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Mission and Organization of the USN & USNR
Learning Objectives• The student will know:– The operational and administrative chains of
command within the DOD– The missions of the USN and USNR– The importance of the nuclear triad, the nuclear
chain of command, and the basics of naval nuclear weapons safety and security
Learning Objectives– The organization and importance of the Navy Reserve as a
component of mobilization readiness– The role the Navy Reserve plays in the total force concept– The role of the active forces in the training of the Navy
Reserve– The importance of channeling personnel serving with or
under the leadership into the Navy Reserve should they decide to leave active service
Learning Objectives• The student will know:– The role the Navy Reserve plays in the total force concept– The role of the active forces in the training of the Navy
Reserve– The importance of channeling personnel serving with or
under the leadership into the Navy Reserve should they decide to leave active service
– Comprehend the missions of the Navy
USN Present Status• Approximately 325,250 Active Duty
– Officers: 54,500– Enlisted: 266,250– MIDN: 4,500
• Deployable Battle Force Ships: 291– Currently Deployed: 102 (35%)– Underway for Local Ops/Training: 47 (16%)– Carriers Underway:
• CVN 70 (Pacific)• CVN 73 (West Pacific)• CVN 77 (5th Fleet)
• Operational Aircraft: 3700+
• Submarines: 60 (4 SSGN, 14 SSBN, 42 SSN)
Department of the Navy• US Navy born on October 13, 1775
• Mission– Guided by the Joint Maritime Strategy combines the efforts of USN,
USMC, USCG• Think of it as our corporate mission statement
– Organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain readiness of the Navy and Marine Corps
– Support Navy and Marine forces when assigned to unified commands
Joint Maritime Strategy• Security
– Maritime forces are the first line of defense with the ability to deploy quickly and reach difficult locations
• Stability– 70% of the world is water– 80% of the world’s population lives on or near the coastline– 90% of the world’s commerce sails across it
• Sea Power– Unifying force and common denominator that enables global security, stability, and
prosperity• Preventing wars is an important as…• Collective security
– Trust and cooperation cannot be surged
DON Composition• Navy Department– SECNAV– CNO– Commandant of the Marine Corps
• Operating forces
• Shore establishments not directly involved in supporting the fleet (Recruiting Command, NROTC)
Secretary of the Navy• Civilian head of the Navy appointed by the President
– Must be at least 5 years removed from active military service• Made subordinate to the Secretary of Defense after the amendments made to
the National Security Act of 1947• Assistant Secretaries head offices of:
– Legislative affairs– Program appraisal– Research and development– Manpower– Others
Secretary of the Navy
• Honorable Ray Mabus
Chief of Naval Operations• Senior military officer in the Navy• Member of the JCS• Principal advisor to SECNAV and the
President• In command of all administrative and training
commands
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
• ADM Jonathan W. Greenert
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
• MCPON (AW/NAC) Mike D. Stevens
Unified Commands
Fleet Areas of Responsibility
Roles of the US Navy• Projection of power from sea to land• Sea control and Maritime supremacy• Strategic Deterrence• Strategic Sealift• Forward Naval Presence• Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response
(HADR)
Projection of Power• Objectives
– Deliver and support troops ashore– Secure land from the enemy– Destroy offensive capability of opponent– Harassment / Intimidation
• Tactics– Amphibious Assault– Naval bombardment / Precision munitions– Tactical air projection– Deterrent patrol (SSBNs)
Projection of Power• Forces used:–Marines–Carrier Air Wings–Naval bombardment (CG/DDG)–Cruise missiles (Tomahawks)
Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy• Objectives–Maintain use of the sea, while denying its use to
the enemy• Control SLOC’s (Sea Lines Of Communication)
– Ensure industrial supply lines remain open– Reinforce/resupply military forces overseas– Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies– Provide safety for naval forces projecting power ashore
Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy• Tactics– Sortie control• “Bottle up” the enemy in port through blockade
– Choke point control• Use geographic choke points to hinder enemy
– Open-area operations• Seek out and neutralize enemy on the open ocean
– Local engagement• Concentration of forces
Sea Control and Maritime Security• Forces used:–Carrier Air Wings–Surface combatants (CG, DDG, FFG, LCS)–Attack submarines (SSNs)–Mines
Strategic Deterrence• Objectives
– Deter all-out attack on US or allies– Pose the threat of unacceptable losses to a potential aggressor contemplating less
than all-out attack– Maintain a stable international political environment
• Background– Navy is responsible for one part of the nuclear triad
• US Strategic Command (STRATCOM) with B-1’s• Land-based missiles (Minutemen III)• Seagoing nuclear-powered Ohio-class SSBN’s
– With the end of the Cold War, SSBN’s are the primary mode of deterrence today.
Strategic Deterrence• Tactics– Assured second strike• Trident missile - 4,000+ mile range. 24 per sub• Submarine is a survivable and credible deterrent
– Controlled response• Attack plans can be changed in case of partial attack.• CVN, Tomahawk strike capability
– Deter rogue nations– Maintain balance of power
Strategic Sealift• Objective– To deliver US (and allied) forces and sustaining supplies
to any part of the world, whenever needed
• Tactics– Prepositioning– Surge– Sustainment
Forward Naval Presence• Objectives:–To deter actions not in the interests of the
United States or its allies–To encourage actions that are in the interests
of the United States or its allies
Forward Naval Presence• Tactics– Preventative deployments• Provides forward presence• Routine operations (MED, WESTPAC)
– Reactive deployments• Response to crisis• Iran, Beirut, Kuwait, Iraq
Forward Naval Presence• Forces used– Carrier Strike Groups• One CVN• Two CG• Two DDG• Two SSN• One FFG• One Supply ship
Mission of the USNR• Primary:– To deliver strategic depth and operational capability
to the Navy, Marine Corps, and Joint Forces
• Secondary:–Assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime
mission as a by-product of training for mobilization
Total Force Concept• Includes all the resources available to perform
national defense missions• Budgetary constraints do not make it feasible to
provide for an active force that is capable of handling all contingencies
• Training–Must be meaningful and mobilization-enhancing
History of the USNR• Revolution War was fought by citizen soldiers• March 1915 – Congress established a federal Naval
Reserve• 29 AUG 1916 – Navy Reserve Force formally organized– First official USN reservists hunting enemy U-boats
from the cockpit of biplanes• Summer 1941 – Nearly all members of Navy Reserve
were serving on Active Duty
History of the USNR• 1990s – More than 21,000 Reserve Sailors
supported Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
• Today – Reserve Sailors make up approximately 20% of the Navy Total Force
USNR Present Status• Approximately 107,500 reservists
– Both officer and enlisted included• About 60,000 paid Selective Reservists (SELRES)• About 48,000 Individual Ready Reservists (IRR)• About 3,500 Reserves currently mobilized
• Some warfighting capabilities– Intra Theater Fleet Logistics Support (VR)– Adversary Squadrons (VFC)– Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore (JLOTS)– Intelligence
Manpower Categories• Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Retired Reserve
• Ready Reserve– Provides a pool of trained Sailors ready to step in and serve whenever
and wherever needed– Consists of
• Selected Reserve (SELRES)– Drilling Reservists– Full-Time Support (FTS) personnel
• Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)
Selected Reserve• Drilling Reserve
– Navy’s primary source of immediate manpower– Typically fulfill traditional service commitment of one weekend per
month and two weeks per year– Approximately 52,000 drilling RC Sailors
• Full-Time Support– Perform full-time Active Duty service to support the training and
administration of the Navy Reserve program– Career program and pay is the same as Active Duty members– Approximately 10,000 FTS Sailors
Individual Ready Reserve• Subject to full and partial mobilization• Members are not required to train• Consists of individuals who have had training
or have previously served in an Active Duty component or in the Selected Reserve
• Approximately 47,000 Sailors
Standby Reserve• Personnel who maintain their affiliation without
being in the Ready Reserve• Designated as key civilian employees or who have
temporary hardship or disability• Not required to perform training or be part of units• May be involuntarily mobilized for the duration of
a war or emergency and for 6 months afterwards
Retired Reserve• Comprises all Reserve personnel who receive
retired pay on the basis of active duty and/or reserve service
• Comprises all Reserve personnel who are otherwise eligible for retired pay but have not reached age 60
USNR Structure• Commissioned units
– Composed of ships, squadrons, and Expeditionary Combat Commands• These are complete units delivered to an operating force
• Augmentation units– Over 2,500 units augment Active Navy commissioned units and
operating staffs with trained personnel, permitting combat forces to operate at the highest level of readiness
– May also reinforce fleet and force support activities with trained personnel to provide surge capability
USNR Administration• Organization–Chief of Navy Reserve (CNR)•Vice Admiral within the DON who is
responsible for preparation, justification, and execution of the personnel, operation and maintenance, and construction budgets for the Navy Reserve
USNR Administration• Installations
– 122 Navy Operational Support Centers (NOSC) across the country• Provide a readiness and training facility when not at their Fleet
commands• Perform mobilization process, community outreach, CACO duties,
funeral honors, and provide for Humanitarian Assignments (HUMS)
• At least 1 NOSC in each state, Puerto Rico, and Guam– 2 Navy Reserve Air Wings and 24 Navy Reserve squadrons
comprising approximately 5% of all Navy aircraft
USNR Leadership Support• Subordinates leaving Active Duty should be
strongly encouraged to affiliate with the Selected Reserve in a drilling status
• They can continue their Navy career, and receive health care and retirement benefits, in addition to competitive part-time pay
• The Navy benefits by retaining trained Sailors