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PART A - QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. What is Data?

Data are a collection of:

a. Facts

b. Measurements

c. Statistics

2. Compare information & data.

Data consists of facts and figures that are relatively meaningless to the user.

(e.g., number of hours worked by an employee)

Information is processed data or meaningful data.

(e.g., multiplying the hours worked by the hourly rate to get each employees

gross earnings).

3. Explain the concept of system.

A system may be defined as a set of elements which are joined together to achieve a

common objective. The set of elements for a system may be understood as Input, Process

and output. A system has one or more multiple inputs; these inputs are processed through

a transformation process to convert these inputs into outputs.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

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FEEDBACK/CONTROL

4. Information Technology

Information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. IT

consists of hardware, software, telecommunications, database management and other

information processing technologies used in computer based information system.

5. Artificial Intelligence.

AI is an application that enables the computer system to perform some of the

same logical reasoning tasks as humans.

The ability of a computer or other machine to perform those activities that are

normally thought to require intelligence.

6. What is an Information System?

Information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing,

and communicating information. Business firms, other organizations, and individuals rely

on information systems to manage their operations, compete in the marketplace, supply

services, and augment personal lives.

7. What are the different kinds of Information System based on hierarchy?

Information systems support different types of decisions at different levels of the

organizational hierarchy. Major types of Information systems are:

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Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Office Automation system (OAS)

Business Expert System (BES)

Relation of information systems to levels of organization

8. List out the role of System analyst.

Systems analysts act as the principal liaison between the information systems groups and

the rest of the organization. It is the systems analyst's job to translate business problems

and requirements into information requirements and systems. The System analyst hasvarious tasks to perform.

Communication: The Analyst should examine the communication structure in

the organization and where necessary set up formal structures to ensure that users

have information about the system as it develops.

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Education: At all stages of the project, the analyst should concentrate on

educating individuals at all levels.

Participation: Both formal and informal structures should be used to allow

people to contribute ideas on the old systems and new systems.

Training: Training sessions should be used to impart skills and to build up user

confidence.

Job design: In designing new jobs, major aim should be to retain the satisfactory

ones of the old job and to remove the unsatisfactory ones.

9. Define MIS.

According to G.B.Davis, Management Information System is defined as an integrated

man/machine system for providing information to support the operations, management

and decision making functions in an organization.

10.What are the characteristics of MIS?

The main characteristics of MIS are:

MIS is comprehensive in nature.

MIS is centrally coordinated to ensure that its data processing, office automation,

decision support system are developed and operated in a planned and coordinated

way.

MIS is rationally integrated.

MIS transforms data into information.

MIS enhances productivity in several ways.

MIS should provide relevant information.

It should provide feedback about its own efficiency and effectiveness.

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It must be designed to be easily modified.

11. List out the functions of MIS.

The MIS must perform the following functions in order to meet its objectives.

Data Capturing

Processing of data

Storage of information

Retrieval of information

Dissemination of management information

12. List out the basic requirements of MIS.

The basic requirements of a computer based MIS are:

Hardware: It refers to Physical computer and other associated devices.

Software: It means the instructions or programs that direct the operation of

hardware.

Database: The database contains all data utilized by the application software.

Operations Personnel: It includes Computer Operators , system analysts,

Programmers etc.,

Procedures.

UNIT II

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13. What is SDLC?

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. SDLC is the process of developing

information systems through investigation, analysis, design, implementation and

maintenance. SDLC is also known as information systems development or application

development. SDLC is a systems approach to problem solving.

14. List out the various stages of SDLC.

1. Preliminary Investigation

2. Feasibility Study

3. Analysis4. Design

5. Coding

6. Testing7. Maintenance & Review.

15. Define system analysis.

System analysis is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying problems and

using the information to recommend improvements in the system.

16. List out the strategies/tools for requirement determination.

Interview

Questionnaire

Record review

Observation

17. List out the various Software life cycle models.

Waterfall life cycle model.

Incremental Life cycle model.

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Spiral Life cycle model.

WIN WIN spiral model.

Object oriented model.

18. DFD

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the logical flow of data. It

helps in expressing the systems requirements in a simple and understandable form. It is

also known as bubble chart.

19. What are the various symbols used in DFD?

There are four main symbols used in DFD.

Square: It represents Source/ destination of system data.

Circle/Bubble: It represents process that transforms incoming

data into outgoing data flow.

Arrow: It is a pipeline through which data flows.

Open rectangle: it represents data store.

20. What do you mean by ER?

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An entity-relationship (ER) diagram is a specialized graphic that illustrates the

interrelationships between entities in a database.

21. What are the various symbols used in ER?

ER diagrams often use symbols to represent three different types of information.

Boxes are commonly used to represent entities.

Diamonds are normally used to represent relationships and

Eclipse or ovals are used to represent attributes.

22. DBMS.

Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls and

allows the creation, maintenance, storage, modification and extraction of information

from a database by the end users. It consists of collection of interrelated data and a set of

programs to access the data.

23. RDBMS.

In Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), data is organized into tables

called relations, each of which is implemented as a file.

24. What do you mean by Tuple and attribute in a relation.

In relational terminology, a row in a relation is called a tuple and it represents a record or

an entity. A column in a relation represents field or an attribute.

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25. What is system design?

System design starts after the system analysis phase is over. The output of system

analysis becomes an input in the design phase. Data requirements are worked out on the

basis of user requirement estimates.

26. List out the various feasibility study.

The feasibility of a proposed system can be assessed in terms of:

Organizational Feasibility

Economic Feasibility

Technical Feasibility

Operational Feasibility

27. What are the objectives of system design?

A system is designed with the following objectives:

o Practicality: The system should be designed in such a way that it may be learnt

and operated with ease by the users.

o Flexibility: A system must be responsive to the change.

o Efficiency: A system should perform jobs within their specified time.

o Security: This relates to detection and prevention of fraud and abuse of data.

UNIT III

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28. Differentiate between MIS and DSS

S.NO. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

1. Information form of a MIS is periodic. Information form of DSS is interactive.

2. Information formats are pre-specified

and fixed.

DSS information formats are adhoc,

flexible and adaptable.

3. It provides information about the

performance of the organization.

It provides information to confront specific

problems or opportunities.

4. It supports structured decisions for

operational and tactical planning and

control.

It supports the semi-structured and

unstructured decisions for technical and

strategic planning and control.

5. It provides indirect support to many

managers.

It provides direct support tailored to the

decision making styles of individual

managers.

29.Differentiate between DSS and EIS

S.NO. EXECUTIVE INFORMATION

SYSTEM

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

1. It directly supports the value added work

in the organization.

It provides information, models or tools for

decision making.

2. It provides tools, information or

structured methods for making decisions.

It provides tools for analyzing data and

building models and help in analyzing the

alternatives.

3. Features are:(i) User friendly interface

(ii) user friendly methods of analyzingdata.

Features are: (i) user controlled interaction

with computers (ii) use of models and data.

30. Define EIS.

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Executive Information System (EIS) are management information systems which are

designed to meet the strategic information needs of top management. They provide

selected and summarized information for senior executives.

31. Where are Expert Systems used?

Expert systems are designed and created to facilitate tasks in the fields of

Accounting

Medicine

Process control

Financial service

Production

Human resources etc.

32.What is KM?

Knowledge Management (KM) is a process that helps organizations identify, select,

organize, disseminate, and transfer important information and expertise that are part of

the organizations memory.

33. What is GIS?

Geographic information system (GIS) is a special category of DSS that integrate

computer graphics and geographic databases with other DSS features. A GIS combines

different pieces or layers of information so that more knowledge is gained about a

particular location.

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34. What are the benefits of GIS?

GIS can be used when natural disasters occur.

GIS helps banks in the identification of suitable locations for installing new

branches or ATM terminals.

GIS can be used to support decisions that require knowledge about the geographic

distribution of people or other resources in scientific research.

UNIT IV

35. Software Testing

Software Testing is a set of activities conducted with the intent of finding errors in

software. It is the process of verifying that a program functions properly.

36. Concurrency control

Concurrency control provides rules, methods, and design methodologies to maintain the

consistency of modules operating concurrently while interacting, and thus the consistency

of the whole system.

37. List out the parameters that define software Engineering quality.

Software quality measures how well software is designed and how well the software

conforms to that design. Some of the parameters measure software quality are :

Scalability

Correctness

Completeness

Absence of bugs

Fault-tolerance

38. Error detection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correctnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correctness

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Error handling refers to the anticipation, detection, and resolution of programming,

application, and communications errors. Specialized programs, called error handlers, are

available for some applications.

UNIT V

1. What is pervasive computing?

Pervasive computing can be defined as access to information and software applications

anytime and anywhere. This form of computing is highly dynamic and disaggregated.

Pervasive computing aims at availability and invisibility.

2. What is SCM?

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected

businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by

end customers .Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw

materials , work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of

consumption (supply chain).

3. Data warehousing.

Data warehousing is defined as a process of centralized data management and retrieval.

Data warehousing represents an ideal vision of maintaining a central repository of all

organizational data. Centralization of data is needed to maximize user access and

analysis.

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4. Data Mining.

Data mining is the process of extracting patterns from data. Data mining is becoming an

increasingly important tool to transform this data into information. It is commonly used

in a wide range of profiling practices, such as marketing, surveillance, fraud detection

and scientific discovery.

5. What is CMM?

CMM (Capability Maturity Model) is a model of process maturity for softwaredevelopment - an evolutionary model of the progress of a companys abilities to develop

software.

6. List out the CMM models.

7. e-governance

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It is the use of a range of modern Information and Communication Technologies such as

Internet, Local Area Networks, mobiles etc. by Government to improve the effectiveness,

efficiency, service delivery and to promote democracy.