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Chapter Objectives
Describe several important trends occurringin computer software.
Give examples of several major types ofapplication and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popularsoftware packages for end user productivityand collaborative computing.
Outline the functions of an operating system.
Describe the main uses of high-level, fourth-generation, object-oriented, and Web-oriented programming languages and tools.
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Categories of Computer Software
General-Purpose
Programs
Application-Specific
Programs
SystemManagement
Programs
SystemDevelopment
Programs
ApplicationSoftware
ComputerSoftware
SystemSoftware
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Categories of Computer Software
DevelopmentTools
Special Applications
Hardware
Operating System
Graphics User Interface
Database ManagementSoftware
Databases
Games
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Functions of an Operating System
ResourceManagement TaskManagement
UserInterface
FileManagement
Utilities
and OtherFunctions
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Resource Management
OS uses variety of resources management programsto manage the hardware resources as well as
software resources.
CPU
Memory Processors
I/P and O/P deceives
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Task Managements
TM program of an OS help to accomplish thecomputing tasks of end users.
Access to CPU
Release of resource
High priority task
Allocation and deal location of CPU
multitasking
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File management
OS contains file management programs that controls Creation of file
Deletion of file
access(permission) r w x
To track of physical location on hard disk
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Trends in Computer Software
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
User-WrittenPrograms
MachineLanguages
PackagedPrograms
SymbolicLanguages
OperatingSystems
High-LevelLanguages
DBMSFourth-Generation
LanguagesMicrocomputer
Packages
Natural &Object-Oriented
LanguagesMultipurpose
Graphic- InterfaceNetwork-EnabledExpert-Assisted
Packages
Trend:Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled ApplicationPackages for Productivity and Collaboration
Trend:Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages andTools
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Categories of Programming Languages
Machine LanguagesUse binary codedinstructions
1001 1001
1100 1101
High Level LanguagesUse brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z
Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes
Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions
LOD YADD Z
Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements
Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects that
contain data and actionsDocument.write(Hi There)
First heading
SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS
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Categories of Programming Languages
10 PRINT HELLO 20 END
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Categories of Programming Languages
10 PRINT HELLO 20 GOTO 10
30 END
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Programming Language Translation
LanguageTranslationProcess
SourceProgram
MachineLanguage
ObjectProgram
Written inBASIC,
COBOL,etc.
LanguageTranslatorProgram
Compiler
Interpreter Assembler
IF A := BTHEN 1001101
11101010010110
Why do I want the source code?
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Categories of Programming Languages
Machine LanguagesUse binary codedinstructions
1001 1001
1100 1101
High Level LanguagesUse brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z
Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes
Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions
LOD YADD Z
Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements
Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects that
contain data and actionsDocument.write(Hi There)
First heading
SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS
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Application software types Custom development programming
Expensive
Consultant dependent
Hard to get out of
Within application development
Written within an existing software environment
Examples: Spreadsheets, Database applications
Turn key systems
Little customization dependent on the vendor
Turn it on and run it
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Categories of Programming Languages
DevelopmentTools
Special Applications
Hardware
Operating System
Graphics User Interface
Database ManagementSoftware
Databases
Games?
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Categories of software: Layering
The hardware is the center The system software operating system
Controls the hardware and supports the application Supports GUI (graphics user interfaces) Controls communications
Development software tools for creatingapplications Programming languages Database management software
Applications softwareThe big area
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Common General- Purpose Applications
A move toward generic applications that can beadapted spreadsheet software and database
software.
Electronic Mail
Word Processing Presentation Graphics
Multimedia
Personal Information Manager
Groupware
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Web Browsers
DiscussionGroups
Surf the Net LaunchInformationSearches
E-MailMultimedia
FileTransfer
Typical uses of a WebBrowser in Internet,
Intranet, and ExtranetEnvironments
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Database Management Packages
DatabaseDevelopment
DatabaseMaintenance
DatabaseInterrogation
ApplicationDevelopment
Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management
Packages
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KeyTechnologies
ofMultimedia
Video Capture
Card
Authoring
Language
StoryboardCompact Disk
Interactive
Sound BoardCompressed
Audio
Digital VideoInteractive
MIDIComputer
Edit System
InteractiveVideo
Digital Audio
Multimedia Technologies
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Business Enterprise Application Software
CustomerRelationshipManagement
HumanResource
Management
Accounting andFinancial
Management
SupplyChainManagement
EnterpriseResourcePlanning
BusinessDecisionSupport
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Summary
Software is more capable Software is more graphic oriented - GUI
Software takes more computer resources
Disk storage and RAM
Databases are more and more dominant Fewer standard computer languages
Software is more object oriented
Web based applications are increasing Database systems
http://../haag2006/CC03.ppthttp://../haag2006/CC03.ppt7/31/2019 MIS CHAPTER 04
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Chapter Summary
Computer software consists of two majortypes of programs: application software thatdirects the performance of a particular enduser task, and system software that controls
and supports the operations of a computersystem.
Application software includes a variety ofprograms that can be segregated into
general-purpose and application-specificcategories.
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Chapter Summary (cont)
System software can be subdivided intosystem management programs and systemdevelopment programs. The former is usedto manage hardware, software, networks, and
data resources. The latter is used by ISspecialists to develop computer programs.
An operating system is an integrated systemof programs that supervises the operations
of the CPU.
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Chapter Summary (cont)
There are 5 major levels of programminglanguages. Language translator programsconvert programming language instructionsinto machine language instructions.