MM 13 Oral Dosages.ppt

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1Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 13

Oral Dosages


Objectives

Using a proportion to solve problems of oral dosage involving tablets, capsules, or liquid medications

Using a proportion to solve problems of oral dosages of medications measured in milliequivalents

Using the stated formula as an alternative method of solving oral drug dosage problems

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Advantages of Oral Dosages

Oral drug dosages are preferred for administration of medications because they are easy to take and convenient for the patient.

Oral dosages less expensive for the patient

Skin remains intact


Dosage Forms

• Tablets

• Capsules

• Liquids• Oral dosages are absorbed mainly in the

small intestine

• Some can irritate the gut and will need to be taken with food

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Solid Dosage Forms Caplet

Capsule

Tablet

EC Tablet

Pill

FIGURE 13-1 Forms of solid oral medication. (Top row: Uniquely shaped tablet,capsule, scored tablet. Bottom row: Gelatin-coated liquid, extended-release capsule,and enteric-coated tablet. (From Potter PA, Perry AG: Fundamentals of nursing,ed 7,St Louis, 2009, Mosby.)


Liquid Dosage Forms

Elixir

Extract

Aqueous solution & suspension

Syrups

Tinctures

FIGURE 13-6 Plastic oral syringe. (From Clayton BD, Stock YN,Cooper S: Basic pharmacology for nurses, ed 15, St Louis, 2010.Courtesy Chuck Dresner.)

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Using Proportions to Oral Tablets and Capsule Medication

A physician ordered amoxicillin 0.5 g po four times a day. The drug is supplied in 500-mg capsules.• Must change the ordered amoxicillin from grams

to milligrams

• 1g : 1000mg :: 0.5g : xmg

• X = 500mg

Solve 1tab: 500mg :: xtab : 500mg


Using Proportions to Oral Tablets and Capsule Medication

The physician orders minocycline 200 mg po daily. Minocycline 50 mg is available. How many capsules will the nurse administer?

1tab : 50mg :: xtabs : 200mg

X = 4 tabs

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Oral drug dosages Ms. Everdeen has an

infection in her abdomen due to a stab wound. Her physician has ordered that she take 750mg of Augmentin three times a day. How many tabs will she take per dose? In 24 hours?

Set up two proportions to solve.


Using Proportions to Solve Liquid Medication Problems

The physician ordered atovaquone 750 mg twice daily pc. Atovaquone is available 150 mg/mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?

• 1ml : 150 :: xml : 750mg

• X = 5 ml

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Nobody likes number 3 in your book so we will do it together

Answer number 3 on page 210 in your book.

1 tab : 0.05mg :: x tabs : 0.2mg x = 4 tabs for each dose

1 tab : 0.05mg :: x tabs :0.15mg X = 3 tabs for each dose


Using Proportions to Solve Problems Involving Milliequivalents

The physician ordered Potassium 20 mEq four times a day with meals. The drug is available 10 mEq/5 mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer for each dose?

• 10mEq : 5 mL :: 20 mEq : xmL• Multiply the means and extremes• x = 10mL

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Your patient has a history of seizures. Phenobarbital 30 mg po q12 h is ordered. How many milliliters will you give for each dose? (answer on next slide)


20mg : 5mL :: 30mg : xmL Multiply the means and extremes

x = 7.5mL

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Alternative Formula Method

A formula may be used to solve drug dosage calculations.

Formula:

D = desired (dose)

A = available

Q = quantity

xQA

D


Alternative Method:

If you choose to use the alternative formula you must make sure the desired amount or dosage is in the same measurement of what you have available. The textbook recommends that you still use a proportion to convert the desired amount to like measurements.

When the medication is in solid form (tab, capsule, caplet, etc.) the quantity is always one.

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Alternative Formula Method: Capsules and Tablets

Oral dosages involving capsules and tabletsThe physician orders aspirin gr v po four times a day. Aspirin tablets gr ii are available. How many tablets will the nurse administer?

X= 2 ½ tabs.

xtabgr

gr1

2

5


Alternative Formula Method: Liquids

Oral dosages involving liquidsThe physician orders phenobarbital gr ii po twice a day. Phenobarbital elixir 10 mg/5 mL is available. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?

1gr : 65 mg :: 2 gr : xmg

Multiply the means and extremes

x = 130 mg

x = 65mL

mLmg

mg5

10

130

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Oral Drug Dosage Calculations

1. Your patient receives Feldene 20mg po daily for arthritis. Feldene 10mg capsules are available. How many capsules will you administer?

2. The physician orders Zofran 8mg po before chemotherapy. How many milliliters will you administer per dose?


21. The physician orders Amoxil suspension 5.5mL po q6h for your patient who had a tonsillectomy. How many mg will you administer every 6 hours?

x = 137.5mg

Occasionally you will have questions like this -

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Or this -

23. The physician orders nitroglycerin 0.4mg sublingual prn for angina. The patient should take no more than three tablets in 15 minutes. Mr. Cane took two tablets 5 minutes apart. How many mg did he receive?


Maybe like this -

27. Your patient complains of indigestion. Mylanta 30mL po pc four times a day is ordered. Mylanta is supplied in a 360mL bottle There are ________ doses in one 360mL bottle. How many ounces will you administer per dose?

1dose : 30mL :: xdoses : 360mL x= 12

1oz = 30mL You will administer one ounce

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One more -

Read label carefully on number 35

Let’s look at the symbol on number 64


Or maybe something like this -

The physician orders Deltasone 20mg po four times a day. Deltasone is supplied in 2.5mg, 5mg, and 50mg tabs.

You will give ______ tablets of ________mg.

Number’s 68 and 76 are like this

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MM 13 Oral Dosages.ppt