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8/4/2019 MIS James A. O'Brian Chap 06
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6 - 1Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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6 - 2Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Telecommunications
And Networks
Chapter
6
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6 - 3Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Identify several major developments andtrends in the industries, technologiesand business applications of
telecommunications and Internettechnologies.
2. Provide examples of the business valueof Internet, intranet, and extranetapplications.
Learning Objectives
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Learning Objectives
3. Identify the basic components, functions,and types of telecommunicationsnetworks used in business.
4. Explain the functions of major types oftelecommunications network hardware,
software, media, and services.
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6 - 5Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why Study Networking?
When computers are networked, twoindustries computing andcommunications converge, and the
result is vastly more than the sum of theparts.
Suddenly, computing applications becomeavailable for business-to-businesscoordination and commerce, and for smallas well as large organizations.
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6 - 6Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Telecommunications
Definition: The exchange of information in any form
(voice, data, text, images, audio, video)
over networks
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Trends in Telecommunications
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Open Systems
Definition: Information systems that use common
standards for hardware, software,
applications, and networking
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Connectivity
Definition: The ability of networked computers and
other devices to easily access and
communicate with each other and shareinformation
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Interoperability
Definition: The ability of an open system to enable
the many different applications of end
users to be accomplished using thedifferent varieties of computer systems,software packages, and databasesprovided by a variety of interconnectednetworks
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Digital Network Technologies
Definition: Digital transmission technologies that transmit
information in the form of discrete pulses
Benefits:
Higher transmission speeds
Movement of larger amounts of information
Greater economy
Lower error rates
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Business Value of Telecommunications
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Internet
Definition: A network made up of millions of smaller
private networks each with the ability to
operate independent of, or in harmonywith, all the other millions of networksconnected to the Internet
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Internet
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Internet Applications
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Business Use of the Internet
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Business Value of the Internet
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Intranet
Definition:A network inside an organization that usesInternet technologies to provide an
Internet-like environment within theenterprise for information sharing,communications, collaboration, and thesupport of business processes
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Business Value of Intranets
Communications and Collaboration includesemail, voicemail, paging, faxes, and groupware
Web Publishing easy, attractive and low-cost
way of publishing and accessing multimediabusiness information
Business Operations and Management
platform for developing and deploying criticalbusiness applications to support businessoperations and managerial decision makingacross the inter-networked enterprise
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Business Value of Intranets
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Extranet
Definition: Network links that use Internet
technologies to interconnect the intranet
of a business with the intranets of itscustomers, suppliers, or other businesspartners
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Business Value of Extranets
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Intranets & Extranets
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Telecommunications Network Components
Terminals any input/output device that usestelecommunications networks to transmit or receive data
Telecommunications Processors devices that performcontrol and support functions
Telecommunications Channels media over which dataare transmitted and received
Computers all sizes and types
Telecommunications Control Software programs thatcontrol telecommunications activities
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Telecommunications Network Components
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
Wide Area Network (WAN) network thatcovers a large geographic area
Local Area Network (LAN) network connectinginformation processing devices within a limited
physical area
Virtual Private Network (VPN) secure networkthat uses the Internet as its main backbone
network, but relies on network firewalls,encryption, and other security features of itsInternet and intranet connections and those ofparticipating organizations
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LAN & VPN
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
Client/Server PCs and workstations, calledclients are interconnected by local areanetworks and share application processing withnetwork servers
Network Computing Thin clients provide abrowser-based user interface for processingsmall application programs
Peer-to-Peer file-sharing software connectseach PC to a central server or to another onlineusers PC
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Client/Server
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Client/Server & Network Computing
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Peer-to-Peer
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Peer-to-Peer
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Telecommunications Media
Twisted-Pair Wire copper wire twistedinto pairs
Coaxial Cable sturdy copper oraluminum wire wrapped with spacers toinsulate and protect it
Fiber Optics one or more hair-thinfilaments of glass fiber wrapped in aprotective jacket
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Telecommunications Media
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Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial Microwave earthboundmicrowave systems that transmit high-speed radio signals in a line-of-sight pathbetween relay stations spacedapproximately 30 miles apart
Communications Satellites - high-earthorbit communications satellites placed instationary geosynchronous orbits
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Wireless Technologies
Cellular and PCS Systems a geographic areadivided into cells with one low-power transmitterdevice per cell used to relay calls from one cellto another
Wireless LANshigh- or low-frequency radiotechnology installed in an office or building
Wireless Web wireless, Web-enabledinformation appliances accessing the Internet,intranets and extranets
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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
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Telecommunications Processors
Modems convert digital signals from acomputer into analog frequencies that canbe transmitted over ordinary telephonelines
Multiplexers allows a single
communications channel to carrysimultaneous data transmissions frommany terminals
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Modem
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Telecommunications Technologies
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Internetwork Processors
Switch makes connections betweentelecommunications circuits in a network
Router intelligent communications processorthat interconnects networks based on different
protocols
Hub a port switching communicationsprocessor
Gateway connects networks using differentcommunications architectures
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Communications Processors
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Network Processors
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Network Management
Traffic Management manage networkresources and traffic to avoid congestionand optimize telecommunications servicelevels to users
Security provide authentication,
encryption, firewall, auditing andenforcement
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Network Management
Network Monitoring troubleshoot andwatch over the network, informing networkadministrators of potential problemsbefore they occur
Capacity Planning survey networkresources and traffic patterns and users
needs to determine how best toaccommodate the needs of the networkas it grows and changes
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Network Topologies
Star ties end user computers to acentral computer
Ring ties local computer processorstogether in a ring on a relatively equalbasis
Bus local processors share the samecommunications channel
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Network Topologies
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Network Topologies
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Network Architectures & Protocols
Protocol standard set of rules and proceduresfor the control of communications in a network
Network Architecture the use of standard
protocols, standard communications hardwareand software interfaces and the design of astandard multilevel interface between end usersand computer systems with the goal ofpromoting an open, simple, flexible, and efficienttelecommunications environment
OSI TCP/IP M d l
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OSI & TCP/IP Models
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) -model is a seven-layer model that servesas a standard model for networkarchitectures
Transmission Control Protocol / InternetProtocol (TCP/IP) is a five layertelecommunications protocol used by theInternet
OSI & TCP/IP M d l
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OSI & TCP/IP Models
IP Add
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IP Address
B d idth
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Bandwidth
Definition: Classification of communications speed
and capacity of telecommunications
networks
Transmission Rates:
Narrow-band low-speed Broadband high-speed
T i i S d
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Transmission Speeds
S it hi Alt ti
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Switching Alternatives
Circuit Switching a switch opens acircuit to establish a link between a senderand receiver; it remains open until thecommunication session is completed
Message Switching a message istransmitted a block at a time from oneswitching device to another
S it hi Alt ti
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Switching Alternatives
Packet Switching messages are dividedinto fixed or variable length packets, andpackets are sent across networks
Cell Switching breaks voice, video andother data into fixed cells of 53 bytes androutes them to their next destination in thenetwork
C #3 Wi Fi N t k
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Case #3: Wi-Fi Networks
Benefits: Superfast
Lower cost
C #3 Wi Fi N t k
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Case #3: Wi-Fi Networks
Challenges: Hit-or-miss hotspots
Lost productivity due to disruptions
Must create billing systems Must establish technical standards
Must develop tighter security measures
Case #3 Wi Fi Net orks
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Case #3: Wi-Fi Networks
1. What are the business benefits of Wi-Finetworks?
2. What are some of the problems faced by
companies who are using Wi-Fi networks?What are some solutions to those problems?
3. What are some other business uses for Wi-Finetworks not mentioned in this case? Whatare their business benefits and challenges?
Case #4: Voice Over IP
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Case #4: Voice Over IP
Services: Combine email with voicemail
Audio-conferencing
Collaboration technologies Video
Case #4: Voice Over IP
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Case #4: Voice Over IP
Benefits: Install one line to carry voice and data
Reduced staff training
Improved productivity
Case #4: Voice Over IP
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Case #4: Voice Over IP
1. What are the main benefits that can be gainedby companies that switch to VoIP systems?
2. What are some of the major cost factors that
may limit a positive rate of return frominvestments in VoIP projects?
3. Should more companies switch to VoIPsystems? Visit the websites of Avaya andCisco Systems to view their VoIP news,products, and services to help you answer.
Summary
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Summary
Organizations are becoming networkedenterprises that use the Internet, intranets, andother telecommunications networks to supportbusiness operations and collaboration within the
enterprise, and with their customers, suppliers,and other business partners.
Telecommunications technology is movingtoward open, inter-networked digital networksfor voice, data, video and multimedia.
Summary
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Summary
Open systems with unrestricted connectivity
using Internet technologies are the primarytelecommunications technology drivers in e-business systems.
Companies are deriving strategic businessvalue from the Internet, which enables them todisseminate information globally, communicateand trade interactively with customizedinformation and services for individualcustomers, and foster collaboration of peopleand integration of business processes within theenterprise and with business partners.
Summary
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Summary
Businesses are installing and extendingintranets throughout their organizations to:
Improve communications and collaborationamong individuals and teams within the
enterprise
Publish and share valuable businessinformation easily, inexpensively, and
effectively via enterprise information portals Develop and deploy critical applications to
support business operations and decisionmaking
Summary
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Summary
The primary role of extranets is to link theintranet resources of a company to the intranetsof its customers, suppliers, and other businesspartners.
The major generic components of anytelecommunications network are: Terminals
Telecommunications processors Communications channels
Computers
Telecommunications software
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End of Chapter
Chapter
6