MIS PPT

Tecnia Institute of Advance Studies Senior Asst. Prof. Divya Goel

BBA-307 Management Information System

UNIT-1





Definition Of MIS

Right InformationTo the right personAt the right placeAt the right timeIn the right formAt the right cost



Management Information Systems

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

– Support operation– Management and

control– Routine, normal

operations

Management Information Systems (MIS)

– Provide decision-making support for routine, structured decisions

– Closely linked to and fed by TPS



Management information systems

• Provides information for the manager• Different types of reports include scheduled

reports, forecasting reports, on-demand reports and exception reports



























• MICR (Magnetic ink character recognition): used by banks to read account numbers on cheques

• ATM (Automatic teller machine): banking terminal performing deposits and withdrawals

• Barcode readers: used in retail to collect product information



Forms

• Document used to collect data from a person• Examples include sign-on sheet for payroll.• On-screen forms: populates fields in a database• Web forms: used to purchase items over the

internet



POS terminals are used by retail stores to sell goods and services. In large retail organizations, POS terminals send inventory data to a central computer (sale made). We as users become participants when we use these machines to purchase items from the store. The data is converted for easier transmission. Relevant information and the price are displayed using barcode readers.



Credit card sales transactions can be done over the internet, at POS terminals or taking an impression of customer’s credit card. Both the POS system and the multi-page credit slip system rely on batch processing. We use them as an alternative to money, to pay for retail store purchases.



UNIT-2UNIT-2



System Development: Concept of a system

The term system is derived from the Greek word systema, which means an organized relationship among functioning unit’s components. A system exists because it is designed to achieve one or more objectives.



Types of System

•Physical System•Abstract System•Open System•Closed System•Deterministic•Probabilistic



Open System: An open system has many interfaces with its environment. It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives some inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside.



Closed System:A closed system is isolated from environmental influences.



• The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas.

• It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.



THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLETHE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE



Major Attributes of the Life Cycle

The project --– Moves systematically through phases where each

phase has a standard set of outputs– Produces project deliverables– Uses deliverables in implementation– Results in actual information system– Uses gradual refinement



Project Phases

Planning (Why build the system? How should the team go about building it?)

Analysis (Who uses system, what will it do, where and when will the system be used?)

Design (How will the system work?)

Implementation (System delivery)



A simple process for making lunch



• Identifying business value

• Analyze feasibility

• Develop work plan

• Staff the project

• Control and direct project

Planning



• Analysis strategy• Gathering business requirements• Requirements definition use cases• Process modeling• Data modeling

Analysis



• Design selection• Architecture design• Interface design• Data storage design• Program design

Design



Construction– Program building– Program and system testing

Installation– Conversion strategy– Training plan– Support plan

Implementation



Processes and Deliverables

Process Product

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

System RequestFeasibility Analysis

Workplan

System Proposal

System Specification

New System and Maintenance Plan



SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIESSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES



What Is a Methodology?

• A formalized approach to implementing the SDLC– A series of steps and deliverables

• Methodology Categories

Process-Centered

Data-CenteredObject-

Oriented

Structured DesignRapid Application

DevelopmentAgile Development



Waterfall Development Methodology.



Pros and Cons of the Waterfall Methodology

Pros Cons

Identifies systems requirements long before programming begins

Minimizes changes to requirements asproject progresses

Design must be specified on paper before programming begins

Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system



Parallel Development Methodology



Pros and Cons of Parallel Development Methodology

Pros Cons

Reduces Schedule Time

Less Chance ofRework

Still Uses PaperDocuments

Sub-projects May BeDifficult to Integrate



Rapid Application Development

Incorporate special techniques and tools:– CASE tools– JAD sessions– Fourth generation/visualization programming

languages– Code generators



Three RAD Categories

Phased development– A series of versions developed sequentially

Prototyping– System prototyping

Throw-away prototyping– Design prototyping



Phased Development Methodology

Insert Figure 1-4 here



Pros and Cons of Phased Development Methodology

Pros Cons

Users Get a SystemTo Use Quickly

Users Can IdentifyAdditional NeedsFor Later Versions

Users Work with aSystem that isIntentionally Incomplete



How Prototyping Works



Pros and Cons of Prototyping Methodology

Pros Cons

Users Interact withPrototype Very Quickly

Users Can IdentifyNeeded ChangesAnd Refine RealRequirements

Tendency to doSuperficial Analysis

Initial Design Decisions May

Be Poor



Throwaway Prototyping



Pros and Cons of Throwaway Prototyping Methodology

Pros Cons

Risks are Minimized

Important Issues areUnderstood Before the

Real System is Built

May Take LongerThan Prototyping



Agile Development: Extreme Programming



Criteria for Selecting the Appropriate Methodology

• Clear user requirements• Familiarity with technology• Complexity of system• Reliability of system• Time schedule• Schedule visibility



Information Systems Roles

• Business analyst• Systems analyst• Infrastructure analyst• Change management analyst• Project manager



• The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation

• There are six major development methodologies: the waterfall method, the parallel development method, the phased development method, system prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development.

• There are five major team roles: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst and project manager.



MIS Application in Business

Financial MIS– Will integrate information from multiple sources– Functions

• Costing• P&L reporting• Auditing• Funds management



Manufacturing– Design and Engineering

– Master Production Scheduling

– Inventory Control

– Materials Planning

– Manufacturing and Process Control

– Quality Control



Marketing– Market research

• Web-based market research

– Pricing



• Transportation and Logistics– Route and schedule optimization

• Human Resources• Accounting