MLA 8th Edition DLA · Web view* Website articles often come with publishing dates, which includes the date it was modified, uploaded, or submitted. However, if this information

MLA 8th Edition DocumentationStudent Name: Date:Instructor: Course:

About This DLAImportant NoteAll the activities (3) in this DLA must be completed in their entirety before meeting with a tutor and receiving credit. Where indicated, complete your work on this sheet.Learning OutcomeProperly documenting sources is an integral part of academic writing. This activity will familiarize you with formatting in-text and the works cited page using the MLA 8th edition.Activities (approximately 1 hour)Complete the activities below and be prepared to explain your answers when you meet with a tutor. Check off each box once you have completed the activity.

Understanding MLA CitationThe following handouts are attached to this DLA: Page 4:“MLA: 8th Edition Made Easy”, Page 10: “MLA Practice Template,” and Page 12: “MLA Citation* Guidelines – 8th Edition.” Read the “MLA: 8th Edition Made Easy” handout and using the handout as a resource, be prepared to complete the work below.

Activities☐ 1. MLA Citation ReviewPlease answer the following questions:

Write the answer.

How does MLA define a “container”?

Provide at least two examples of a “container.”

What are the two “SUPER IMPORTANT RULES”?

☐ 2. Citation PracticeNow that you have a better understanding of MLA format, complete the in-text citation(s) and the works cited information for each of the examples below. For the in-text citations,

© Copyright 2017 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/

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http://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/

DLA: MLA 8th Edition 2

you will need to provide the citation information and the closing punctuation. Refer to the handouts as needed.Example #1From an essay entitled “Split at the Root: An Essay on Jewish Identity” by Adrienne Rich. This was published in a compilation of essays edited by Phillip Lopate, The Art of the Personal Essay, published in paperback in 1995 by Anchor Books in New York. Both excerpts below are found on page 640 of the anthology. (The article is on pages 640–655.) In-Text Citations

In writing about her split identity, Rich writes, “I was still trying to have it both ways: to be neither/nor, trying to live (with my Jewish husband and three children more Jewish in ancestry than I) in the predominantly Yankee academic world of Cambridge, Massachusetts” ( ________________________ )

Block Quote (for quotes more than 4 lines)Rich struggled for a long period of time with her split identity:

In a long poem written in 1960, when I was thirty-one years old, I described myself as “Split at the root, neither Gentile nor Jew, Yankee nor Rebel.” I was still trying to have it both ways: to be neither/nor, trying to live (with my Jewish husband and three children more Jewish in ancestry than I) in the predominantly Yankee academic world of Cambridge, Massachusetts ( __________________________ )

Works CitedWrite the citation.

Example #2This is from an article that ran in a special issue on schizophrenia in Newsweek on March 11, 2002, called “The Schizophrenic Mind,” by Sharon Begley, on pages 44–51. This reference is found on page 49. In-Text Citation

Scientists still do not fully understand what causes schizophrenia, although they have begun to isolate brain activities involved in schizophrenic hallucinations. Still, even this is progress, since “identifying what happens in the brain during schizophrenic hallucinations is one step short of understanding why they happen” ( ___________________ )


Example #3© Copyright 2017 Mt. SAC Writing Center

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This is from the homepage for the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing. The title for this particular page is “Careers in Science Writing.” No date is given on this page or the homepage. The page was accessed September 7, 2007. The URL is http://www.casw.org/careers.htm. In Text-Citation (from the Second Paragraph)

Unlike reporters on other assignments, the science reporter seldom writes the same story twice. Just as each scientific development is a discovery of something the scientists had not known before, each science story is about something neither the reporter nor his/her reader knew before ( __________________________________ )


☐ 3. ReviewGo to https://mtsac2.mywconline.com and use the Mt. SAC Writing Center Appointment System to make a DLA appointment, or sign-up to see a tutor on the “DLA Walk-in” list in the Writing Center. During your session with a tutor, discuss your in-text and works cited page citations and focus on explaining your process and any difficulties you encountered when dealing with the various resources. In addition, discuss how you will apply this information to current and future assignments in your courses.

Student Signature: Date:Tutor Signature: Date:

If you are an individual with a disability and need a greater level of accessibility for any document in The Writing Center or on The Writing Center’s website, please contact the Mt. SAC Accessible Resource Centers for Students, [email protected], (909) 274-4290.

Revised 04/30/2020


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mailto:[email protected]

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MLA: 8th Edition Made EasyAdapted from The Writer’s Toolkit: Strategies for Effective Essays, 3 rd Edition by Hershel

Greenberg

There are many new changes in the 8th Edition MLA handbook. The entire structure of a Works Cited entry has changed. Previously, MLA required a specific pattern for a specific source. Now, everything is based on the exact same criteria—the student writing the Works Cited entry must observe, think, and decide what information to include based on this criteria. This makes the Works Cited much more open to interpretation regarding including and excluding relevant information.

When using sources, MLA suggests the following list of questions be answered:

1. Who is the author? 2. What is the title of the source?3. How was the source published?4. Where did you find the source?5. When was the source published?

Essentially, if the information is relevant and known, it should be included. If the information is not relevant or unknown, leave it out (this removes the need for N.p. N.d.).

1. Author.* The author is the person or persons that wrote the source you are using. This is your top priority when using MLA. In a Works Cited, you write the person’s name as:

Last, First Middle. * When you have 2 authors, write their names like this:

Last, First Middle, and First Middle Last.* If you have three or more authors, write their names like this (where et al basically means “and everyone else.”)

Last, First, et al.* If your book is assembled by an editor, such as a college anthology, write this information like this:

Last, First, editor.* Leave off earned titles, such as Dr. or MD. If the person has a suffix, such as Jr. or III, include that at the end.* The author of a source ends with a period.

2. Title of source.* The title of the source is cited next. This is the name of the source you are using in your paper. Titles are written in italics or in quotes. As a reminder, here is the list of sources and how they appear:

Books, Movies, Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, and Website Names go in italics. “Essays, print articles, web articles, poems, and short stories go in quotes.” * When you encounter a title that uses all caps or all lower case letters, convert titles to normal titles regardless of how they look in the source.* Subtitles are included by using a colon, such as Title: Subtitle.* When a source is untitled, create a generic description, but do not italicize it or put it in quotes. This would occur when you see something in the world around you, such as an event or an ad.


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*The title of a source ends with a period.

3. Title of Container,* Containers are the larger parts of a whole, or sources that hold/contain other sources. Websites are containers. Anthologies (a book that contains works by other people) are containers. Newspapers and magazines are containers. A television show is a container. These are containers because they are the large work containing the smaller work.* Title of containers are italicized.* If this does not apply to your source, leave it out.* The title of the container ends with a comma.

4. Other Contributors, * This includes those that adapt work, direct work, edit work, translate work, or illustrate work. If your source needs these additional contributors, include them; however, if there are none, leave this out of your citation.* The other contributors ends with a comma.

5. Version,* This is also known as the edition, which books use. When using an edition, abbreviate it as “ed.” For example, you would write:

Knowing the Score: A Guide to Writing College Essays. 3rd ed. * For journals and magazines, the version might be called a Volume. When using a volume, abbreviate it as vol.*The version ends with a comma.

6. Number, * This is the specific number in a sequence. For example, a scholarly journal that is published four times a year has a Volume and an Issue number. Comic books also have numbers. When using a number, abbreviate it as no. For example, a scholarly journal that has a volume and a number would look like this:

“vol. 23, no. 2,”* The number ends with a comma.

7. Publisher,*This is the group or company responsible for releasing the material. Publishers do not always create the source, but they are responsible to releasing it to the public. Publishers create books, movies, TV Shows, and websites.* A publisher can be omitted for journals, newspapers, and magazines. It can also be omitted for authors who self-publish their own material. It can also be omitted when a website name is identical as the publisher. Finally, do not include the publisher on a website whose content is created by others, such as college databases or YouTube.* Today, many publications are owned my larger corporations. This is especially true for print sources. If a company is listed, followed by another company, such as a division or a group, use the division or the primary group listed first.* The name of the publisher ends with a comma.


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8. Publication Date, * Books have publication dates, usually written as a single year. Other works, such as articles found in magazines, books, and websites have a specific date. These count as publication dates as well. Use the specific date the article was uploaded or modified.* When there is more than one publication date, pick the most recent. Or, pick the copyright date attached to the publishing company used in the previous criteria.* Dates are written as Day Month Year, such as:

11 Apr. 2016,5 May 2015,25 Dec. 2000,

* The publication date ends with a comma.

9. Location.* This refers to the pages where the source is located, and is typically used for essays found in anthologies, magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals. Do not use pages in a Works Cited for a normal book.* If it is one page, use “p.” If it is multiple pages, use “pp.” The pages correspond to where the source starts and ends. For example, you might write:

pp. 5-10This means the source starts on page 5 and ends on page 10. If the source is only on one page, you write:

p. 42If the source is in a newspaper, which often skips pages throughout a section, use the “+” to indicate non-consecutive pages. For example:

pp. A1+* If the location is a website, which rarely uses numbers, use the URL for that website. You will need to copy and paste this from your web browser. Remove the http:// portion of the link. Also, you will need to experiment with wrapping the URL around to a next line (see the examples below)* If you include the URL, you must remember to remove the hyperlink that appears in most word processing programs.* The location ends with a period, including the page number and the URL.

Optional Information

Date of Access.* Website articles often come with publishing dates, which includes the date it was modified, uploaded, or submitted. However, if this information is missing, it is important to include the access date. In order to maintain the integrity of your work, you want to include the date of access after the website. Use this access date only if there is no other date for the online source. It is written as:

Accessed 23 July 2016.*The date of access ends with a period.

This information will help create a Works Cited entry for your source. Remember, you need to think, select, and organize your information based on what you have and what you need to show your reader.


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The new MLA handbook does not organize entries into category, but the patterns below will still prove helpful. Consider them models for citation. However, some of them are created based on the patterns discussed above, and there may be more than one way to cite these sources based on how you use the source and what information you decide to show.

Books

Graff, Gerald, et al. They Say/I Say: With Readings. 2nd ed., W.W. Norton, 2012.

Greene, Joshua. Moral Tribes: Emotions, Reason, and the Gap between Us and Them. Penguin Books, 2014.

Rand, Ayn. Anthem. Signet, 1995.

Taylor, Jason, and Herschel Greenberg. Building Blocks: Skill Sets for Life-Fire Writing, Editing, and Grammar. Kendall/Hunt, 2014.

Ebooks

Rand, Ayn. Anthem. Signet, 1995. Amazon Kindle, Kindle for Android, 2015.

Anthology

Johnston, Ray. “An Essay About Ayn Rand.” The World Literature Anthology, edited by Jane Smith, Penguin Press, 2007, pp. 201-223.

Newspapers

Smith, Joseph. “Gas Prices are on the Rise.” Los Angeles Times, 22 Oct. 2007, pp. A1+.

Magazines

Reynolds, Kim. “The Apple Car.” Car and Driver, June 2016, pp. 38-46.

Zane, Jan. “Drones Spy on Americans.” Time, 27 Apr. 2015, pp. 23-28.

Scholarly Journals/Articles in Print

Feldman, Mark. “Remember Whitman’s War.” Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, vol. 23, no. 1,2005, pp. 1-25.

Scholarly Journals/Articles in a Database

Jackson, Carol, and Jonathan Francisco. “Cyber Bullying and its Psychological Effects on Adolescents.” American Psychological Association Journal, vol. 87, no. 4, 2004, pp. 124-130. Project Muse, www.pmuse.com/123456.


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Online Websites

“A Pint-Sized Alligator Aching to Survive.” MSN Video, 11 Apr. 2016, www.msn.com/en-us/video/wonder/a-pint-sized-alligator-aching-to-survive/vi-BBrCWO6.

Gaonker, Vibhav. “10 Best Jackie Chan Movies to Watch.” Buzzle, 20 Apr. 2016, www.buzzle.com /articles/10best-jackie-chan-movies-to-watch.html.

“Hero.” Dictionary.com, 2016, www.dictionary.com/browse/hero?s=t.

Lien, Tracey. “IBM Makes a Big Shift Into Cognitive Computing.” Los Angeles Times, 24 Apr. 2016, 3:00 a.m., www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-cutting-edge-ibm-20160422-story.html.

Youtube

“Don’t Hug me I’m Scared.” Youtube, 29 July 2011, www.youtube.com/ watch?v= 9C_HReR_McQ.

Movies

Lucas, George, director. Star Wars: A New Hope. 1977. Performance by Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher and Mark Hamill, 20th Century Fox, 2008.

Star Wars: A New Hope. 1977. Directed by George Lucas, performance by Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, and Mark Hamill, 20th Century Fox, 2008.

TV Show

Firefly. Created by Joss Whedon, performance by Nathan Fillion, Mutant Enemy, 2002-2003.

“Out of Gas.” Firefly, created by Joss Whedon, performance by Nathan Fillion, season 1, episode 8, Mutant Enemy, 2002.

Whedon, Joss, creator. Firefly. Mutant Enemy, 2002-2003.

Video Games

Mass Effect Trilogy. Electronic Arts, 4 Dec. 2012. Playstation 3, Sony, 2013.

Interviews

Tom, Brady. Interview by Herschel Greenberg, telephone, 14 July 2015.


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In-text Citation:MLA requires certain information to appear in the sentence. You should look at this list as a checklist. Checking your MLA will become easier if you do this.

1) Author’s NameYou should always use the author’s full name, First Last, the very first time you mention the author. After that, only use the last name.

2) Page Number (if available)Print sources have page numbers, but most of the internet does not. Only use a page number if the source has one.

3) Title (if needed).A) Use a title if there is no author

This is common on the internet. It would be very rare to have a book with no author.B) Use a title if you use more than one source by the same author

This occurs when you use two or more sources by the same author, or someone has the same name as another author you already used.

This information can go inside the sentence or inside the parenthetical notation. The purpose of this information is to cross reference the Works Cited.

SUPER IMPORTANT RULE #1: When using in-text citation, if your source has an author, you must use the author!

SUPER IMPORTANT RULE #2: When using in-text citation, if your source does not have an author, you must use the source’s title!

Examples:

Ayn Rand writes, “Then we slept. The sleeping halls were white and clean and bare of all things save one hundred beds” (21).

She writes, “Then we slept. The sleeping halls were white and clean and bare of all things save one hundred beds” (Rand 21).

According to the book Anthem, “And we sighed, as if a burden had been taken from us…” (Rand 44).

According to an internet article, “Changes in the global economy often affect the price of gas throughout the world” (“Understanding Gas Prices”).


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MLA CITATION* GUIDELINES – 8TH EDITION Please note that you will notice several differences as the MLA has switched from providing prescriptive formats for different types of resources and mediums to focusing on providing standards for common elements that can be combined into a citation regardless of type of resource or medium.

COMMON ELEMENT FORMAT EXAMPLES** AUTHOR

COMMON ELEMENT 1 For more information about authors, see MLA Handbook, Section 2.1.

Single Author

Reverse the author’s name so the last name is given first followed by a comma and then the rest of the name as given in the work.

Herrera, Hayden. Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo. Harper, 1993.

Two Authors

The first author’s name is reversed, as above, followed by a comma, the word and, and the second author’s name in normal order.

Tunnell, Michael O., and George W. Chilcoat. The Children of Topaz: The Story of a Japanese-American Internment Camp. Holiday House, 1996.

Three or More Authors

The first author’s name is reversed, as above, followed by a comma and et al. (meaning “and others”).

Moschovitis, Christos J.P., et al. History of the Internet: A Chronology, 1843 to the Present. Moschovitis, 1999.

Editor(s)

Follow the format for authors, as above, followed by a comma and the word editor (use the plural editors if there are two or more).

Haerens, Margaret, and Lynn M. Zott, editors. Medical Marijuana. Greenhaven Press, 2013.

Pseudonyms

Pseudonyms, including online usernames, are mostly similar to regular names.

Alexsis Mae. “Mermaid Hair Color Transformation.” YouTube, 3 Feb. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch? ?v=bVvq-DoTbP4.

TITLE COMMON ELEMENTS 2,3 For more information about titles, see MLA Handbook, Section 2.2.

Titles of Self-Contained Sources

If the source is self-contained and independent, such as a book, the title is placed in italics and is followed by a period.

Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Scholastic, 2005.

Titles of Sources That are Part of a Larger

Source

If a title is part of a larger whole, for example a short story, poem, journal article, or essay, it is placed in quotation marks, with a period preceding the final quotation mark.

Grimes, M. Katherine. “Harry Potter: Fairy Tale Prince, Real Boy, and Archetypal Hero.” The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon, edited by Lana A. Whited, U of Missouri P, 2002, pp. 89-122.

Title of Larger Sources If a source is made up of smaller pieces, such as short stories, poems, articles, or essays, the title is normally placed in italics and followed by a comma.

”10 Things Severus Snape Actually Likes.” Pottermore, www.pottermore.com/features/ 10-things-severus-snape-actually-likes. Accessed 19 Aug. 2016.

Untitled Sources If a source is untitled, provide a generic description, neither italicized nor enclosed in quotation marks and followed by a period.

KAT. Movie Review of What If? starring Daniel Radcliffe. Muggle.net, 10 July 2014, www.mugglenet.com/2014/07/movie-review-what-if-starring-daniel-radcliffe/.

OTHER CONTRIBUTORS COMMON ELEMENT 4

If others besides the author have contributed to the work, include them in the citation. Precede each name or group of names with a description of their role, such as translated by.

Martin, George R. R. A Game of Thrones: The Graphic Novel. Adapted by Daniel Abraham, illustrated by Tommy Patterson, vol. 1, Bantam Books, 2012.

VERSION COMMON ELEMENT 5

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON VERSIONS, SEE MLA HANDBOOK,

SECTION 2.3

For books, this will generally be indicated by an edition number or description, such as Revised edition or 3rd edition. Media items may include versions such as collector’s edition or director’s cut.

Scott, Ridley, director. Blade Runner. 1982.

Performance by Harrison Ford, director’s cut, Warner Bros., 1992.

L I B R A R Y

* MLA Handbook. 8th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2016. **Please note: all citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent. They are single-spaced here to save room. Mt. SAC Library Information Desk (909) 274-4289 Revised 8/25/2016




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NUMBER COMMON ELEMENT 6

For more information about numbers, see MLA Handbook, Section 1.4.

Periodicals Many periodicals will include a volume and/or an issue number. Include all information provided, using vol. to indicate volume number and no. to indicate issue number.

Lavery, Louise. “Confronting the Zombie-pocalypse.” Screen Education, no. 82, Winter 2016, pp.42-49. Academic Search Premier, libris.mtsac.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116421497&login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Multi-volume Sets If you consult one volume of a multi-volume set, indicate the volume number.

“Zombies.” Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, edited by J. Gordon Melton, 5th ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2001, pp. 1709-1710. Gale Virtual Reference Library, libris.mtsac.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3403804978&v=2.1&u=mountsanclr&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=1284a7a0e8e810acaa475c39d069cec9.

PUBLISHER COMMON ELEMENT 7 For more information about publishers, see MLA Handbook, Sections 1.6.3 and 2.4.

University Presses For academic publishers, abbreviate the words University and Press with the letters U and P, with no punctuation.

Verstynan, Timothy, and Bradley Voytek. Do Zombies Dream of Undead Sheep? A Neuroscientific View of the Zombie Brain. Princeton UP, 2014.

General Publishers

For general publishers, omit business terms such as Company (Co.), Corporation (Corp.), Incorporated (Inc.), and Limited (Ltd.) Otherwise, give complete name for publisher.

Zepeda, Gwendolyn. Monsters, Zombies + Addicts: Poems. Arte Publico Press, 2015.

Websites Publisher names for websites can often be found on the copyright notice on the bottom of the home page or on a page that gives information about the site.

Wilson, Tracy V. “How Zombies Work.” How Stuff Works: Science, 2016, HowStuffWorks / InfoSpace, science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/zombie.htm.

PUBLICATION DATE COMMON ELEMENT 8 For more information about dates, see MLA Handbook, Sections 1.5 and 1.6.1.

Periodicals and Online Sites

Some sources may have multiple dates given, depending on the format of their publication. Give the date that is most relevant to your use of the source. Dates may include just a year, a month/season/date range and year, or a complete day/month/year. In the case of documents or comments found online, the time may also be added.

Park, Benjamin, et al. “The Walking Dead: Which Major Character Just Died in the Season 6 Finale?” Vanity Fair, 3 Apr. 2016, 10:21 p.m., Conde Nast, www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/04/the-walking-dead-finale-who-dies-negan-kills-glenn-daryl-abraham-maggie-cliffhanger.

Video/DVD Recording Dates for videos may include the original year of release, the date an episode of a series aired, or the date a DVD set was released. Use the most relevant date to your use of the source.

“Lord Snow.” 2011. Game of Thrones: The Complete First Season, performance by Kit Harrington, episode 3, HBO Home Entertainment, 2012, disc 2.

LOCATION COMMON ELEMENT 9

For more information about location, see MLA Handbook, Section 2.5.

Print Sources

In print sources, location typically refers to the page or pages where your source is located within a larger source. A single page is abbreviated p. and multiple, consecutive pages are abbreviated pp. Multiple, non-consecutive pages are designated with a pp. followed by the first page number and a plus (+) sign.

Black, Brian. “Harry Potter.” St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 2, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 628-629.

URLs and DOIs

(MLA 5.6.2.d) When giving a URL, copy it completely but omitting the http:// or https://. If an item provides a DOI (digital object identifier), provide that rather than a URL, preceding it with doi:.

Compagnone, Vanessa. “The Puzzling World of Harry Potter.” Semiotica, vol. 2013, no. 193, 2013, pp. 145-163. Communication and Mass Media Complete, doi:10.1515/sem-2013-0009.

**Please note: all citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent. They are single-spaced here to save room.


Documents

MLA 8th Edition DLA · Web view* Website articles often come with publishing dates, which includes the date it was modified, uploaded, or submitted. However, if this information