MINUTES OF THE MEETING BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE

50TH LEGISLATIVE SESSION

March 11, 1987

The meeting of the Business and Labor Committee was called to order by Chairman Les Kitselman on March 11, 1987 at 8:00 a.m. in Room 312-F of the State Capitol.

ROLL CALL: All members were present.

SENATE BILL NO. 34 - Exempt Salaried Officers, Owners, and Directors From Unemployment Insurance, sponsored by Senator Ethel Harding, Senate District No. 25, Polson. Senator Harding stated this bill exempts certain salaried officers, directors of corporations and salaried owners and officers of partnerships, associations, and sole proprietorships from the unemployment insurance law. She stated this bill was originally intended to help small business, and it has been amended in the Senate to include corporate officers. Sen. Harding stated current law allows corporate officers to opt out or reject workers' compensation and receive benefits if they are injured, while at the same time they have to pay into the unemployment fund and can not draw from that fund because they are considered self-employed. She then ad­dressed the amendments in the bill and the intention to affect only small, closely-held corporations.

PROPONENTS

Tim Bartz, from Anderson and ZurMuehlen CPA's, Helena. Mr. Bartz stated this bill is positive for small closely-held business, and a form of insurance and should be an elective proposition. He said the users of the insurance should be the ones that pay for it. He commented that this bill returns the insurance fund to a user-based system and brings parity into this area for businesses.

The following representatives wanted to be listed as propo­nents:

Rep. Ray Brandewie, House District No. 49, Bigfork

Rep. Clyde Smith, House District No.5, Kalispell

Rep. Norm Wallin, House District No. 78, Bozeman

Rep. Larry Grinde, House District No. 30, Lewistown

Rep. Tom Jones, House District No.4, Kalispell

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 2

OPPONENTS

None.

QUESTIONS

Rep. Driscoll asked Chuck Hunter, Department of Labor and Industry, what effect the Federal Unemployment Insurance Tax has on these people. Mr. Hunter responded that individuals opting out of the state program would have to participate in the federal unemployment tax at a much higher rate.

Rep. Driscoll asked if, in addition to the federal tax, a closely-held corporation had 4 people working and each qualified because they owned more than 10% of the stock, and had 10 workers who were seasonal workers, wouldn't that drive up the rate for that individual company because less money was going into the fund from that company. Mr. Hunter responded that was correct.

Rep. Brandewie asked if the federal government would a FUTA tax if a person is specifically prohibited by from drawing unemployment from the state of Montana. Hunter responded that they do.

CLOSING

charge law Mr.

Senator Harding stated employers pay FUDA (federal tax) on the employees, and do not pay a higher rate or a rate on the directors, because it comes out across the employees. She said this was fair legislation for the small businesses in Montana who are paying into this fund but unable to draw from it as a resource.

Rep. Brandewie will sponsor the bill in the House.

SENATE BILL 99 - Require Dealer, Wholesale Seller to Dis­close Gemstone Treatment, sponsored by Senator Jack Galt, Senate District No. 16, Martinsdale. Sen. Jack Galt stated this bill would require disclosure of sapphire treatment by a dealer and a wholesale seller, and to provide for civil cause of action against the same for failure to disclose sapphire treatment.

PROPONENTS

Ward Shanahan, Helena lawyer representing Ron Kunisaki, owner of the yogo sapphire mine at Lewistown. Mr. Shanahan stated this is actually a truth in advertising law to protect the producer and the consumer. He submitted written testimony. Exhibit No.1.

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 3

Lanny Perry, representing Vortex Mining. Mr. Perry stated that he wanted the bill to be amended to address gemstones instead of sapphires because there have been cases of irradiated topaz coming out of South America with toxic levels. He stated other stones that are being treated are amber, beryl, emeralds, coral, corundum ruby, corundum sapphires, lapis lazurite, opal, pearls, quartz citrine, tanzanite, topaz, tourmaline, turquoise, and zircon.

OPPONENTS

Jim Adair, Jewelry Store owner, stated the only beneficiary of the legislation will be the people who have a vested interest in yogo sapphire mining. He stated this is not a consumer protection piece of legislation. He added there is no scientific test that will determine the treatment of a sapphire and the professional jeweler will be penalized by this legislation because there is no time limitation in the legislation and the inability to determine treatment of stones to guarantee their status.

Don Johnson, Johnson Jewelry, Helena, said he owns and operates the only heat treatment plant in Montana and treats Montana as well as foreign stones. He said he is also a retail jeweler and sees the same problems addressed by Mr. Adair. He stated heat treatment of a stone is not detectable 100% of the time. He stated certain portions of all Montana stones have been heat treated at one time or another to enhance or alter their value. He urged opposi­tion of this legislation.

QUESTIONS

Rep. Grinde asked Mr. Adair if the quality of a yogo sap­phire could be gotten from other mines. Mr. Adair responded that you could.

Rep. Grinde asked if other stones are being sold in the state from other mines that are being sold as yogo sap­phires. Mr. Adair responded that he did not know, but a yogo has to be from a yogo mine and is stated as such at the point of sale.

CLOSING

Sen. Galt stated that if the heat treatment is so undetect­able as the jewelers say, he suggests that it is even more important to identify it, or require guarantees concerning it. He said said it is important to detect treatment of sapphires as well as their authenticity.

SENATE BILL NO. 364 - Allow Sale of Beer in Grandstand of Fairground or Public Sports Arena, sponsored by Senator Richard Manning, Senate District No. 18, Great Falls.

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 4

Senator Manning stated this bill would allow holders of special permits or catering endorsements to sell beer in the grandstand and bleacher area of a county fairground or public sports arena. He stated at the present time you can buy beer and take it into the grandstand area, and this legislation would allow the vendors to bring the beer to the customers.

PROPONENTS

Lonne Chatwood, representing MetraPark submitted written testimony. Exhibit No.2.

OPPONENTS

None.

QUESTIONS

Rep. Thomas asked Senator Manning if the fair could prohibit the sale of beer if this allows them to sell it. Senator Manning responded they wouldn't have a catering license if the fair wouldn't allow them to have one.

Rep. Brandewie asked if fairs were considered as family entertainment, why does selling alcohol have to be intro­duced into this situation. Mr. Chatwood responded that it is available now, and the vending in the stands would make a difference.

CLOSING

Sen. Manning read a letter from Bill Chiesa, Billings, stating the purpose of the legislation was to generate more revenue which would result in less tax support for local fairs in the state.

Rep. Glaser will sponsor the legislation in the house.

EXECUTIVE ACTION

ACTION ON SENATE BILL NO. 364

Rep. Brandewie moved that Senate Bill No. 364 BE CONCURRED IN. The motion carried with Rep. Hansen, Rep. Wallin, and Rep. Brown opposed.

SENATE BILL 237 - Exclude Radio and Television Advertising Salesmen From Overtime Compensation, sponsored by Rep. Paul Boylan, Senate District No. 39, Bozeman. Senator Boylan stated this bill would exclude radio and television station advertising salesmen from the overtime compensation provi­sions of the state wage laws.

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 5

PROPONENTS

Jerry Loendorf, representing Montana Broadcasters Associa­tion. Mr. Loendorf stated that wage regulation laws have excluded outside salesmen from their scope. He said the salesman works away from his employer's place of business and does not work under direct supervision, and to a large extent is in business for himself, and in that respect he arranges his own contacts, and is paid on a commission basis. He commented that a salesman can sell at any time, and it would be difficult to limit working hours.

Bob Foster, KCAP/KZMT Radio, Helena. Mr. Foster stated he would be inhibited to work without this bill. He said he enjoys the flexibility and the freedom to set his time, and the markets could not afford to pay overtime for the amount of hours they work.

OPPONENTS

None.

QUESTIONS

None.

CLOSING

Senator Boylan made no further comments.

EXECUTIVE ACTION

ACTION ON SENATE BILL NO. 237

Rep. Brandewie moved that Senate Bill No. 237 BE CONCURRED IN.

Rep. Simon moved to amend the bill to include all media salesmen, change the title to "advertising media" and include a coordination clause. The motion failed with a tie vote.

Rep. Brandewie moved SB 237 BE CONCURRED IN. The motion carried with Rep. Driscoll and Rep. Nisbet opposed.

SENATE BILL 103 - Clarifies Method for Payment of the Standard Prevailing Rate of Wages, sponsored by Senator Tom Hager, Senate District No. 48, Billings. Senator Hager stated this bill would revise the method of payment of the standard prevailing rate of wages when an employer is not a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and eliminates the requirement to pay fringe benefits as wages. He stated

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 6

this does not change the prevailing wage rate of the Davis-Bacon Act wages.

PROPONENTS

Lloyd Lockrem, representing Montana Contractors Association. Mr. Lockrem presented the state prevailing wage rates and explained that this legislation would allow employers to buy pension and health insurance for their employees but only at those amounts as specified on the line by line basis. He' stated there had been suggestions that an amendment be placed on the bill which would allow an election of the employees concerning fringes paid as benefits or wages. He stated they oppose these amendments because (1) the legisla­tion is making these rules consistent with the federal Davis Bacon Act and (2) there is no bargaining on fringe benefits between an employer and an employee group. The state has' unilaterally imposed the $3.15 upon the employer for fringe benefits for his employees. He submitted information on the prevailing wage rates in Montana. Exhibit No.3.

Marvin Leeman, contractor, Great Falls. Mr. Leeman stated they pay benefits out as wages, but his employees requested the benefits be paid into a trust on their behalf for insurance and a retirement plan. He said he was unaware that this could not be done until another contractor was audited and it was found that this was not an allowable practice. He stated this also places his company at a competitive disadvantage under the current law because they pay 35% to 40% additional taxes on the benefits paid direct­ly to the employee, about $1.05 per hour per man. He stated this legislation would provide medical retirement plans for the employees and place his company in line with competitive bidding on projects.

Tim Ecklund, National Western Life representative, described the trust accounts available to builders and contractors for themselves and their employees through their company. Exhibit No.4.

Michael Hutton, Insurance Exchange, Billings. Mr. Hutton stated that the benefits to employers and employees to be able to establish trust accounts for insurance, retirement, or other purposes is important. He said it is a fairness issue, and the the Insurance Commissioner's Office enforces the legality and the financial strength of the companies. He said this bill is good for the economy and for the workers, as they need protection, pension plans, health insurance and disability.

John Felton, Felton Construction Company. Mr. Felton stated they have their own plan, and the way it now stands they

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 7

have to pay twice. He said that is the problem with the Davis-Bacon as it is set up.

OPPONENTS

Gene Fenderson, representing Montana State Building Con­struction Trades Council, and Labors Local 254. Mr. Fenderson stated this legislation cannot be dealt with lightly because it deals with people's lives and millions of dollars. He said the international labor union has a plan offered by National Western Life which tells them that it takes them almost one-third more to run programs that are not as good as theirs. He said the kinds of plans they are talking about are plans that are being put forward by National Western Life from Austin Texas, a company that is an international union with over 600,000 members now has six violations of ARISA statutes and rights in regard to trust assets. He submitted a flier distributed a month ago in the state to show employers how to save tax dollars. Exhibit No.4.

He said the fiscal note states the Department of Labor approves those plans, but in the bill it states it is not the Department of Labor that will be approving but the federal government. He stated employers can only pay into this plan if they are performing Davis-Bacon work. He pointed out trust agreements unions have with employers call for the payment of pension, health and welfare, and vaca­tions funds on all hours worked, whether in the private sector or the public sector. He submitted the cost of auditing and monitoring employers for compliance with the trust accounts and questioned the fiscal note attached with the legislation as well as who would be responsible for monitoring compliance with the legislation. Exhibit No.5.

He submitted a copy from the Spokane Sunday, July 20, 1986 edition describing a contractor who supposedly provided benefits from a fund established with National Western Life. He said the funds were withheld but never deposited. He noted the public entity would have been responsible for the deficit if the bond had not covered this shortfall. Exhibit No.6.

Bob Kinghorn, representing Operating Engineers and the Teamsters Union. Mr. Kinghorn submitted written testimony. Exhibit No.7.

QUESTIONS

Rep. Driscoll asked if there was a penalty for early with­drawal from the plan. Mr. Ecklund responded there is a penalty for early withdrawal; the upfront penalty after 2 years without any contributions, if a worker stays with the

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 8

same contractor, or 6 months of nonemployment he can draw out his money, and is assessed an 18% early withdrawal penalty on the first year's contribution and a 3% penalty on the second to the fifth year.

Rep. Driscoll asked if the 18% is then divided among the other participants in the plan. Mr. Ecklund responded that it was a singular penalty assessed to that individual contract, and the company gets the 18%.

Rep. Driscoll asked if the employer signs up in the health insurance plan and pays the hours worked but he does not pay for it, is the employee covered. Mr. Ecklund said the employee was not covered. Rep. Driscoll said under the union plans if the employee proves he has worked, they provide them with the health insurance. Mr. Lockrem re­sponded that the employee is protected under the Montana Little Davis Bacon Act, and that the Department of Labor provides for that under section 18-2-407.

Rep. Wallin asked if under a union contract, the union worker does not have any say as to whether the money is paid in cash and goes directly to the union insurance fund. Mr. Lockrem responded that Montana law without Senate Bill No. 103 states that predetermined fringe benefits have to be paid in wages. He said if the employer were to provide health insurance for his workers, he would still have to pay the fringes in cash and out of his own pocket provide the health insurance, so from a practical purpose they are not providing the coverage.

Rep. Bachini asked what would happen if the Little Davis Bacon Act is repealed. Mr. Lockrem responded that the only bill that is still alive is SB 10, and that bill only applies to the local governments, city, county, and school districts, and in that case, there would not be any prede­termined fringe benefits, but Senate Bill 103 would still be applicable to state work.

CLOSING

Senator Hager stated that the "paid irrevocably" on line 1, page 2, means that the employer who puts the money into that fund cannot get any money from that fund.

SENATE BILL 213 - Regulating the Offering and Sale of Timeshares, sponsored by Senator Joseph Mazurek, Senate District No. 23, Helena. Senator Mazurek stated that this bill was at the request of the Board of Realty Regulation. He said the bill would regulate the offering and sale of timeshares, would provide for registration of offerings and licensure of salespeople, and provide remedies and penalties

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 9

for violations. He noted there is no current regulation of this industry in the state.

PROPONENTS

John Dudis, attorney, and chairman of Board of Realty, Kalispell. Mr. Dudis stated the Department of Commerce has had many complaints on the timeshare industry, and they felt that the industry needed regulation. He said this bill has been approved by the industry also.

Robert Helding, representing Montana Association of Real­tors. Mr. Helding stated this bill was needed, submitted an amendment to clarify the legislation. Exhibit No.9.

John Tripp, Double Arrow Ranch, Seeley Lake. Mr. Tripp stated this industry is regulated in virtually every state that has resort activity, and it should be regulated in Montana.

OPPONENTS

None.

QUESTIONS

Rep. Thomas asked what the problems were in the timeshare industry that resulted in the complaints. Mr. Dudis re­sponded the majority of timeshare complaints dealt with individuals not receiving what they thought they would as prizes. He stated they are also asking for a three (3) day rider provision to allow buyers a chance to get out of the contract if they so choose. Mr. Doodis further stated this legislation would register the units and the salesmen who are selling the contracts.

Chairman Kitselman referred this bill into a subcommittee consisting of Rep. Brandewie, Rep. Hansen, and Rep. Bachini, with Rep. Brandewie as chairman.

CLOSING

Senator Mazurek stated the timeshares are like having securities, stocks and bonds and other things sold as investments, which need jurisdiction. He said he had no objections with the amendments to the legislation as long as there will be no potential for abuse.

EXECUTIVE ACTION

ACTION ON SENATE BILL 34

Rep~ Jones made a motion that SB 34 BE CONCURRED IN.

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE MARCH 11, 1987 PAGE 10

Rep. Driscoll stated the Unemployment Insurance Act is a federal act which the states can take over if they comply with federal regulations. He stated if this bill passes it will raise the unemployment insurance taxes on every employ­er who is not a deficit employer. He stated they will be required to pay 6.2% on the first $7,000 to the federal government, or $434.00 for each person, instead of paying into the state. Rep. Driscoll said if they are a nondeficit employer at the 2.7% rate they presently pay $393.50 on themselves; while at the highest nondeficit rate of 3.2% they pay $456.00. He added the deficit employer, the one paying 6% to 6.5%, will save money. Rep. Driscoll explained the same scenario that the Workers' Compensation Fund has will result from taking money from it, and soon it will be insolvent or the trust fund level will be reduced which will trigger all employers into a higher schedule of taxes to cover the fund while sending money to the federal government instead of the state. He added this legislation would drain the trust fund and trigger an increase to the contributions for every employer.

Rep. Thomas moved that Senate Bill No. 34 BE TABLED. The motion carried.

ADJOURNED

The meeting was adjourned at 11:15 a.m.

REP. LES KITSELMAN, Chairman

DAILY ROLL CALL

BUSINESS & LABOR

SJth LEGISLATIVE SESSION

COMMITTEE

1987

Date r.1ARCH 11, 1987

------------------------------- --------- -- -----------------------NAME PRESENT ABSENT EXCUSED

REP. LES KITSELMAN, CHAIRMAN ~

REP. FRED THOMAS, VICE-CHAIRMAl ~

REP. BOB BACHINI '- -----REP. RAY BRANDEWIE '-~.

REP. JAN BROWN L---~

REP. BEN COHEN L ...-----

REP. JERRY DRISCOLL '-~

REP. WILLIAM GLASER ~

REP. LARRY GRINDE i.------/

REP. STELLA JEAN HANSEN '- .-------

REP. TOM JONES i-~ --REP. LLOYD MCCORMICK L.~

REP. GERALD NISBET '-~ .-

REP. BOB PAVLOVICH ~~.

REP. BRUCE SIMON L-----/

REP. CLYDE SMITH L-~-

REP. CHARLES SWYSGOOD L~

REP. NORM WALLIN L-~

CS-30

STANDING COMMITTEE REPORT

_____ ~ ____ 1 __ 1_1 __________ 19 81

i .act T1~ Mr. Speaker: We, tbe,eQmmHtee on ______ WS __ Dl __ ~ ____ ~ __ D_~ ___ a ________________ __

'.:~<:;S:~ "'_'ft BILL NO. 211 report ____ ~..:_;..:~~~~~~~~~~~ _____________________________ _

o do pass ~ be concurred in o as amended o do not pass o be not concurred in o statement of intent attached

Chairman

ftIltD BLtm _______ reading copy ( _____ _ color

STANDING COMMITTEE REPORT

___ MAllC __ t:B __ 1_1 _____ 19 .,

~.

Mr. Speaker: We, t .. ittee on _____ 80_S_·_IDSS ___ MD __ l.A8O ___ a __ ~-------

t Bn..t. lIO. 36. repor ____ ~ __ ~-------------------------------------

o do pass . ~ be concurred in o as amended o do not pass o be not concurred in o statement of intent attached

Chairman

t l7ld Rep. Willa. G1 __ U' to apoDlIOx"

TJIlllD m..tJB reading copy (

color

House Business and Labor Committee

N~ Ward A. Shanahan BILL NO.

ADD RES S_~30It..llL..J..F.L!j r...lsUc.t-LNJj!a"",t~i o!.Wn!.!i!.a.J..,l ".IoB!.!o!.a.!.!.ln k~--I(...:!4~42:..:-~8.:t.:.56~OI..L) ____ DATE 3/11 /8 7

WHOM DO YOU REPRESENT Attorney--Roncor. Inc. (Owner Yogo Sapphi re Mi ne)

SUPPORT X OPPOSE AMEND --~~------- ------------------~ --------------------

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

Comments:

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:

For the record, my name is ~~ard Shanahan. I am a Helena attorney, and I am appearing at the request of Mr. Ron Kunisaki, President of Roncor, Inc., the owner of the Yogo Sapphire Mine near Lewistown, in support of SB99.

I am submitting to you the prepared testimony of Mr. Kunisaki and will try to answer any questions you may have. If I cannot answer these questions directly, I will try to get the information for you.

You may reach me at the above address.

Roncor (formerly currenl. o\.;ner of lion tans.

I.!i£ PROBLEM

T E S 1 I M 0 N Y 0 F

RO~AL~ rl. KL~ISAKI, P~ESIDEKT

lWJ\COR. ~~C. 2056 S. BAP~lN~TON AVE~UE LOS A~GE~E5, CA 90025

RE: SL~ATE BILL ~O. 99

S i:l 1'1, it ire the Y()I~O

IntGrneltional Sapphire Hine

Corporation) located near

is the Utica,

AlmoSL everyone in the gerel/ jewelry indt:stry now admits that there are serious abusos of ech1c.al sales r-racL1ces within ihl.::! g\31111 jewelry mcJrkctplacc. In fact, even til"" jewelry trade press dOCUlltenLs and admits t.h(~sc abuses. For OXf\'~lj)le:

T li E N AT 10 HAL J E ~n: L E R ~ u r v e y e d j C i,' C 1 (~ r son the S 11 b j e c\.:o f g e li1

treatment and reported that t~e federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Rules re~uirins Ji~c10sure of treatment of colored gems have been ~lrlely ignored since 19~7.

THE GOLDSNITH jn an arl:!.cle on 3crn treatment notes "Of C 'J U r s e,i t 'g :1 0 S (' C r (l t t h ::1 t t!: C' 1 r~ des try doc s not follow t Ii i Sl ( FTC ) r u 1 e •.• S 0 IT', 0 d 0 \~ 't d: s c 1 0 :i e tJ e c ~ \.I 5 C the y don' t wan t L 0, but r.: an}' 0 t ~ C? r s s i 71 p] Y (~() n 't i< now w hie h () f the s I,; 0 n est hey s ell u r E- t r G Cl ted ': e ~ ;) j l f! t:1 e f act t 11 ate 1 nl 0 S t

eve r 'i corn Ii: ere j ;'1 ~ ~ ~ C 11 e sol d t 0 d n y :i;;l s bee n t rea ted i n i) C) H, t: way."

AHE1HCAN GEn fRAU?. .\SSOCIl\TIO:·;'S President is quot~d ill The Nalional JeHe~'2r cJS tollo ... 's: " Since 1957, we have been un de rob 1 i gat ~ ::; 1: :: j tj i s c los~' t r ~ :l t fi: e n t s as 0 U t 1 inc din I. It e FtC Guidelines boi:1g ~8ck to t.r.ut period •• ,No ono did it. It's not that "'0 c:d:1't ... ·ant to di!'iclose. it's that We didn'l. know hal< tCl go 8Jc,ut it."

1

The above abuses and problems car. be more and Uiluersto(.Hi 3S follows:

spec.ifically ..

explainod

1. :-IATURAL G;:~;STO;JSS C()~r:1A;m TIIEIR HIGH VAUIE PRYHAPILY DL:E TO THEIH RARITY

Natt.:l-.:11 8cmstoncs c<)rnr:ar.d and value primarily due to their

r.1:3.intsin £l hiSh rarity.

The scarcity 0f deposits of natural cem-Quality gemstones has created the dGmand for technoloGY La take relatively worthless nan-ge~ quality material and make it appear dangerously equiva.lent to natur81/rarc gQlils!,:or\e$.

There are three categories of gemstones today, i.e.

a. Entirely natural, and therefore rare. b. Artificially treated/enchanced stones. c. SyntheLically r.latJuiactured stones tht'lt i.11·JIH~(\r

equivalent to natural semAtones.

However, du'~~ to the consunt!r' s ignorance and industry's failure Lo disclose treatment and consumer, the typical consumer is unaware of 1.e. artif1c1ally [r~aLed/enhanced stones.

tht!! jewelry educate tho Category b,

The result is that consumers are buying artificially t rea ted S e i~ s t 0 11 e sun d <.! r the fa J s ~ ass u In jll ion t hat t lH~ ]' are naturtll ;:"ind rat!:!. FutthurmotC!t the price fitructure of tr~aLed gemstones is based largely Uflon lhi~ false assumption.

Unwary consumers Qre often purchasing treated gomstones at natural/rare gemEtone priccE. One can now begin to understand the lack of incentive for the gcm/jow~lry industry to educate the ~ubllc.

2. GE~S/JEWELRY ~RE UNIQUE, QU~LITATIVE AND SUBJECTIve I\ NATURE; A~U, THE~EFORE DO ~or READILY PEKMI1 OBJECTIV~ N~A~UI{ENLr(j~. LAI.H.LING A!'i]) l~RICE C()~tPARISON

The val U C 0 f g C I7l 5 / j e iV G 1 r y i 5 ext r e fi1 ely q II iJ lit a t. i v c (\ !: ~ subjective in nature. Each gemstone and piece of jewelr; is on~-of-a-kind. much likG paintings.

'-

In fact, much like an artist's painting, gems/jewelry d~ not often lend tbems • .?lves to objective/quantitativ" meosuremc.>nts. labeling and price comparisons. Moreover, the value of these llniqu'~ products i.s often in the eye_~. lhe beholder, ratl1<:T than a rigid price structura.

-2-

For exampl~, Jap~nding upon qualitative differences, a 1 carat sapphire can range in price from $15 to ~2.000.

The consumer finds iL difficult to co~pare the prices of various merchallUs since v~ry rarely do triO merchants helvO the e x act s a ill e g e III / .i e \v e 1 r y III e r c 11 (-;I Il dis e •

A S 8 U c h • the con ~ U ::'. e r com p E: tiL 1 () n :~ () e S :1 0 t;

indu9try.

prol~CllO!l

aftt!n apply provided by price in the };(~I!l/je ..... elry

J. HIGH LeV £L OF \)LPE:;iH:::t{l'E A!W TRUST Or' THE GEr-!/ J2\H2L~: Y CONSUMEN O~ THE AffI~MArlvE HONESTY AND DISCLOSURE OF THE (3 El"l / .] J::: WLER Y ~'lE R CHANT

In light of tho following factors, ge~/jewelry consumars are placed in a position of inordinate dependence upon the affirmative honesty of the gem/jewelry merchant to r u 11 y a L) d 11 0 11 i2 S L 1 }' Lll. ::> t.: 1 u s ~ L It ~ r u 11 II d. L u r' I: (.1 r L II e '6 e ,i, / jewelry being purchaDcd:

8. Precise t~chnology readily available today to make synthotic and artificially treated gemstones appear natural to the untrained consumer.

b. The unique n~turc of gC~3/jcwelry does not permit conSLlmers to price sbop/co'cpt'lrc, <lnu therefore! docs not permit Llle cvlrlpf!titiv(! m",d:et forces to protec.t the r.()n~IIOlp.r.

c. The subjective/qualitative nature of the vt'llue of gems/Jewelry of ton results in the value being left to the eyes of the beholder. As such, tremendous price differences in the marketplace can exist for equ1val~nt gems/jewelry.

d. Small difference~ in the (Juality of a gemstone (thClt t y pic ale 0 n s u nl e r s il a v e i::I d i f tic tI 1 t tim e sec i n g and <lppreCiclLlllg), <.::;111 result in substantial price differences. For ~x~rnplc, an inclusion-free gemstone i S 0 f t e !I "'. () r t. h 2 - 3 tim C S l!1 (I ret han age la s ton e \. 1 t 11

a few slight inclusions. Often such inclu~ions are only visihle under r.lugnified vision and/or disclosure by the m~rchant.

e. Gem/ j(!', ... ~lry buying is eXLremt:!ly c,ornplcx/tcchnical. Typical COnSllf:WrS do not kno..... the right und nee e :3 S E1 r y q \l (! S t ion s t 0 a 8 k the g e L1 / jewel r y In ere han t •

-3-

:.Jespite this inordinate d~8rec of trust. the gem/jewelry in d u s try rem ;) j 11 $ [) net'> f t :: e ( e "'. TJ • S • j n cl tj :3 t r i e S 11 (> t required tv i.'ifflrrnativC::!ly and fuUy discL)Si~ the precis.? ~ natura of tho produ~t being sold. Intcad, the gem/jewelry industry has placed the b~rden on the consumer to ask all the right q~estion3 (knowi~g all along that the ~yp1c81 con 3 u mer ~!1 .) ',,; ~ ton 1 i t l ] e t () i'! S k l hen e c e s s a r y que s t ion s t <) U a ~~ e a I, U: U) r r:i e ,j d (: (,; 1 :; l. () 11) •

4. S0PIlISTIC,\7:::D I;;:,:: T'\~:i\T"TTl TU~i-H;OLCGY PERtHT TAKrjG i~ELATIVU.:r \!(j,J.!;LL)') :,,::\ :I,\'j l.:a/\I. ;\:jlJ ~:t'd\,~;-;G IT APPEAI', D.\:~GERC)US:,Y J~:<t'=':,\LS,iT IC :':ATCRAL/HARE GE~ISr()KES

Sophjsitic~tc1 rcc~nol0iY h~s allowed man to take rel~tlvely worthless gOG matcri~l Dnd turn it intu stones t 11 at.: <i r (~ d (1 n ~~ ~ r () II sly c los c ina p IH~ a ran C c;: to til e natural/rar~ gem$tones.

Whitish cOf'...1:ld'...1tn, referred ttl as 'gued~i', can be treaLed to blue sapphires. This prucess has perfected in Sri LankJ, Thailand Bnd Australia. A example of th~ treatment of geudas was covered art i c 1 cab <) u t the t1 I d a :1 0 G e u d a II i nth e Feb r u a r y Lapidary JO'Jl'nctl issue. (Sec aLtac.hed copy.)

heat: beel! good

in an 19l:!7

5. GE:'l TREA rp1I:Wr CEEATES TilE TANTALIZING OPPORTUNITY l,'OR THE .... GEHI JE\~ELln DEALE1'; T1J Tern: TUE PERCEPTION OF RARITY /HIGH VA:"UE TO A DECEP'rrON OF l\A1(ITY/J:!~H VALUE

Gem/jewelry dealer~/merchants are unable to sell treated gem s t 0 11 e 6 tot h e i a f (I r In e d pur c has a r for t h l~ 5 a In cpr c m i u m price oC naLural/r~rc gumstoncs.

ROUC.UL' 1Ii;i:;i !I() ol.ijGctions t.o the treatment of stones in ;j n d 0 fit s elf. H 0 n c: <) r ISO lJ j eeL 1 0 I) S [0 c u son un e t hie 81 marketing of treated stones.

tis long as refl:;ctivc of

treatment js disclosed Dnd the price is 5 U C 11. t 11 e c C! n S U Iii I;: r i S 11 () t h a r In e d •

H 0 iv eve r J \{ h <? n t r.= 8. t :!~ ,? r: t i:; tl () ~ (\:i S C los c d <:l n d the con sum c r pur c has cst ~ 12 Pol ere II fl n d :1 8 (! a t a i'r icc bus c d up 0 n t 11 e. fa 1 5 C

assumption tha:: the gt:t:;stone,'::i ar-c natural, and therefore raro, thl? cotlS'.lrJer ~s harr.lcd.

D~spite the fTC Rules of 1057, the gem/jewelry industrr has knowinc;lr let L:\(~ Ufl\,ary conSUr.lC'r believe he/she is pur c has j Tl ,oj a ;). J t l~ r a 1 / t' Ii reg e r:l$ ton e w hen the gem / jaw e 1 r ;; in d u s try k no \; .:; s u chi SilO l t:l C (; a::; e \d t hal m 0 S t eye r i' g t! rJ S ton eon t h C' j',l ark d L l 0 d 8 Y •

-4-

1 n 5 h 0 r t , duo tot h e 1 CI ci( 0 f 1 c & a 1 a f fir 1HH i v e d 1.J t yon Ll, e g t:: IU/ jew 8 1 r y 111 J u ;.., L t}' L u t! 1 ~ (; 1 u ::;,~ 15 e :11 L r I~ '::1 l r.; c n t, t h ~ C 0 11 S U nI e r (" h a 1 sty 12 i calI y una \>'3. r e / u n i n for in (' ~l ) 1 s () ! ~ end e c.: e 1 v e din LOP a y 1 it g the h i g 11 pre Tn i UITI P riC (,! C) f natural/rare geMslones for lower quality/artifici~l]y t;re<"iled stones.

Gem creatnlent has become S0 sophisticated that eften o~ly GX~Grt3 CCln detect the treiltr.1~;1t. Knu·..:i:':g t!t1:;;, the disilone3t gem I ~e~;2~ry mercil"lat Cunnot resist the tan t Ii 11/.1 :1 g :j I' j:~) r t '.I r~ : ~ i' ere ate d the reb y to S C 11 t. rea t e (j stenes as nat~ral/rare g~mstGncs.

1" 11 esc d 1 s h 0:1 G s t j C '.' c 1 C' r s pre r en til ceo n Ii i.l m r: l" ':j 1 g w,n- n;; ,_ t! and trust to ~ako unfair profits by turning the PEHCEPfrON of a natural/rare gemstone into a DECEPTIO~ af a natural/rare stone.

6. GE:·! Tl\EATNEN'l' IS A \'iIDESFREAl> Pl{AC1'rC£. BUT A VLRY '~ELL KEPT SEC!{E'l' \HTi!lN THE GH1/·JEI·il::Ll'Y INDUS'fKY

Gem treatment is not a small and isolated occurenco. Most colored gemstones on the market today have boon tre~ted by means of heat, dyes, oils, radiation, lasering and other processes.

Gem e x per t s h a veE: $ t :I. 1'1 C:t ted t :~ ;~ tat lea s t 9 5 ~; 0 f the s a 11 P h 1 r e!~ ~ n d r II b j c son t h ~ mar k I:! t t 0 day h a v e bee 11 h e a L treaeed; yeL, des~1t~ this widespread gem treatmenL practice, very few consumers ore aware of gem treatment.

The consumers ignorance of heat treatment and tho lack of educational efforts by jewelry consumer groups, makos it unfair and unrealistic to place the burden upon the con 9 U mer t 0 a .s k abo u t g e ill L rea Lin e Il L ( ~l S t 11 e gem I jewel l'j' industry desires for obvious reasons).

l\ 0 nc:o r is 11 U Lac t: \l ':d !l g t L t-! Ii:! rl1.: i r {~ g I:! m/ j I:! W I:! lr}' iii d I.i':; L!'}' U [

being dishonest. RaLher, Ronc(;r believ!!s it js Lime Lo place a more a[firmati\'(~ duty upon 8cm/jewelry industry to disclose treatI";:enl ill l1ght of th~ pervasive pr~ctice of gem treatment.

Legislation like S13 99 is required to protect lhe c. 0 n sum era g a ins t t il 0 S e ,1 i $ h I j n est S e m / jew e ] C! r y la ere han t 5

who cannot resi3t the 0pj"lortunity to sell trcnteu stone::; as natural/rore gemstones.

-5-

7. F,\ILFrtE OF FT~: /\~JTJ JE\·:C:U:Y l~WUSTRY Tu E>iFURCE ?iJLES TO f!~ fJISCLOSr. TI\EAT11E:'~ [ Aid)/U~; LlJUCATE Till: PUBLIC

T 11 e f ail \.l r c () f l h eFT C t t) c; T1 f () r c E: its r u 1 e san d t !l e failure of the jewelry indu~try to s~lC-pol1c8 it~~l[, ;, as res u 1 ted inC;);\ ::. l! :~. e r 5 be ins dec e i v e d •

C 11 C e3 g air. I t: h i. ;:; ::. s r: r __ t t 0 ~'i 'j t Ii c:\ t :I~ (: s:.: U e 1",\ / j G'''' .~-: 1 r y ~nercll;3.n:s J:.lr;? ji5h(~i·,J?:~L. II:)\·.'t~\'(~r, ~11y t.in:c an u!":cl',Gc~~c{l <) iJ p . .) r l un i :: y f) r ~: " :; .:;: p '.: i ,j n i s cre;'i L e J, t h C' r (; " 1 11 t C'

~; () III e '.I h (I arc ~ i ~; i; (, r: .;, :, l •

In fact, ~~~~ vi :~e scpporters of gOQ treatment (t i So C 1 0 5 U r [> : ( ,) -:. '_; ~_ , :.. l 'J :-, (S 2 c: i\ t t a h (; e d P .: n n s y 1 I,' d n i [\ T est i m Co n y )1 r c· :. 11 b :: Co n. E, S t g 0) m / j e \.; l;: 1 e r y mer c han L S \{ h 0

: ann 0 t C Q .-; F -2 :.. to..: i t ;-. t ;"l (. dis Ill) !l e s L 1Il ere han t s w Ii 0 dec e i v G

the conSU17ler '.';.!.l~; 1::.;'''; pri.ces tor luw quality/treat.Gd mer c h (J ;1 dis c t h '.1 t i':! res (; i d () S h i g h qua 1 i t yin a t u r a 1/ r a r G

merchandis~.

8. STATE LEG1SL,\TIOt; L()~IG OVEl<DrL A:\D NhCI:;:,SARY

I n 1 1 g h t 0 f the p (;' r " [1 S i v t! rl a. t u reo f the pro b 1 ems, h i g h d e g r e e .) f g e ,-1 / j (? \.' ;:> 1 rye 0 n S tJ In e r v u 1 ncr a b:! 11 t y and tho 1 a c k 0 f 0 L It ~ r e :1 fj r C 12 d - pro t (: C. t. i 0 !\ , S t ate 1 c g i ~ 1 ~ L 1 0 11 i 5

long ovordu~ anrl necessary.

T 11 ceo n sum c:- h.:l s a r i 3:1 t t 'J k no... t h t~ full nat Li r f) 0 f w hat he Ish r.~ is j) ~l r (: r.:1:-=; i t: 3. :10 reo v e r • -: he g (; m / jewel r y m.:.~ r c h a it t 11 a san a t t i r ;~j '-~ t. i v e d II l Y t 0 dis c los e tot. 11 e t y pc i a 11 y u n war y c ens ~1 il :J r t hat :,: <) S l i:!. ems ton 0 S. and per h Cl pst h e 8 ellis t () neb e i :1; p 11 r c h <3 s'-.! J, h>. s I) e e n IJ r t i fie i all y 1.: rea ted.

U 11 1. e ;:; s S B () () i spa SSG d I t h ~ t e 1 Si n <) 0 the r f C ;J ~ j l> 1 e \; a y t: hat the :.: C) n t LI n::1 c ens 1.! i~ I:! r \~ ill bee d tl cat c (1 a \.;0 u t gem trealillent. SS )() io neccss~ry to PIWTECT and EDUC,\TE ll1e C () n sum e r ,; her. :1 v ':J cd y i) r ,1 (J ~; t: in g e 18 e will do S ().

In the pa~~, t~e 3P.~:j2wcl 'J industry has opposed 1 e g is 1 a tic, I: r ( ~ ~I i ~- :. :1 ~ 6 (.! ~,l L r e .~ :... ::; e n t d 1 scI 0 sur e () n 1,.1, i:!

[ollowing b.::'3is:

Ii. DUll 'LK;I u·' r: u ',,' 1 'J

,~CcotnjJ11sh?:: .)s SIS 99.

lJ i s c. 1 () S C" - Ij i s c lot. u r e e. a l~ be 8 imp t y 3pocifi~J i~ S~ct,.1Qn 2 a, band C ot

-6-

L. Don't Know W~ich Stenes Ate legislation like SB 09 have difficult to deteCL ~nd wouli C1 n d u:: rea 1 i ,"; t 1 C !) \1 r J e n () n t. he

Tr~n~cd - Opponents of a~gucd ~hnt treatment is

t. ;: ere f Cl r (' ~ 1 a C 8 S r: u n f 8 i r ge~!jcwe~ry ~erch2nt.

::; 1 nee 1 t 1 S \.; 1. ~i C' 1 Y a c ': Eo pte d !~;1 a ~ 0 v e r ~j J ;~ ~) t :i 1 1 5 C\ ;, phi res c n t ! I (~ :~ a :- k c: t ': 0 :: D r h 8. V e j e e 11 l r e E! ted , i t: i s S 3 f (~ and f air L () :l S S U ::i C t h J t t:' C' S il P P l~ ire ':J e i n g SJ 1 C i 3

troated, unle~~ ~hc gc~!jew~lry merchant can p:o~~ otherwise.

At the very least, sinco the prac:ice ~f ge~ treat~e~: is so pervesiv~, t~c consu~?r should be made a~are of this fact :"'0 ins"..:re against a treated stolle uei:lt; scld as a n~~ural!J~trQ~ted gemsto~e.

Current.ly. the burden uf ~ski~g about gem treatment is unrealisticalljl on the..: uninformed consumer.

S B 9 C) P 1 ace so t:.:: e bur d c n 0 f pro v i n g t 11 e e x c e p l i 0 II (1. e . the gell1[.jL()Il(~ is natural/untreated) on the ~e/il/j(!\,clry merch8nt/d~~ler.

The h <) n ~ s t g C 1:1 / jell' e 1 q' 1:1 ere II Ci r1 tea n pro t c c t him s elf b r requirin; the geb/j~welry dc~lcr to w~rranty natural !:l e li\ S ton c s , 8. n d b Y d 1 s c los i ~ g tot h e can sum e r ( £! g

specifiGd in Section 2c of SU 99) that the merch3ndis~ being s'ild is natural, treated or unknown.

c. Di~clc)s\.lrc Is justifiable of SU 99.

Req:..tired, rC8.son to

But Give Us Timo - There is n~ delay en~ctmcnt and application

C 0 III P 1 j il tl C e wit h S B 9 9 i ~ \' e r y s imp 1 e • War r a r. t j'

docullIellLation tr.8t 8 ge!.I~Lll:1C; is nc:ltural is 8ir.1ple. Signs disclosing the pervasive: nature of sappbj [r:­

L n~ fi tine n t <1 r (? s 1 nq) 1 (-: tog 0 t il n d dis P 1 a y. Lab e 1 j 11 S 0:1

;s a 1 ~ ~ t" f.! C C i P t s abo u t; g e r~ t 1- C.!:t t me :-1 t £l. r e e qua 11 y s 1 :n p 1::: to get.

The gem/jewelry industry ha~ been on notice for over 20 year~. r,othing .... il1 Ch<HgC by delaying SB 9(1. Del a y S Iv'i 11 0 n 1 y I H: .) n C G n ::: u 1:"; (? r s " i 11 c () n t;. i n u e t 0 ~"" harmed and cheated.

-7-

OLUTION

T () P r'J tee t the pub 1 i c fro;'1 1,: h'~ DEC E P T I V E s.'i 1 e s p rae t. i C Q S t 11 a t \" ere :) cell r i n 8, 1:1 S a r Co: !-; 'J : t 0 f g e r:. L t' ,! .. 1 t 171 e 11 t • t h a fed & r a 1. T r ci d 03 C (01011111. :;; s i v n iss u e d R u 1 e sin 1 (j) 7 l 11 ::1 t. r ~ qui r 8 d full .1 ~ $ C l. () sur C G:

g '.' ;:1 ': r e 1':1 1,: ;n C r. t • U n for t ~I n i.1 t Eo 1. Y , L 11 ~ $ (: Ii ;'1 1 C s 11 a v e n 8 v e r 1; ~ e n unforced to truly ~roL0ct the con~urner.

lhe ~elu/jewalry industry ~3S likewise fai18d (0 act LO adequataly pro tee L t 1'1 (> t y pic: all 'i \.; n ','; D:- Y ,:~) Ii S 11 I'H; r •

T Q pro t e c: t the h 'J n e 3 t j e \,r ,~ 1 C' r S 8 j', d l!J e tl n ..... a r r c. 0 n sum e r ;:; , i t i ,5 iii Y h i) P 0 Cl n d r (~ com m E' n d 8. t 1 0 nth ;:,:. :1 (J Ii tan ~ en act <l 9 soon a !".; I) 0 S S 1 o.!. a a bill s i :I. i J .:'\ r r 0 S E: I; q t e B i 11 :': o. ') 9 t h ~ t r 0 qui res dis c 1 0" u reo f any and all t r e 8 t fa e !1 t () t iJ n y ~ i'1 1. 1 813m 5 t 0 11 e s •

SB 99 would place an i.lffirLl.3LJvf:; duty Of! the gern/jewGlry indllSLl"Y t 0 1 n [ () rIll t 11 e con s u ,11 c r (; f g e ill t r e fl t m e 1'1 t got h ::1 t the con sum ere a n protect himself/herself. Afler all, IHltural/untre~tl)d gemstone~ h a v e Ii f;! COin e the ex c e p t ion i Tl 1,: h <; gem I j e iN e 1 r yin d u s try to l: il e artificially treatc:d/enhn!1ced s(;on(~. The burden should thel"fore b e: CJ II L- II I:J g e 1:1 / jewel r y mer c: hun t / d e ale r top r 0 v e age In S l 0 n e i s natural/untreated, and t.horE-fore justifil3s a higher price.

f'i[():--J'f.ST JEh'ELERS, bY ~'An "r;n: rlAJU:nTY, T{i\Vt; SAT BY l'W~l WHILE imILE DISllCJrH'.~ 1 AND/OR U:;::THICAL COLLEAGUES Ii A \' E A ntr SED C I): J S [; 1-1 E R S • 1) £ C L ). 11' ~ L A Ii S H A V E NOT DEE N CHALLENGED. "

Edito~ of Jewelry Circu18r Keystone

I t h 3 :1 kyo 'J for you r c (; n 3 i J era:: ion 0 f Iii Y ~ est i m 0 n y •

PQspecLul1y Submi~ta~ By:

-8-

GEMSTONES

Smale /(I(lrIO g']/I(1., ('(Ill.) r::rlf T/IH /I'it! on the le!t w.~s "ot /rU.llucJ wlri/., ll/e pie';E/ on tIJe rlgllt w.~:; hf:!aled to Rn IIftU1C'

___ • livE! bh,e.

IDAHO GEUDA Of lOll dUfitl~ I/ooting. SQVCt~1 geud~s Will be· C(lmt/ "gluf:!t/" !V!Jllt/'t/r. OIlH c,;rj's/iJi 11010 /ul/}od bille and becitm/l IItracl'tlci to HI!(l/lillr /hill tH'

ralMd irs original milky color, Oifft1renr chromo· phore impurities rh1lt reltct differently to heltt· trc3tmCn/ pil/'an!ctors. such as rime and /ompo(tJ/ulc. tJceounr lOt lilo diffclcnt rue lIons ff) fho IICOlinQ PIOCC$S,

A preliminary study and the first rerort cf a newly discovereel Idaho deposit of Wliilisl1 corundum tl13t hns

been successfully 11em treat6c1 to t)lue sapphirF:

BY TED THEMELIS Photo!; by led Themelis. specimens

CtllJrllillY Craio Graber

Up to this ""riling. no suftidcnt uat" have hccil ducumented Ill' the tJuilcu Stalcs (f(:ologlcal SUI'YC), nor has 'lO}, uctaikd mining sur\'c)' heen 1I11(Jcrlakcn of " "~('uda" or whitish l:orunUlim f.kposlt (ollnd In the 5ullUIII:r of 19A2 in the wild('t'Ilcss of central·co\Sl Idaho,

'111(: minillQ site is clll<:c.I F1uou, WU()c.I Dillc and is Ill(atcd In Ch~.u·, wal~1' COl/illy, abolll .,~ miles l:ast of the lmvn n( (-,;11'1\101. The:' arca Is rc· fNrt'd 10 gc:ncrally as fhe Flood· wood Drainage, n~ar lhe! ('~OQt MOllllt.lins. 'rhe OIPl'l'oxhuah:: hx:a· tion Is 'lIven as 11 '''W lonwtudc and 47°/': Lllilude, 'fhe clIrt'(mlly ~l·ud,,· hCilring (kpnslt(!) Is lo..:alcu roughly 011 600 ,H:rCl' ()f pl'I\',ue I;II\~ ;u an (:Ic\'<Ation of i 1 00 feel In a hC:lvlly wooded atc.1. Ac<:(:ss by <.~al· to the site was not possible till the summer of 1985, when a ct"ilsun.lbly good road W.1S ('~()\lstt'uct('d,

Tile ,'asl mlljorilr of th(~ J1lood· wood Ulm: c.:urllllllulll matcrial Is opaque, h(',n'il)' included, hiUh1y un· .ltlracti\'c, !lead)' worthlC:"li lHlp' phirc. unsuitable fot jcwc1l1', Hut if Iheli~ gcmb.'i (tilt: Sinhalese term tOt _hell' \'('r)' dhilam btu als() ",'nrrhlcs.li COllsln corUlldUIllS) are hcat-trc;IlL"(J,

The cCJmj)lol~ slm, 011 IcfRIIO Floodwood 81uI] gClld:! -Row': NO/urlll ulltrH~/'trJ ro(/gll Idaho corundum crysrttls. NOI~ somc

greeni$11 "nd "'cry liQill hIli" r'tlnstl/ClInt 10 /l~II(ly op.ique. $tlill'ltJlet IVI ',<:.11 treMment

Rv'r'V 2 NiJIUliJlul//ru~IHd felt/p/l opttqlle erys/itls. probably not suitable fOf ntlM rrearmOIH

Row:1. NHtI.'rtlIIXtll/c(.hlrodollu" (Jcl.lllm;, ';I/il;lll/lf lor "(!ilt Irc.'flm~nl. Row 4' a/welil!! Olaf h,.ilC l>OC'/l hC:JllrC.1/ad under filfllflci r"'/I/c/IIO C(lmli·

lil)111;, prO(i(lcinn "C(tVlly SJILJiJI()(J utlJIl &11,'11111$ $(JmlJl errS/His IIflJl "glued . tOllerher, il1riiCl)liI)() Ilrat higlt It/fII/J/lrlflLlre was used.

R(/W 6; Ge(/(f,~s heated to medium bluo. RolY a. Gcud.:ls hoalcd 10 Itgltl IJltw l?olV 7: Somc lallUlar. !/ulfiJal.'lu~1 sh"'/lHd {lHllciHS ri!7hr HIler hett' treM'

meM

color mCHlm()rph()~i... f:ll.:('s p\;\('(~:

(Ill' wllilbh l'olor is IrallSfnrl1wd In :l dtq) blue ~:olor that appc'lfS ,it:sir, ahle lUld mark(~lahh~ II' il is l'II1 con l:01hochoJl.

Approximately I Of) rOIl~h nalllral c'1's(;a1 gcuda fraglm:Jlts werc: ex4tm, ille~ fur Lhis stud}'. Ahmu 20 specl·

mens of the 101 wcrt:' SUl'l:l"ssfuli) h(:;lt·tr(':lIc,,1 tt) hlue ~UIIlI·.lliUIl Till'

prdimin:II')' rl'sults folluw In (his h:'

porl,

Utile JUsto." Shl('t· Ihls bi lrul)' a m:w e,jis(.'()\cry.

Ihere: is nn histnr)' to COVl'r ~ illl -----------------------------......... -.

)

SHOWCASE SPECIAL

STYL.ISHLY AFFORDABLE OVERALL HEIGHT 38", WIDTH 20", LENGTH 70"

CALL 1·800·874·8584 IN FLORIDA CALL COLLECT (904) 399·1882

ASK FOR OUR COMPLETE COLOR CATALOG. CUSTOM WORK OUR SP£CIAL TY ..

r.~ ~ CHARGES ACCEPT~D MARVIN B. BLUMBERG & SONS, INC,

3609-G Emerson Street, Dept. 23 Jacksonville, Florida 32207

CRAFTS TONES HAS: GEMSTONES FOR:

.

HANDCARVED FASHIONED GEMS JEWELRY DESIGNERS and GEMSTONE BEADS MANUFACTunEns GOLD PLATED GEM TREES JEWELRY and GIFT STORES GEMSAI TREES and TREE KITS GEMCnAFT and HOBBY SHOPS AND - oven 50 VARIETies OF SOUVENIR SHOPS TUMBLER POLISHED GEMSTONES PREMIUMS and ADVERl ISING

Send $3.00 for new '8S color catalog plus a $5.00 refund coupon.

58

CRAFTS TONES CA 92065 . (619) 789-1620

AND MANUFACTURERS GEMS'ONES SINce 1953

GEMSTONES r(:spcc.t to gcmja mhll."S' Ilnw(~vc:r, ttll' :m:a ha.1I! hecn milll'd for other m~llerhtIN.

Around the turn of the: centllry. hCCl\')- guJd IlllnlnA and prospecting aCllvltks took Jllac~ til the A(:nerai ~lrC:l, (cntet'ed arounu the theil­booming town of Clarkia, "'hose surrounding ar(.'~s :'1( OIW point f(.~a<'''H'd i\ population of over 30,000, No nwntioll or sapl'hlr(' was made: .

Itumors of S;lPllhItT·hmring de:­pu~lt~ h:1\,(: lately hecll l:Olllil'll1Cd hl' l>dmar Brown. a l1("ologist whu h:ts s\\ld\c.'d th~~ sllppltircs of Yogo (jukh, Mont:m<l. vl,\ lll't'sonal com' munication, but no S\1(.:cimc:ns ha,,'e actually been seen.

As a postscript. today. 'he IO'..-n uf C);&rkJl\ COIl!lISL" of 2S tu 30 souls. one RII" "talinn. lind tht'~(, bar~. Occurrence

Crystals atc I'ullnd Illo,'\tly as frag-ment!' with rronounced h~""ag()nal pyramidal habit and weigh lip to two gram". Very r.uely do they ~x­hlhlt distmt~d bil>YramidaI forma­tiun, Other crystal!! OCCllr simply as loose fragments and weigh lIl' tv (UU1 VI" lin.: gram!'. TIle lyplc,,' ;iz(.' t, ahout I to 1·1/2 Rtluns. Some huer­{'Sling c,:orundu!U spcdml'll!l (till tn 2()nlll1 lung) werle ('mb(~dd(:d in the matrix. whldl (,Oll!ltst$ of muscovite mk:t, t~hJ!lpar, and man)' other 1l1!rt­ut(', nearly cutorles.'i gcmJa cfyst:'ll!l that c::m he mistaken lor quartT-o !\tally trausp"r~"t to trall~llI(.:ent I:;cllC.I;,~ lip to 0, ~ carats in sizl' h,l\"e I )('(,1\ ((lund. Well dcvclul'<,d ('ull('-c.1rnl (;orulIllul\1 C't'p":'II'i :tn~ (Illite rare fro", thr: Ho()uw()()(J lHue Im:<1Uty.

(;('01081' Allhou~h Ihe ar<.~a hil" not hcen

lull) slIl'\'cred. nejtlu:r cxlllurcd. It Is o{'licy('d that there :lCC: scv('t'al I) P(~5 of OCCUl"rcnct.~ J~rc~lU 11\ th(' g('nt:mt arell. The h)ltowlng Impur­tallt and conlirlllcd lo<.:ations arc ue­St.'ribc:d within ttl(,~ (,UIl-acre arcu.

P(.'}:;,1IltllU.: ,tikI!: Tin: c.:Ul"ulld\Il\l~ found spurudk:tll)' in thIs ~it(' ,m: (If pq;l1Iatitk urigh\. Th(' Il('~mutitc

I lllk\' Is \'CI'y narmw, ahuut lZ- H5 Illclw~, anu run!' 1 ~-20 lC('t d('('11 (unt:uulirmcd) bl':uu:hIIlA nut into the n<:arhy mountain, in an un­knowil p:1th and furmutloll- SIlI;l1I or· ~nsc-brown dravitc: tU\lrm;tlil1l'~, (I\llte orten ttall!ll'ilrt.'ut ,lilt! tt·l'~·m· hllns Sri l.altblt dra""t"!!. h:lVC hc:t:n

lAPIDARY JOURNAL, I:cbruary 1967

WE

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WHIT~ .\ COlORCO IN At.L SHAPCS

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FIGHT THE BATTLE FOR QUALITY AND INTEGRITY

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60

GEMSTONES

found in the Silllle dike, So too has ~om(' SI'(,'("n to hl'own cht')'~ohcl'yl b('l'n found tlH:re,

Ml!famm/,hlc d('/'mit: Al'Ound th(~ edgt:~ of the pegmatite fingers, a IUCfamorphlc t}'PC of l1el)oslt Is 10' cart:d. The gC\ld:!~ otre found in OlU<.:h larger concc:ntr:ttiOI1, It i .. e~tj· mated that en.:rr <:lIhil: foot hears t" 0 or thrce gt'uda crptal!'l,

The ~(;n('f'al ar('a in <.:k41.'\\,:II(','

COllllty ir. trauitionall), rich in high, grad(' m('t;!1l10rphl(' lK'ti\'itr mlncr· als a!'lSot:ialeu with the corunduill crvstals: tolite, lol~ltl', almalldine garnct, spcs'Iartitc Aa\'ll(~t, 11<:v.'lr di~' co\ercd grossular garncts in ";trious cc)h)tS (t l)h)r1e~!', yellow, orange, lind hrown), kyanitc,lImcnitc, rutilC', zin.:on, tourmalilW (sdlOrl). phena' kilt', sillimanite, and Ilthcr~,

The rloodwood nhlt silt has quir(' a diJJ<.>t'ent morphological con­figuration than that of the w~1I doc· 1I111t:ntcu southcll"t<'l'n Idaho mining sltt' of Goose Crcek, wherc lht' fiun· ous almandlnt garnets ;"Ire found. In the :-:101(: an'a many s"pphlre, have been reponed as wd1.

I\s rC<"l'lIlly as SCJm'mher J t)H(" in 'l'uc:"on, !liom(,'oll(" hought fur J I 0 ;1 1900 (aral rough Mar sapphire a~ an ~Igat(:~ The sapphire is ;H:htally il I;Irgc hunk of a~tcrlatnl A,'uda r('· pnrt(:dJr from Idaho,

MlnlJl8

!:Ic.! f;lr 110 ~rstl:matil,: mining h:ts taken p!:lcc ;11 t hI: Hoodwllod' Hille' site, which Is wOI'kahlc oul\' from June (0 ~(:ptclllber bCGlm," (,If 'h(' high l:!(:varl()11 am! long, Scvert' win' ter l'I\Colllllert:d thl'"t,,',

(;(,'\ld" re~o\ err i" n:rr $itnii"r to plat:n goh,! reCO\ocrr I11ctho(h. Shovel and ~crU,'f\ al'l:,' the: hask tool .. wicd hr the PI'o"pl'ctors In lhe :<.1 II h, " upl'ratlon, Th(' ll1:unl:tJ I~ wa~ht'd in a ('Oll\ (nit-lilly nt'arh), ('f('('k In llil' filial Magt', tlw npLII~

(,;olor and suhsc(Jucntlr accoruing to their diill'h,mcitr as tran~parent, ... , tran~llI(;ellt. or opaquc. The aiteria for dassifkaliol1 lire bas(.'d stnctly upon the heat·treatmcnt l'ot('nlial

Mllkr w/;)fle: 111c tll~JOl'lt>· of till? !;elected geuda... arc 01 1 IIq' ,,'h!re, m()~tl)' lran~lllccnl to or~a4ut', Some lr:ln~p;\rcnt cr'P;tal~ Me also fount!, but these ate small, Ollly lip to 0) car:tl~,

"lffky ')III/~-b.' A Slllall t'erl'cntage i of the sp('('IIl\('I1~ ('xamlncd ar'(' i

tnlll1>lllc.:cnt t(l transparent milky bluish. wHh e\'ld<.'l1c<.' of incolllpkl" nntur;,1 c()lonttinn, This type of g<.'uda Is likely to turn bhle after propcl h\~111 t rc:a ltm"l1 ,

fJarlicn/ort!d: Certain spcdlt1cll~ arc chatactcrize:tl by isohtlcd arc",,, of streaks, l)~\lches. or dot~ of blll(­coloration within th(' subst;\I1('c Oh\'iollsly. such specimcl\s ha\'c \1Il'

dergone all hlcoml1kt(' <:olc)I'ation by nature, Their appearance closely re~emhlell that uf the Sri l ... tnkalJ geuda, Although SEM <. scanning electron microsco['!)') ['!rohc analr .. l .. has not 1J\:cn pCffofllU:d. the hilic dnt I~ prohuhly tit:lI1illn1 oxide:. thl' ~, substnncc that cllrrit's lht' ill1plII'ilil''1

n(,'CC!ll~a'1' to produce the hlue color. '\ One shOUld note thtl' in Sri btnka.

the hlu(~ dot l~ referred to as 01111.

l11ere(ore W~ shnll kl'Cfl the !I'lIlle I Sinh.lIe!'!c tf,:rm to ('Oluorm to the I alre:llly established tef01lnolOlW ot i gelid" (" ct('talh,'d dcsc.:ril'liun 011 i the d:ts.,ilication of gt'uda m:uet'\,11 ! and rc'l;ttcd topics is discu'Ist.'d in thl!'! author', lJook. /leol 1"'(>(11111('1// of II", Rul,), (, Sa""blrl'!. ) ""C' J(t:lho OUlI appears milk)' duml}', while till Sri l.:mk:lIl Ottll 15 ("olUl'lctd) trail'" Imrcnt

It is intercNting to C,lh!;t'rn~ that 110

green or yellow gew.htN h.",e so far hccn found, Tht~ SlIggl'SIS the ab St.'llt't' of fcrrous demcnt~,

lIeat Tr"atm~nt arl' hamlpit:J,;nl I'I'0m th(.' wa~hcu ". ", mare"lal. Without heat tr<:atm(,~llt ,lIul rhl

In tlw SUIllIll(,'r I)f 19H6, O\'er ()(j() potential fur impm",:tl t:()I()rall"~1

pounds of ~l'll(Jas W('I'(: rcco",'rl'd lhe gClIdas would h;l\'c no gt'II\I.,I,) frolll all ;'Irea of ,-\0 !'oqllarc rard~, '11,1., ~I(,'al il\tcre~t, With !llIch potcl1rl.ll

11Itlkau:~ th:!r til(' ~ifl' of the derus, huwever. thlll m;ltcrhti is of il1h:rl't. lI(s) lIlay ht' ellormnll~. 11ll' Sl'"d;IS Ilr&.' healed uIllil'r \ l r)~

strong rlo,hldng conc.lillun, It .

(:lassUicaCiun t80UoC fur lonK I'crioc.l!C (ht'lIr' "I '

I he t:olln'(nl gl'Ut!" .. Iir~1 nrc !'('K' pOl'!llhl)' e\'cn d:I)''') In :tn up,'n 11 "HI

rt.'gatnl act:ordillEt to rll(' :IPI'arl'nl [urn,tcc:, Nu crm:ibh: ur "d<Jitin" ,Irl L-___________________________________________________________________ ,

LAI'IOARY QURNAl r I r Jcl 1",~-

GEMSTONES

lIs~~d TIle purpo:;e as to re~uce the h:~ 1 to l;e l + in Ol'dCI' fa mobilize the chroJUophore .\gcnts, fOlln~ in the lattice of clH~ lllarct'lal, ~;hl(h perform lhc l:olor transformati(1I1 {'l'om while 10 bluc.

Although Ihe Iransparel1q v,,·as not imprm'rd, after the Ire,HOlenl On'r 80'~·, of the hcatcd geu~a'i had (lIJ'Ilcd blu(:, \ .If) ing froll) light to dark sha~ks. III 11l(lsr (If tllC hC';"IICl1 geuda) thilt turned hlue, th(; hhl{~

coloralion WilS conlined to the .trC~t around the cculer of lhe spcdmell. 'I'h,: edges l'clll.liued colorlcs:; or whire. 'nlis SlI~CSIS a partially in· compkte hC,tl·prm.:ess cydc, ell!(: to the tCI))P~~I';Ul\t'C .1Il(Vor the durilliull of the heat tn:atnlcnr, 1\150, it is oh· sen'cd lhat in many crystals the col· oration o,curreu in alternate zoneli of white and bl\l\~.

l'rol>erlies CO/OJ: Nearl), 9;% of the specl·

mens al'e milk) white :tlu.I filuc~ bluish while, lIb()ut 4% pinkish, and [h(: n:maliling 1 ~t gre-enlsh while.

Diapb{lm'lty. Orca' 50~~ of the crysl;\ls ;\£e opa~uc; :~()% nrc trans· 11I(c.'I\I; and abollt 209(. arc nearly transpar(:llt Tl'anslucent to ncarly lmnsp'lrent crystals may be found up to half it (;aral in size.

CltlI·'~}~ All specimcns were meul' um to hea\'ilr indudl'd and hlghl}· ~h;lr'KIC'ri·,t'd h) man)' Internal and external n'ol(:ks, s\l~estlJ\g thill the 1lI.1;oril}· uf lhe l:1')'stals ar(,; UIlSUit· ,10k as faceting material.

Cbt!mical ,'omposltlotl. Aluml· num o)!.ide (alumina). Al l ():\.

O·ystc1l1ogl'(/plJy.llexagonal sys· lC'1II (I rlgomll In the British S}'SCCIll).

}/lll'cJncss. 9 on the Molls scale. TOllglmt!ss EXl:ellent, hut hrlttle

if lamella(: arc PI'CSl'llt. St,w/k. Colorkss. CIc:lItJ(/.~(~, Falsl: cleavage observed

paralld \0) thl' U;llM! plane of the crystal.

Fmctw'(l. Vlle",:n to (;on<.:hnidal.

Genlolt)"lc:al Data nu: flllluwiliM l41,;1II01o~I(;MI ',,~sts

~·e .. c pecC~)c!\led and l)h~,:na'illIIs [(.~~:urdcd un those hcat·trcal(;1.1 Ida· hu ~euc.1as that tUI'll~d hlue.

Sp(!dJk grm,lty, 39K·"U, deter· mined usillg rhl: hyrdostatlc m(~lhod (Ml'ukr b;ll;uu:e plus densit), :It·

-----.----------------------~

(Gem and Crystal Treasures tJ:j

jOl1 nG\ed Juth"r PETCII 8ANCIIOFT on 100 superbly 1:lu~lrated '1Iei:ilnpf t~ th~ ':;ijri,f$ Il'OS! ~\Ol C Qcm ~nd c:),sta' mires TI1C trcasu'c5 IrO~1 tl1~3C Cleo);.·!, iI'~ 'l~~lCt:;j 1:1 eY~I.I'~lte (;O''J~ frJn: lll~ cllvtcest sp~irnells dVdl!ilble. p l:n~Dk 1)'1 rCjcarchGa ~uaCiy C11C;1alnlng-GW & CRYSTAL TREASURES 15 a tr~.IS\ire In Iiself U,at "'llj e~ri~h any oem IM~. collect;on 8

'· ..

• 667 b&w photos

• 320 color photographs

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WHAT IS 1/10TIJ TilE PRICE OF FINE EMERALD, 1/3 Tlfl:: PRICE OF FINE 1SAVORITE,

BlIT RARh'R THAN EITHER AND ]lIST AS BEAUTIFlIL? ; ", .. '". ·f·· f'f'1fIIJ'~'I' ~ /;It (J lu. . IJ. ·r{· . ..• ...

TIlcwe l,,~;alltlful YClII!ltnneti IU'C ~()Iored by (:hromlum orVanadJum. fm' chis rc.:NCIIl, C.hrome Toumu,IIIlf:. come In a nnp o( ricll green. - from light to dcc:p. dark .hade •. Two min •• In Tanzania art' the only kuown !)OUrCC5 In thc world for chele clrqul,ltc Icmsfonrs, mll"lnll .hem n,ore rate than Ii.llu!ralcla; nrT .. vort&e •• lt Is becOInlny IncreNlnaly dllf1C'1l\l fO nnd Chrome Tourmaline. In ,llCI one ,·"r.U .Uld up; two unthl .nd up IIrC cJrtrcmeiy dlmc.:ult tn obtain. Stone!! over ,l"occ ca,.. .. ,. are trllly olle·o{·a·klnd pl",,'('. -gem qual .. y.

#11'11111)" H"rl~)·. VI'fl",bUI~)' lI,ulD",mblllty liN p"','tnJlt "eq,d"~HI""b; CIIRO.4111 '1'OVHMALlNl;' bu. flU "lIb,!!;,.

~ct' tI)f' Im'1lc!S/ sC1J,!CI/MI oj (141 l4IUlpt)liflxy' Cbrn",e foumuu;", /1, 1/)(' l! S fmm tilt l4I/g~st dwd#t·/Il th, lI.S.

WHOLESALE'MINERALS: .. ~1!'\~!<_1~1_~~1!!!!1~,\11 A.,\I) '1.\11 UHP! H 11"1.\\\11 \BII

,tOST·\1 f\\IH!\ !\1I'\11\ .. \1 ". Ir\l • 11'00 ·\H'(III) 1'\1 '" H (l1<1\l tI 1'·\'>0, HX,\'> 1~1'l!~ , 1"\l/'AI \\11\ • 1'1111'1 'W, -.:) I Ihtlt)

tj(c.:hm~~nl ). RCP'(1ftil,(' ;11(1('.\' 1.7(,2 and 1.770

with \'arlatlons '0.002, 4 n.mH. Ple(l('~,,'()/sm. Distinct, t.:hantctcr­

I~tk "sea green" (similar to untl.'eat, cd :ll(lIatl\arlne color) and "'ell de· tined ll)('cliun1 hlue dkhroism were ohscn·eu in flcarly all speclmcl\s l'X·

amlncd WhCll \'Icwcd from any an· f,;le pctpt'nLlkular 10 lhc c·axls of the CI)SI:ll.

Spectm m1(lt)'.~;.t All absorption ~pectril obscC\·:ttiol1!1 ~'crc per· formed using GEMLAD scanning dlf· fraction grating lIipcctruscopc. St'\,·

eral sped01cns showed the bl'oad Iron absorption band at ahout 'H;· 45 SHill, Qilr. panicuhlr speclmell showcd distllH:t absorption l1am.1 at 44,·455nm and a nlther wcak b.\I\d at about 160nm. I.Ight saturated hlucs did not show an}' absorption !!pectr;\ nt all.

r."miuC$(.(wCI'. Most spedmcns ~'ere inert to longwit\lc radiation. somc others exhibited soft but dl~· tinct blue fluorescence, One light blUish Il<:at·tl'cat('d ~pt<;lmcn exhih· it(:d lIiOIl1C pltte:h), pinkish appl'ar·

GEMSTONES

ann.' 1Io(l\:r longwa\·c. All ~pl'dmell!l \1.'('1'(' IIH:rt to .,1;orrw;t\'t: r;,dl:ltlol1

Inclu~lon~

Since: thc spt'cimctls examined "'cre rough, c1('filllc(\ cxamination or the Inlerlol'!; \I .. a~ not p()s~ible. llo~" ('\'l'r, til(' Cxi"l(;I1LC of some kind of ImplIl'itks that Larr~' the nl·(.'l'Sary chrornoph()f('<; i, c('ftain, wil('II1(.'I' 111 .he form of dmt'nite, futile 01' the like Detailed !>tml) 011 tile Idaho geuda ~ III he fl..:pom:u as II be· comes available.

('olm' dist,.,·lmliolli:rolli"g Alter· nate hands of white and blue w~r(' oh"c.n('(1 In many healed I;cudas. Distin(;t patdl)' bltl(' color:tt\ol1 wa:; OUS('!'\'cclll1 othU's. !\Iany st>e('lll1cl\~ .. h()~·ed sh:lrp. blott'll), color h:lI1u, Ing due to coloI' migration. Ulh('f specimens ~howt'd t.:olor bnnding p:ll'all(:1 to tlw flu.:c\ IIf the cr)·st:tl.

J (?liS/Oil (I'o('ks. lJue to the unc· qual tll('rmal ~'xpandahitil)' of Vt\!'

lous solid gllcM t.:r~·"ltlls ,tnd the hose <.:orundum, Intcrnal crack!l w~re' l:OmmOIl. SOInt extcndt:d to th<.' SUf·

fa(" 01 thl' spe('lmt'fl. In oth('r cry"',

lal~, S0111e uack~ caused the cr) s· lals lo spIll,

(''iIl(ISt C'I')'Sf,,/ ;ndusfmls. l>m' 10, the limited number of ~pt'('II\l('lls. I few lIn(\(:termlned IIIvltc:n gue~t I cry"'tal induslon; W(.~I'C' ohserveJ

Other dliuactcrlstk Indll~lolI~, Stich as "silk," liquid, two· or thl'(.'/,;' pha!ic Inclusl()IlS, twinning, ,\lid sec· omLlry mattcr~, were not ilh~(~n (:t\ in lhl' specllll('ns (:xamined in til is stud>". rhQugh thq ace cc:rl,llIl to be present.

On the Market? Undollbl('(II)', man}' Idllho geuda:;

wUl Ul' jl\'jlillllJlc III the Ilear futurl' In the marketpla<:e. Ilov.'('\,cr, the de· gn:c uC thdr ~\ lli\;'lJ,Uit)' will depend on the cust uf the hear.treatment pru<:css, At the.' present time, ill~ too e,I,ly lU Sl)Cculal<.' ()I\ tilt: l11arkctilhU· ity of the l:Joodw()od Utue KC:\H,'iI~. PrOS1}cC'ts, however, look good,

Many thanks to Mr, Craig (jraJ,cf fur th(,: ~peclmens IlUl'plil'''t, Without hl~ gracluulf aSlillilam:l', t"l~ rcpml wmdd never bave been written. •

~ crRRUSlr!.:...<:!!!l.~_s.2.RrRVl., OIOI'SInr,r.N"iTMiir,TnMl.t"vniite. RH()D()lITI. It($S~()Nlr£. GROSS\JlAA, ALMAI\IDIIIoI(, P[RIDOT"Ollfll 0 1"-

~ Facet Rough· Fac@ted Gems· 14 Kt Gold Findings • Blro~Created Emerald· Display Boxes ~ ~ SAMPlE THE!OE fOR YOUR CUnlNG Plt.o\SURE, Eggs & Spheres i J AQUAMARINE SPECIAL. ·VI~ry cklln African m.:ltt::rlJI· mcdilll'n to t11todium df.'l:'~ bill!:' fmm J Itl 15 Cts In size· nor",lIl1y ",ked at ;; ,.; S6 to S121cl- special nowaljtl5t S2It:llr"r WOO l'arc·.I·I- S2()Ofor lOfJctp.llccl-or S4,QO/ctfor25 ct~.rn.l- S100 lor 25 ct I~~ 7 1''''''(,1. ... ! o C7. ROUGH-Compt:'ti'io" ~nlll(: • white· SO, 1/ct . 300 ct mil1im~lm I:! CokJls: Red. t,'Jl1gC', hot pll1k. :cd(iish rlJtrl~ ~m('lhy~l. JTwrfillm Yl'liow, d(,c:p yellow. lIold. Iilac·blue <colo, I:hilll!:tl\). aprIcot - 1'~7. ... ' ~ $0.1 "'Iet a: AI~u !Jlui~"'''LPI~''~ illlldhy)1 - SI).21/~t • )00 (I ,,,;nillllim . ,~" mix rnlnt~ • piN'~~ f,om jO-)OO cu. i elX ROUCH-· c.olTlpctJliol' glildc. [Illclald R'el'll 311d Sal"phirf' biu", «)I()rs SO. r,O!<:1 • Olcccs :lvail.lblc from 50 ttl 400+ d~ - I = ~ mlr\;llIwl1 SO (H - (In llIi( (01015. i\1~o nl!'w color lONOON BLUE· $0.:;0/(1 ·,'v\inillllllll SO cts, ~

! nN[ SIBtRIAN AMETHYST SI\MPlF.R-V('r~ CIl',III, ~tJl)Ctb cfC't:'p Plllpil', Lr>ts (.It , .. d (lel,h1 I'curct 1 pc: each 111:10\11 7 (;1, 1 1 (1,1(, CI. .1 (j and 2; (I. Tot,11 r,m:el WI. ';7 d~ - d~' 1u.4 .. v"llle fUI j~I,;1 S129.99 - (1Id",.4' AM';·-.7. or, i

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SI- :m,~r"lti ~ POLISHED STONE EeeS & SPHERES-oil!:'! 100 v<l(i"tin Ifl .. lor i., , free lis!. i ~ 5ppclal ~n /TIm (hill(:Ollyrlhl I~t;~ , filiI'. bri):;I1. ilold LVI'.II . , , .' . , .. , ., ." ..... , ...... " ........... ,. "., ... ,.,", $107,~O 7. I

: DISPlAY 80X1:5 FOR f..\CHEO GEMS-lIv.'r 50 ~tY'n • lil1c l,(:rrll,)11 cr.:l l tNl . free ut"IOI· ~ I tit l)tSPlAY BOXES SPECIAL- N4'19 -Olll l.lo..:k,\l.· o.!i~,,,,,,) 1)(.,(·; ~ ill. 40 I ('Illild iIl5~'1'\ t 2" ''''',) a"d r~"'t'lVAble lid. This bolC has a very _ ~ nlc:(' Ilcll bl')ck sltn"I,'tcd IC3tnl'rctt<!' f.'\tf:'r:r." fl"l~h Thl~ I~ 'III' rTlOo,ll'ol'ul,'I dncl be~1 ~t:lljrrK Uv~. NUlinally \hi~ IJO)( $E!It~ (or S41,H. ;! ;; O\lr special r,icl!! i~ now jll~t $27.00, Fine \ aILJ('~ I:: i

(if.dllate (it'f'llQ'l)ci~1 un Slaff , 0 ~ 1 ~ rt •• y III'pro ..... 1 on ,11 nrnlln. - I ! Dt.·c)h.!t j"tluirn, Wf'It (,,,,cod. 3 \ C1&i' v'SA· M'\SfLRCflRl). CO!) w('lcu",..11 ,i ::';JA_r'

frN> shippl"" 011 "II u,drrs over SZ:iO,III' •• 'J\h,.'rwl),.' .,,1,1 S I.~().

I 121 ... -----.............::, ItrUODOIl "Ul(,\N"lm, MOLD4VITl, AlItNttr, IIUl8N£RITE, RIIO!>.2!;!IAO~ITl, flUOllltr, fArrWn, lM[RALD, SAPPtul[, AND"lUSIT( _:

RARE

62 LAPIDARY JOURNAL, February 198i

tAIRTIME ARENA

March 11, 1987

Representative Les Kitselman, Chairman House Business and Labor Committee Helena, Montana

Dear Representative Kitselman:

DAT'----7""~~~~ HB __ ~--.J.o..:o....-I-_

My name is Lonne Chatwood and I am appearing here today for Bill Chiesa, who was called out of the State to attend a !heeting. Mr. Chiesa currently serves as the Legislative COlrumittee Chairma~ for all of the 38 Fairs in Montana.

The purpose of Senate Bill 364 is simple. It is to generatG more revenue that results in less tax support for local Fairs of our State.

The current Liquor Control Board regulation allows for a patron to purchase a beer and carry it to his seat. It prohibits us from carrying it to him. We would like to save him the walk. Montana has the distinction of being one of the last states in the Nation to prohibit vending at public facilities such as coliseums and grandstands.

Statistics show that vending in large facilities reduces congestion around concession areas and increases sales. This Amendment is in the best interest of the public and does not infringe on any current regulations, nor does it grant any extension to any existing regulations. We, therefore, urge you to consider a "do pass" on this matter.

Sin.ce~elY'm.7~/J \ / I " luc-tn:Y

(/!c~~ L-C{/."

Lonne Chatwood Concessions Manager MetraPark

LC/cg

Box 2514 BillinQs. Montana 59103 406·256-2400

STATE OF MONTANA PREVAILING WAGE RATES

EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 1, 1986 - NOVEMBER 30, 1987

DAT~~~~~~~~

HB,-~~~~-

Department of Labor & Industry Employment Relations Division P.O. Box 1728 Helena, MT 59624 (406) 444-5600

~nATE OF MONTANA PREVAILING WAGE RATES

ADDENDUM

Llsted below is a clarification of several issues concerning the published prevailing wage rates. Please make the changes to your copy of the rates.

·1. Title pagE' - the effective dates shOLtld redd: EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 1, 1986 - NOVEMBER 30, 1987

2. page 2. paragraph 2, sentence 2: currpntly reads, "Federal Davis-Bacon "'Jage '-ates have been adopted ... "; it should read "Proposed Federal Davls-Bacon wage ,-ates have been adopted ... "

3. page 2, paragraph 4 in entirety shuuld read: Note that SectioTI 18-2-405 of the wage and hour l~ws

states that "v-Ihenevel- the employer is not a signatory party to a collective bargainIng agreement, those monies des1gnated as negotiated fringe benefits shall be paid to the employee as t.-Jages." In Section I ~ll fringe benefits are iI, acdltion to the prevailing ItJdlJe rates. In Section II the vdcation benefit e.imount 1'::· lnc.luded in the prevailing v-Jage rate. It can be deducted from the wage rate provided the employer is signatory to a collectively bargained agreement which ~ontains a vacation fund and the benefit is then paid Into the fund. If an employel- 1S not s.ignatory to a collectively bargained agreement the vacation benefit must be paid as wages. It is not to be considered a part of the hourly rate of pay for overtime purposes. The other friGge benefits in Section II (health & welfare, pension, apprenticeship training, travel and per diem) are to be paid in addltion to the prevailing wage rates.

MONTANA PREVAILING WAGE RATES

The wages herein specified and set by the Commissioner of Labor and Industry are controlling as to the minimum for the purposes of Section 18-2-401, et. seq., MeA. It is incumbent upon each employer to pay, as a minimum, the rate of wages, including fringe benefits for health and welfare and pension contributions and travel allowance provisions, applicable to the county or locality in which the work is being performed, provided in the attached wage determinations. Wage rates for apprentices registered in approved Federal or State apprenticeship programs are contained in those programs. However, apprentices not registered in approved Federal or State apprenticeship programs will be paid the prevailing wage rate.

Section 18-2-406, MCA, provides that contractors, subcontractors, and employers who are performing work or providing services under public works contracts as provided in this part shall post in a prominent and accessible site on the project or work area, not later than the first day of work, a legible statement of all wages to be paid to the employees on such site or work area.

18-2-403, MCA, requires contractors to give preference to the employment of bona fide Montana residents in the performance of the work on a public works project.

Inquiries about the state prevailing wage law or rates should be directed to the Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Relations Division, P.O. Box 1728, Helena, Montana, 59624, (406) 444-5600.

DATE OF PUBLICATION: 11-28-86

MONTANA PREVAILING WAGE RATES

The Commissioner of the Montana Department of Labor and Industry, in accordance with Sections 18-2-401 and 18-2-402 Montana Code Annotated, has determined the standard prevailing rate of wages for the occupations listed below.

Section I "Heavy/Highway" wage rates are used statewide and pertain to projects involved in the construction fields (other than building or residen­tial), alteration or repair of roads, streets, highways, alleys, runways, trails, parking areas, utility projects and so forth. Federal Davis-Bacon wage rates have been adopted by the Montana Department of Labor for use in Heavy/Highway projects. Section II "All Other" wage rates contain prevailing wage rates for the state on a regional basis and are categorized by the type of industry under which the occupation occurs. The categories are: Section A -Construction and Special Trades, Section B - Equipment Operators, Section C -Metal Workers, Section D - Services. The five regions are described below. The "All Other" wage rates are applicable for any occupation involved in projects other than those which are considered Heavy/Highway. However, if an occupation is not listed under the section which applies to your project, a rate from the other section should be used as the prevailing wage rate.

The prevailing wage rates listed in this publication were compiled from a survey of major occupations common to public work projects in the state. Every major occupation is comprised of one or more sub-occupations. "Communications Technician" is an example of a sub-occupation within the major occupation of Electricians. Since sub-occupations were not surveyed the prevailing wage rate for some SUb-occupations will be the collectively bargained rate. Sub-occupa­tions qualifying for separate rates will be listed as a sub-group with the major occupation. Electricians also have a split scale wage rate. In most regions a lower wage rate has been provided for lower cost projects.

Note that Section 18-2-405 of the wage and hour laws states that ... "when­ever the employer is not a signatory party to a collective bargaining agree­ment, those monies designated as negotiated fringe benefits shall be paid to the employee as wages." The health and welfare, pension, annuity, and apprenticeship training fringe benefits where indicated in both sections, or total fringe benefits package for some occupations in Section I, are to be paid in addition to the prevailing wage rate. The vacation benefit amount is included in the prevailing wage rate and is to be paid as wages unless the employer is signatory to a collectively bargained agreement which provides a vacation fund for its workers. It is not to be considered a part of the hourly rate of pay for overtime purposes.

"All Other" wage rates vary according to the region of the state in which a project is being completed. The counties within each region are listed below:

REGION 1: Flathead, Lake, Lincoln, Mineral, Missoula, Ravalli, and Sanders Counties

REGION 2: Beaverhead, Broadwater, Deer Lodge, Gallatin, Granite, Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, Madison, Meagher, Park, Powell, and Silver Bow Counties

2

REGION 3: Blaine, Cascade, Chouteau, Fergus, Glacier, Hill, Judith Basin, Liberty, Pondera, Teton, and Toole Counties

REGION 4: Carter, Custer, Daniels, Dawson, Fallon, Garfield, McCone, Petroleum, Phillips, Powder River, Prairie, Richland, Roosevelt, Rosebud, Sheridan, Treasure, Valley, and Wibaux Counties

REGION 5: Big Horn, Carbon, Golden Valley, Musselshell, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Wheatland, and Yellowstone Counties

3

CODE NUMBER

1-1

1-2

1-3

1-4

1-5

1-6

SECTION I: HEAVY/HIGHWAY

LABORERS --------

CLASSIFICATION

November 1986

Decision MT-84-S041 U.S. Dept. of Labor Minimum Wage Rates

Zone 1 Zone 2

Axeman; Carpenter Tender; Car and Truck Loaders; C 11.10 Scissorman; Chuck Tender and Nipper (above ground);

11. 75

Zone 3

11.95

Zone 4

12.35

Cosmo1ene applying and removing; Dumpman (Spotter); Fence Er~ctor and Installer (includes the instal-lation and erection of fences, guardrails, median rails, reference posts, right-of-way markers and guide posts); Form Stripper; General Laborer -Heavy Highway, Highway Bridge and Structure, Crusher and Batch Plant Laborers; Heater Tender (not covered by joint board decision - such as radiant type of butane fire, without blowers or fans - General Laborers scale); Landscape Laborer; Riprap Tender; Stake Jumper for Equipment; Sandblaster Tail Hoseman, Pot Tender; Sod Cutter, hand operated (General Laborers); Tool Checker; Tool Houseman

Burning Bar; Cement Mason Tender; Caisson Workers (free air); Cement Handlers; Choker Setter; Concrete Laborers (wet or dry); Bucketmen and Signalmen; Curb Machine; Dumpman (Grade Man); Form Setter; Hand Faller; JackhalTl11er, Pavement Breaker, Wagon Driller, Concrete Vibrator, Mechanical Tamper Vibrating Roller, hand steered and other power tools; Nozz1eman - air, water; Gunite and P1aco Machine; Concrete or Asphalt Saws; Pipe1ayer (all types); Laser Equipment Operator; Pipewrapper; Posthole Digger (power auger); Power Saw (bucking); Powderman Tender; Power Driven Wheelbarrow; Rigger; Riprapper; Spike Driver, single, dual or hand; Switchman; Tar Pot Operator

Asphalt Raker, Concrete Vibrator (5" and over); Drills, Air Track, self-propelled, Cat and Truck mounted air operated Drills; Drills, Air Track with dual masts; Drills, Air Tract, self-propelled Mustang type and similar; Equipment Handler; High Scaler; High Pressure Machine Nozzleman; Power Saw (falling); Sandblaster

Core Drill Operator, Grade Setter, Powderman, Welder, Cutting Torch and Air Arc Operator

Bluetop Surveying, Bridge Control Surveyors, weigh persons, dump persons

F1agpersons FRINGE BENEFITS C $3.15

Health & Welfare $1.75 Training $0.05 Pension $0.85 Vacation $0.5U

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

C 11.21 11.86 12.06

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

C 11. 35 12.00 12.20

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

C 12.05 12.70 12.90

-0- * -0- * -0- *

C 9.00 9.65 9.85

* Not covered by Federal Davis Bacon Wage Rates

Zone 4

12.46

Zone 4

12.60

Zone 4

13.30

-0- *

10.25

The weigh person shall record weights to the nearest hundred pounds and other required information on forms furnished by the engineer. The dump person shall, dt the delivery point, record on forms furnished by the engineer all information required for loads delivered and placed.

The zone hourly rate applicable to each project shall be determined by measuring the road miles over the shortest practical maintained route from the nearest County Courthouse of the following listed towns to the center of the job:

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

o .;. 15 miles 15 - 30 miles 30 - 50 miles Over 50 miles

Billings BOlenlan Butt!' D11lon

Glendive Great Falls Havre Glasgow

Ka 1 i spe 11 Lewistown Miles City H~lena

Missoula Sidney

HH 4

I~!!f! Q~lY~~~

CODE NUMBER CLASSIFICATION

Combination Truck and Concrete Mixer and Transit Mixer 2-1 To and including 4 cu. yds. 2-2 Over 4 cu. yds. to and incl. 6 cu. yds. 2-3 Over 6 cu. yds. to and incl. 8 cu. yds. 2-4 Over 8 cu. yds. to and incl. 10 cu. yds. 2-5 Over 10 cu. yds. add 8¢ per hour each ddditional cu.

yd. increment 2-6 Distributor Driver and Helper

Dry Batch Trucks 2-7 3 batch or under 2-8 Over 3 batch to and incl. 5 batch 2-9 Over 5 batch to and incl. 10 batch 2-10 Over 10 batch to and incl. 15 batch 2-11 Over 15 bdtch add 15¢ per hour each-additional 5

batch increment Oumpman, Gravel Spreader Box Operator Dump Trucks and Similar Equipment OW20, DW21 or Euclid Tractors, pulling PR 21 or similar Dump Wagons

2-12 Water Level Capacity, including sideboards 7 cu. yds or less

2-13 Over 7 cu. yds. to and incl. 10 cu. yds. 2-14 Over 10 cu. yds. to and incl. 15 cu. yds. 2-15 Over 15 cu. yds. to and incl. 20 cu. yds. 2-16 Over 20 cu. yds. to and incl. 25 cu. yds. 2-17 Over 25 cu. yds. to and incl. 30 cu. yds. 2-18 Over 30 cu. yds. to and incl. 35 cu. yds. , 2-19 Over 35 cu. yds. to and incl. 40 cu. yds. 2-20 Over 40 cu. yds. to and incl. 45 cu. yds. 2-21 Over 45 cu. yds. add 10¢ per hour each additional 5

cu. yd. increment. 2-22 Dumpsters

Flat Trucks 2-23 To and incl. 3-ton Factory Rating 2-24 Over 3-ton Factory Rating 2-25 Servicemen 2-26 Lowboys, Four-wheel Trailer, Float Semi-Trailer 2-27 Lumber Carriers, Lift Trucks and Fork Lifts 2-2B Pickup Driver, hauling materials 2-29 Pilot Car Driver 2-30 Powder Truck Driver (bulk unloader type) 2-31 Power Boom 2-32 Service Truck Drivers, Fuel Truck Drivers, Tiremen 2-33 Teamsters and Helpers 2-34 Warehouseman, Partsmen, Cardex Men and Warehouse

Expediter Water Tank Drivers, Petroleum Products Drivers

2-35 2,500 9als. and under 2-36 Over 2,500 gals. to and incl. 4,500 gals. 2-37 Over 4,500 guis. to and incl. 6,000 gals. 2-38 Over 6,000 gals. to and incl. 8,000 gals. 2-39 Over 8,000 gals. to and incld. 10,000 gals. 2-40 Ov~r 10,000 gals. add 10¢ per hour each addjtional

2,000 gal. increment 2-41 Trucks with power equipment, such as

Winch, A-frame Truck, Swedish Crane, Hydralift, Grout-crete Truck and Combination Mulching, Seeding and Fertilizing Truck

2-42 Truck Mechanic

FRINGE BENEFITS $2.97

Health & Welfare $1.73 PenSion $1.24

November 1986

Decis;on MT-84-5041 U.S. Dept. of Labor Minimum Wage Rates

~ Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

A $14.20 14.85 15.05 15.45 A 14.28 14.93 15.13 15.53 A 14.36 15.01 15.21 15.61 A 14.44 15.09 15.29 15.69

A 14.83 14.83 15.03 15.43

A 13.95 14.60 14.80 15.20 A 14.08 14.73 14.93 15.33 A 14.24 14.89 15.09 15.49 A 14.40 15.05 15.25 15.65

13.95 14.60 14.80 15.20

A 13.95 14.60 14.80 15.20

A 14.08 14.73 14.93 15.33 A 14.24 14.89 15.09 15.49 A 14.38 15.03 15.23 15.63 A 14.44 15.09 15.29 15.69 A 14.50 15.15 15.35 15.75 A 14.56 15.21 15.41 15.81 A 14.62 15.27 15.47 15.87 A 14.68 15.33 15.53 15.93

A 14.08 14.73 14.93 15.33

A 14.11 14.76 14.96 15.36 A 14.30 14.95 15.15 15.55 A 14.44 15.09 15.29 15.69 A 14.30 14.95 15.15 15.55 A 14.20 14.85 15.05 15.45 A 14.05 14.70 14.90 15.30 A 10.45 11.10 11.30 11. 70 A 14.13 14.78 14.98 15.38 A 14.04 14.69 14.89 15.29 A 14.38 15.03 15.23 15.63 A 13.95 14.60 14.80 15.20 A 14.20 14.85 15.05 15.45

A 13.95 14.60 14.80 15.20 A 14.24 14.89 15.09 15.49 A 14.44 15.09 15.29 15.69 A 14.50 15.15 15.35 15.75 A 14.58 15.23 15.43 15.83

A 14.20 14.85 15.05 15.45

A 14.66 15.31 15.51 15.91.

HH 5

CODE NUMBER CLASSIFICATION

November 1986

! ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ! ~ f ~ ~ (Continued)

Decision MT-84-5041 U.S. Dept. of labor Minimum Wage Rates

All tunnel and underground work will be paid at 10~ premium above the classification of equipment operated.

The zone hourly rate applicable to each project shall be determined by measuring the road miles over the shortest practical maintained route from the nearest County Courthouse of the following listed towns to the center of the job:

Billings Bozeman

Butte Dillon

Zone 1 0 - 15 miles Zone 2 15 - 30 miles

Glendive Havre Kalispell Great Falls Glasgow Lewistown

Zone 3 30 - SO miles Zone 4 Over 50 miles

Miles City Helena

Missoula Sidney

November 1986

POW E R IQ!:!lf!:!I!!I OPE RAT 0 R S - - - -- ---------CODE Decision MT-84-5041 U.S. Dept. of Labor NUMBER CLASSIFICATION Minimum wa~e Rates

Zone 1 Zone Zone 3 Zone 4 ---- ---- ----3-1 A-frame Truck Crane, Winch Truck & Similar F $ 13.60 14.25 14.45 14.85 3-2 Air Compressor Operator, Single F 13.29 13.94 14.14 14.54 3-3 Air Compressor Operator, 2 or more F 13.46 14.11 14.31 14.71 3-4 Air Doctor F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-5 Belt Finishing Machine Operator F 13.46 14.11 14.31 14.71 3-6 Bit Grinder F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-7 Bitum, Mixer Paving, Travel Plant F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-8 Boring Machine Operator, Jeep, Pickup or farm tractor F 13.35 14.00 14.20 14.60

mounted 3-9 Broom Operator self-propelled F 13.43 14.08 14.28 14.68 3-10 Cement Silo Operator F 13.55 14.20 14.40 14.80 3-11 Chain Bucket Loader F 13.48 14.13 14.33 14.73

Concrete Batch Oiler, Asst. to Engineer 3-12 up to and incl. 2 mixers F 13.28 13.93 14.13 14.53 3-13 3 mixers and over F 13.59 14.24 14.44 14.84 3-14 Concrete Bucket Dispatcher F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-15 Concrete Curing Machine F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-16 Concrete Conveyor under 40' F 13.34 13.99 14.19 14.59 3-17 Concrete Conveyor over 40' F 14.09 14.74 14.94 15.34

Concrete Mixer Operator 3-18 3 bags and under F 13.35 14.00 14.20 14.60 3-19 4 bags and over F 13.52 14.17 14.31 14.71 3-20 Concrete Power Saw, self-propelled F 13.16 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-21 Concrete Travel Batcher F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01

Conveyor Loader Operator 3-22 up to and including 42' belt F 13.34 13.99 14.19 14.59 3-23 over 42' belt F 13.46 14.11 14.31 14.71 3-24 Crane Oiler, Asst. to Engineer F 13.33 13.98 14.18 14.58 3-25 Crusher Oiler & Helper, Asst. to Engineer F 13.25 13.90 14.10 14.50 3-26 Crusher Conveyor Operator, when required F 13.22 13.87 14.07 14.47 3-27 OW 10, 15, 20 Tractor Pulling Roller F 13.48 14.13 14.33 14.73 3-28 Elevating Grader F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 f 3-29 Farm Type Tractor, up to and including 50 h.p. engine F 13.22 13.87 14.07 14.47 3-30 over 50 h.p. engine F 13.30 13.95 14.15 14.55 3-31 Field Equipment Serviceman Helper F 9.90 10.55 10.75 11.15 3-32 Fireman F 13.35 14.00 14.20 14.60 3-33 Forklift, on Construction Site F 13.57 14.22 14.42 14.82 3-34 Form Grader Operator F 13.53 14.18 14.38 14.78 3-35 Grade Setter F 13.22 13.87 14.07 14.47 3-36 Heavy Duty Drills, Helper F 13.35 14.00 14.20 14.60 3-37 Herman Nelson Heater & Similar Types F 13.30 13.95 14.15 14.55 3-38 Hoist Operator, Single Drum F 13.53 14.18 14.38 14.78 3-39 Hoist Operator, two or more drums F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-40 Helicopter Hoist Operator F 14.26 14.91 15.11 15.51 3-41 Hot Plant Oiler, Asst. to Engineer,

100 Ton per hour or over F 13.25 13.90 14.10 14.50 3-42 Hydralift and similar types F 13.66 14.31 14.51 14.91 3-43 Mechanic on job helper F 9.90 10.55 10.15 11.15 3-44 Mixermobile F 13.84 14.49 14.69 15.09 3-45 Mountain Logger or similar type F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-46 Oiler, Hoist House, Dams, Asst. to Engineer F 13.66 14.31 14.51 14.91 3-41 Oiler-Driver, Rubber-tired Cranes, Asst. to Engineer F 13.33 13.98 14.18 14.58 3-48 Oilers, other than shovels & cranes, Asst. to Engineer F 13.25 13.90 14.10 14.50 3-49 Pavement Breaker, Emsco & similar F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-50 Power Mixer, single or double drum F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-51 Power Saw, self-propelled, multiple cut F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-52 Pumpman F 13.29 13.94 14.14 14.54 3-53 Radiator Repairman F 13.57 14.22 14.42 14.82 3-54 Refrigerator Plant Operator F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-55 Retort Operator F 13.35 14.01 14.20 14.60 3-56 Roller, on other than hot mix oil paving F 13.46 14.11 14.31 14.71 3-57 Roller, 25 ton or over F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-58 Shovel Oiler, Asst. to Engineer, 3 cy. and under F 13.25 13.91 14.10 14.50 3-59 Shovel Oiler, Asst. to Engineer, over 3 cy. F 13.66 14.31 14.51 14.91 3-60 Turnhead Conveyor Operator or Head Tower

Operator on Batch Plant F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-61 Wagner Roller dnd simildr type F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-62 Whirley Crane Oiler. Asst. to Engineer F 13.66 14.31 14.51 14.91 3-63 Water Pull when used for compaction F 13.76 14.41 14.61 15.01 3-64 Wdshing & Screening Plant Oiler. Asst. to Engineer F 13.25 13.90 14.10 14.50

FRINGE BENEFITS $3.34 HH 7

CODE NUMBER

3-6S 3-66 3-67 3-68 3-69 3-70 3-71 3-72 3-73

3-74

3-7S 3-76 3-77 3-78 3-79 3-80

3-81 3-82 3-83 3-84 3-8S 3-86 3-87 3-88

3-89 3-90

3-91 3-92 3-93 3-94 3-95 3-96 3-97 3-98 3-99 3-100 3-101 3-102 3-103 3-104 3-105 3-106 3-107 3-108

3-109 3-110 3-111 3-112 3-113 3-114 3-115 3-116 3-11,' 3-118 3-119 3-120 3-121 3-122

f·~ !! ~ ~ ~!l.l! 1 f ~ ~ !! I Q f ~ ~ ~ I Q ~? (Continued)

CLASSIFICATION Group 2

Chip-Gravel Spreader, self-propelled Concrete Float Operator & Spreader Distributor Operator Electric Overhead Cranes Heavy Duty Drills all types Hot Plant Fireman (when in operation) Roller, on blade or hot mix oil paving Ross and similar type carriers on construction site Scraper, OW IS, 20, 21 & similar Type

F 13.S8 F 13.86 F 13.86 F 14.04 F 13.86 F 13.86 F 13.86 F 13.86

if power is not used Self-propelled Sheeps Foot & Similar Type

F 13.86 F 13.86

FRINGE BENEFITS $3.34

Group 3

Asphalt Paving Machine Operator F Asphalt Paving Machine Screed Operator F Automatic Finegrader, Gurries & other similar types F Boring Machine Operator, large F Cableway Highline Operator F Central Mixing Plants, concrete dams & stationary F Concrete Batch Plant Operator

1 and 2 mixers F 3 and 4 mixers F S mixers and over F

Concrete Finish Machine Paving F Concrete Pump F Crane Operator, to and including 80' boom F Crane Operator, 81' to 130' boom F Crane Operator, 131' to 180' boom F

(Additional $ .OS per hour is added for each SO' of boom. Jibs to be included in boom length.)

Creter Crane F Tower Crane F Skyhorse & Ri nger Crane

2S0 Ton through 399 Ton F 400 Ton through 599 Ton F 600 Ton and Over F

Crusher Operator F Field Equipment Serviceman F Grada 11 Operator F Hot Plant Operator F Industrial Locomotives (all types) F Mechanic F Motor Patrol Operator F Mucking Machine Operator F Paving & Mixing Machine Operator F Power Auger, large truck or tractor, mounted & punch F Pumpcrete or Grout Machine Operator F Push Tractor, Dozer, or Side Boom, Rubber-tired Dozer F Quad Cat F Quad Loader & similar type F Raygo Giant F Rubber-tired Front End Loader 1 cy and under F

over 1 cy to and including 3 cy. F over 3 cy to and including 5 cy. F over 5 cy to and including 10 cy. F over 10 cy. to and including IS cy. F over 15 cy (Factory rating, not to include sideboards)F

Scraper, Single Engine F Scraper, Single or Twin Engine, pulling belly dump trailerF Scraper, Twin Engine F Scraper, Tandem or 3 engined F Shovels, including all attach under 1 cy. F Shovels, including all attach 1 cy to & including 3 cy. F Shovels, including all attach over 3 cy & including S cy. F Shovels, including all attach over S cy. F

13.96 13.96 14.09 13.96 14.47 14.21

13.96 14.16 14.36 13.96 14.29 14.12 14.27 14.32

14.12 14.12

lS.12 16.12 17.12 13.96 13.88 13.96 13.96 13.96 14.06 14.09 13.96 14.09 13.96 13.96 13.96 14.26 14.S4 14.S4

13.67 13.96 14.08 14.18 14.28 14.38 14.09 14.34 14.19 14.4S 13.96 14.14 14.41 14.54

14.23 14.S1 14.S1 14.69 14.51 14.51 14.51 14.51

14.S1 14.51

14.61 14.61 14.74 14.61 15.12 14.86

14.61 14.81 15.01 14.61 14.94 14.77 14.92 14.97

14.77 14.77

lS.77 16.77 17.77 14.61 14.53 14.61 14.61 14.61 14.71 14.74 14.61 14.74 14.61 14.61 14.61 14.91 lS.19 IS.19

14.32 14.61 14.73 14.83 14.93 lS.03 14.74 14.99 14.84 IS.lO 14.61 14.79 IS.06 15.19

I November 1986

I

14.43 14.71 14.71 14.89 14.71 14.71 14.71 14.71

14.71 14.71

14.81 14.81 14.94 14.81 15.32 15.06

14.81 15.01 15.21 14.81 IS.14 14.97 IS.12 14.67

14.97 14.97

IS.97 16.97 17.97 14.81 14.73 14.Bl 14.81 14.81 14.91 14.94 14.Bl 14.94 14.81 14.B1 14.81 15.11 15.39 IS.39

14.S2 14.81 14.93 lS.03 lS.13 lS.23 14.94 lS.19 lS.04 15.30 14.Bl 14.99 15.26 15.39

14.83 15.11 15.11 15.29 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11

15.11 15.11 I 15.21 15.21 15.34 15.21 15.72 15.41

I

15.21 15.41 15.61 15.21 15.S4 15.37 15.52 15.07

15.37 lS.37

16.37 17.37 1B.37 15.21 lS.13 15.21 15.21 15.21 15.31 15.34 IS.21 15.34 15.21 lS.21 lS.21

~~:j~ i IS.79

14.92 I·. 15.21 15.33 IS.43 15.53 IS.63 I 15.34 15.5: .... ..4 . 15.4,..., 15.70 I 15.21 15.39 15.67 15. 79H1

November 1986

~ Q. ~ S R ~!l ~ 1 E ~ t !!! Q f g R ~ ! Q R? (Continued)

CODE NUMBER CLASSIFICATION

Decision MT-84-5041 U.S. Dept. of Labor Minimum Wage Rates

3-123 3-124

3-125 3-126 3-127 3-128 3-129 3-130 3-131 3-132 3-133 3-134

Zone 1

Slip Form Paver Operator F 14.09 Stiff-leg Derrick & Guy Derrick F 14.41 Track-typ~ Front End Loaders

up to and including S cy. F 13.96 over S cy. to and including 10 cy. F 14.19 over 10 cy. to and including 15 cy. F 14.29 over IS cy. F 14.39

Track-type Tractor, on Euclid Loader F 14.14 Trenching Machine Operator F 13.96 Washing & Screening Plant Operator F 13.96 Yo-Yo Cat. both ends F 14.16 Whirley Crane Operator F 14.49 Cold Mill Planer Operator F 13.96

FRINGE BENEFITS $3.34

Health & Welfare $1.62 Pension $1.05

Training $0.07 Vacation $0.60

~~ Zone 3 Zone 4

14.74 14.94 IS.34 IS.06 15.26 15.66

14.61 14.81 15.21 14.84 15.04 15.44 14.94 15.14 15.54 15.04 15.24 15.64 14.79 14.99 15.39 14.61 14.81 15.21 14.61 14.81 15.21 14.81 15.01 15.41 15.14 15.34 15.74 14.61 14.81 lS.21

All tunnel and underground work will be paid at 10% premium above the classification of equipment operated.

The zone hourly rate applicable to each project shall be determined by measuring the road miles over the shortest practical maintained route from the nearest County Courthouse of the following listed towns to the center of the job:

Bi 11 ings Bozeman

Butte Dillon

Zone 1 0 - 15 miles Zone 2 15 - 30 miles

Glendive Havre Kalispell Great Falls Glasgow Lewistown

Zone 3 30 - SO miles Zone 4 Over 50 miles

Miles City Helena

Missoula Sidney

HH 9

November 1986

coot Decision MT-84-5041 U.S. Dept. of Labor NUMBER CLASSIFICATION Minimum wa~e Rates

Zone 1 Zone Zone 3 Zone 4

4-1 4-2

4-3

4-4 4-5 4-6

All Counties except Area #1: Beaverhead & Silverbow

Carpenters Pl1edri ver

Sawfiler, Stationary Power Saw Operator Carpenters working w/burned, charred, creosoted, or similar material

Millwrights

C $12.53 C 12.78

C 13.53

FRINGE BENEFITS $3.76

Heolth & Welfare $1.70 Pension $1.50

Area #2: Beaverhead & Silverbow Counties

Carpentf'rs Mi llwrights Pile drivers

Vacation $0.50 Training $0.06

FRINGE BENEFITS C $4.61

Health & Welfare $1.70 Pensicn $1.50

Vacation $1.35 Training $0.06

C 13.06 C 14.06 C 13.~)6

Zone Definitions - Carpenters

13.18 13.43

14.18

13.38 13.63

14.38

13.48 14.03

14.78

The zone hourly rate applicable to each project shall be determined by measuring the road miles over the shortest practical maintained route from the County Courthouse of the following listed towns to the center of the job:

Anaconda Billings Bozeman

Zone 1 0 - 15 mile~ Zone 2 15 - 30 miles

Great Falls Havre Glasgow

Kal i spell Lewistown Li vings ton

Zone 3 30 - 50 miles Zone 4 Over 50 miles

Miles City Helena Missoula

Sidney Glendive

m I

lC i

CODE NUMBER

5-1 5-2

5-3

CLA SIFICATlON

Cement Mason Journeyman Grinder, Bush hammer, and chipping gun

when finishing work is to follow Epoxy Work

FRINGE BENEFITS C $2.15

Health & Welfare $1.35 Pension $0.80

Zone Definitions - Cement Masons

F 13.03 F 13.18

F 13.33

13.6B 13.83

13.98

November 1986

of Labor

13.88 14.03

14.18

14.28 14.43

14.58

The zone hourly rate applicable to each project shall be determined by measuring the road miles over the shortest practical maintained route from the County Courthouse of the following listed towns to the center of the job:

Billings Bozeman

Butte Dillon

Zone 1 0 - 15 miles Zone 2 15 - 30 miles

Geographical Jurisdiction

Statewide Montana

Glendive Havre Kalispell Great Falls Glasgow Lewistown

Zone 3 30 - 50 miles Zone 4 Over 50 miles

Miles City Helena

Missoula Sidney

HH 11

Area 6-1

Area 6-2

CODE NUMBER

6-1-1 6-1-2 6-1-3

6-2-1 6-2-2 6-2-3

November 1986

Statewide (except those counties listed in Area 2).

Flathead County, Glacier County, Lake County. Lincoln County. Mineral County. Missoula County. and Sanders County

Decision MT-84-S041 U.S. Dept. of Labor CLASSI FICATION Minimum Wage Rates

Ironworker Structural & Ornamental C 15.36 Ironworker Reinforcing C 15.36 Ironworker Fence Erector C 15.36

FRINGE BENEFITS $3.15

PenSion $1.60 Health & Welfare $1.30 Training $0.25

Ironworker Structural & Ornamental 15.18 Ironworker Reinforcing 15.18 Ironworker Fence Erector 15.18

FRINGE BENEFITS $6.71

PenSion $2.15 Hea 1 th Security $2.36 Apprenticeship $0.25 Vacation $1.50 Annuity $.045

Il 1

November 1986

AREA-l Deer Lodge County. Silver Bow County. Beaverhead County. Madison County, Jefferson County due west from the south limits of Toston. Montana. southern part of Granite County from a and west through the southern city limits of Philipsburg.

AREA-2

from a line running line running east

Glacier County. excluding the northwest tip of the county; (that which contains Glacier National Park), Toole County. Ponder. County, Teton County. Lewis ~nd Clark County. Cascade County. Judith Basin County. Fergus County, Petroleum County. Wheatland County. Choteau Coynty. Phillips County. Valley County, Daniels County. Sheridan County, Roosevelt County. Richland County. M~Cone County, Garfield County. Liberty County. Hill County. Blaine County. Meagher County, Broadwater County. the northern portion of Jefferson County from a line running east and west five (5) miles south of the southern city limits of Boulder. Montana; the southern portion of Powell County from a line running east and west through the southern city limits of Helmville. Montana.

AREA-3 Sweetgrass. Golden Valley, Stillwater, Carbon. Musselshell. Yellowstone, Big Horn, Treasure, Rosebud, Custer, Powder River, Prairie, Dawson, Wibaux, Fallon, Carter, Ga1latin and Park Counties.

ARE A - 4 Lincoln County, Flathead County, Sanders County, lake County, Mineral County, Missoula County, Ravalli County. the northern portion of Granite County from a line running east and west through the southern city limits of Philipsburg, Montana, the northern part of Powell County from a line running east and west through the southern city 1imits of Helmville, Montana.

coot NUMBER AREA CLASSIFICATION

7-1-1 A-I Painter, Brush or Rollers. Prep. Work; Pot Tender; Water & Sandblasting.

7-1-2 A-1 Application of Cold Tar. Epoxies, Polyurethanes and Acid Resistant Paints.

7-1-3 A-I Parking Lot Striping & Related Work.

7-1-4 A-I Brush or Roller on Steel.

7-1-5 A-1 Spraying & Airless Spray.

7-2-1 1.-2 Painter, Brush or Rollers. Prep. Work; Pot Tenderi Water & Sandblasting.

7-2-2 A-2 Application of Cold Tar, Epoxies, Polyurethanes and Acid Resistant Paints.

7-2-3 A-2 Parking Lot Striping & Related Work.

7-2-4 A-2 BrUSh or Roller on Steel.

7-2-5 A-2 Spraying & Airlp~!; Spray.

BAStC HR. RATE

12.99

15.24

12.99

12.99

12.99

12.99

15.24

12.99

12.99

12.99

~R t Rt;£ BEN£~IT pl'iVp,r~Ts PER: flOOR: IN l'iooITION TO ROURLY R~T£

1.87 +1S

1.87 + 1%

1.87 + 1%

1.87 + 1%

1.87 + 1%

1.87 + U

1.87 + U

1.87 + 1%

1.87 + 1%

1.87 + 1%

HH 13

November 1986

P A I N T E R S (Contin~ed) --~ .... -.---

CODE BAstc FRtRG[ s[NEFtT PAV~ERTs PER ROOR NUMBER AREA Cl!SSlFlCATlON HR. RATE IN ADDITIoN T~ ROuRLY RATE

7-3-1 A-3 Painter, Brush and Roll (COIIIII.), 12.82 1.97 7-3-2 A-3 Painter. Spray; Epoxies. Brush &

Roller. 13.82 1.97 7-3-3 A-3 Painter, on Structural Steef &

Tanks. 14.07 1.97 7-3-4 A-3 Sandblaster, Commercial & Steel

Pot Tender. 13.07 1.97 7-3-5 A-3 Painter, EpoKies, Spray;

Coal Tar, Brush & Roller. 14.82 1.97 7-3-6 A-3 Painter, Epoxies, Steel. 15.07 1.97 7-3-7 A-3 Painter, Coal Tar. Spray. 15.82 1.97 7-3-8 A-3 Painter. Coal Tar, Steel. 16.07 1.97

7-4-1 A-4 Painter, Brush; Prep Work; Pot Tender; Water & Sandblasting; Spraying & Airless Spray. Rollers; App. of Cold Tar Prod., Epoxies, Acid Res. Paints & Polyurethanes. 15.42 1.91

CODE NUMBER 8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-8

CODE

CRAFT Or TRADE LIne Const. Line Const. Li ne Const. Line Const. Line Const. Line Const. Line Const. Line Const.

CRAFT or TRADE LIne Const. Line Const.

~hff!!!f.!~!!?

(LINE CONSTRUCTION)

CLASSIFICATION Cable Spl1cer Lineman Operator Line Equipment Operator Jackhammerman, Compressorman Groundman A Pole Sprayer Tree Trimmer Powennan

AREA Flathead, Lake, Cincoln Remainder of Counties

FLATHEAo LAKE LINCOLN

C 19.68 C 17 .68 C 15.07 C 13.06 C 12.26 C 15.71 C 16.30 C 13.06

All work for Power Utilities all Highway Lighting, Street Lighting & Motor Traffic Controlling.

Decision MT-84-50241

CODE NUMBER 8-1-1 8-2-2 8-3-3 8-4-4 8-5-5 8-6-6 8-7-7 8-8-8

November 1986

REMAINDER OF

COUNTIES C 17. 61 C 16.48 C 14.59

C 11.86

o

FRINGE BENEFIT PAYMENTs PER HOUR IN ADDITION TO HOURLY RATE

B 1.50 + JU B 1.75 + 31%

WAG E RAT E S - E L E C T RIC I A N S - - - TIRsiDE ~RAFT)- - - - - - - - -

Decision MT-84-5041 FRINGE BENEFIT pAYMENTs PER HOUR

IN ADDITION To HOURLY RATE

NUMBER CLASSIFICATION RATE AREA 1: Beaverhead, Deer Lodge, Granite, Jefferson, Madison, Silver Bow and Powell CountIes

AREA 2: Big Horn, Carbon, Carter, Dawson, Golden Valley, Musselshell, Powder River, Prairie, Rosebud, Stillwater, Treasure, Wibaux, and Yellowstone Counties.

AREA 3: Blaine, Chouteau, Daniels, Fergus, Glacier, Hill, Judith Basin, Liberty, McCone, Petroleum, Pondera, Phillips, Richland, Roosevelt, Sheridan, Teton, Toole, Valley and Wheatland Counties.

AREA 4: Broadwater. Lewis & Clark, and Meagher Counties.

AREA 5: . Cascade County

AREA 6: Flathead, Lake, Lincoln, Mineral, Missoula, Ravalli and Sanders Counties

AREA 7: Gallatin County

AREA 8: Park and Sweet Grass Counties

First Digit = Craft Second Oi~it = Area of State Third Digit = Classification within the Craft

9-1-1 9-2-1 9-2-2 9-3-1 9-3-2 9-4-1 9-5-1 9-5-2 9-6-1 9-6-2 9-7-1 9-7-2 9-8-1 9-8-2

Journeyman Electrician Journeyman Electrician Cable Splicers Electrician Cable Splicers Journeyman Electrician Journe~nan Electrician Cable Splicer Journeyman Electrician Cable Splicer Journeyman Electrician Cable Splicer Journeyman Electrician Cable Splicer

C 16.35 C 1B.05 C 18.95 C 15.15 C 15.90 C 16.60 C 17.20 C 18.06 C 18.95 C 19.89 C 15.40 C 16.17 C 15.40 C 16.17

C 1. 55 + 3fl', C 1.55 + 3~% C 1.55 + 31% C 1.80 + 31% C 1.80 + 3it C 1.80 + 3it C 1.80 + 31% C 1.80 + 3i% C 1.35 + 3i% C 1.35 + 3i% C 1.55 + 3i% C 1.55 t 3!% C 1.55 + 3!% C 1.55 t 3!%

HH 15

cOot cRAFT "weER or TRADE

10-1 Sheet Metal

~ ~ f ~! ~ ~ ! ~ h ~ Q ~ ~ 1 ~ S (STATEWIDE)

CLASS I F ICATIDN AREA

Journeyman C 16.42

FRINGE BENEFIT pAYMENTs PER HOUR IN ADDITIoN To HOURLY RATE

C 3.51

November 1986

Decision MT-84-5041

CODE CRAFT NUM8ER or TRADE CLASSIFICATION

11-1-1 Plumber Journeyman 11-2-1 Plumber Journeyman 11-3-1 Plumber Journeyman 11-4-1 Plumber Journeyman

PLUMBERS

AREA

A-I A-2 A-3 A-4

RATE

E 18.63 E 17.95 E 18.40 E 19.25

US Department of labor Minimum Wage Rates

FRINGE BENEFIT PAYMENTS PER HOUR IN ADDITIoN To HOURLY RATE

E 3.50 E 2.42 E 2.25 E 3.00

~~f~ Q~~£~!f!!~~~

AREA 1: flathead, Lake, Lincoln, Mineral, Missoula, and Sanders Counties

AREA 2: Blaine, Cascade, Chouteau, Fergus, Glacier, Hill, Judith Basin, Liberty, McCone, Meagher, Phillips, Pondera, Roosevelt, Teton, Toole, and Valley Counties .

AREA 3: Beaverhead, Broadwater, Deer Lodge, Gallatin, Granite, Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, Madison, Park, Powell, Silver Bow and Sweet Grass Counties

AREA 4: Big Horn, Carbon, Carter, Custer, Daniels, Dawson, Fallon, Garfield, Golden Valley, Musse'she", Petroleum, Powder River, Prairie, Richland, Rosebud, Sheridan, Stillwater, Treasure, Wheatland, Wibaux and Yellowstone Counties

'"

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$18.

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$24

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35

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2 1

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$

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per

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$

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g W

age

Pro

ject

s.

YO

UR

SO

LU

TIO

N:

The

Bu

ilde

rs, C

on

tra

cto

rs a

nd

Em

plo

yee

s R

etir

em

en

t Tru

st.

As

a co

ntra

ctor

. yo

u h

ave

lon

g fa

ced

the

pro

ble

m

of w

ag

e s

cale

s on

Da

vis·

Ba

con

Sta

te P

reva

iling

W

age project~ a

s w

ell

ag

p'fo

ject

s u

nd

er t

he

S

erv

ice

Co

ntr

act

Act

. Th

e c

ha

rt b

elo

w g

ive

s b

ase

ho

urly

wa

ge

an

d fr

inge

-fig

ure

s fo

r a

nu

mb

er o

f occupations~figures y

ou

ha

ve to

co

mp

ly w

ith

wh

en

bid

din

g o

n p

ub

lic ,"

"ork

prO

ject

s.

How

ever

, th

e la

w d

oe

s n

ot r

eq

uir

e y

ou

to

pa

y th

e e

xact

ho

url

y b

ase

ra

tes

an

d h

ou

rly fr

ing

e

rate

s sh

ow

n in

the

ch

art

. A

ny

com

bina

tion

of

cash

wag

es. ~n

sura

nce.

or

tru

st p

aym

en

ts fo

r a

pp

rove

d fr

ing

es

is a

cce

pta

ble

. pr

ovid

ed th

e to

tal

is a

t lea

st a

s m

uch

as

the

tota

l cas

h an

d fr

inge

ra

tes

de

term

ine

d b

y th

e S

ecr

eta

ry o

f Lab

or.

.• ~~t2j

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e B

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ntr

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d E

mpl

oyee

s R

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en

t Tru

st g

ive

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u a

way

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ay y

our

pe

op

le a

low

er c

ash

ba

se r

ate

and

a h

igh

er

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ge

ra

te.

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ts y

ou

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ve m

oney

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) bi

d m

ore

co

mp

etit

ive

ly:

an

d (

3)

-lev

el o

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you

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pa

y b

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'riva

te a

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k.

BA

SE

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ee

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taxe

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'''e

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pens

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tate

and

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lic L

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lity)

on

gro

ss

roll.

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bid

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t it b

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yo

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save

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ll m

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litiv

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bs

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cons

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min

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ties.

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ou c

an, o

f cou

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set

up

yo

ur o

wn

com

pany

fr

inge

be

ne

fit p

rogr

ams.

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ever

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then

ha

ve

the

resp

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bilit

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f des

igni

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pro

gram

that

is

fair

for

all t

he

diff

eren

t typ

es

of w

orke

rs a

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w

ages

you

hav

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ou a

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lso

requ

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app

rova

l an

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ppro

val.

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onc

e yo

u ov

erco

me

all t

hese

'obs

tacl

es,

you

then

hav

e to

se

t up

an

adm

inis

trat

ive

syst

em, a

s w

ell a

s pa

y se

t-up

cha

rges

an

d o

ngoi

ng a

dmin

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es

as a

co

mp

an

y ex

pens

e.

With

the

Tru

st, y

ou h

ave

no p

lan

desi

gn o

r leg

al

prob

lem

s, a

nd

you

bea

r no

ne

of t

he c

ost f

or

adm

inis

trat

ion.

i; ".',-

Let t

he T

rust

go

to w

ork

for y

o'

Her

e's

how

...

1 S

et y

ou

r b

asi

c h

ou

rly

rate

s.

Th

e ra

te y

ou s

et i

s no

rmal

ly g

over

ned

by

your

usu

al r

ate

s on

pri

vate

wo

w

orke

rs.

You

the

n ta

ke c

redi

t fo

r an

y fr

inge

be

ne

fits

you

pro

vid

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r a

pp

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tice

ship

pay

men

ts y

ou m

ake

to y

our a

ssoc

iatio

n, o

r g

rou

p h

ea

l! yo

ur h

ou

rly

wor

kers

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2 A

do

pt

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om

pa

ny

po

licy

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fri

ng

es

you

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A.

A M

on

ey

Pu

rch

ase

Pe

nsi

on

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n.

You

can

co

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te u

p to

25

% (

taxa

ble

inco

me

on p

reva

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wag

e w

ork

only

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vert

ime

pa

y m

ust

t

ba

sic

hour

ly r

ate

in c

ash.

Onl

y 1

times

the

fri

nge

rate

is

requ

ired

.;

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s pe

nsio

n pl

an p

rovi

des

each

em

ploy

ee w

ith a

po

rta

ble

pla

n th

a

nd

ret

ain

thro

ugho

ut h

is w

orki

ng y

ears

. II

lets

him

bui

ld a

siz

ab

le

be

fore

-ta

x d

olla

rs.

Thi

s is

a v

ery

impo

rtan

t b

en

efit

in t

od

ay'

s e

cor

wel

l-re

ceiv

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orke

rs in

the

con

stru

ctio

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dust

ry.

B.

Gro

up

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alt

h I

nsu

ran

ce. T

his

plan

is a

dmin

iste

red

on a

n h

ou

r be

h

ou

rly

wor

kers

. Y

ou c

an in

stal

l thi

s pr

ogra

m a

nd u

se it

for

you

r h

ou

ri'

are

wo

rkin

g o

n p

reva

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g w

ag

e w

ork

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not.

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he

pre

miu

m i

s w

ork

ed

-no

t a

set

amou

nt e

ach

mon

th.

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efits

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on

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em

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k

poss

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Da

vis-

Ba

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take

196

cub

ic f

eet

of w

ater

a s

ec-

ticu

larl

y co

ncer

ned

that

at

leas

t 41

qu

ired

th

e co

ntra

ctor

to

p

ost

a

Ton

aske

t Irr

igat

ion

Dis

tric

t.

ond

from

the

Oka

noga

n an

d S

imil-

subc

ontr

acto

rs

and

supp

lier

s -

bond

. F

eder

al p

rocu

rem

ent

regu

la-

The

loca

l wat

er d

istr

ict m

ust p

ay

~,~m

een

rive

rs a

nd d

eliv

er i.

t to

ore-

man

y of

the

m lo

cate

d in

the

Pa~c

ti~~

, ho

wev

er, o

nly

req

uir

ed

a '2.

~ th

e fe

dera

l go

vern

men

t '2

59,2

00 a

na

rds

thro

ugh

100

mO

es

of

Nor

thw

est

-ha

ve n

ot b

een

paid

m

illi

on b

ond

on a

ny f

eder

al p

roJ-

year

for

the

nex

t 50

year

s. A

crea

ge

l,;'1

derg

roun

d ir

riga

tion

pip

e.

clai

ms

that

cu

rreD

tly

tota

l '3

.7

eets

in e

xce

ss o

f '5

mil

lion

. w

ithin

th

e w

ater

dis

tric

t pr

oduc

es

It

wil

l re

plac

e aD

an

tiqu

ated

, m

illio

n,

proj

ect

dire

ctor

D

icke

n-W

hen

supp

lier

s' c

laim

s ex

ceed

ed

,20

mill

ion

wor

th o

f app

les

a ye

ar.

2oov

e·gr

ound

w

oode

n fl

ume

sys-

shee

t sai

d.

the

bond

, th

e bo

ndin

g co

mpa

ny,

Dan

Sm

ith,

who

ope

rate

s a

road

-te

rn b

uilt

in t

he 1

920s

. W

hen

supp

lier

s de

live

r m

ater

ial

Tra

vele

rs

Inde

mni

ty

Co_

, tu

rne

d

side

gr

ocer

y st

ore

in

Ell

isfo

rde,

T

he j

oint

ven

ture

con

trac

tor

was

to

suc

h a

fede

ral

job

site

, th

ey.r

e-th

e bo

nd o

ver

to U

.S. D

istr

ict C

ourt

sa

id

orch

ardi

sts

he

know

s ar

e aw

arde

d a

$14.

9 m

illi

on c

ontr

act

in

leas

e th

eir

lien

so

the

cont

ract

or

in S

poka

ne in

Apr

il. A

fede

ral

judg

e gr

owin

g an

grie

r ov

er t

he

mud

dy

Aug

ust

1984

, w

ith

sche

dule

d co

m-

can

tran

sfer

th

e m

ater

ial

to t

he

.ill d

ecid

e la

ter

this

yea

r bo

w t

he .

wat

er a

nd h

igh

bills

.

An

infu

sio

n o

f $3

.5

,mil

lion

in

ca

sh w

as

nee

ded

to g

et

sup

pli

ers

pa

id a

nd

ke

ep t

he

pro

ject

m

ovi

ng

on

,.,.

ti

met

ab

le.

·c

.'

"." -

plet

ion

this

A

ugus

t. B

ut D

OW

th

e co

ntra

ctor

say

s th

e jo

b .

on

't b

e do

ne u

ntil

Oct

ober

at t

he

earl

iest

. A

rtuk

ovlc

b re

plac

ed

Rob

ert

Kru

eger

, ow

ner

of

Kit

-8an

C

on­

stru

ctio

n, a

s au

thor

ized

~ta­

Uve

of

the

join

t ve

atur

e. K

rueg

er'.

com

pany

fil

ed f

or f

inan

cial

reo

rg­

aniz

atio

n in

U.s.

Ban

krup

tcy

Cou

rt

gove

rnm

ent

and

fede

ral

fund

s ca

n

mon

ey w

ill b

e di

stri

bute

d.

The

'6

0 a

yea

r p

er

acre

ass

ess­

be d

ispe

rsed

. D

icke

nshe

et s

aid

supp

lier

s ar

en't

m

ent

is l

evie

d w

heth

er o

r no

t th

e T

he f

eder

al f

unds

wer

e re

leas

ed

ship

ping

add

itio

nal

mat

eria

l ne

ed-

orch

ardi

sts

use

the

wat

er.

as

supp

lies

w

ere

deli

vere

d,

but

ed t

o co

mpl

ete

tile

pro

ject

bec

ause

"W

hen

this

th

ing

was

fir

st

put

wer

e no

t di

stri

bute

d to

all

sub

con-

. they

hav

en't

been

pai

d.

oat,

it w

as IU~ to

be

$60

a tr

acto

rs a

nd s

uppl

iers

on

the

proj

-"I

f th

e co

ntra

ctor

doe

s n

ot

com

e ye

ar,"

Sm

ith

BIlId

. "N

ow,

the

last

ec

t.

up w

ith

the

mon

ey t

o pa

y th

em, it

le

tter

I sa

w is

it "

as

prop

osed

to b

e D

icke

nshe

et s

aid

he

thin

ks

the

coul

d se

riou

sly

affe

ct t

he c

ompl

e-,1

02

by

next

spr

ing.

" -

prob

lem

s ar

e lin

ked

to t

he l

ack

of

tion

of

the

proj

ect

in t

ime

for

next

"T

his

expe

nse

is

prob

ably

th

e ad

equa

te

star

t-up

m

oney

on

th

e ye

ar's

cro

ps,"

he

sai

d.

bigg

est C

OD

Cer

D to

tile

orc

hard

ists

,"

par

t of

the

cont

ract

or.

. T

he s

uppl

iers

are

n't

the

only

par

-sa

id t

he b

uslJ

lf'SS

DJa

a, w

bose

cro

-K

rueg

er's

com

pany

isn

't th

e on

ly

tici

pant

s in

the

pro

ject

th

at a

re u

p-ce

ry s

tore

is

• ga

ther

ing

plac

e fo

r on

e th

at's

bee

n fi

nanc

iall

y ha

rd-b

it

set.

.

. '..

"

~. :

.. .

'.'J

" -

'lD8D

y gr

ower

s.

by th

e p

ro

ject.·

. ~ •• ~ ...

....

.. 10

1-S

mit

h sa

id lO

me

on:

hard

ists

qu

i-.

Mid

-Mou

ntai

n M

ach

ine

ry in

Spo

-,)

teh

an

din

g to

. __

_ .•• t

etly

are

tal

king

abo

ut r

efus

ing

to

kane

was

ow

ed ,

20,4

14 f

or e

quip

-~

''','''&

Vlilt

JaIs

, pa

y th

eir b

ills

in p

rote

st.

men

t It

.ap

plie

d fo

r th

e· p

roje

ct. '.,

':11'

: to

-

Wat

er d

istr

ict

lIU

lD8I

er T

bom

p-T

he

cont

ract

or b

as m

ade

part

ial

~JII'O'ride

....

.. .

. "'t

-IO

U s

aid

be h

asn'

t be

ard

abo

ut .a

ay

paym

ents

, an

d th

e re

mai

ning

ba

l-~ ,

.ed ill

. ".

'"

... ]'

este

ra

such

rev

olt.

, ,

ance

is

'1

4,40

0,

laid

D

unca

n ut

e .. '

hIId

&""'

~:~1

' t."

::.. .•

"We

have

'id

lt

pro

ble

ms

JOU

R

unge

, cr

edit

m

anag

er

for

Mid

-' ._",;~,,,,,. ,:

" e

"oul

dn't

beH

ne,"

be

sai

d. '

'So

far,

M

ount

ain.

, .'

.. ~>_..

~lbdSIi!f,_

tJae

it's

just

IOm

etb

iDg

the

gro

we

rs f

eel

"The

re a

re a

lo

t of

eom

pani

es

. •.

_ .,' "

is

not

rig

ht, b

ue

cf on

"h

at r

ates

"e

that

are

Ill

ot "

ors

e of

f tha

n w

e ar

e ....~..

....

''Wl

.>: "e

re p

redi

ctin

g in

197

9 "b

en

tbi

B

in t

his

deal

," t

he S

poka

ne b

usin

ess

,~ ,

... ,

. Ills

'pa

CM

r. a

1i-

thin

g lo

t llt

arte

d."

• Eve

rett

, le

ader

o

f a.e

an

ti-a

bort

ion

iDO

i&b

d

thei

r Jte

arts,

Lor

d II

e8

l U

Mar

gare

t .... f

ill

eonv

entio

n d

elep

te,

..

two

GR

OW

mem

llen

lrah

m

iddl

e o

f th

e p

raye

r drc

le.

'1 b

elie

ve rm

'a c

:Idld

of

Go

d a

s m

uch

as a

nf

of t

he

m a

od

"e I

bar

e G

od's

lov

e:

said

Re

ga

n,

a fo

rme

r nu

rse

and

a C

atho

lic.

Reg

an s

aid

she

stay

ed i

nsid

e th

e ci

rcle

bec

ause

''w

e h

ave

to e

duca

te

thos

e pe

ople

"h

o a

re 8

0 d

ow

n o

n us

."

-....

Rob

bins

sen

t a

lett

er to

the

GO

P

plat

form

co

mm

itte

e la

st

wee

k w

arni

ng i

t no

t to

dri

ve g

ays

from

th

e pa

rty.

He

was

tzjin

g t

o hl

ock

a pl

atlo

rm s

tate

men

t tba

t-sa

ys:

''We

areo

pp

oee

d t

o

law

s th

at

gran

t spe

cial

pri

vile

&es

an

d p

r0te

c­tio

ns b

ased

on

IIe

X1I

al o

rie

ota

tio

D,

such

as

hom

osex

uali

ty a

od

lesb

ian­

ism

, T

here

fore

"e o

ppos

e kn

ow

ing

­ly

hir

ing

or c

onti

nuin

g em

ploy

meu

t of

in

divJ

dual

s w

itb

IAIC

b d

evia

nt

the

pBitJ

-Wiii-

move-

mem

bers

, an

d b

e "O

W

a R

epub

lica

n.

Be

sa

repr

esen

ts b

iB v

iew

s 0

such

as

defe

nse

aod

th.

"I r

ea

lly d

on

't l

ee t

in

g a

ny

step

s to

baD

~

Ree

uhli

cans

, " s

aid

Bar

, O

ur

part

y "a

nts

'k

of e

very

body

" ag

ree

Do

c H~ R

-P8S

( of

the

plat

form

com

mi

Van

C

amp

said

sb

ould

no

t be

all

owe

boot

h at

th

e co

nver

th

ey'r

e do

ing

is p

rom

an

t li

fest

yle

that

th

r P

arty

"an

ts n

othi

ng t

all

" Hom

osex

ual

dele

; C

amp

said

, sh

ould

be

' go

ne, n

ot b

ere.

" ,

Cla

rk .

(Co

nti

nu

ed f

rom

pag

e 1

)·

Bil

l un

til

last

wee

k to

' re

gis

ter

for

tbin

k w

orry

ao

d C

once

w

ork

wit

h ti

le W

asbi

Dgt

oo E

mp

Ioy-

any

tbio

a."

. m

ent S

ecur

ity

Dep

artm

ent.

It

's b

ird

DO

t to

fee

l N

ot t

hat

the

JOD

eIIe

S di

dn't

have

M

ary

Jo

nes

aod

th

e ,2

00 t

o sp

are

for

a II

eW s

tere

o .,.

..

Th

ey a

re d

ef"m

itely

be

tem

fro

m J

.C.P

eIm

eY.

But

, as

Bil

l ae

edy.

AD

d p

erh

ap

s tt

pu

ts it

, "It

was

lWf p

iice

ao

d th

ere

ce

re i

n th

eir

pIaD

s to

"as

no "

ay

1 "

as ..

...

to p

ass

that

h

ere

and

bee

ome

pro

dt

de

al l

ip."

•

, b

en

0{ S

poka

ne.

~ A

nd a

ltb

oq

h t

t.ey

·wer

e .... to

l I

lope

th

ey a

re.

Ik

thei

r la

st

,10

W

ore

Tb

and

a,.a

, a

ga

in,

tIIey

a

ft b

eer

new

spap

er f

eatu

re It

irre

d o

ar em

o-cl

Ianc

e o

f a

life

tim

e -

tions

, a

one-

tIm

e tIS

2 p

ut

from

of

fers

ao

d a

pla

ce to

at

tile

sta

te w

elfa

re d

epar

lmeo

t w

as

days

ahe

ad W

ill d

eter

J ~toarriveaayday.

Jone

s fa

mil

y dr

eam

s .

'Sur

e,

I n

nd

end

aDd

w

by

IO

IDl!

st

an

ce o

r If

tb

ey c

aD'

neo

nl .

. II

nwn

....

...

H" ..

". _

_ : .

... \ ---~ n

lftA

.

TESTIMONY OF BOB KINGHORN ON SB 103, HOUSE BUSINESS & LABOR COMMITTEE, MARCH 11, 1987

Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee:

My name is Bob Kinghorn. I am here today representing

the Operating Engineers and Teamsters Unions.

We have an amendment to offer on SB 103 that we believe

will substantially improve the bill and better serve the

employees affected by the Legislation and will also better

serve the public interest.

The amendment would provide that the affected employees

would be given the opportunity to decide on an annual

basis whether or not they want to have a portion of their

wage package spent by their Employer for Fringe Benefit

Programs. If the employees so choose, they could receive

the cash on their pay check and buy their own private

insurance and/or Pension.

Those employees who are covered by collective bargain-

ing agreements and not affected by SB 103 do have a similar

opportunity to choose how this wage package is spent. The

National Labor Relations Act and State Labor Laws guarantee

Union members democratic processes in the government of

their Union and in ratification of the collective bargaining

agreement each time, it is renegotiated. We believe that

similar opportunity should be provided to the employees

of non-union contractors. After all, the money is first

earned by the employee and once earned should be spent

only in ways that the employee approves of.

We do not believe that any Employer should have a

right to spend his employees' money without the prior

written authorization by the employee. SB 103 as presently

wri tten allows the Employer to make unilateral decisions

on fringe

affected

benefit purchases without

employees. We think that

any

it

input from

is unfair

the

and

unethical to allow such unilateral decisions to be made.

The amendment we are offering for the Committee's

consideration would correct this problem and make SB 103

a much better bill.

As I mentioned earlier, the public interest is also

affected by SB 103. Public works monies are the source

of the funds that are addressed in this bill. One of

the main reasons that prevailing wage laws were enacted

was to assure the public that tax monies used for public

works projects were spent responsibly and fairly. The

amendment that we offer here today will help serve the

public interest by assuring the affected workers that

they have some right in deciding how their money will

be spent.

We urge this Committee to give favorable consideration

to this amendment.

Thank you.

- 2 -

[B MONTANA ,'"'"I"' EXECUTIVE OFFICE LJ~\ I ;.,...:::::...~~~'-:-'~ 910 HELENA AVENUE

AS S OC I AT I Of\. J.! BI_~;2l:l.;z:::""0;;:2H't~ENA. MONTANA 59601 I ~I . TELEPHONE: (406) 443-4032

REALTOR® OF REALTORS® IN MONTANA CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-421-1 864

March 4, 1987

page 11, line 6:

Page 11, line 7:

SUGGESTED AMENDMENTS TO

S8 213 MONTANA TIME SHARE ACT

After the word "licensed" insert the words "as a real estate broker or salesperson"

Delete the words "become licensed" and insert the word "act"

page 11, line 11: Add new sentence "No license other than that issued pursuant to Title 37, Chapter 51 shall be required."

REALTOR" is a federally registered collective membership mark which identifies a real estate professional who is a Member of the NATIONAL ASSOCIA nON OF REALTORS" and subscribes to its strict Code of Ethics.

SB 103 - Blue Copy

Amendments

1. Page 2, line 3 Strike: "or" Insert: "and"

2. Page 2, line 19 Following: line 18

3.

4.

Insert: "NEW SECTION. Section 2. Annual option by employee. An employee who is entitled to wages and fringe benefits under [section 1] annually must choose between the fringe benefits options in subsections (l)(a) and (l)(b) of [section 1]. The choice must be made in writing on a form provided by the department on which both options are clearly defined. The employer shall retain the form completed by each employee for not less than 3 years."

Page 1, line 25 Strike: "Section 1 is" Insert: "Sections 1 and 2 are"

Page 2, line 3. Strike: "section 1" Insert: "sections 1 and 2"

\helen\SB103.txt

.. "

VISITORS' REGISTER

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE

BILL NO. SENATE BILL NO. 34 DATE ____ M_a_r_c_h __ l_l_,~1-9-8-7--------------

SPONSOR SENATOR ETHEL HARDING

------------------------------------------------------~--------. -------NAME (please print) REPRESENTING SUPPORT OPPOSE

--- . \ ----'.,

AJJ.)E~ v:J.,~ ~;YJCP, < ..-r--7 7:_0 {e (II '-: alI (/! /r4 '.;; y v' .J. ~ . 11 K .--C 40)C.~ L! (I.) J /-:: /' i" ( ) (""::. J f~ £/I!~ '-' : I ~, I .

IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR WITNESS STATEMENT FORM.

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

CS-33

VISITORS' REGISTER

BUSINESS AND LABOR

BILL NO. SENATE BILL NO. 99 DATE

SPONSOR SENATOR JACK GALT

COMMITTEE

MARCH 11, 1987

-----------------------------~------------------------~--------~-------N~ME (Ple~Se ~int) REPRESENTING SUPPORT OPPOSE

i \) U \~' I \ "\/~ _)~\_i i) ~11 \ ' \ /~-,: ' «'., y It ((_ X

'r ( 'i

"./ \" ._--

... ..

IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR WITNESS STATEMENT FOru

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

CS-33

VISITORS' REGISTER

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE

BILL NO. SB 364

DATE ____ M __ a_r_c_h __ l_l_,~1-9-8-7--------------

SPONSOR Senator Manning

-----------------------------~------------------------r--------NAME (please print) REPRESENTING SUPPORT OPPOSE

\ " -. \

I

IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR WITNESS STATEMENT FORM.

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

CS-33

VISITORS' REGISTER

__ B~U~S~I~N=E=S=S~A~N~D~L~A~B~O~R~ _________ COMMITTEE

BILL NO. SB 237 DATE r1arch 11, 1987

SPONSOR Senator Boylan

----------------------------- ------------------------1---------- -------NAME (please print) REPRESENTING SUPPORT OPPOSE

\

'\ ~.

,/ i , I / /

! ' / -. i " ) , , , I . "/ / /' -,'- - \. .. - , ,

- ,

i::- tV "" k' /M ·f 1/ ,'- " 1/ t< {/'- ·;/(7 ( ,~.

\ f')r> I"\' :~ ," ,6,-'-'/ '. ""-, (.r~.J

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'ji;{&, I~Jd~ /~U, f.,i\ .';', , V& tI,.~l;:~) ((.~k. V ,

/.:.... iy H- 0/ ~ )(/ rj{~ ,.1 , "l

/I/>I.-,

.r; ! au lu:LL ';,_,/ - , ' (

~7Tl P . i'/ Ij/!!)/t- //f [// /,; !;IA- , r<L .;,£' _C.c 1 -' L,t/, {/ v

.',

IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR WITNESS STATEMENT FO~

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

CS-33

VISITORS' REGISTER

BUSINESS AND LABOR COMMITTEE -----------------------------BILL NO. SENATE BILL NO. 103 DATE _____ MA __ R~C~H~1=1~,~1~9~8~7 __________ __

SPONSOR SENATOR TOM HAGER

----------------------------- ------------------------1--------- -------NAME (please print) REPRESENTING SUPPORT OPPOSE

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IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR WITNESS STATEMENT FORM.

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

CS-33

VISITORS' REGISTER

_____ B=U~S~I~N~E~S~S~A~N~D~L=AB~O~R~ _____ COMMITTEE

BILL NO. SENATE BILL NO. 213 DATE __ ~M~a=r~c~h~1~1~,~1~9~8~7 ____________ __

SPONSOR SENATOR JOSEPH MAZUREK

----------------------------- ------------------------ --------- -------NAME (please print) REPRESENTING SUPPORT OPPOSE

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IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR WITNESS STATEMENT FO~

PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.

CS-33