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Mitosis. Definition : nuclear division and cytokinesis Functions : tissue growth and repair asexual reproduction (binary & multiple fission). Cell division requires coordinated division of chromosomes (mitosis)…. …and division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis). . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mitosis• Definition: nuclear division and
cytokinesis
• Functions:
• tissue growth and repair
• asexual reproduction (binary & multiple
fission)
Cell division requires coordinated division of chromosomes (mitosis)…
…and division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).
Because DNA stores genetic information and is faithfully replicated, information is passed largely unaltered from cell-to-cell, generation-to-generation.
Proteins and Their Production
The Primary Reason for DNA
DNA is Packaged into Chromosomes
Two meters DNA fit into a sphere ~ 0.000005 meters in diameter.
chromatin
duplicatedchromosome
The Link Between DNA Replication and Chromosome Duplication
Anatomy of a Chromosome
DNA is Condensed into Visible Chromosomes Only For Brief Periods in the Life of a Cell
95% of the time, chromosomes are like this.
A Karyotype is an Arranged Picture of Chromosomes At Their Most Condensed State
A normal human karyotype
Boy or girl?
Note that almost all chromosomes come in homologous pairs.
Prophase
• nuclear membrane disintegrates
• chromatin thickens
• spindle apparatus appears
Metaphase• chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane
Anaphase• centromers divide
• chromatids move toward opposite poles
Telophase
• nuclear membrane reforms
• cytokinesis
• daughter cells
Cytokinesis
In Animal Cells, a Cleavage Furrow Forms and Separates Daughter Cells
Cleave furrow in a dividing frog cell.
In plants, a cell plate forms; separating daughter cells during cytokinesis
Stages of Mitosis• Prophase– DNA is condensed and packaged
• Metaphase– “middle stage”; Condensed chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane.
• Anaphase- Copies of each chromosome move to opposite poles of the cell.
• Telophase– “end stage”; Nuclear membranes reform around the chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs resulting in two daughter cells.
Cancer is Runaway Mitosis
Licentious division - prostate cancer cells during division.