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Minor Losses
http://www.fluidon.com/index.php?id=392[4/13/2015 12:29:30 PM]
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Friction Losses Minor Losses
Although they often account for a major portion of the total pressure loss, the additional losses due to entries and exits and fittings are traditionally referred to as minor losses.
These losses represent additional energy dissipation in the flow, usually caused by secondary flows induced by curvature or recirculation.
The coefficient of flow resistance is defined as the ratio of the total energy lost over the given segment to the kinetic energy in the section.
For the case of uniform distribution of static pressure and density over the segment but which are variable along the flow the coefficient is:
Flow resistance coefficients can be expressed in terms of the upstream or downstream velocity of the component. In DSHplus the base area for all flow resistances based on the smallest cross sectional area of the component hence the largest velocity.
As a consequence of the strong dependence of resistance coefficients onto specific component geometry, there are many different equations available to calculate such resistance coefficients. Although DSHplus is offering several basic elements the program can not cover all possibly required geometries. For this reason DSHplus is providing template components that can easily be adapted to the user's specific geometry.
However, using such resistance components in a series connection, to model one owns network or flow channel topology, it has to be noted, that in real world applications there are interactions between the different geometry sections. Such interactions are not automatically covered by the minor resistances components.
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