Mobiles for accountability with public participation

Mobile applications for TanzaniaExpanding service delivery, improving program management, and strengthening accountability mechanismsTechnology enables75% of Tanzanians are covered by mobile services3% of Tz mobile users have smart phones; SMS is ubiquitousGPS and mapping systems widespreadStarting in Tanzania transformation along three dimensionsService DeliveryMobile applications for TanzaniaAgriculture: Reuters Market LightCustomized market Data via SMSCrop pricesAgriculture newsProductivity adviseWeather forecasts

Images from Reuters Market Light, 2010Livelihoods: SoukTel JobMatch

JobseekerEmployerImages from SoukTel, 2010Social safety nets: Kerio Valley pilotM-PESA for secure cash transfersProvided 571 households in the Rift Valley cash to purchase 50% of one months minimum calorific requirements

Image from http://www.newstatesman.com/society/2008/09/mobile-networks-familiesProject managementMobile applications for TanzaniaAsset verification: Afghanistan roads

Images from International Relief and Development, Inc: Human Resources and Logistics Support Program (IRD-HRLS), September 2010Asset verification: EQUIP

http://www.advocacynet.org/resource/251

http://www.boston.com/news/world/blog/2009/07/post_9.htmlProject supervision: National Solidarity ProgramBeneficiary verification through SMS reports from Community CouncilsAsset verification through smart phones with NSP staffRollout in Bamyan early 2011

Image from NSP, 2010Using GPS cameras to monitor EIRP

Image from EIRP, 2010Accountability MechanismsMobile applications for Tanzania

Urban services: SeeClickFix

Images from http://www.seeclickfix.com/washington/feedsMobile applications for TanzaniaExpanding service delivery, improving program management, and strengthening accountability mechanismsUpcoming resourcesBy Q3 FY11, on the intranet:

An RFP database for TTLs with information notesProvides examples of implemented systems

Case studies of appropriate implementationsWithin and outside the World Bank portfolio

List of staff who can support your activity

Consultant roster: IT systems implementation, training.

Some considerations for TTLsCosts: Handsets, IT systems, telecommunications costsCapacity: User training/education, IT management capacity, training processIntegration: Connecting old and new data sources and systemsProcurement: Design and implement, choice of apps developers and integrators

Possible for the Government to consider an integrated approach to cut costs and accelerate deployment

Social safety nets: Kilimo SalamaAn insurance for Kenyan farmers Insuring their farm inputs against drought and excess rainCovers farmers who plant on as little as one acre

Image from http://www.sciencecodex.com/first_microinsurance_plan_uses_mobile_phones_and_weather_stations_to_shield_kenyas_farmers

20ResponsivenessBill of Rights in Kenya: Constitutions;Real-timeMedia (escalation)Added dimension (mention call center for local government)

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Huduma is a tool & Strategy for the improvement of services based on voices of citizens.

It provides communities (especially rural and urban poor) with the possibility of engaging the central government, parliamentarians and local authorities: on service delivery & resource management based on peoples needs.

Offers government, parliamentarians and local authorities, a direct feedback & dialogue avenue on their performance from the citizenry.What is Huduma2121People first

Why HudumaCitizens can effect meaningful change through engagement

Need for an effective means of measuring performance & enforcing transparency & accountability of service providers based on the Voices of Citizens.

Huduma offers an opportunity to amplify unheard voices, increase public awareness, and by so doing, generate collective action and bottom up pressure for change.

Collective action by citizens in the improvement of service delivery ultimately leads to the enhancement of quality of life

22People first

How?Provides simple technology/media based tools and channels to amplifying citizens concerns, displeasures, complaints, suggestions & praises (or good practices) as a means to hold duty bearers accountable to their commitments

purpose of the action is to capture the imagination and interest of citizens to act on their own to make a difference, to demand accountability and better services from service providers through effective and trusted channels.

23People first

A new way of citizens engagementIt focuses specifically on demanding for services in the daily lives, e.g. fixthat water point, fixmyclinic (medicines, no doctors/birth attendant), fixmyschool (absent teachers, textbooks, leaking roof).

It personalizes the demand for services and empowers the individual citizen to act and turn information into action. By increasing the channels for citizens to demand services, the action is innovative in its approach in that it connects the citizens directly with service providers through evidence as credible feedback.

24HUDUMA: WEB PORAL

(Geo-tagging) Map with categories (Health, Water etc having different dots);

Timeline indicating response times;

Bubble with location names getting bigger depending on veracity of problems reported (needs response);

Flagging: of actions with delayed response (red) & (green) for notable efficiency.

Budget Layer: tagging project, concerns with budget information

25HUDUMA: WEB PORAL

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HUDUMA: WEB PORAL

27Helping Service Providers through Dashboards

Service provider with ID and login;

Incorporates visualization tools (graphs, red flags, green flags etc) Provider able to pick a problem and act;

Provider able to add comment after fixing a problem e.g. temporarily fixed due to budgetary constraints;

28Recognize the unique reality of the our context (no ctrl-c /ctrl-v). Technology needs to respond and adapt to the requirements of the people;

Need to break the mind constructs around technology as the magic pill to solve all problems;

Debunk the myth that we are not only consumers of information technology but also innovators and producers of knowledge;

Beyond the wow: Accessibility, Simplicity & Utility.People first

Process29

SMS 3018: No medicine, no nurse at Nyamira hospital, am tired of this!

Category:Health, Water, Edu, InfrastructureLocationTranslation

Verification, forwarding

Please provide location or more info

Service Delivery: HUDUMA Model

VERIFY

30www.sodnet.org

See Examples of Past Work with Crowdsourced Citizen Feedback on Constitutional Referendum (attached)

www.uchagazi.co.ke3131

ELECTION OBSERVATION PROJECTPROCESS: Fifty one constituency supervisors were identified, trained and deployed to fifty one constituencies. Identification of five hundred and ten poll watchers was done and deployment to polling stations. Observers were to report incidents via SMS to the number 3018 and posted on an Ushahidi instance (website) www.uchaguzi.co.ke . The SMS short-code (3018), email (reports@uchaguzi.co.ke) and twitter hashtag (#uchaguzi) & #kenyadecides) was widely advertised on newspapers, radio, web and digital media in malls and supermarkets. Crowdsourcing strategy enabled Kenyans to send in reports on anomalies, positive events through the above channels.32Findings: www.uchaguzi.co.keTotal of 1,523 reports by monitors & citizens;

36 out of 40 actionable reports were amplified and responded to by the IIEC;

794 reports on everything is fine. Highest number of reports in a category;

33An Non Governmental Organization (NGO) that aims at strengthening Citizens and Civil Society capacities to hold governments/private sector accountable through the Strategic use of technology.

www.sodnet.org

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technology is not a magic pill to solve all problems;

Recognize the unique reality of the our context (no ctrl-c /ctrl-v). Technology needs to respond and adapt to the requirements of the people (esp. on scale-up);

Defining our futures: the future of Africa, especially in technology cannot be the Present Western technology context; refusing the logic of catching up;

Beyond the WOW: Tools recognizes that it has to be accessible, simple & useful.

Africans are not only consumers of information but are innovators and producers of knowledge;

People first

Recognize the unique reality of the our context (no ctrl-c /ctrl-v). Technology needs to respond and adapt to the requirements of the people (esp. on scale-up);

technology is not a magic pill to solve all problems;

Beyond the WOW: Tools recognizes that it has to be accessible, simple & useful.

People first

- Ushahidi35Why ICTs?

Near real time reporting;Discretion and privacy;Direct amplification of voices;Aggregation of data for ease of analysis and report generation;Transparency in conversations;Historical /memory;Cost Reach /scaleViral in nature (less training);36In-country SitroomImproved governments but largely unresponsive to citizens

Services have expanded but lack quality and accountability;

Everyday retail level is what matters most to ordinary citizens; Information is essential for citizen action

Young people are a key demographic

...having access to practical tools, pathways and examples of how to turn information into action, ordinary citizens can become the drivers of their own development and act as co-creators of democracy...- Twaweza

3737Mobile Platform?CountryTotal PopulationPopulation btw 15-65Mobile Subscribers in millionsKenya40,046,56621,487,11820 Uganda33,398,68215,492,3528.6 Tanzania41,892,89522,212,00114.7Rwanda11,055,9765,893,9862.4 38