Missiong Pages of the Civil Rights Movement 4-13-16

8/18/2019 Missiong Pages of the Civil Rights Movement 4-13-16

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Missing Pages of The Civil RightsMovement: Recovering the Role of theNC Nationalists and Greensboro in the

Struggle for Black Liberation Legaland Social !"ualit#

Dr. Claude W. Barnes, Jr.

Senior Research $ssociate

Beloved Communit# CenterGreensboro North Carolina %&'()

March %' %(*)

++),%+(,(((*

claudeb-belovedcommunit#center.org

htt/:00111.belovedcommunit#center.org

mailto:[email protected]://www.belovedcommunitycenter.org/http://www.belovedcommunitycenter.org/mailto:[email protected]


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2rom Black $ctivism to Black3emobili4ation Political Paci5cation

and Mobili4ation Modern Civil Rights Movement and Black Liberation Struggle

*6'',*6&'

Phase 7 Legal Tactics *6'',8' Phase 77,Non,violent 3irect

$ction *688,*6)' Phase 777, Black Po1er *6)8,&8 Conventional and 9nconventional Politics: Legal Non,violent

3irect $ction Protest Bo#cotts and Militant $rmed Self,defense

istorical $mnesia: The 2orgotten Legac# of Black Po1er

The Social Conte;t of $ Movement: Change No1 The S/ark Po1der e Learn 2rom Past Struggles for Social Change or Can>e Remember o1 to 2ight $gain?


3/49

Rosa Parks and the

Montgomer# $labama BusBo#cott *688,*68)


4/49

2.>. >ool1orth 3e/artment Store

Greensboro NC 2ebruar# *6)(


5/49

Sadie Mae Benton @ne of theSources of 7ns/iration for the 2our

2reshman *686


6/49

The Greensboro Four: David Richmond, Franklin

McCain, Ezell Blair and Joseph Mceil !Feb" #, #$%&'


7/49

Bennett and $AT StudentsC(RE )eads Do*n+o*n Greensboro Ma-air Ca-e+eria,Fall #$%.


8/49

Dr" Mar+in )u+her /in0 a+ +he March on

1ashin0+on, 2u0us+ .3, #$%4


9/49

!arl# Civil Rights Protests

Change $merican Societ# im Cro1 La1s are $bolished

Civil Rights $ct of *6)'

oting Rights $ct of *6)8 Public $ccommodations @/en to Blacks

Povert# Rate 3ro/s Signi5cantl#

o1ever Racial 7ne"ualit# Persists in $llS/heres of $merican Life

Too little Too late===


10/49

Non,violent 3irect $ction Phase

of CRM Stalls Black Po1er PhaseBegins Malcolm D articulates the

ideolog# of black /o1er 9nder the Leadershi/ of

Stokel# Carmichael SNCC

moves from ECivil RightsFideolog# to Black Po1er onthe ames Meredith March$gainst 2ear une *6))H.

9rban Rebellions and Civil3isturbances RiotsH

3r. Martin L.


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Stokel# Carmichael later


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o1ard 2uller of 2C3 and Later

MDL9 Brings Black Po1er to NCE$merica is determinedb# a racist s#stem1hich e"uatesrightness 1ith1hitenessJ$mericaand North Carolinao/erates under a

smokescreen ofProgressivenessJF2ebruar# + *6)I


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o#ce ohnson Pla#s a Leadershi/Role in the Black Po1er Phase of the

Civil Rights Movement in NorthCarolina


14/49

o#ce ohnson Leads Black Student Sit,in@n the Lack of Black Studies at 3uke

9niversit# $llen Building November *6)&


15/49

Black Studies Movement 9ses

Militant Protests to Create BlackStudies

!nd of Take @ver of >illardStraight all Cornell 9niversit#$/ril *6,%( *6)6 Robert

ackson !ric !vans and !d


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Greensboro03urham

Becomes the Center of theBlack Po1er Movement in the

South

Greensboro $ssociation of Poor Peo/le G$PPH Student @rgani4ation for Black 9nit# S@B9H Black Citi4ens Concerned 1ith Police Brutalit#

BCCPBH $frican >orld Ne1s/a/er $frican Liberation Su//ort Committee $LSCH Malcolm D Liberation 9niversit#MDL9H

2oundation for Communit# 3evelo/ment 2C3H North Carolina Black Political $ssembl# Black Students 9nited for Liberation BS9LH Kouth for the 9nit# of a Black Societ# K9BSH 9huru Bookstore


17/49

Le1is Brandon Leader and Planner of Sit,7ns@ne of the 2ounders of G$PP at


18/49

Ma#a $ngelou Book Signing at9huru Bookstore


19/49

The $frican >orld Ne1s/a/erPublished b# the Student

@rgani4ation for Black 9nit#S@B9HReached *(((( >orld1ide


20/49

S@B9 ouse: National ead"uarters forS@B9 and the $frican >orld Ne1s/a/er


21/49

Coalition of Black Po1er @rgani4ationsPress for Social Change Through

Communit# @rgani4ing== Cafeteria >orkers Strike March *6)6 Blind >orkers Strike,*6)6,&(

$$$ Rent Strike ,*6&( Cam/aign $gainst Police Brutalit#,*6&%

Peo/les Court and Creation of BCCPB Cam/aign $gainst 9rban Rene1al or

ENegro RemovalF 2ree Ben Chavis and the >ilmington *(


22/49

MDL9 S@B9 and G$PP el/ Skillcraft Blind>orkers >in Strike for igher >ages and

Better >orking Conditions


23/49

The S/ark for Rebellion: Ma#%,%% *6)6

Student Council President !lection at $llblack ames B. 3udle# igh School Ma# %*6)6

Candidate Claude Barnes !;cluded fromBallot for Being ESubversive.F

Students !;ercise 2irst $mendment Rightsto 2ree S/eech and Protest.

@cials Res/ond to Protest 1ith Massive9se of 2orce and Blame Eoutside agitators.F

$AT Student >illie !arnest Grimes is killedand three /olice ocers 1ounded.


24/49


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26/49

Classes Close !arl# 8,*(,

)6


27/49


28/49

Nelson ohnson SG$ ice Presidentand incent McCullough SG$President *6)6 at North Carolina$AT State 9niverist#


29/49

Scott all Becomes Site of NationalGuard $ttack and S1ee/ in Ma#*6)6


30/49

8(( Greensboro Police and )8( NCNational Guard Troo/s $ttack onScott and Co//er all Ma# %+ *6)6


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34/49

5i0h 6chool )eaders o- +he Dudle

Revol+ : Black 6+uden+ (r0aniza+ion,

James B" Dudle 5i0h 6chool, Ma#$7&


35/49


36/49

Claude Barnes Provides Testimon# to theNC $dvisor# Committee on Civil Rights

@ctober ) *6)6


37/49

Scott all Monument on

the Cam/us of $AT


38/49

EMan# /ersonsa//arentl# felt there1ere no clear issues

involved in thecontrovers#. TheCommittee believes thatthe issues involved 1eresim/le and "uite clear.

The main issue 1as theune"ual treatment ofciti4ens of Greensborobecause of their race:discrimination inhousing em/lo#menteducation and thedeliver# of servicescou/led 1ith institutionalracism and theunres/onsiveness of the

ocial s#stemF //. *8


39/49

Close 9/ of Bullet oles from

National Guard $ssault Ma# *6)6


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44/49

The Greensboro Massacre: November + *6&6


45/49

See 2inal Re/ort:htt :00111. reensborotrc.or 0


46/49

Marker 3edicated to Greensboro

Massacre Ma# %' %(*8


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Lessons for 2uture

Struggles The Black Po1er Movement is a 2orgotten Legac# of the Third Stage of the Modern Civil Rights and Black LiberationMovement.

3emocrac# and Civil Rights Result from Social Struggle !;cessive 2orce >ill Be 9sed To Put 3o1n Rebellion 2rom

The @//ressed. Those >ho Challenge The Status uo Mustbe >illing To $cce/t 3ire Conse"uences and Carr# @n=

!lectoral Politics 7s Not !nough== Protest is necessary forSocial Change. Social Change Results 2rom @rgani4edand Sustained Pressure on the National and Local State.

7deological 3iOerences Should Not Prevent Strategic 9nit#and the Building of Broad Coalitions== $llies Must Learn Tolerance for 3emocratic 3ebate and

Res/ect for 3iOerences of @/inion. Leadershi/ is Not 7nfallible and There 7s a 3ialectical

Relationshi/ Bet1een Leaders and 2ollo1ers.


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Resources

Malcolm D: $ Research Sitehtt/:00111.brothermalcolm.net

Civil Rights Greensboro 9NC,Ghtt/:00librar#.uncg.edu0d/[email protected]/;

>alls That Bleed: The Stor# of the 3udle#0$AT 9/rising htt/:00111.1allsthatbleedthemovie.com0home.html

Common 3reams: 3r.

Documents

Missiong Pages of the Civil Rights Movement 4-13-16