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Mobile Ad hoc Network

Deepak Kumar NayakElectronics & Telecommunication

Regd.no:071101608729 October 2010

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Contents1. Introduction 2. Historical back ground3. Types of wireless network4. MANET concept5. MANET features6. Implementation of manet7. Characterstics of manet8. Routing in manet9. Clasification of Routing protocols10.MANET application11.Conclusions

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Introduction Self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links

This union forms a random topology Routers move randomly freeTopology changes rapidly and unpredictablyStandalone fashion or connected to the larger Internet

Suitable for emergency situations like natural or human-induced disasters, military conflicts, emergency medical situations, etc.

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History of MANETEarliest MANETs were called “packet radio” networks, sponsored by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) in 1970

Later DARPA experiments included the Survivable Radio Network (SURAN) project (1980s)

1990s – the advent of inexpensive 802.11 radio cards for personal computer

Current MANETs are designed primary for military utility; examples include JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System) and NTDR (Near-Term Digital Radio).

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Types of Wireless Networks

Infrastructure based(Cellular Network).

Infrastructureless Network(Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) (MANET). The traffic types of Cellular network are as follows

Peer to peer Remote to remote

Dynamic Traffic

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Infrastructure based WN

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Manet ConceptA mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically be set up anywhere and anytime without using any pre-existing network infrastructure. It is an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected bywireless links are free to move randomly and often act as routers at the same time

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Ad hoc WN

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MANET Features

1) Autonomous terminal.

2) Distributed operation.

3) Multihop routing.

4) Dynamic network topology

5) Fluctuating link capacity

6) Light-weight terminals

Implementation of Manet

Implementation of Manet

Implementation of Manet

Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Network

Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Network

Overall View of Manet

Characteristics of MANETs• Dynamic topology

– links formed and broken with mobility

• Possibly uni-directional links• Constrained resources

– battery power– wireless transmitter range

• Network partitions

A B AB

Characteristics of Manet cntd.

• Collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network

• Network topology changes frequently and unpredictably

• No centralized administration or standard support services

• Host is also function as router

Routing in MANETsTo find and maintain routes between nodes in a dynamic topology with possibly uni-directional links, using minimum resources.

• Host mobility– Dynamic topology– link failure/repair due to mobility

• Distributed Environment• Bandwidth constrained• Energy constrained

The Routing is Different in Ad Hoc n/w due to

Categorization of Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols

Table Driven Routing Protocol

• Proactive.• Each node maintains one or more tables

containing routing information to every other node in the network.

• Tables need to be consistent and up-to-date view of the network.

• Updates propagate through the network

Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR)

Source Initiated On demand routing protocol

• Reactive.• on-demand style: create routes only when it is

desired by the source node• When a node requires a route to a

destination, it initiates a route discovery process

• Route is maintained until destination becomes unreachable, or source no longer is interested in destination.

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Associativity-Based Routing (ABR)

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MANET Applications

1) Military battlefield

2) Commercial sector

3) Local level.

4) Personal Area Network (PAN).

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CONCLUSIONS

This article describes the fundamental issues and analyses key research problems of MANET. Firstly, the backgroundinformation of MANET are introduced, including the MANET concept, features, current status, and application areas.

Then the main challenges of MANET are discussed that lead to the analysis of relevant kernel barrier. Finally, four key network layer research issues of MANET routing strategies are described in detail. The novel and advanced solutions to these issues are necessary to fulfil the requirements of wide commercial deployment of MANET.

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References

• Elizabeth M. Royer, Chai-Keong Toh, A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks,Proc. IEEE,2008

• David B. Johnson, " Routing in Ad hoc Networks of Mobile Hosts", Proc

IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.• Nicklas Beijar “Zone Routing Protocol “.• www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/adhoc_routing/ • http://www.comp.brad.ac.uk/~sburuha1/index.htm• www.computingunplugged.com/

issues/issue200407/00001326001.html • http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt

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Thank you