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Understanding Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior
Consumer behavior
consumers make purchase decisionsconsumers make
purchase decisions
consumers use anddispose of product
consumers use anddispose of product
= HOW
Importance of Consumer Behavior• Why study consumer behavior?
– Complex: personality is a poor predictor of purchasing.
– Purchasing agent is variable (no longer wife, husband, etc…)
– May have + attitude without intent to buy (I like Jennifer Anniston v.s. I plan to see Anniston’s new movie; Mercedes)– Routine or involved decisions
An Involved Choice?
1. Time (convenience stores a good value vs grocery?)
3. Atmospherics (how stores makes you feel)
– What are some of the other things that makes you purchase a particular product?
2. Reason for purchase (gift vs personal use; restaurant choice)
• Previous experience, interest, risk, social visibility and purchase situation
• Purchase situation includes:
Consumer Decision-Making Process
Postpurchase Behavior
(satisfaction, cognitive dissonance)
Postpurchase Behavior
(satisfaction, cognitive dissonance)
PurchasePurchase
Evaluation of Alternatives
(evoked set)
Evaluation of Alternatives
(evoked set)
Information Search (internal/external)
Information Search (internal/external)
Need Recognition (vs.want)
Need Recognition (vs.want)
Cultural, Social, Cultural, Social, Individual and Individual and Psychological Psychological
Factors Factors affect affect
all stepsall steps
Cultural, Social, Cultural, Social, Individual and Individual and Psychological Psychological
Factors Factors affect affect
all stepsall steps
Cognitive Dissonance
Dissonance• Buyer’s remorse• Ex: Neiman Marcus, United Airlines, and
what else??
Other Influences• Social factors (reference groups, opinion leaders, family)• Cultural factors (values, subcultures, class)• Individual factors (demographics, psychographics)• Psychological factors (perception,
motivation, learning, and beliefs)
Social Factors
Reference groups– Those you look to for guidance. What are some
reference groups that you can think of??– Marketers: opinion leaders, influence others, usually
type of product– Most influential for visible products (car vs mattress –
function)
Cultural Influences• Subcultures and values• Social Class is defined as people with
the same status in a society.• It is NOT simply a function of income
a. Factors U.S.: usually measuredi. Occupationii. Educationiii. Housing
b. U.S. is fluid (change)c. People over rank themselves
Individual Influences
1936
current
1965 1972
1980
1986
Betty Crocker pictures change as consumer attitudes and lifestyles also change.
• Demographic change
• Change in lifestyles and attitudes
Oil of Olay Ads
AfterBefore
People did not see the positive association between oil and beauty. As such, the second logo for Olay was changed and oil was taken out.
Psychological InfluencesPerception
– Gathering & interpreting of information from the world around us.
– The process involves:a. Selective exposure
– Seek what interests us, ignore others– Ex: political information and what else??
b. Selective distortion– Screen/modify ideas we disagree with– Ex: power of suggestion, Bugs Bunny, and what else??
c. Selective retention– Remember what you want– Ex: forget homework, photo memory
Motivation
A method of classifying human
needs and motivations into five
categories in ascending order
of importance.
Maslow’s Hierarchyof Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchyof Needs