offers an optimized mobile OFDMA solution to enable
ultra broadband speeds and supplement EV-DO as demand grows !!!
