Minor i Somalia

Minor i Somalia

AmtekAvd, SWEDEC Minor i Somalia 2

Bakgrund

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INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING

AP-Minor

MON-50…………………………………………………………………………………………………….4

M18A1……………………………………………………………………………………………………...6

DM-11………………………………………………………………………………………………………8

M14………………………………………………………………………………………………………..10

M16………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13

M16A2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….15

NR409 PRB409……………………………………………………………………………………………17

NR413……………………………………………………………………………………………………..19

NR442……………………………………………………………………………………………………..21

OZM 3……………………………………………………………………………………………………..22

P4 Mk1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….24

P4 Mk2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….26

PMD 6……………………………………………………………………………………………………..28

PMD 6M…………………………………………………………………………………………………..30

PMN 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….33

PMN………………………………………………………………………………………………………36

PMP 71……………………………………………………………………………………………………39

POMZ 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………...41

POMZ 2M…………………………………………………………………………………………………43

PPM-2……………………………………………………………………………………………………..45

PPMi-Sr……………………………………………………………………………………………………47

PRB M35…………………………………………………………………………………………………..49

R……………………………………………………………………………………………………………51

Type 69…………………………………………………………………………………………………….53

Type 72 Series……………………………………………………………………………………………..55

V-59………………………………………………………………………………………………………..57

V-69………………………………………………………………………………………………………..59

V……………………………………………………………………………………………………………61

AT-Minor

M7A2………………………………………………………………………………………………………63

M15………………………………………………………………………………………………………..65

M80………………………………………………………………………………………………………..67

M19………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69

M 71……………………………………………………………………………………………………….71

Mk5………………………………………………………………………………………………………..73

Mk7………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75

P2 Mk3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….77

P2 Mk2 / P3 Mk1………………………………………………………………………………………….79

PRB M3……………………………………………………………………………………………………81

PT-MI-BA II………………………………………………………………………………………………83

PT-MI-BA III……………………………………………………………………………………………..85

SACI 54/7.………………………………………………………………………………………………...87

TM 46……………………………………………………………………………………………………..89

TM 57……………………………………………………………………………………………………..91

TM 62M…………………………………………………………………………………………………..93

TMA 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….95

TMA 4…………………………………………………………………………………………………….97

Type 72……………………………………………………………………………………………………99


Ammunition Name MON-50 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP directional fragmentation mine

PICTURES

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Diameter Total Weight 2 kg

Height / Length L 221/ D 66/ H 105 mm Filling (Type / Weight) 710 g RDX

Fuzing Electric Deto/ Mechanical fuse Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect Blast & shrapnel

Casing Plastic Color Green, Brown

GENERAL INFORMATION

Origin U.S.S.R Found in Somalia

Similar with

Chilean M18, Chinese Type 66, Israel

No 6, Korean K-440, Pakistan P5 Mk

1, South African Shrapnel Mine No 2,

Swedish Model 12, United States

M18A1, Vietnamese MDH-C40

Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata

FUZE DESCRIPTION / OPERATION / NOTES

Fuze Description Mechanical MUV series VPF possible Electrical EDPr detonator or NM initiator with MD-5m detonator

Operation


Notes Since it can be electrically initiated, MON-50 may be used in conjunction with the NVU-P (VP-12/13 seismic systems) or MVE-72 breakwire initiator!

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Disarming

Neutralisation

Disposal

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name M-18 A1 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP directional fragmentation mine

PICTURES


Diameter Total Weight 1580 gr

Height / Length L 216/ W 35/ H 83 mm Filling (Type / Weight) C-4, 680 g

Fuzing Electro Detonator Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect Blast & shrapnel

Casing Glass-reinforced polystyrene Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

Since the M18A1 Claymore has been so widely copied, reported sightings may easily be wrongly attributed. A practice kit, designated M68, has also been manufactured. This contains an inert mine body (M33) which is painted blue.

Origin United States Found in Somalia

Similar with

Chilean M18, Chinese Type 66, Israel No 6,

Korean K-440, Pakistan P5 Mk 1, Russian

MON-50, South African Shrapnel Mine No

2, Swedish Model 12, Vietnamese MDH-

C40

Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes



Fuze Description Detonated electrically using the hand dynamo provided, though a second detonator well is available for tripwire initiation or linking mines by detonating cord.

Operation

Notes Is available for tripwire initiation or linking mines by detonating cord! Normaly detonated using theM57 dynamo exploder. Includes an M40 test unit

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Disarming

Neutralisation

Disposal

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name DM-11 Alternate Name Swedish LI-11

Type / Subtype Mine AP Blast

PICTURES

with safety sleeve without safety sleeve


Diameter 81 mm Total Weight 231 gr

Height / Length 37 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 122 g

Fuzing DM-3 detonator assembly Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect Blast

Casing Plastic, rubber Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

The DM-11 is a pressure-operated Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine with a very low metallic content

Origin Germany Found in Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Zambia

Similar with Swedish LI-11 Cross Reference EOD IS


Fuze Description DM-3

Operation

The mine is armed by removing the transit cap and screwing a detonator assembly into the fuze well; the safety sleeve is then removed. When pressure is applied to the edge of the mine, the top half tilts within the lower section. As this happens, the firing pin holder in the Belleville spring is moved sideways and pushed up by the sloped sides of the small hollow in which it sits. The Belleville spring inverts sharply to snap the firing pin into the stab-sensitive detonator assembly and initiate the mine.

Notes DM-11 is blast resistant.


TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name M14 Alternate Name


PICTURES


Diameter 55 mm Total Weight 100 g

Height / Length 45 mm Filling (Type / Weight) Tetryl / 29 g

Fuzing Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect

Casing plastic Color

GENERAL INFORMATION

M14 is a plastic-bodied Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine. The top section of the mine has a pressure plate, beneath which is a plunger and a Belleville spring with a small firing pin. The bottom section contains the main charge and detonator assembly. A lock key on the underside of the pressure plate also engages with the lock ring on top of the firing pin holder to prevent the Belleville spring from inverting. During transit, the pressure plate is secured by a horseshoe-shaped steel safety clip with a short length of cord attached. Beneath the striker tip is the M46 stab-sensitive detonator assembly, which screws into the central base fuze well. The copper detonator capsule and the steel firing pin are the only metallic components once the safety clip has been removed. The main charge has an inverted conical upper surface which focuses the blast upwards during detonation. The M14 normally has a cord attached through a hole in the base of the body and is coloured olive green. A wrench (M22) is available for unscrewing the detonator assembly and for rotating the pressure plate.

Origin USA Found in

Angola, Cambodia, Chad, Chile, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Malawi, Somalia, Vietnam, Zambia

Similar with

Turkey / India: AP NM M14. Vietnam: MN-79. Vietnamese MD-82B is similar in appearance. Denmark M/56. Russia, using a Bakelite casing.




Fuze Description Operation pressure 9-16kg

Operation

Once the M46 detonator assembly has been inserted, the mine is armed by rotating the pressure plate from S to A and removing the safety clip. The arming action disengages the lugs to allow the pressure plate to move down; at the same time, the lock key disengages from the lock ring so that the firing pin holder and Belleville spring are free to move. As pressure is applied, the load is transferred to the top of the firing pin holder until the Belleville spring inverts sharply, forcing the striker into the detonator assembly.

Notes

TECHNICAL DRAWING



Ammunition Name M16 Alternate Name "Bouncing Betty"


PICTURES


Diameter 100mm Total Weight 3.75kg

Height / Length 193mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 575 g

Fuzing M605 Propellant


Casing Aluminium Color Green / yellow markings

GENERAL INFORMATION

The M16 series (M16, M16A1 and M16A2) are Anti-Personnel (AP) bounding fragmentation mines, often referred to as `Bouncing Betty'. M16A1 is a modification of M16 with a redesigned body, containing different detonators and boosters; M16A2 is significantly different and is covered in the following entry. The cast-iron mine body is housed in a sheet-steel sleeve with a central threaded fuze well. The well accepts the M605 combination fuze which may be initiated either by pressure or by pull on a tripwire. The fuze consists of a mechanical initiation mechanism, a percussion cap, pyrotechnic delay and flash igniter. On top are three pressure prongs on a sprung plunger; a slotted plate, which is also lightly sprung, engages with a groove in the spring-loaded striker. Until armed, safety pins pass through the protruding top of the striker and the end of the retaining plate to secure both. The fuze well leads to a chamber in the base of the mine; this contains 4.5 g of black powder propellant. The main body has two identical initiation trains, one on each side of the central channel. Each consists of a pyrotechnic delay element and a detonator assembly seated within a Tetryl booster; this is surrounded by the main charge. The mine is normally coloured olive green with yellow stencilling. Four 12 m lengths of tripwire (two green and two sand-coloured) and a wrench are supplied with the mine.

Origin USA Found in

Angola, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Korea, Malawi, Somalia, Vietnam, Zambia

Similar with M16 A1; M16 A2 Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes



Fuze Description

Operation

Once the interlocking safety pins have been removed, the striker is retained only by the retaining plate. This can be moved by pull on a tripwire (attached to the ring) or by pressure on the prongs. The two modes can function concurrently. When a load is applied to the prongs the plunger is pushed down, a ramp on the plunger bears on the plate to push it sideways. As the plate moves across, the striker is released onto a percussion cap which, in turn, ignites a pyrotechnic delay element. This allows the victim's foot to leave the top of the mine before the flash igniter sets off the propellant charge. As the black powder ignites, the cast-iron body is forced out of the sleeve. The pyrotechnic delays in the initiators allow the mine to jump to approximately 1 m before the main charge is detonated. The body shatters, producing a lethal radius in excess of 10 m.

Notes Pull: 1.4 - 4.5kg Pressure: 3.6 - 20kg

TECHNICAL DRAWING

Picture left M16A1 Picture right: Upper part of the picture: The M16A2 is the fuze eccentric. Lower part of the picture: The M16 and M16A1 is the fuze in the center of the mine.


Ammunition Name M16 A2 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Mine AP Bounding Frag

PICTURES


Diameter 100mm Total Weight 2,83 kg

Height / Length 193mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 590 g

Fuzing M605 Propellant


Casing Steel Color Green / yellow markings

GENERAL INFORMATION

The M16 series (M16, M16A1 and M16A2) are Anti-Personnel (AP) bounding fragmentation mines, often referred to as `Bouncing Betty'. M16A1 is a modification of M16 with a redesigned body, containing different detonators and boosters; M16A2 is significantly different and is covered in the following entry. The cast-iron mine body is housed in a sheet-steel sleeve with a central threaded fuze well. The well accepts the M605 combination fuze which may be initiated either by pressure or by pull on a tripwire. The fuze consists of a mechanical initiation mechanism, a percussion cap, pyrotechnic delay and flash igniter. On top are three pressure prongs on a sprung plunger; a slotted plate, which is also lightly sprung, engages with a groove in the spring-loaded striker. Until armed, safety pins pass through the protruding top of the striker and the end of the retaining plate to secure both. The fuze well leads to a chamber in the base of the mine; this contains 4.5 g of black powder propellant. The main body has two identical initiation trains, one on each side of the central channel. Each consists of a pyrotechnic delay element and a detonator assembly seated within a Tetryl booster; this is surrounded by the main charge. The mine is normally coloured olive green with yellow stencilling. Four 12 m lengths of tripwire (two green and two sand-coloured) and a wrench are supplied with the mine.

Origin USA Found in

Angola, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Korea, Malawi, Somalia, Vietnam, Zambia

Similar with M16, M16 A1 Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes



Fuze Description

Operation

Once the interlocking safety pins have been removed, the striker is retained only by the retaining plate. This can be moved by pull on a tripwire (attached to the ring) or by pressure on the prongs. The two modes can function concurrently. When a load is applied to the prongs the plunger is pushed down, a ramp on the plunger bears on the plate to push it sideways. As the plate moves across, the striker is released onto a percussion cap which, in turn, ignites a pyrotechnic delay element. This allows the victim's foot to leave the top of the mine before the flash igniter sets off the propellant charge. As the black powder ignites, the cast-iron body is forced out of the sleeve. The pyrotechnic delays in the initiators allow the mine to jump to approximately 1 m before the main charge is detonated. The body shatters, producing a lethal radius in excess of 10 m.

Notes Pull: 1.4 - 4.5kg Pressure: 3.6 - 20kg

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name NR 409 / PRB409 Alternate Name


PICTURES


Diameter 82 mm Total Weight 183g

Height / Length 29 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT or Composition B 80g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Plastic Color green / sandbrown

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Belgian NR 409, also known as PRB M409, is a minimum-metal Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine which has been manufactured under licence in Portugal as the M/969. The mine body has a small cruciform spigot protruding from the centre, but otherwise has an unusually low profile. The central fuze incorporates two stab-sensitive igniters, back to back, protected by a collar below the spigot. Protrusions on this collar retain two spring-loaded steel wires, the ends of which are bent inwards to form firing pins. From the igniters, a horizontal flash channel leads to the detonator; this is positioned in a hole in the side of the mine, permanently sealed with a small plastic plug. The main charge is cast into a ring shape around the central mechanism and in contact with the detonator. Until armed, the mine is fitted with a ribbed safety cap which is secured to the spigot by a steel pin; the pin is retained in place by clipping over one of the cap ribs (see photograph). The mine is normally coloured olive green or sand brown with markings (of either designation) stencilled in yellow on the base.

Origin Belgium Found in

Angola, Chad, Ecuador, Kuwait, Iraq, Namibia, Peru, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Thailand, Western Sahara, Zambia

Similar with Portugal M/969; M/411; MAPS Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes


Fuze Description

Once the safety pin has been extracted, the safety cap is removed from the fuze to arm the mine. When sufficient force is applied, the top of the mine distorts and the collar retaining the spring-loaded wires is depressed. As the collar moves down, the wires slip off the protrusions and spring inwards through windows aligned with the igniters. The resultant flash is channelled into the detonator, which initiates the main charge.


Operation Operation pressure 8-30kg

Notes Although the presence of the safety cap greatly increases the operating pressure, it will not prevent detonation if the mine is subjected to sufficient force. Reports on the location of this mine may be inaccurate due to the misidentification of its copies.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name NR 413 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Mine AP Frag

PICTURES



Height / Length 81 mm Filling (Type / Weight) Composition B (TNT/RDX) 100 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Steel and plastic Color Green / sandbrown

GENERAL INFORMATION

NR-413 is an Anti-Personnel (AP) fragmentation stake mine designed for use with the NR 410 tripwire fuze. The bottle-shaped plastic body has a threaded fuze well at the top and contains the cylindrical main charge. At the base of the detonator well, in the centre of the main charge, are booster pellets. Around the body is a coil made from square section steel, internally notched for consistent fragmentation. The plastic base section, which screws onto the main body, has a central recess to fit onto the metal stake. The base section holds the fragmentation coil in place; when the base is removed, the coil can be slipped off the mine body. The NR 410 fuze contains a spring-loaded striker held within a collar by two steel retaining balls. The collar is attached to four short wires, each fitted with a ring, which protrude through the rounded top of the fuze body. During transit, these rings are hooked onto the side of the fuze and a safety bar is positioned through a window in the fuze body to prevent the collar from rising. The stab-sensitive detonator assembly screws onto the base of the fuze body and is externally threaded to screw into the fuze well of the mine body. NR-413 is normally coloured light brown with markings stencilled in yellow.

Origin Belgium Found in Chad, Lebanon, Rwanda, Western Sahara,Somalia

Similar with NR109 flare Cross Reference Janes


Fuze Description

With the mine fitted to the stake, the complete fuze assembly is screwed into the fuze well of the mine body. Up to four anchored tripwires are then attached to the rings of the fuze wires. The safety bar is withdrawn from the window in the fuze body to arm the mine; a ring is attached to make this easier. Once armed, sufficient tension on any of the tripwires lifts the central collar, further compressing the striker spring. As the retaining balls reach the windows in the fuze body they are allowed to escape, releasing the striker onto the stab-sensitive detonator assembly. Detonation of the main charge shatters the steel coil into small cubic fragments with an effective range of approximately 15 m.



Notes

NR-109 is a tripwire-initiated flare which uses the same fuze, mounting stake and body shape as the NR-413; other than markings, the main distinguishing characteristic of the flare is the smooth body. NR-413 can be used without the steel fragmentation coil if desired. Sometimes `PRB' is substituted for `NR' in the designation of the mine and fuzemine may be inaccurate due to the misidentification of its copies.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name NR 442 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Mine AP Bound-Frag

PICTURES


Diameter 105mm Total Weight 4.5kg

Height with fuze 245mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 560 g

Fuzing Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect 2500 fragments

Casing Steel and plastic Color Green / Sandbrown

GENERAL INFORMATION

NR-442 is a large bounding fragmentation anti-personnel mine. The mine is designed to be buried with only the prongs of the fuze protruding above ground level. Once armed by the removal of a safety pin, pressure on one of the prongs releases the spring loaded striker onto an igniter. A black powder charge blows the mine body out of the casing and into the air, until a 750 mm tether wire becomes taut. This initiates the internal secondary fuze to detonate the main charge at a height of 1 to 1.2 m. The body has two concentric notched wire coils which produce approximately 2,500 fragments. The mine is claimed to be lethal to a range of 25 m. NR-442 has been used extensively in Chad, where it continues to pose a threat.

Origin Belgium Found in Chad, Somalia

Similar with Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes


Ammunition Name OZM 3 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP bouding FRAG mine

PICTURES


Diameter 75 mm Total Weight 3 kg

Height / Length 120 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 75 gr

Fuzing MUV Series, MVN-2M, VPF, RO-8, Electrical

Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect Fragmentation

Casing Cast-iron Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

OZM-3 is an Anti-Personnel (AP) bounding fragmentation mine designed for either mechanical or electrical initiation. The mine has a cast-iron body with a central tube containing a delay element and a No 8 detonator; around this is the TNT main charge. The tube is sealed by a threaded metal plug and rubber O-ring on the top of the mine. On one side of this plug is a spigot containing a stab-sensitive igniter for the attachment of a mechanical fuze, beneath which is a channel running down to the propelling charge in the base of the mine. On the other side of the central plug are wires which run to an electrically initiated squib within the propellant. During transit, the igniter spigot is protected by a knurled metal cap, attached to the mine body by a short length of chain. The mine is normally painted olive green with black stencilling.

Origin Soviet Union Found in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Zambia

Similar with Chinese Type 69 Cross Reference EOD IS, Jane's



Fuze Description .

Operation

OZM-3 can be electrically or mechanically initiated. When mechanically fired, a flash detonator is placed (open end down) in the central channel and the sealing plug replaced. A fuze (normally tripwire actuated) is then screwed onto the stab igniter spigot. When the fuze functions, the flash travels down a tube to ignite the propellant in the base of the mine; the propellant may also be ignited by the electric squib. The explosion blows out the thin base, forcing the mine out of the ground. The propellant also ignites a pyrotechnic delay element which initiates the detonator when the mine is 1.5 to 2.5 m above the ground. The main charge detonates to shatter the body into small fragments, which may be lethal beyond 10 m. For fuze operation, see detailed entry on the relevant fuze

Notes

Since it can be electrically initiated, OZM-3 may be used in conjunction with the NVU-P (VP-12/13 seismic systems), or the MVE-72 breakwire initiator (see relevant entry). For use as a simple fragmentation mine, a fuze fitted with a detonator assembly can be screwed into the central well

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name P4 Mk1 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP Mine

PICTURES



Height / Length 40 mm Filling (Type / Weight) Tetryl / 30g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Plastic Color light brown with yellow markings

GENERAL INFORMATION

Origin Pakistan Found in Afghanistan, Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Somalia, Sri Lanka

Similar with P2 Mk2 Cross Reference EOD IS


Fuze Description

Operation

Once the transit plug has been replaced with the detonator assembly, the mine is armed by the removal of the safety cap. When force is applied to the pressure plate, the load is transferred via the plunger and spring to the striker assembly. When the pressure is sufficient, the shear-wire breaks and the spring forces the striker into the stab-sensitive detonator assembly to initiate the mine.

Notes Used as initiators for Pakistan AT Mines


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability This is a minimum-metal mine and is difficult to detect

TECHNICAL DRAWING

Safety cap


Ammunition Name P4 Mk 2 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Landmine ( AP )

PICTURES



Height / Length 40 mm Filling (Type / Weight) Tertyl 30 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green or brown with yellow markings

GENERAL INFORMATION

The P4Mk1&2 are round plastic-cased anti-personnel blast mine. With a very low metal content, these mines are difficult to detect with many metal detectors. The picture below shows the metal content (the twisted length of thin shear-wire shown in the clear plastic inside the top of the mine should be included).


The picture (above) shows two P4Mk2 mines. In the foreground is the baseplate with the booster/detonator assembly, and a separated detonator. The pressure plate of the mine on the left is depressed, showing that it has functioned without detonating. This has occurred in many (more than 50% of those I have personally seen) of the P4 mines recovered in Sri Lanka (and which were later disarmed by unscrewing the baseplate). When the baseplate is unscrewed the detonator is visible and frequently shows the hole made by the firing pin entering it. This can be seen in the picture above.

Origin Pakistan Found in

Afghanistan, Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Somalia, India and Sri Lanka

Similar with P4 Mk1 Cross Reference EOD IS

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PMD 6 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Landmine (AP)

PICTURES



Height / Length 65 mm / 190 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 200 g

Fuzing MUV Series Propellant


Casing Wood Color

GENERAL INFORMATION

PMD-6 is a simple Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine which uses a box design dating back to the Second World War. The mine consists of a wooden box with a hinged lid that overlaps the sides. The main charge is a block of cast TNT into which an MUV series fuze, fitted with a stab-sensitive MD-2 detonator, is placed. The fuze uses a spring-loaded striker retained by a `T' shaped winged pin and may incorporate an arming delay mechanism. The fuze and retaining pin protrude through the end of the mine opposite the hinge. The PMD series mines are normally pressure-operated, although they can be set up for tripwire initiation. The fuze assembly is inserted into the end of the mine until the detonator is inside the TNT block. In normal use, a winged striker retaining pin is used so that the lid rests on the wings of the pin, the striker accommodated by a deep slot cut into the lid. Once armed, pressure on the lid simply pushes the pin out of the fuze to release the striker onto the stab receptor of the detonator assembly. A normal (`P' shaped), or combination pin may be used in conjunction with a tripwire run to a securing point at right angles to the fuze; this is sometimes used to booby-trap box mines

Origin Soviet Union Found in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Chad, Cyprus, Ecuador, Eritrea,


Ethiopia, Honduras, Iraq, Kurdistan, Lebanon, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zimbabwe

Similar with Czech PP Mi-D, Chinese Type 59, Yugoslav PMD-1

Cross Reference EOD IS


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Easily detectable

Variations include the use of hollowed blocks instead of boxes, and different MUV fuzes. PMD 6 looks very similar to the Czech PP Mi-D (see separate entry). Since these mines have been extensively copied and are sometimes improvised in the field, specifications may vary substantially. Insects and rot can cause the wood to seriously deteriorate; in some instances, the lid has crumbled under pressure and failed to initiate the fuze. Where this occurs, a complete and viable explosive system may be left in a hazardous condition

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PMD 6 M Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 65 mm / 190 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 200 g

Fuzing MUV Series Propellant


Casing Wood Color

GENERAL INFORMATION

PMD-6 M is a simple Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine which uses a box design dating back to the Second World War. The mine consists of a wooden box with a hinged lid that overlaps the sides. The main charge is a block of cast TNT into which an MUV series fuze, fitted with a stab-sensitive MD-2 detonator, is placed. The fuze uses a spring-loaded striker retained by a `T' shaped winged pin and may incorporate an arming delay mechanism. The fuze and retaining pin protrude through the end of the mine opposite the hinge. PMD-6M has a steel leaf spring in the lid (see illustration opposite); this rests on the fuze body to increase the operating pressure The PMD series mines are normally pressure-operated, although they can be set up for tripwire initiation. The fuze assembly is inserted into the end of the mine until the detonator is inside the TNT


block. In normal use, a winged striker retaining pin is used so that the lid rests on the wings of the pin, the striker accommodated by a deep slot cut into the lid. Once armed, pressure on the lid simply pushes the pin out of the fuze to release the striker onto the stab receptor of the detonator assembly. A normal (`P' shaped), or combination pin may be used in conjunction with a tripwire run to a securing point at right angles to the fuze; this is sometimes used to booby-trap box mines

Origin Soviet Union Found in

Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Chad, Cyprus, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Honduras, Iraq, Kurdistan, Lebanon, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zimbabwe

Similar with Czech PP Mi-D, Chinese Type 59, Yugoslav PMD-1

Cross Reference EOD IS


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes

Operating pressure 1-10 kg

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Easily detectable

Variations include the use of hollowed blocks instead of boxes, and different MUV fuzes. PMD 6M looks very similar to the Czech PP Mi-D (see separate entry). Since these mines have been extensively copied and are sometimes improvised in the field, specifications may vary substantially. Insects and rot can cause the wood to seriously deteriorate; in some instances, the lid has crumbled under pressure and failed to initiate the fuze. Where this occurs, a complete and viable explosive system may be left in a hazardous condition


TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PMN 2 Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 53 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT/RDX 100 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green with black markings, presure star black

GENERAL INFORMATION

PMN-2 was designed to improve upon the PMN (see previous entry), in particular to increase its resistance to blast. The mine has a redesigned cruciform pressure plate made from Bakelite and covered by rubber; this cuts down the surface area while still presenting a similar sized actuation area to its target. Like its predecessor, PMN-2 has a transverse fuzing system, though the mechanism is entirely different. A spring-loaded striker is used, but a heavily sprung shutter replaces the stepped window of the PMN. A complex arming system involves a pneumatic bellows delay system and a spring-loaded detonator slide, which is held out of line. The detonator is integral, however a plug in the base gives access to the booster; the main charge is located in the side of the mine farthest from the arming handle. A metal arming handle secured by a shear-wire protrudes from the side of the body, which is normally made from green or brown plastic. Markings are stencilled in black on all surfaces. Recent versions have small ribs around the pressure plate retaining ring The arming handle is rotated to shear the pin, and then removed to begin the arming delay. When the handle is removed a plastic bellows begins to inflate, removing a bar from the detonator slide. After arming, the slide, retained by a ramp on the central plunger, continues to hold the detonator assembly out of line from the sprung striker. During normal operation the plunger is depressed, allowing the slide to move the detonator across. At the same time, the striker is released through the heavily sprung shutter, and rests against the face of the slide. When the slide is fully across, the striker aligns with another window and is released onto the detonator assembly. The shutter through which the


striker passes is sprung so heavily that it can hold the striker back by friction alone. During the short duration of overpressure from a conventional explosive, the plunger is depressed, releasing both the slider and the striker. But before the components can move into alignment, the plunger moves back up to trap the striker. The ramp on the plunger also pushes the slide back, effectively resetting the mechanism.

Resistant to conventional high-explosive overpressure. See Operation and Notes


Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Chechnya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Honduras, Lebanon, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Tajikistan, Thailan,Somlia

Similar with Cross Reference EOD IS, CD Luxenburg, Janes


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes

Operating pressure 15 kg

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Easy to detect

An electronically fuzed anti-disturbance version, designated PMN-3, has been reported in Chechnya. This variant is externally identical but, once armed, will detonate if the mine is tilted 90º from the horizontal. PMN-3 has an 80 g charge of RDX/wax, and can be programmed to self-destruct after a preset interval. Despite the blast-resistant mechanism of PMN-2, a long pressure pulse (such as that produced by fuel-air explosive) will initiate the mechanism


TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PMN Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 55 m Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 247 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Bakelite Color Green or brown with black rubber cover

GENERAL INFORMATION

PMN is a pressure-operated Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine introduced into service in the early 1960s. The mine has a Bakelite body with a flat rubber pressure plate, reinforced by a Bakelite disc, and secured around the body by a thin metal band. The fuze runs transversely through the mine body, with the arming delay mechanism and arming pin protruding from one side and the detonator plug from the other. The spring-loaded steel striker is retained in one half of the mine by the arming pin, immediately opposite the MD-9 stab-sensitive detonator and booster assembly. The main charge is cast into the cavities surrounding the fuze mechanism. A central spring-loaded plunger has a slotted aperture with a step to retain the striker, once the mine is armed. The body of the PMN is normally the brown colour of unpainted Bakelite, with a black rubber pressure plate. Markings are normally stencilled in black on the base, and in light brown on the pressure plate Removing the arming pin starts a lead-shear delay mechanism. The base of the spring-loaded striker has a thin steel wire attached to it. A small lead strip runs through this to retain the striker until, under pressure from the spring, the wire cuts through the strip. Although very temperature dependent, this normally requires 15 to 20 minutes. Once armed, the striker is retained by a step, cut into the aperture of the central plunger. When sufficient load is applied to the pressure plate, the plunger is depressed and a window moves into line to release the striker onto the stab receptor of the detonator assembly.


Although a blast mine, the thick Bakelite walls of the PMN produce a substantial fragmentation hazard within a few metres. The large explosive content, combined with the fragmentation, generally leads to very serious injury and can prove fatal. The Chinese version (Type 58) has a black body and pressure plate, but similar specifications. The Hungarian GYATA-64 has different specifications.


Afghanistan, Angola, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Chad, Chechnya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Honduras, Iraq, Kurdistan, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Vietnam, Yemen

Similar with

Very similar to the MS-3 anti-lift booby trap. Chinese Type 58, Hungarian GYATA-64. Also known as `Black Widow'

Cross Reference EOD IS, CD Luxenburg,Janes


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes

Operating pressure 8-25 kg


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Easy to detect

Neutralisation Once arming has commenced, this mine cannot be neutralised

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PMP 71 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Mine AP

PICTURES


Diameter 175 mm Total Weight 1.5 kg

Height / Length 150 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 100 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Color

GENERAL INFORMATION

The PMP-71 is an obsolete anti-personnel blast mine, formerly manufactured in East Germany for use on the Inner German Border. Despite the large plastic casing, the mine contains only a 100 g charge, which screws into a central well in the base. The top of the mine has a large pressure plate which bears on a Belleville spring in the centre section of the mine body; beneath this is a stab-sensitive detonator assembly in the centre of the charge. During transit, the pressure plate is secured by two metal rods which pass through holes in the edge to prevent movement. On detonation, the conical void in the reinforced base section directs the blast upwards to cause a non-fatal injury.

Origin East Germany Found in Somalia



Fuze Description Operation pressure 6-8kg

Operation

Notes


TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name POMZ 2 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP FRAG stacke Mine

PICTURES


Diameter 60 mm Total Weight 2,3 kg

Height / Length 130 mm, body only Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 75 g

Fuzing Mechanical fuze of the MUV family

Propellant


Casing Cast-steel Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

POMZ-2 has six rows of fragmentation whereas its successor, POMZ-2M, has five. The hollow body houses the cylindrical main charge, which has a central detonator cavity. The top surface of the mine body is raised into a fuze well which accepts a mechanical fuze of the MUV family. The open end of the cylindrical body sits on a short wooden stake, normally held in place by a wedge.


Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Honduras, Iraq, Libya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Somalia, Vietnam, Zimbabwe

Similar with

Chinese Type 58, Cuban PMFH-1, Czech PP Mi-Sk, former Yugoslav PMR-1 and PMR-2A, Korean MAP, Vietnamese MBV-78A1

Cross Reference EOD IS, Jane's


Fuze Description

Operation

The fuze is fitted with a stab-sensitive detonator assembly and simply pushed into the fuze well. An anchored tripwire is attached to the striker retaining pin and the safety pin removed to arm the mine, or begin the arming delay. When the tripwire is pulled, the striker retaining pin is extracted and the striker released onto the detonator assembly. The main charge is initiated, shattering the steel body and projecting the fragments in all directions. The mine is likely to be lethal to 10 m; beyond this range, the uneven fragmentation makes the effectiveness very unpredictable.

Notes


TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name POMZ 2M Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP FRAG stake Mine

PICTURES



Height / Length 107 mm, only body Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 75 g

Fuzing mechanical fuze of the MUV family

Propellant


Casing Cast-steel Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

POMZ-2M is an Anti-Personnel (AP) fragmentation stake mine, developed from the POMZ-2, which has also been extensively copied by other countries. The cast-steel body is externally grooved to enhance fragmentation. Unlike the POMZ-2 which has six rows of fragmentation, the POMZ-2M has only five. The hollow body houses the cylindrical main charge, which has a central detonator cavity. The top surface of the mine body is flat, and has a central fuze well threaded to accept a mechanical fuze of the MUV family.


Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Honduras, Iraq, Libya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Somalia, Vietnam, Zimbabwe

Similar with

Chinese Type 59, Cuban PMFH-1, Czech PP Mi-Sk, former Yugoslav PMR-1 and PMR-2A, Korean MAP, Vietnamese MBV-78A1

Cross Reference EOD IS, Jane's



Fuze Description

Operation

The fuze is fitted with a stab-sensitive detonator and the assembly is screwed into the fuze well. An anchored tripwire is attached to the striker retaining pin and the safety pin removed to arm the mine or begin the arming delay. When the tripwire is pulled, the pin is extracted and the striker released onto the detonator assembly. The main charge is initiated, shattering the steel body and projecting fragments in all directions. The mine is likely to be lethal to 10 m; beyond this range, the uneven fragmentation makes the effectiveness very unpredictable

Notes

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PPM-2 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP blast Mine

PICTURES




Fuzing Presure piezoelectric fuze Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Black

GENERAL INFORMATION

The pressure plate is internally ribbed, with a removable foil detector ring and a central hemispherical plunger bearing on the fuze assembly. The lower half of the mine retains the fuze assembly and an annular main charge, held in place by a plastic strip and a single screw. Set to one side is the safety and arming mechanism, which consists of a lead-shear delay retained by a safety pin. The tip of the safety pin, which enters the mine through the side O-ring, also makes an electrical connection to short circuit the piezo fuze. The delay mechanism forms a second short circuit. The electric detonator is an unusual design, using a spark gap rather than a bridge wire, and has a single protruding terminal.

Origin DDR Found in Angola, Cambodia, Chad, Ethiopia,

Lebanon, Mozambique, Namibia,

Somalia

Similar with China Model 1989 Cross Reference EOD IS, Jane's



Fuze Description Piezoelectric fuze

Operation

Removing the safety pin disconnects the first short circuit and begins the arming delay. A tension spring takes 1.5 to 3 hours to pull a metal edge through the lead strip, after which the second short circuit is removed and the mine is armed. When sufficient pressure is applied to the mine, the load is transferred to the plunger of the piezo fuze. Inclined surfaces rotate a pin into a vertical keyway to release the plunger and compress the piezo crystals. The resultant pulse is transferred to the terminal and body of the detonator, via the conducting rubber clips, to initiate the mine.

Notes Optrating pressure, 13 kg

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PPMi-Sr Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Bounding AP mine

PICTURES




Fuzing RO-1 (mechanic) Propellant

Alternate Fuzing RO-8 (mechanic) Effect Fragmentation effects

Casing Metallic body Color Green, Brown, Grey

GENERAL INFORMATION PPMi-Sr is a steel-cased anti-personnel bounding mine. On the top surface there are two slotted screw heads and a central fuse well. The larger of screws is the fillere plug, the smaller one seals the detonator into position. There is also a second version named PPMi-Sr II with minor modification.

Origin Czechoslovakia Found in Afganistan, Cambodge.

Similar with Cross Reference EOD IS



Fuze Description

There are two kinds of fuses : Mechanique : RO-1 working with traction RO-2 working with pressure Electrical : P1 P2

Operation

Initiation Decanting of the body Tension of the cable, striker is now free, contact with primary cap Detonation of the mine after 1,50m from ground level.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PRB M 35 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP Mine

PICTURES



Height / Length 58 mm Filling (Type / Weight) 100g / TNT and potassium nitrate

Fuzing M 5 Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green with yellow markings

GENERAL INFORMATION

PRB M35 is a plastic-cased Anti-Personnel (AP) blast mine. The mine body, which is a sealed unit housing the main charge, has a central threaded fuze well to accept the M5 fuze. The fuze has a spigot in the centre of the flexible top surface; this is secured with a safety pin to prevent movement until the mine is armed. Beneath the spigot is a tubular collar with protrusions which retain two horizontal spring-loaded steel wire strikers. The collar, which has two apertures, also protects two stab-sensitive igniters positioned back to back in the centre of the fuze. Below this is the detonator assembly, externally threaded to fit into the mine body. PRB M35 is normally coloured olive green and may have markings stencilled in yellow.


Angola, Chad, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon, Peru, Somalia, Western Sahara



Fuze Description

Operation

With the M5 fuze screwed fully into the mine body, the safety pin is extracted to arm the mine. When a load is applied to the spigot the top surface flexes, pushing the internal collar down. The steel wires slip off the protrusions and spring inwards onto the igniters through windows in the collar. The resultant flash is channelled down into the detonator which then fires the main charge.

Notes


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability This is a minimum-metal mine and is difficult to detect

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name Type R Alternate Name


PICTURES


Width 64 mm Total Weight 400 g

Height / Length 60 mm / 140 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 150 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Color Green or natural wood

GENERAL INFORMATION

The destructive action is fragmentation and concussion. The mine throws shrapnel 5-10 meters. Normal distance between mines is 5 paces. There is also a practice model of this mine used for troop training. The Italian Model R antipersonnel mine is similar to the World War II former German "shu" mine and the former Soviet PMD-6. However, the Model R has three scored metal fragmentation plates for increased effectiveness. The 150-gram explosive charge is held in place by a small wooden crossbar attached to the bottom of the case. A slight 2.0- to 3.0-kg pressure causes the hinged lid to rotate down over the lower portion of the case. The edge of the lid then pushes down on the butterfly-shaped striker retaining pin. Enough downward movement frees the cock striker, allowing it to impinge on the percussion cap, igniting the OTO detonator and firing the main explosive charge

Origin Italy Found in Somalia

Similar with PMD-6 ( Soviet Union ) Cross Reference EOD IS, CD Luxenburg,


Ordata


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name Type 69 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP Mine Bound-Frag

PICTURES



Height / Length unfuzed 102mm;fuzed 169 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 105 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing steel Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

This bounding fragmentation mine is similar in appearance to the Russian OZM-3 and OZM-4, though it is noticeably smaller. It has an outer sheet-steel casing and a cast-iron body containing a propelling charge and a TNT main charge. A channel runs through the centre of the main charge, at the base of which is a pyrotechnic delay element. The detonator is placed (open end down) into the central tube, and held in place by a long removable plug, which screws into the top of the mine. To one side of this plug is a threaded spigot, which accepts a Type 69 mechanical combination fuze; the spigot contains a stab-sensitive igniter element. The fuze has a spring-loaded striker retained inside a slotted plastic plunger by a split pin. This pin, sitting in a groove around the striker, acts in much the same way as retaining balls would in a conventional fuze. A safety pin runs through the plunger and striker to secure the assembly. The mine is normally painted olive green with characters stencilled in black.

Origin China Found in Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia

Similar with Russian OZM-3; OZM-4 Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes



Fuze Description

Once the safety pin has been removed, the fuze can be operated by removal of the split pin using a tripwire, or by pressure. When sufficient load is applied to the slotted plunger, it moves down inside the fuze body, further compressing the striker spring. As the wider section of the slot aligns, the sides of the split pin are allowed to move apart, releasing the striker. When the fuze functions, the flash ignites the propellant and blows the mine body out of its casing and into the air. At the same time, the pyrotechnic delay element is ignited. Before the mine reaches a height of 1.5 m, the delay initiates the detonator. As the main charge detonates, the body is shattered into about 240 small fragments, with a claimed lethal radius of approximately 11 m; the effective range is considerably greater, probably around 25 m.

Operation Pressure 7-12kg; pull 1.5-4kg

Notes An electric igniter is available to allow remote command initiation of this mine. The fuze could also be operated by attaching a tripwire to the safety pin (instead of the split pin) and then removing the split pin to arm the mine, though this is not the intended practice.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name Type 72 Series Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP Mine Blast

PICTURES


Diameter 78mm Total Weight 140g

Height / Length 38mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT/RDX / 58 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing plastic Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

Type 72 (AP) is a pressure-operated blast mine, though two electronic anti-handling variants have also been manufactured. The upper section of the plastic casing, which incorporates a soft rubberised pressure plate cover, screws onto the lower section and is free to rotate slightly to arm the mine. Inside the top section, the pressure plate is retained by three lugs on a spring-loaded plastic ring, which is prevented from rotating by a metal safety pin. Beneath this is a resin-reinforced fibre Belleville spring with a small metal firing pin fixed into the centre. The lower section houses the main charge and stab-sensitive igniter, and has a threaded well in the centre of the base to accept the booster. The booster is housed in a plastic casing, and has a central recess for the detonator. Offset in the base is a screw-in plastic stop pin which limits the rotation of the top section once the mine has been assembled. Three groups of three alignment marks are embossed at regular intervals around the edge of the top section, while three single alignment marks are evenly spaced around the lower section. Until armed, the single mark aligns with the centre mark of a group of three. Type 72 (AP) is normally coloured green with black stencilling on the base. In hot climates, the soft rubber cover often perishes, leaving the buff coloured plastic pressure plate exposed. Attention: Don't touch! Don't move! Type 72 normal pressure initiation 3-7kg; anti-handling device: None; Safety pin: circular Type 72A normal pressure initiation 5-8kg; anti-handling device: Yes; Safety pin: triangular Type 72B normal pressure initiation 5-8kg; anti-handling device: Yes; Safety pin: rectangular Self destruction function: time of period before destruction is unknown

Origin China Found in

Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, China, Eritrea, Iraq, Kurdistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mozambique, Peru, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand

Similar with South-Africa "Non-metallic AP Mine"




Fuze Description

When the safety pin is removed, the spring-loaded ring rotates slightly until it contacts the tip of the plastic stop pin. The top section is then rotated by hand until one of the single marks aligns with the right-hand mark of a group of three. This moves the stop pin away, allowing the ring to further rotate and move the retaining lugs away from under the pressure plate to arm the mine. Load is then transferred from the pressure plate directly to the Belleville spring, which inverts suddenly to push the firing pin into the stab-sensitive igniter. The flash from the igniter initiates the detonator immediately below it, and the booster then detonates the main charge.


Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Attention: Type 72A is equipped with an electronic anti-handling fuze. Attention: Minimal metallic parts

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name VALMARA 59 (V-59) Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP bounding FRAG Mine

PICTURES



Height / Length 201 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT/RDX 545 g

Fuzing Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect Blast, Fragmentation

Casing Color Green, brown

GENERAL INFORMATION

The outer plastic casing surrounds a steel pot, within which is the mine body. The five-pronged fuze assembly, contains a spring-loaded striker and retaining balls. It is attached to the top of the mine by a bayonet fitting, and allows both pressure and tripwire operation. Beneath the fuze, within the main charge, is a plastic plunger and the OTO detonator assembly; a central cavity leads to a propellant chamber in the base. A short tether wire, attached to the base, is fixed to the central plunger section of the detonator assembly; the striker pin (which points down) is held out of line with the detonator. An outer section contains more than 1,000 fragments of chopped steel. A two-pronged safety pin secures the fuze cap to the fuze body, preventing movement until armed.


Similar with V 69 Cross Reference EOD IS, Jane's



Fuze Description The five-pronged fuze assembly, contains a spring-loaded striker and retaining balls. . It is attached to the top of the mine by a bayonet fitting, and allows both pressure and tripwire operation.

Operation

Once the two-pronged safety pin has been removed, the mine is initiated when pull on a

tripwire, or pressure on a prong, causes the fuze cap to tilt. This action forces a hook to pull a

primary striker assembly upwards, compressing the striker spring until the retaining balls are

released (direct downward pressure will not cause initiation). The striker fires an igniter and

the flash travels down the centre of the detonator assembly to the propellant chamber. The

burning propellant fires the mine body out of its sleeve; as the mine reaches a height of about

45 cm, the tether wire pulls the central plunger down. Lugs on the plunger are engaged in

diagonal slots which rotate the plunger to bring the firing pin into line with the detonator. The

firing pin is pulled into the stab-sensitive detonator assembly, initiating the main charge.

Overpressure applied to the fuze cap causes no tilting and will therefore not actuate the fuze

Notes Operating pressure: 10.8 kg pressure, 6 kg pull

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name VALMARA 69 (V-69) Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AP bounding FRAG Mine

PICTURES



Height / Length 212 mm Filling (Type / Weight) RDX/TNT 600 g

Fuzing Mech Pressure fuze Propellant

Alternate Fuzing Effect Blast, Fragmentation

Casing Plastic Color Green, Sand-brown

GENERAL INFORMATION

The outer plastic casing surrounds a steel pot, within which is the mine body. The five-pronged fuze assembly, contains a spring-loaded striker and retaining balls. It is attached to the top of the mine by a bayonet fitting, and allows both pressure and tripwire operation. Beneath the fuze, within the main charge, is a plastic plunger and the OTO detonator assembly; a central cavity leads to a propellant chamber in the base. A short tether wire, attached to the base, is fixed to the central plunger section of the detonator assembly; the striker pin (which points down) is held out of line with the detonator. An outer section contains more than 1,000 fragments of chopped steel. A two-pronged safety pin secures the fuze cap to the fuze body, preventing movement until armed.

Origin Italy Found in Angola, Iraq, Kuwait, Mozambique Somalia

Similar with V 59 Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes



Fuze Description The five-pronged fuze assembly, contains a spring-loaded striker and retaining balls. . It is attached to the top of the mine by a bayonet fitting, and allows both pressure and tripwire operation.

Operation

Once the two-pronged safety pin has been removed, the mine is initiated when pull on a

tripwire, or pressure on a prong, causes the fuze cap to tilt. This action forces a hook to pull a

primary striker assembly upwards, compressing the striker spring until the retaining balls are

released (direct downward pressure will not cause initiation). The striker fires an igniter and

the flash travels down the centre of the detonator assembly to the propellant chamber. The

burning propellant fires the mine body out of its sleeve; as the mine reaches a height of about

45 cm, the tether wire pulls the central plunger down. Lugs on the plunger are engaged in

diagonal slots which rotate the plunger to bring the firing pin into line with the detonator. The

firing pin is pulled into the stab-sensitive detonator assembly, initiating the main charge.

Overpressure applied to the fuze cap causes no tilting and will therefore not actuate the fuze.

Notes

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name Typ V Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 210 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 91 g

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Steel Color Green


GENERAL INFORMATION

Figure shows the appearance and dimensions of the Model V landmine and the pull-percussion Model R fuze. The training version of this mine (not shown) contains a smoke charge with holes drilled in the mine cylinder to permit the smoke to escape. This is a high-explosive (HE) fragmentation (frag) antipersonnel (apers) landmine. The stake is wood and the serrated cylinder and cap are metal. The fuze is metal


Similar with Cross Reference EOD IS,CD Luxenburg,Ordata


Fuze Description

Operation

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name M7A2 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT Mine / Blast

PICTURES


Diameter Total Weight 2.2 kg

Height / Length 174x117x72 mm Filling (Type / Weight) Tetryl 1.62

Fuzing M603 mechanical fuze Propellant

Alternate Fuzing The M7 and M7A1 used chemical fuzes (M600 and M601), Effect Blast

Casing thin steel casing Color Normally painted olive green, with markings stencilled in yellow.

GENERAL INFORMATION

The M7, M7A1 and M7A2 are small pressure-operated blast mines, In the US, these were designated 'anti-vehicle' mines since they were less powerful and operated at a lower pressure threshold than typical 'anti-tank' mines. The thin steel casing has a central fuze well in the top surface and an auxiliary well at one end for booby trapping.

Origin U.S Found in Cambodia, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Somalia, etc.



Fuze Description The M7 and M7A1 used chemical fuzes (M600 and M601), which incorporated a glass vial of acid; these fuzes were replaced with the M603 mechanical fuze in the M7A2.

Operation

When sufficient force is applied to the pressure plate, the load is transferred to the fuze. In the chemical fuze, a plunger moves down to break the vial of acid, releasing it onto a flash composition to initiate the detonator. When pressure is applied to the M603 fuze, the Belleville spring inverts, snapping the firing pin into the detonator assembly to initiate the mine. In isolation,

Notes The low operating pressure may allow this mine to function in an anti-personnel role. At least 2.5 million were originally manufactured, but M7A2 is now obsolete and has been withdrawn from US service.


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Easily detectable Anti-handling An auxiliary fuze well is available for anti-disturbance devices Blast resistance May be susceptible to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name M 15 Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 150 mm Filling (Type / Weight) RDX/TNT 10.3 kg

Fuzing M603 fuze or M624 tilt-rod fuze Propellant


Casing sheet-steel case Color

normally painted olive green, with markings stencilled on the base in yellow or black.

GENERAL INFORMATION

M15 is a heavy, pressure-operated Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine based on the M6A2.

Origin USA Found in Cuba, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Somalia, Sudan, etc.

Similar with US M6A2 AT mine Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata


Fuze Description

The M603 fuze used with the mine has a small pressure plate, beneath which is a Belleville spring fitted with a striker. During transit, the fuze is fitted with a spring-steel safety clip, which fits around the body beneath the lip of the pressure plate to prevent downward movement. The M45 detonator assembly is housed within the fuze body and sits directly above the M120 booster when the fuze is fitted into the mine. The mine, fitted with an adaptor ring, can also offer full-width attack using the M624 tilt-rod fuze; this has a 610 mm mast and is fitted with a safety collar and pin until the mine is armed.

Operation When sufficient force is applied to the pressure plate, the springs are compressed and the load is transferred to the fuze. The Belleville spring inverts, snapping the striker into the detonator assembly to initiate the mine.

Notes


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Easily detectable Anti-handling Two auxiliary fuze wells are provided for fitting anti-handling devices Blast resistance Susceptible to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name M/80 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT Mine Blast

PICTURES



Height / Length 108 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT/RDX / 2.4 kg

Fuzing Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green, brown, sand

GENERAL INFORMATION

The M/80 is an Egyptian copy of the Italian TC/2.4 mine. The mines were initially assembled in Egypt from components supplied by the Italian company Tecnovar, but are now believed to be locally manufactured. This is a minimum-metal pressure-operated anti-tank mine, with a pneumatic transfer fuze which makes it extremely resistant to blast and shock. It was designed to be mechanically laid or scattered, although it can be emplaced manually and has a plastic handle fitted at the side. For more detail, see the entry on the Italian TC/2.4 in this section. Despite their similarity, the quoted weight of the M/80 is slightly greater than that of the TC/2.4.

Origin Egypt Found in Somalia

Similar with TC/2.4 Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes


Fuze Description

Operation

Notes


TECHNICAL DRAWING



Type / Subtype AT Mine/ Blast

PICTURES



Height / Length 330x330x96 mm Filling (Type / Weight) RDX/TNT / 9.58 kg

Fuzing M606 mechanical pressure actuated fuze.

Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green with markings stencilled in yellow

GENERAL INFORMATION

The M19 is a large pressure-operated, minimum-metal Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine.

Origin USA Found in

Afghanistan, Angola, Chad, Chile, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Western Sahara, Somalia

Similar with Produced under licence in Chile, Also copied by Iran Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata


Fuze Description

The M606 fuze assembly, fitted with a lifting cord, is secured into the fuze well by four lugs in a bayonet fitting around the rim of the cavity. In the centre of the top surface of the fuze is an arming lever which moves between two settings: 'S' and 'A' (Safe and Armed). In the safe position, a steel U-shaped safety clip can be fitted around the arming lever to prevent its movement.

Operation Sufficient pressure on the pressure plate compresses the large Belleville spring, transferring the load to the fuze; the small Belleville spring inverts sharply to snap the firing pin into the stab-sensitive detonator and initiate the mine.

Notes


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Very difficult to detect Anti-handling Auxiliary fuze wells are provided in the side and base for booby trapping Blast resistance Susceptible to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING




PICTURES



Height / Length 100 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 6.25 kg

Fuzing pressure fuze, similar to the Russian MV-5, the mine accepts a tilt-rod fuze

Propellant


Casing Sheet-metal Color Green or sand coloured. May have markings in Arabic script.

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Egyptian M/71 is a copy of the former Soviet Union TM 46, though slightly larger and heavier The M/71 is a large, metal-cased anti-tank blast mine, which may be laid mechanically or by hand. In addition to a conventional pressure fuze, the mine accepts a tilt-rod fuze that gives it a full-width attack capability against vehicles.

Origin Egypt Found in Egypt, Somalia

Similar with

Chinese Type 59 and Type 72 (metallic AT), Israeli No 6, Korean

ATM-46 and ATM-46N, Russian TM-

46

Cross Reference EOD IS, Ordata, Janes


Fuze Description

The fuzes are copied from the Russian types used in the TM-46; both have a spring-loaded striker secured by a retaining ball, which is held in place by an outer collar. The pressure fuze, which is similar to the Russian MV-5 (see separate entry), is fitted with a detonator assembly; with the fuze well cap unscrewed, the fuze assembly is then placed in the fuze well and the cap replaced to secure it.

Operation

Sufficient load applied to the mine collapses the pressure plate and transfers the weight onto the fuze. The outer collar is moved down, further compressing the striker spring before allowing the retaining ball to escape, releasing the striker onto the detonator assembly. When the tilt-rod fuze is bent, a camming action is produced by three internal segments around a central rod; this rod, attached to the top of the collar, lifts it slightly to release the retaining ball. As the retaining ball escapes, the striker is


driven onto the detonator by its spring.

Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Easily detectable Anti-handling None

Blast resistance Susceptible to blast

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name MK 5 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT Mines/ Blast

PICTURES




Fuzing Mk 3 Propellant


Casing Metal Color Brown or green with a red band around

GENERAL INFORMATION

Mk 5 is an obsolete metal-cased, pressure-operated anti-tank blast mine which entered service in 1943. The mine was produced in two varieties: Mk 5 HC (Higher Capacity) and Mk 5 GS (General Service). The GS has the same dimensions as the HC, but a smaller main charge and a lower overall weight.

Origin GB Found in Angola, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Mozambique, Sudan, Zimbabwe

Similar with Mk 5 GS (GB) United States M1A1 AT mine Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata


Fuze Description

Sufficient pressure collapses the cap and breaks the shear pin, releasing the spring-loaded striker onto the detonator assembly to initiate the mine. Since the legs of the spider are held by the straps, pressure on the edge of the spider creates leverage on the fuze; this requires less actuation force than applying the load to the centre.

Operation

The fuze is placed into the central well and the safety pin removed. The cap is positioned over the head of the fuze and the spider placed on top. Each of the studs on the spider legs is engaged with its strap so that the assembly is free to ride down the slots. After this, any load applied to the spider bears on the fuze cap. Sufficient pressure collapses the cap and breaks the shear pin, releasing the spring-loaded striker onto the detonator assembly to initiate the mine. Since the legs of the spider are held by the straps, pressure on the edge of the spider creates leverage on the fuze; this requires less actuation force than applying the load to the centre.


Note

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Easily detectable Anti-handling None Blast resistance Very resistant to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name Mk 7 Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 131 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 9,75 kg

Fuzing No 5 double-impulse fuze Propellant

Alternate Fuzing A tilt-rod fuze (L93A1) Effect Blast

Casing Sheet-steel Color Green, brown

GENERAL INFORMATION

Mk 7 is a large pressure-operated Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine, adopted as the replacement for the British Mk 5. The domed top surface of the mine has a central threaded fuze well, sealed with a heavy steel cap, in the centre of a sprung pressure plate.

Origin GB Found in Afghanistan, , Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Libya, Namibia, Oman, Somalia, etc



Fuze Description

The fuze is designed so that it can only function if it is the right way up, and has 'MINE ARMED' embossed on the top surface and 'MINE UNARMED' stamped into the base. A tilt-rod fuze (L93A1) can be used in conjunction with the No 5 fuze (once the first pressure has been taken up) to give the Mk 7 a full-width attack capability. This fuze, which incorporates a 0.7 second delay, consists of a brown Bakelite body and a 2-section tubular steel mast containing frangible carbon rods retaining a spring-loaded striker.

Operation

When the pressure passes, the plunger springs back up, allowing the balls to roll onto the top of the Belleville spring. When a second load is applied it is transferred, via the balls, to the Belleville spring. The spring inverts sharply to snap the firing pin into the stab-sensitive detonator and initiate the mine. This double-impulse feature is primarily intended to defeat mine rollers. Where single-impulse initiation is required, the first pressure is taken up using a manually operated lever mechanism before the fuze is inserted into the mine. A small metal pin near the waist of the fuze is pushed up to indicate that the first pressure has been applied. Taking up the first pressure is known as 'cracking' the fuze.


Since it relies on gravity to position the ball bearings, the No 5 fuze is incapable of functioning upside down.

Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Detectability Easily detectable Anti-handling A mechanical anti-disturbance fuze was designed (for attachment to the base of the mine), but is not believed to have seen operational use Blast resistance Susceptible to overpressure, though the double-impulse fuze may resist a single blast

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name P2 Mk 3 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT Mine

PICTURES


Diameter 270 mm Total Weight 7,26 kg

Height / Length 130 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 6,33 kg

Fuzing simple shear-wire fuze Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Brown with stencilling in white or yellow

GENERAL INFORMATION

P2 Mk3 is a simple minimum-metal Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine

Origin Pakistan Found in Afghanistan, Angola (P3 Mk2), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Somalia, Tajikistan



Fuze Description

Beneath the ribbed pressure plate is a cavity to accept an Anti-Personnel (AP) mine, normally a P2 Mk2 (AP) or a P4 Mk1, which provides the fuzing and initiation system. The P4 Mk1 AP mine has a simple shear-wire fuze and a 30 g Tetryl charge which acts as a booster for the AT mine

Operation

The transit plug of an AP mine is replaced with a detonator assembly, and the mine armed by the removal of the safety cap. The pressure plate of the AT mine is then unscrewed, the AP mine inserted into the cavity, and the plate replaced. When sufficient force is applied to the pressure plate it collapses, transferring the load to the AP mine. The shear-wire within the AP mine fuze breaks, allowing the spring to force the striker into the stab-sensitive detonator assembly. As the Tetryl charge in the AP mine detonates, the booster and main charge in the AT mine are also initiated.

Notes


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Extremely difficult to detect

Anti-handling May be booby trapped using the auxiliary fuze well in the base, or using the GLM-2 electronic anti-lift device

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name P2 Mk2 / P3 Mk1 Alternate Name


PICTURES


Diameter Total Weight 6.5 kg / 7,36 kg

Height / Length 262x262x120 mm 306 / 117 mm

Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 6 kg / 6,5 kg

Fuzing P2 Mk2 (AP) or a P4 Mk1/ has a simple shear-wire fuze Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Brown or green with stencilling in white or yellow.

GENERAL INFORMATION

P2 Mk2 and P3 Mk2 are two of a range of simple minimum-metal Anti-Tank (AT) blast mines.

Origin Pakistan Found in Afghanistan, Angola), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Somalia, Tajikistan

Similar with P2 Mk2 is also the designation for a Pakistan AP mine Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes


Fuze Description

Beneath the ribbed pressure plate is a cavity to accept an Anti-Personnel (AP) mine, normally a P2 Mk2 (AP) or a P4 Mk1, which provides the fuzing and initiation system. The P4 Mk1 AP mine has a simple shear-wire fuze and a 30 g Tetryl charge which acts as a booster for the AT mine;

Operation

When sufficient force is applied to the pressure plate it collapses, transferring the load to the AP mine. The shear-wire within the AP mine fuze breaks, allowing the spring to force the striker into the stab-sensitive detonator assembly. As the Tetryl charge in the AP mine detonates, the booster and main charge in the AT mine are also initiated.

P 2 Mk 2 with square bodys P3 Mk 1 round bodies


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Detectability Extremely difficult to detect Anti-handling May be booby trapped using the auxiliary fuze well in the base, or using the GLM-2 electronic anti-lift device Blast resistance Susceptible to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PRB M3 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT Mines

PICTURES



Height / Length 230x 230x130 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT/RDX / 6.0 kg

Fuzing M30 fuze (Pressure fuse) Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green, sand brown.

GENERAL INFORMATION

PRB M3 is a large anti-tank blast mine with a casing made from high-impact plastic. The mine body, which contains a central booster and the main charge, has a webbing carrying handle on one side and a single threaded well in the centre of the top surface, into which the M30 fuze fits.


Angola, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Lebanon, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Western Sahara, Zambia

Similar with PRB M3A1 is a variant with two auxiliary fuze wells Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes


Fuze Description M30 fuze

Operation

Sufficient pressure on the top of the pressure plate assembly shears the plastic pins in the outer collar, allowing the plunger to move down and transferring the load to the head of the fuze. As the collar is depressed by 2 to 4 mm, the steel wires slide off their retainers and spring inwards onto the igniters through windows in the collar. The sharpened ends of the wires initiate the stab-sensitive igniters, and the resultant flash is channelled down a central tube into the detonator. The blast from this mine will damage the running gear of any wheeled or tracked vehicle, and may penetrate an armoured hull. Mines must be placed at 2 m intervals to prevent sympathetic detonation.

Notes Operation Pressure 250 kg


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General PRB M3A1 is a variant with two auxiliary fuze wells (one in the side and one in the base) for booby trapping; the mine is often used in conjunction with the PRB M30 anti-lift device.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PT Mi BA II Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 390x221x98 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 6 kg

Fuzing Ro-7-II and Ro-7-III fuses Propellant


Casing Bakelite Color Brown colour of unpainted Bakelite

GENERAL INFORMATION

This is a pressure-fired, nonmetallic, antitank (AT) landmine

Origin Czechoslovakia Found in Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Namibia, Somalia

Similar with Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata



Fuze Description uses one or two Ro-7-II pressure-actuated fuzes, one or two Ro-7-III pressure-actuated/anti-removal fuzes, or a combination of both fuzes. The Ro-7-II and Ro-7-III fuzes are externally identical.

Operation

Sufficient pressure on either plunger shears the retaining collar, allowing it to move down and transfer the load to the fuze below it. Inside the fuze body, a shear-ring on the striker assembly breaks to release the spring-loaded striker onto the stab-sensitive detonator. Actuation of either fuze will detonate a booster, followed by the main charge. The use of plungers (instead of a large pressure plate) renders this mine fairly insensitive to the effects of overpressure.

Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability This is a minimum-metal mine and is very difficult to detect

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name PT MI BA III Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT Mine Blast

PICTURES


Diameter 320mm Total Weight 9.9 kg

Height / Length 110mm Filling (Type / Weight) 7.2 kg

Fuzing RO-2 / RO-7-I Propellant


Casing Bakelite Color Brown, Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

PT Mi-Ba-III is a large Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine with a Bakelite body. The dished pressure plate sits in a similar shaped cavity in the mine body, so that pressure on the rim will cause it to tilt. In the centre of the pressure plate is a knurled Bakelite fuze cover; this gives access to the fuze well, beneath which is the central booster charge. A safety ring may be inserted into the fuze well, over the fuze, to prevent any movement of the pressure plate (see diagram). The cast TNT main charge is contained in the lower part of the body. The mine is normally used with the RO-2 fuze (sometimes known as RO-7-I); this contains a spring-loaded striker, the end of which is retained by a brittle plastic cap. The small firing pin, striker spring and aluminium detonator capsule are the only metallic components of the mine. The base of the mine has a central plug which retains the booster charge. To one side is the plastic carrying handle which slides out from its transit position, almost flush with the edge of the mine. The mine is normally unpainted, in the red-brown colour of the Bakelite.

Origin Czechoslovakia Found in Angola, Kuwait, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia

Similar with Cross Reference Jane's


Fuze Description

To arm the mine the fuze cover is removed and a fuze assembly, fitted with a detonator, screwed into the fuze well. The safety ring (if fitted) is then removed and the fuze cover replaced. As the cover is replaced, a recess on the underside accommodates the brittle cap of the fuze. When sufficient pressure is applied to the rim of the pressure plate, it tilts, along with the brittle cap that is held within the underside of the fuze cover. Since the base of the fuze is firmly held within the mine body, a shearing action is created, which snaps the cap off the fuze. This releases the spring-loaded striker onto the stab-sensitive detonator assembly to initiate the mine. The requirement for a tilting action makes PT Mi-Ba-III fairly resistant to overpressure.

Operation Pressure 200-450kg


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Attention: This is a minimal-metal mine!! The RO-4 anti-lift device could be used in conjunction with this mine. The RO-2/RO-7-I fuze is susceptible to plastic degradation, particularly in hot climates. This can significantly affect the operating pressure and makes the mine dangerous to neutralise or disarm.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name SACI 54/7 Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 205 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 7 kg

Fuzing AC52 pressure-actuated fuzes and/or an ACS52 antidisturbance fuze.

Propellant

Alternate Fuzing

The SACI 54/5 and SACI 54/7 may also use three S.1 pressure actuated fuzes with or without the ACS52 antidisturbance fuze

Effect Blast

Casing Bakelite Color Brown colour of unpainted bakelite

GENERAL INFORMATION

SACI is an obsolete minimum-metal Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine that has been manufactured in several

variants. The specifications given below are for the SACI 54/7, which was copied by Egypt as the B Mk 1.

Origin Italy Found in Jordan, Nicaragua, Somalia

Similar with B Mk 1 (Egypt) Cross Reference EOD IS, Ordata, Janes



Fuze Description Three AC52 pressure-actuated fuzes and/or an ACS52 antidisturbance fuze. The SACI 54/5 and SACI 54/7 may also use three S.1 pressure actuated fuzes with or without the ACS52 antidisturbance fuze.

Operation

Sufficient load on the top of the mine crushes the Bakelite pressure plate, or distorts the rubber pressure plate, to bear on the fuzes. The flexible dome of the fuze distorts and, as the top of the plastic striker is depressed, a weakened ring in the shear disc fractures. In one type of fuze the sharp steel pin in the base of the striker is pushed directly into the stab-sensitive detonator; in the other, it is driven into the detonator by the compressed spring.

Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability Difficult to detect with minimum-metal fuze Anti-handling Yes; auxiliary fuze wells in side and base Blast resistance Susceptible to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name TM 46 Alternate Name


PICTURES




Fuzing Pressure: MV-5, MVM Propellant

Alternate Fuzing MVSh-46 tilt/pressure-actuated fuze for an AT mode.

Effect Blast

Casing Steel Color Green with markings stencilled in black

GENERAL INFORMATION

TM-46 is a large, metal-cased Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine which may be laid mechanically or by hand

Origin U.S.S.R Found in Afghanistan, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, etc

Similar with Chinese Type 59 and Type 72 (AT)

metallic, Egyptian M/71, Israel No

6, Korean ATM-46 and ATM-46N



Fuze Description The primary fuze well will contain an MV-5 or MV-5K fuze. When the MVM fuze is employed in the primary fuze well, the mine may also contain an MV-5 or MV-5K fuze placed upside down under the MVM fuze. The MVSh-46 fuze may use an extension rod.

Operation

All three fuze options use spring-loaded strikers secured by retaining balls. In the pressure mode, when sufficient load is applied to the mine the pressure plate collapses and the weight is transferred onto the MV-5 or MVM fuze. The outer collar is moved down, allowing the single retaining ball to escape and release the striker onto the detonator assembly;


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Anti-handling TMN-46: auxiliary fuze well in base accepts MUV or VPF-type pull fuzes. A booby trapped fuze cap was also produced, see Notes.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name TM 57 Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 112 mm Filling (Type / Weight) RDX/TNT / 7.2 kg

Fuzing MVZ-57 fuze or an MVSh-57 tiltrod fuze.

Propellant


Casing Metal Color Green with markings stencilled in black

GENERAL INFORMATION

This is a pressure-actuated high-explosive blast antitank (AT) mine.

Origin U.S.S.R Found in Sudan, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Somalia, Somaliland, etc.

Similar with TM-60 is a training version, similar in appearance



Fuze Description It was developed from the TM-46 to incorporate a larger charge and improved fuzing. In addition to a conventional pressure fuze (MVZ-57), the mine accepts a tilt-rod fuze (MVSh-57) that gives it a high degree of blast resistance.

Operation

The MVZ-57 incorporates a 25 to 30 second arming delay. With the safety clip removed, pressing the arming button starts a clockwork mechanism that rotates the initiator from the horizontal into a vertical position and locks it. The fuze uses a spring-loaded striker retained at the top end by a shear pin within an outer collar. When sufficient load is applied to the mine, the pressure plate collapses and the weight is transferred onto the MVZ-57 fuze. As the collar moves down around the detonator and striker assembly (which is supported by the booster) the shear pin breaks to release the striker onto the detonator. When the MVSh-57 tilt-rod fuze is bent by 25 to 30º, a camming action is produced by three internal segments around a central rod; this rod, attached to the top of a collar, lifts it slightly to release two retaining balls.


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Auxiliary fuze well in the side of the mine accepts MUV or VPF type pull fuzes

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name TM- 62M Alternate Name

Type / Subtype AT- Mine / Blast

PICTURES



Height / Length 115 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT 7.5 kg

Fuzing MVCh-62 Propellant

Alternate Fuzing

In addition to a conventional pressure fuze (MVCh-62), the mine accepts a variety of other fuzes that give it a full-width attack capability against vehicles. The fuze well is the same size as the one in the TM-72, TM-62 series will therefore accept the MVN-72 and MVN-80 magnetic influence fuzes.

Effect Blast

Casing Metal Color Green or brown with markings stencilled in black

GENERAL INFORMATION

TM-62M is a large, metal-cased Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine which may be laid mechanically or by hand. The mine is part of the TM-62 series (see Cross reference), further developed from the TM-46 and TM-57 to offer improved capability and greater flexibility.

Origin U.S.S.R Found in Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, etc.

Similar with

Other TM-62 casing options include: TM-62P: Bakelite. TM-62P2: red/brown plastic. TM-62P3: green plastic. TM-62D: wood. TM-62T: resin/fabric. TM-62B: caseless




Fuze Description

The MVCh-62 incorporates a 30 to 120 second arming delay. After winding up the clockwork spring with a key and removing a safety clip, pressing the arming button starts a mechanism that rotates the initiator from the horizontal into a vertical position and locks it. The fuze uses a spring-loaded striker secured by shear sections and retaining balls, held in place by an outer collar.

Operation

When sufficient load is applied to the mine, the pressure plate collapses and the weight is transferred to the fuze. The outer collar is moved down while the detonator and striker assembly are supported by the booster block. The shear sections break and, as the collar continues to move, the retaining balls escape to release the striker onto the stab-sensitive detonator assembly. MVP-62 has a pneumatic delay (20 to 300 seconds) instead of clockwork

Notes

EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General

Detectability TM-62M: Easily detectable. Some variants are minimum-metal and hard to detect Anti-handling None, but MVN-72 is highly sensitive to movement Blast resistance Moderate resistance to overpressure due to relatively small fuze surface area

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name TMA 3 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Anti Tank Landmine

PICTURES



Height / (fuzed) 110 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 6.8 kg

Fuzing UTMA-3 (x3) Propellant


Casing Neither Casing Color Green, brown or khaki with yellow or black makings

GENERAL INFORMATION

TMA-3 is a minimum-metal Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine made from cast explosive and covered in a coarse resin-reinforced fabric. On the top surface of the mine, three threaded plastic fuze wells are set into the explosive; beneath each of these is a booster with a central well to accept a detonator. An identical auxiliary fuze well is incorporated in the centre of the base, and a webbing carrying handle is set into the side of the mine. During transit, all of the fuze wells are sealed with plastic plugs. The training version of the mine, VTMA-3, is made of hard rubber and has a broad yellow stripe across it. There are reports of TMA-3 mines being cut into 3 wedge-shaped sections (each with a single fuze) to be used individually as mines.

Origin Ex Yugoslavia Found in Somaliland, Albania, Angola, Bosnia, Croatia, Namibia, Somalia

Similar with AT Mine TMA 4 Ex Yugoslavia Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata


Fuze Description

The UTMA-3 fuzes have proven unreliable on occasions, and are probably susceptible to damp. The UPROM-1 fuze will also fit into the TMA-3 fuze wells, and may allow tripwire initiation when used with a No 8 non-electric detonator. Additionally, a comprehensive range of booby trap switches could be used with this mine.

Operation Operating pressure 180 kg

Notes

The mine uses three UTMA-3 fuzes, which have a black plastic body with a mushroom-shaped plunger on the top and a plastic-covered detonator protruding from the threaded portion of the fuze. The three fuzes are supplied in a purpose-built wooden or plastic box, along with three steel detector rings that may be fitted around the fuze threads or discarded.


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General An auxiliary fuze well is provided in the base; a variety of Anti-handling devices could be used with the mine. The mixture ignites, initiating the integral No 8 detonator, booster and main charge; any one of the fuzes can detonate the mine.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name TMA 4 Alternate Name

Type / Subtype Anti Tank Mine

PICTURES



Height / (fuzed) 104 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT / 5 kg

Fuzing UTMA-4 (x3) Propellant


Casing Plastic Color Green with yellow stencilling

GENERAL INFORMATION

TMA-4 is a minimum-metal Anti-Tank (AT) blast mine, an updated version of TMA-3 made from cast explosive in a plastic casing. On the top surface of the mine are three threaded fuze wells, each with a booster pellet underneath; a rope carrying handle runs through a hole in the mine body. During transit, all of the fuze wells are sealed with plastic plugs. Since the mine body is totally non-metallic, the small aluminium detonator capsules are the only metal content of the armed mine.

Origin Ex, Yugoslavia Found in Albania, Angola, Bosnia, Chad, Croatia, Kosovo, Lebanon, Namibia, Sudan

Similar with AT Mine TMA 3 (Ex Yugoslavia) Cross Reference EOD IS, Janes, Ordata


Fuze Description

The mine uses three UTMA-4 fuzes, which have a black plastic body with a mushroom-shaped plunger on the top and a detonator housed within the plastic of the threaded portion of the fuze. Unlike the fuze for the TMA-3, the detonator does not protrude from the base of the TMA-4 fuze, and no metal is visible.

Operation Operating pressure 100 - 200 kg

Notes The three fuzes are supplied in purpose-built interlocking plastic tube sections, along with three steel detector discs that may be buried with the mine or discarded.


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General A comprehensive range of booby trap switches could be used with this mine, particularly using a wire or cord fixed to the rope carrying handle. The training version of the mine, VTMA-4, is made of hard rubber and has a broad yellow stripe across it.

TECHNICAL DRAWING


Ammunition Name Typ 72 Alternate Name


PICTURES



Height / Length 106 mm Filling (Type / Weight) TNT/RDX / 5.4 kg

Fuzing Typ 72 blast-resistant fuze Propellant

Alternate Fuzing a double-impulse fuze (Type 69) is also available Effect Blast

Casing Plastic Color Green

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Type 72 is a minimum-metal anti-tank blast mine, The mine body is completely non-metallic, with only the fuze containing small metal components.

Origin China Found in Angola, Bosnia, China, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Somalia, Sudan

Similar with Iranian copy (YM-III) Cross Reference EOD IS, ORDATA, Janes


Fuze Description

The Type 72 blast-resistant fuze is made of clear plastic and has a spring-loaded striker, held by two retaining balls within an outer collar. Lugs on the inner section ride in grooves in the collar and two windows are positioned above the retaining balls, but out of line. The striker spring is secured at both ends to create a torsional force on the collar. The detonator assembly screws into the base of the fuze. During transit, a plastic safety clip fits around the fuze body to prevent the collar from moving down.

Operation

Sufficient pressure on the top of the mine flexes the pressure plate until the fuze well plug bears on the top of the fuze, compressing the striker spring. If the load is applied steadily, the torsion on the spring causes the fuze collar to rotate as it moves down; the lugs ride in diagonal slots to align the windows with the release balls. As the balls escape, the striker is released onto the detonator to initiate the mine. Rapid application of load, such as explosive overpressure, pushes the collar straight down in vertical grooves; the windows do not align with the retaining balls and the mine will not function. The pressure plate springs back into place and the fuze is reset by the striker spring when the pressure passes. This action makes the mine resistant to all forms of explosive countermeasure.


EOD RECOMMENDATIONS

General Detectability The plastic-cased version is very difficult to detect Anti-handling None Blast resistance Very resistant to overpressure

TECHNICAL DRAWING

Documents

Minor i Somalia