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Fort Collins created MMLOS standards for its streets in the late 1990s and has continued to refine them. Fort Collins standards consider both route characteristics and land use characteristics; high-priority land uses, such as public schools, require higher LOS for pedestrian and bicycle modes. The City prioritizes connectivity in its Bicycle Plan and Bicycle LOS standards in order to eventually create a fully-connected grid of bicycle facilities.
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How to measure
Bicycle LOS is based on how well a site is connected to bicycle facilities on nearby corridors and the quality of those
facilities. Direct connections score higher than indirect connections; connections to on-street lanes are most highly
valued, followed by off-street paths and on-street routes. Fort Collins’ Bicycle LOS scoring standards are shown in
Figure 1 (below).
Figure 1: Bicycle LOS Standards Larimer County Multi-Modal Transportation Level of Service Manual (2007)
Connectivity Required to earn Level of Service:
A Directly connected to both North-South and East-West on-street lanes
B Directly connected to both North-South and East-West corridors, at least one of which is a set of on-street lanes
C Directly connected to a North-South or an East-West corridor which is a set of on-street lanes
D Directly connected to a North-South or an East-West corridor which is an off-street path
E Indirectly connected via a bike route to one or more facilities graded A-D
F No direct or indirect connection to either North-South or East-West corridors
Multi-Modal Level of Service Toolkit
Applications
General Plans Transportation Master Plans Bicycle Plans Development review
Definitions
Directly connected describes a site that is penetrated by a bicycle facility (for example, a college campus or a site that is
immediately adjacent or perpendicular to a bicycle facility
On-street bicycle lanes are striped lanes on public streets that are exclusively reserved for travel on bicycles.
Off-street paths are multi-use or exclusive-use paths that are open to public use.
On-street routes are low-volume local streets where bicycles share the travel lane with motor vehicles, and where signs have
been installed to indicate that they are City-designated bicycle routes.
Fort Collins MMLOS Manual – Bicycle LOS
Overview
Fort Collins created MMLOS standards for its streets in the late 1990s and has continued to refine them. Fort Collins
standards consider both route characteristics and land use characteristics; high-priority land uses, such as public
schools, require higher LOS for pedestrian and bicycle modes. The City prioritizes connectivity in its Bicycle Plan and
Bicycle LOS standards in order to eventually create a fully-connected grid of bicycle facilities.
Advantages
New development achieves connectivity and continuity goals
Reduces City’s capital infrastructure burdens (developments must meet LOS standards to win approval)
Educates developers, engineers and planners; promotes buy-in among professionals
Creates better interconnectivity between modes, higher modal splits
Sample Applications
Development Review: Multi-modal LOS analysis is required for improvements to arterial roads and for all public and private development in Fort Collins. The City may require private developments to provide off-site improvements if their sites do not meet minimum standards for pedestrian and bicycle LOS.
Disadvantages
Harder to enforce when economy, demand for development are weak
Can be difficult to implement in infill areas
Requires defined bicycling networks, congestion/transportation demand management plan
Data requirements
Bicycle Plan (existing)
Location and type of existing bicycle infrastructure
