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Assessment of the Integrated Water Resources Management in
Myanmar
Ministry of Transport and Communications
Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems (DWIR)
Presented by U Aung Myo KhaingDeputy Director (DWIR)
Sule Shangri La
Yangon17th August, 2016
Contents
1. Water Situation in Myanmar
2. Why IWRM is important for Myanmar
3. DWIR Activities for IWRM
4. AIRBM Project (World Bank)
5. National Water Resources Committee (NWRC)
6. Challenges
7. Recommendations
8. Conclusions
2
3
Global Water and Myanmar
Myanmar
Population = 52,000,000
Groundwater available = 494.71 km3
Surface water available = 1081.88 km3
Water budget for one person = 9513.72 m3 /year
Required water for one person = 73 m3/year
3%
97%
Freshwater Availability (%)
Freshwater Seawater
87%
13%
Freshwater (%)
Frozen Groundwater+surfacewater
91%
6% 3%
Agricultural Sector
Domestic Water Use
Industrial Use
Myanmar Water Situation
Why IWRM is important for Myanmar
4
Why IWRM is important for Myanmar
Deforestation
Mining Activities in Catchment area
Sedimentation
Climate Change
Water Quality Degradation
Floods and droughts
Population increase
Water scarcity in Dry season
5
FC2000 FC2001 FC2002 FC2003 FC2004 FC2005
FC2006 FC2007 FC2008 FC2009 FC2010■Closed Forest
■Open Forest
Source : Forest Department
Deforestation
6
7
Mining Activities
Sedimentation in River
8
Sediment Condition (2014)
Mandalay = 250 Million ton/year
Yandapo = 417 million ton/year
Monywa = 508 million ton/year
Pazundaung = 577 million ton/year
Bago river = 750 million ton/year Source : DWIR
Sedimentation on land
9Source : Internet
Bank Erosion Condition
10Source : DWIR
2016-Jan & Feb pHIron Alkalinity Hardness Ammonia Nitrate Fluoride Turbidity D.O Temp
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) ( C)
Proposed National
Drinking Water
Quality Standard
6.5-9.2 0.3-1.0 >20 0-60 0.02 <0.5 0.7-1.7 20 5 -
1 Bhamo-2014 8 0.295 102 80 >1.0 0.42 1.35 45 - -
-2015 7.71 0.21 15 0 0.12 0 0.01 25 8.2 22.2
-2016 8.25 0.28 40 0 0.26 5.5 0.1 17 10 15.7
2 Mandalay
-2014 7.9 0.285 135 102 0.34 0.4 0.25 45 - -
-2015 8.14 0.49 25 0.0 0.16 0.5 0.23 50 9.5 24.4
-2016 7.11 0.02 30 0 0.09 0.0 0.23 73 5.2 26.7
3 Nyaung Oo
-2014 8.2 0.195 135 108 0 0.4 1.06 51 - -
-2015 8.10 0.145 193 102 0.13 0.2 0.55 100 13.5 21
-2016 7.51 0.01 125 0 0.16 1.2 0.05 115 8.8 26.8
4 Magwe
-2014 7.7 0.39 183 130 0 0 1.3 85 - -
-2015 7.3 0.69 273 137 0.16 0.2 0.05 110 10.99 26.1
-2016 8.4 0.71 170 - 0.28 6.9 0.03 125 9.6 26.6
5 Pyay
-2014 7.3 0.32 150 115 0.66 0.24 0.25 98 - -
-2015 7.2 1.31 252 95 0.21 0.1 1.3 120 12.1 26.3
-2016 7.53 0.21 120 - 0.13 0.0 - 120 8.2 26.8
Standard Normal RangeBelow Normal
Range
Above
Normal
Range
Hardness, Ammonia, Turbidity = Above Normal
Water Quality Test in Ayeyarwady River
11Iron, Fluoride = Below Normal Source : DWIR
12
2016-January pHIron Alkalinity Hardness Ammonia Nitrate Fluoride Turbidity D.O Temp
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) ( C)
Proposed National
Drinking Water
Quality Standard
6.5-9.2 0.3-1.0 >20 0-60 0.02 <0.5 0.7-1.7 20 5 -
1 Homallin
-2014 8.2 0.04 155 95 0.83 0.25 1.5 40 - -
-2015 8.18 0.59 80 0 0.47 19.7 0.28 5 8.9 26.5
-2016 7.43 0.5 65 - 0.19 1.6 - 45 10 26.6
2
-2014 8.2 0.81 180 185 1 0.31 0.4 290 - -
Kalaywa -2015 7.97 0.89 15 0.13 0.34 0 0.1 100 6.1 30.7
-2016 8.31 - 85 0.19 0.29 0 0.1 200 10 22.1
3 Kani
-2014 8.2 0.285 202 185 1 0.24 0.25 150 - -
-2015 8.1 0.55 95 0 0.4 0.2 0.3 83 8 28.9
-2016 7.9 0.51 85 - 0.19 0 - 280 10 25.9
4 Monywa
-2014 7.9 0.21 220 155 1 0.45 0.55 200 - -
-2015 7.4 0.76 100 0 0.49 0 0.25 120 10 29.8
-2016 7.26 0.44 135 - 0.19 0 - 210 8.9 26.1
Standard Normal RangeBelow Normal
Range
Above
Normal
Range
Water Quality Test in Chindwin River
Ammonia, Turbidity = Above Normal
Fluoride = Below Normal Source : DWIR
Homalin, Kalewa
1. Most parameters are lower than WHO Standard
2. Turbidity, TSS and TP were higher than standard
3. Heavy metals, As, Fe, Hg were detected
4. Hg in Uru river is higher than normal
5. Fe much higher than standard in Uru & Chindwin
6. All sample had detected Bacteria
SEI Measured Paraters1. Water Temperature2. Air Temperature 3. Rapid Dissolved Oxygen (RDO)4. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP)5. Electrical Conductivity (EC)6. Salinity7. Total Dissolved Solid(TDS)8. Oil and Grease9. Total Nitrogen (TN)10. Total Phosphorus (TP)11. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)12. Total Suspended Solid (TSS)13. Turbidity 14. Total Hardness15. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)16. Arsenic (As)17. Cyanide (CN)18. Lead (Pb)19. Mercury (Hg)20. Copper (Cu)21. Iron (Fe)
22. Bacteria23. Lead (Pb)24. Mercury (Hg)25. Copper (Cu)26. Iron (Fe)
Lab Test
In Situ Measurement
Kani and Monywa
1. Most parameters are lower than WHO Standard
2. Turbidity and TSS were higher than standard
3. EC and TSD in Yamar creek were higher than normal
4. Heavy metals, As, Cu, Fe, Hg and Pb were detected
5. Hg in Ya Mar & Chindwin river is higher than normal
6. Fe much higher than standard at all location
7. All sample had detected Bacteria
Source: SEI and MEI (2015-2016)
13
Water Quality in Chindwin
14
Drought in Chindwin River (Monywa)
14From 1967 to 2010, Water Level in Chindwin River reduced (2.5 inches) every year.
Source : SEI and MEI (2015-2016)
15
27
30
3
30
32
10
23
2
11
2
7
9
1817
1
14
3
7
1 1
3 3 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Path
ein
Kang
gyid
aun
k
Th
aboung
Kyonpyaw
Yaykyi
Kyaunggo
ne
Hin
thad
a
Za
lun
Laym
yath
na
Myanaun
g
Kyankhin
Inga
pu
MaU
bin
Panta
naw
Nyaung
done
Dan
ubyu
Kyeik
lat
Num
ber
of
Vill
ages
Township
Number of Villages with Contaminated WS (>50 %)
51 to 75 % >75 %
> 20 villages with at least 50 % of
contaminated WS
1. Thaboung: 18 + 27 = 45 /269 (16.73%)
2. Kyonpyaw: 17 + 30 = 47 /530 ( 8.87%)
3. Kyaunggon: 14 + 30 = 44 /319 (13.79%)
4. Hinthada: 3 + 32 = 35 /777 (4.50%)
5. Region total: 71+168=239/7779 (4.91%)
Source : Ministry Of Health
Arsenic Contamination in Ayeyarwady Region
DWIR
1. To conserve and protect the water resources and rivers systems
2. To smooth and safety waterways navigation
3. To develop the State economy improving water resources and rivers
4. To protect environmental impact
To improve the navigation channel
To protect the river banks erosion
To cooperate in demarcation of danger water level
River water for domestic and agriculture year round
Bank erosion of border rivers
To observe the long term existence of river bridges
To prevent the river water pollution
Maximum loading capacity of the vessels
Objectives
Responsibilities
16
17
permeable groyne non permeable groyne
non permeable groyne
Construction of River Training Strucutres
17
Bank Erosion protection
18
(1)(2)
(3)(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)(11)
(12)
(13)
(15)
(16)
(14)
Low Head Dams in Ayeyarwady
19FS by SBE nv Engineering (2013)
20
Phase-1 total cost =US $74.942 millions(2016-2017)
Phase 2Total cost =US $ 347.72 millions
Twante Canal Development
20FS by ISAN (Korea) (2014)
Water Resources Development and Navigation Master Plan
FS by MOLIT, Korea (2014)
21
Analysis of Longitudinal Profile of Ayeyarwady
22
Longitudinal Profile of Ayeyarwady River
23
Myitsone to Nyaungdoom= 1321 km
Vertical Difference = 163.8 m
Slope = 0.00012 (or)
Slope = 1 km = 12 cm
24
National Water Resources Committee
National Water Resources Committee has been established as an Apex body in
water sector by the Presidential decree on 25 July 2013. It was reorganized again
on 20th June, 2016.
Main Purpose is to manage Myanmar water resources efficiently and effectively.
Chaired by Vice President.
Ministry of Transport and Communications is a focal Ministry and Union Minister
is Vice Chairperson of NWRC.
1. Myanmar Water Policy
2. Effluent standard
3. National Water Law is drafting
4. Cooperate many international Organizations
5. Celebrate World Water Day
6. Organized many workshops and trainings
AIRBM Project Funded by World Bank
Basin = 414 100 Km2
Length = 2170 km
Description of Project ComponentsUSD
million
Comp. 1: Water Resource Management
Institutions, Decision Support Systems
and Capacity Building
32
Comp. 2: Hydro-meteorological
Observation and Information Systems
Modernization 30
Comp. 3: Navigation Enhancement on
the Ayeyarwady 38
Comp. 4: Contingent Emergency
Response 0
Total 100
25
Component 1 Activities
AIRBM Project
1. Institutional Arrangement, Water Resources Institutions / Water Law, Water
Framework Directive, Water Policy, Standards, Regulations and Procedures (Union
and Regional levels)
2. Secretariat and AG offices and Secretariat as well as staffing and empowerment,
and capacity building.
3. Ayeyarwady River Basin Master Plan
4. Hydroinformatics Centre – water operation centre of Myanmar – DSS or decision
support organ of NWRC
5. Capacity Building for all water related sectors
6. Stakeholders Forum for Ayeyarwady integrated river basin management
7. Preparation for Future Investment
26
Component 2, Objectives
AIRBM Project
(1) Institutional and Regulatory , Strengthening, Capacity Building and
Implementation Support
(2) Modernization of Observation, Infrastructure, Data Management Systems
and Forecasting
(3) Enhancement of Hydro - met Service Delivery Systems
1. Selection of System Integrator Consulting Firm
2. Enforcement of Laws, Rules and Regulations for Hydrometeorology and
Seismography
3. International and national trainings
4. Upgrading of River Surveying equipment and related trainings
5. International workshops and seminars for Agrometeorology
6. Donor Coordination Meeting
Activities
27
STRETCH 1Component 3 Activities
28
Component 3 Activities
29
30
Some Training Activities
River modeling training by ISAN
PENTAIR training YWP training
Survey training
WLE Training Programme (3 years)
Climate Change and IWRM (UNEP-DHI)
Some Training Activities
31
Monitoring Stations
1. Sagaing (Innwa) Bridge
2. Mandalay Buoy
3. Yangon Port
32
Data Download
1. Sagain Bridge (Water Level & Surface Velocity)
2. Mandalay Buoy (Weather Data)
3. Yangon Port (Weather Data, Water Quality )
1. Temperature
2. Wind velocity (2m)
3. Wind Velocity (10 m)
4. Wind Direction (2m)
5. Wind Direction (10m)
6. Relative Humidity
7. Barometric pressure
8. Wind Rose (2m)
9. Wind Rose (10m)
(Buoy & Yangon Port)
Steps
1. Enter website . www.envault.com.au
2. Log in (Username & Password)
3. Graph / csv (text file)
4. Historical data (day, week, month, year)
5. Water Quality Data (Turbidity, Salinity)
6. From Radar (WL, Velocity)
33
Monitoring Stations
34
Coordination between agencies
Information sharing between lined agencies
Data accessible, free of charge, complete dataset,
Online access (website) by each department
Database system (Hydroinformatic Center)
Organization for WRM, NWRC
Formation of RBOs
International financial & technical cooperation
Capacity
Challenges
34
35
Recommendations
Monitoring of Discharge, WL, Velocity, WQ should be done in all rivers and
streams
Detail list of water usages
Analysis, Assessment, Researches in WRM
Invest in non-structural measures (GIS, Numerical modeling studies, data
monitoring)
Exact topo data should be available for the whole country
Capacity Building of staffs
One main goal for safe and secure water
Conclusions
DWIR is responsible for safe navigation, river conservation, pollution control
Focal department of NWRC, implementing IWRM
Implementing AIRBM project, learning international good practices
Cooperating with many international organizations in all water sectors
DWIR also still need to improve its capacity
Needs to develop many technically strong organizations for WRM
Myanmar is on the right way for water management
36
Thank you very much for your kind attention !