Mitigation and Impact Mitigation and Impact managementmanagement

Mitigation is a stage of the EIA Mitigation is a stage of the EIA when measures are identified to when measures are identified to avoid, minimize or remedy avoid, minimize or remedy impacts.impacts.

Necessary adjustments to Necessary adjustments to respond to unforeseen impactsrespond to unforeseen impacts

Both are part of process of Both are part of process of impactimpact

Objectives of mitigationObjectives of mitigation

Find better alternatives and ways of Find better alternatives and ways of doing thingsdoing things

Enhance the environmental and social Enhance the environmental and social benefits of a proposalbenefits of a proposal

Avoid, minimize or remedy adverse Avoid, minimize or remedy adverse impactsimpacts

Ensure that residual adverse impacts are Ensure that residual adverse impacts are kept within acceptable levelskept within acceptable levels

Objectives of impact managementObjectives of impact management

Ensure that mitigation measures are Ensure that mitigation measures are implementedimplemented

Establish systems and procedures for Establish systems and procedures for this purposethis purpose

Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measuresmeasures

Take action when unforeseen impacts Take action when unforeseen impacts occuroccur

Principles of mitigationPrinciples of mitigation

Give preference to avoid and prevent Give preference to avoid and prevent measuresmeasures

Consider feasible alternatives to the Consider feasible alternatives to the proposalproposal

Identify customized measures to Identify customized measures to minimize each major impactminimize each major impact

Ensure they are appropriate and cost-Ensure they are appropriate and cost-effectiveeffective

Use compensation as a last resortUse compensation as a last resort

Impact avoidance can be achieved Impact avoidance can be achieved byby

Not undertaking certain projects or Not undertaking certain projects or elements of projectelements of project

Avoiding environmentally sensitive areasAvoiding environmentally sensitive areas

Use of measures to prevent impacts from Use of measures to prevent impacts from occurringoccurring

To achieve impact minimizationTo achieve impact minimization

Scaling down or relocating the proposalScaling down or relocating the proposal

Redesigning elements of the projectRedesigning elements of the project

Measures to manage the impactsMeasures to manage the impacts

Impact compensation can be Impact compensation can be achieved byachieved by

Rehabilitation of resource or environmental Rehabilitation of resource or environmental componentscomponents

Restoration of the site to its previous stateRestoration of the site to its previous state Replacement of the environmental\values Replacement of the environmental\values

lost at another location lost at another location

Mitigation OptionsMitigation Options

Develop alternatives that are better Develop alternatives that are better environmentallyenvironmentally

Make changes in planning and designMake changes in planning and design Carry out impact monitoring and Carry out impact monitoring and

managementmanagement Compensate for residual impactsCompensate for residual impacts

(Monetary payment, resettlement plans,(Monetary payment, resettlement plans,…)…)

Environmental management plan Environmental management plan contentscontents

Summary of impactsSummary of impacts Recommended mitigation measuresRecommended mitigation measures Statement of compliance with standardsStatement of compliance with standards Allocation of resources and responsibilitiesAllocation of resources and responsibilities Schedule of required actionsSchedule of required actions Surveillance,\monitoring and auditing Surveillance,\monitoring and auditing

programmesprogrammes Contingency measures for greater than Contingency measures for greater than

expected impactsexpected impacts

EIA ReportingEIA Reporting

EIA report or statement is a keystone EIA report or statement is a keystone document. It assembles the information document. It assembles the information that assists:that assists:

The proponent in managing the impacts of The proponent in managing the impacts of the proposalthe proposal

The responsible authority in decision-The responsible authority in decision-makingmaking

The public in understanding the likely The public in understanding the likely impacts of the proposalimpacts of the proposal

To meet these needs the EIS To meet these needs the EIS should beshould be

Actionable –Actionable – by the proponent by the proponent

Decision-relevant – Decision-relevant – to the to the responsible authorityresponsible authority

User-friendly – User-friendly – for the publicfor the public

Main elements of an EIA reportMain elements of an EIA report Executive summaryExecutive summary Need for and aims of the proposalNeed for and aims of the proposal Description of proposal and alternativesDescription of proposal and alternatives Description of affected environment and Description of affected environment and

communitycommunity Public consultation and viewsPublic consultation and views Main impacts and their mitigationMain impacts and their mitigation Evaluation of significant residual impactsEvaluation of significant residual impacts Environmental management planEnvironmental management plan

Some common shortcomings of Some common shortcomings of EISsEISs

Objectives of proposal described too Objectives of proposal described too narrowlynarrowly

Description does not cover complete Description does not cover complete activityactivity

Alternatives do not account for the Alternatives do not account for the environmentenvironment

Key problems not describedKey problems not described Sensitive elements in environment Sensitive elements in environment

overlookedoverlooked Relevant standards and legislation not Relevant standards and legislation not

describeddescribed

Typical EI Report in SudanTypical EI Report in Sudan Executive summaryExecutive summary Abbreviation and acronymsAbbreviation and acronyms IntroductionIntroduction Project descriptionProject description Environmental Institutional and legislative Environmental Institutional and legislative

frameworkframework Environmental and social baselineEnvironmental and social baseline Expected impactsExpected impacts EMPEMP EM programmeEM programme BibliographyBibliography Appendices and attachmentsAppendices and attachments

Implementation and Follow upImplementation and Follow up