MIS 456

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Management Information

Systems

MBA (II) Final Semester

Lectures 4,5,6Course Lecturer: Farhan Mir

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Lecture 4,5,6Systems & Models

(Concepts & Case Studies)

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Lecture Administration� Review from first week

� Questions regarding task 1

� Systems

± Definitions ± Examples

� Models

± Need for Models

± Types� Case Studies

± Caulfield Outback Tours

± Terrorism Information System

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Review from Week 1� Information Systems

± ³An organized combination of people, hardware,software, networks and data resources that collect,transforms, and disseminates information in the

organization.´ James O¶Brien (1998).

� Management Information Systems

± Above definition plus«..Systems that provide peoplewith information relating to organizational operation, to

support their Decision-Making activities ± Two Crucial Activities

� Information Management

� Management Reporting

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Data

Information

Knowledge

Information is

a difference

that makes a

difference

unstructured

,

uninformed

facts

To conceive of

knowledge as a collection

of information seems to

rob the concept of all of

its life... Knowledge

resides in the user and not

in the collection. It is how

the user reacts to a

collection of information

that matters(Experience)

Understanding the nature of information

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Various Information Systems

� TPS (Transaction Processing Systems)

� MIS (Management Information Systems)

� MRS (Management Reporting Systems)� DSS (Decision Support Systems)

� EIS (Executive Information Systems)

� SIS (Strategic Information Systems)

� KMS (Knowledge Management Systems)

� OIS (Office Information Systems)

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IS in Organizations

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IS Perspectives & Goals

� IS Perspectives ± Operational activities

± Management support

± KM

± Networking and e-activities� Objectives & Goals

± Operational Efficiency

± Functional Effectiveness

± Customer Service ± Product Creation & Enhancement

± Competitive Advantage

± Communication and Networking

± Control & Feedback

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Contemporary Issues� IS Theory seems to be still in evolution

� People/Management a trouble area

� Keeping yourself updated (choice of technologies)

� Investment Analysis for IS

� Interaction between IT and other functional areas� Career Development

� For us as Academic participants (Teachers &Students)

± Controversial area of study (Hype another factor)

± Still the most demanded course in field of IT

� Have a look at some debates:

± http://www.csc.com/features/2001/21.shtml

± http://www.csc.com/features/2002/22.shtml

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Other Challenges

� The challenge of IS planning� The challenge of time required for successful

organizational learning about IT limits the practical speed of change

� The challenge of managing disruptivetechnologies (e.g. the Internet)

� The challenge of developing competencies for harnessing IT

� The challenge of remaining ethical� The challenge of information security

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Counter Strategies

� ??????????? (More Questions than answers)

� Circumstances might change from situation tosituation and organization to organization

� Continuous search for better IS options

� Knowledge about IS issues/strategies is morecrucial than having the latest technology

� Recommendations

± Analysis of the IS decisions will require same care anddeep thinking as done for other business and functional

problems/situations

± Project Management

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Systems

� A system is made up of a number of parts combined in a particular way to do something useful. We

think of the combined parts as asingle thing and we give it a name.

Wheels, axles, pedals, gears, chain, seat and

handlebars are combined to form a single whole

we call a bicycle. A bike is a system when all theparts are connected correctly because it allows

the rider to move from one place to another more easily.

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Systems� Systematic

± Words like ³Arrangements, Coordination´

± Objectives of Systems (clear definition, optimization)

� What is a System?

± Interrelated Elements that collectively work to achieve

a common goal

± Physical Elements

± Logical constitution

± System Environment (internalVs. external influences)

� Types ± Open Vs. Closed

� For a look at a simple system, go through the link:

± http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/4b.html

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Systems«..

� Examples ± Universities

� Departments

� Staff

� Courses

� Hostels etc.� Environment

� Logical Arrangements

± Class Room

� Whiteboard

� Chairs, Tables� Technologies (projectors)

� Teachers

� Students

� Non-physical Things (Guess what could be?)

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System Models� What is a Model?

± Presentation of real world elements and the relationshipamong them

± Porter¶s five forces Model, Management level¶s Modeletc.

� Why we need Models

� Types (GeneralVs Specific)

± Graphical

± Mathematical

± Narrative

± Physical

� Examples

± Organization¶s general model

± Strategic Planning Models

± DSS (utilizing models & modeling techniques)

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Case Study 1

� Caulfield Outback Tours

± Australian Company that arranges tours throughout

Australian Outback

± Started as a small company with restricted assets and

few Location Options.

± Gradually expanded it¶s operations and now arranging

tours for multiple locations with expended facilities

± The target customers are basically Students from

Universities (especially Monash Uni. CaulfieldCampus)

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Case Study 2

� Terrorism Information System ± Program to detect, classify and identify Foreign

terrorism in US

± Eventually support timely action in case of terrorismattacks

± In case of an event, ³Analysis support´ to detect past patterns for a similar attach

± Policy Making for Future course of action

± Have a look at Web for further details:

http://www.darpa.mil/iao/TIASystems.htm

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Conclusion & Recommendations

� Organization need to develop SystematicApproach

± To Clearly identify related components and influences

± Rearrange components and their relationship to achievemaximum optimization

� Models are useful way to

± Express complex systems

± Both qualitative and quantitative modeling tools help in better understanding about general and specific

situations ± System Models often utilized to represent the complete

picture (the ³whole situation´)

± System Development one clear example

± Decision systems often requires modeling support

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Another Case

� Systems interact with eachother and work in

collaboration to achieveoverall effectiveness, have alook at an Airport system andsupporting subsystems:

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References� Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). ³Management Information

Systems: Action & Strategy´. (2nd Ed). Chapter 3

� Geographical Systems: Systems and the dynamics of their

components. Web: http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/4b.html

� Terrorism Information System: Terrorism Information Awareness

Program Web: http://www.darpa.mil/iao/TIASystems.htm

Documents

MIS 456