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Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2028

Crew Resource Management

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Crew Resource Management

Purpose:Understand attitudes and skills that allow each crewmember to participate as part of the team

Properly trained aircrew members can collectively perform complex tasks better and make more accurate decisions than the single best performer on the team.

An untrained team's overall performance can be significantly worse than the performance of its weakest single member.

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Crew Management Goals

Maximize human performance Understand group dynamics Assess, mitigate, and manage risk Manage workload to avoid task saturation or

complacency Improve communication inside and outside

flight deck Maintain situational awareness

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Human Performance

Managing Fatigue– Scanning is physically demanding work

Consider using search pattern turns as opportunities to stretch muscles

– Duty day rules apply to scanners and observers as well as pilots (CAPR 60-1)

14 hour duty day max– Duty Day is defined as beginning when reporting to work or the

CAP activity, whichever occurs first. It ends at engine shut down. 8 scheduled flight hours within a duty day max Under no circumstances will flight time exceed 10 hours 10 hours rest between duty days minimum

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Other Human Performance factors

Turbulence Heat / Cold Light / Contrast Boredom Empty Field Myopia

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Group Dynamics Types of authority / Leadership styles Assertiveness Hazardous Attitudes

– Anti-authority– Impulsiveness– Invulnerability– Macho– Resignation– Get There It-us

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The Error Chain

A series of event links that, when considered together, cause a mishap.

Should any one of the links be “broken,” then the mishap will not occur.

It is up to each crewmember to recognize a link and break the error chain.

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Workload Management

Little things can make a difference– Help the pilot manage charts, checklists, etc.– Manage the CAP radio

Consider when to apply sterile flight deck discipline

Think ahead– use idle time to prepare for next busy activity

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Improved Communication

Entire crew should participate in briefings and debriefings if possible– Otherwise the pilot should thoroughly brief the team

Pilot should plan sorties with the participation of the aircrew

Don’t be afraid to volunteer information in the air and on the ground

Don’t be afraid to ask relevant questions

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Situational AwarenessKeeping a mental picture of what is happening and about to happen

Don’t’ fixate, scan the big picture Project ahead and consider contingencies Rotate attention between the crew, the plane

(current situation), and the path ahead Speak up when you see SA breaking down

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Task Saturation

Too much information at one time Too many tasks to accomplish in a given time

Usually occurs when an individual is confronted with a new or unexpected situation. Loses SA.

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Regaining Situational Awareness

Reduce workload: Suspend the mission. Reduce threats:

– Get away from the ground and other obstacles (e.g., climb to a safe altitude).

– Establish a stable flight profile where you can safely analyze the situation.

Remember: “Aviate, Navigate, Communicate”

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How do we get it back?

Trust your gut feelings “Time Out,” “Abort,” or “This is Stupid.”

– Pilot establishes aircraft in a safe and stable configuration, and then discuss the problem

Sterile Cockpit– Limit talk to the minimum necessary for safety.– Taxi, takeoff, departure, low-level flying,

approach, landing

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Assignment of Duties

CAPR 60-3 Flight-related -- aircraft commander Mission-related -- mission commander

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Crew Coordination

Understand and execute your assignments

CommunicateQuestion

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Summary Pay close attention to all briefings. Understand the “big picture.” Watch for task overload in yourself and other

crewmembers. 67% of air transport accidents occur during

17% of the flight time - taxi, takeoff, departure, approach and landing. Keep casual conversation and distractions to a minimum during these phases of flight.

Begin critical communications with instructions, then explain.

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SummarySuccessful missions hinge on each and every

crewmemberLearn how to use the procedures and tools

available to you, and use them correctlyNever stop learningDon’t be afraid to ask questionsNever criticize someone for asking questionsAnyone can call “Time Out,” “Abort,” or “This

is Stupid”Practice, practice, practice!