Ministry of Irrigation - DWRI

Ministry of Irrigation

Department of Irrigation

Irrigation Management Division

System Management and Training Program

FINAL REPORT

On

Functional Status and Performance Evaluation

of

Kankai Irrigation and WUA Systems Under IMT/IWRMP

(IMT process step-13)

Submitted by:

Mannings Consult Pvt.Ltd.

Kupandole, Lalitpur

Contact no-0977-01-5536981

March, 2018

Functional Status and Performance Evaluation of Kankai Irrigation and WUA Systems Under IMT/IWRMP

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Mannings Consult Pvt. Ltd. ii

Acknowledgements

We express our earnest gratitude to System Management and Training Program (SMTP) for providing

an opportunity to conduct Functional Status and Performance Evaluation of Kankai Irrigation and WUA

Systems under IMT/IWRMP in January 2018.

Many people benefited this study by their acumen and academic contribution. At the outset, we express

our sincere gratitude to Mr. Rajendra Bir Joshi, Chief of SMTP, and Mr. Umesh Kumar Sujakhu, Senior

Divisional Engineer, SMTP who provided both moral and administrative support.

We are grateful to SMTP for entrusting this responsibility and also financing this study. Ms. Sanchita

Kaduwal, Engineer on the SMTP was throughout helpful in supplying us required research materials.

We express our sincere thanks to her.

This study would not have been completed without the active support of officials of Kanai Irrigation

Management Division Office, Jhapa. We express our deep gratitude for providing necessary

information about the project and their kind co-operation regarding this evaluation of the system. The

consultant also expresses its thanks to WUA personnel and key informant farmers who directly and

indirectly cooperating to accomplish this evaluation.

Lastly, the Mannings Consult extends its sincere thanks to the study team for their hard work, sincere

dedication and commitment to accomplish this study.

Mannings Consult Pvt. Ltd.

Kupandole, Lalitpur

March, 2018


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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... ii

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. iii

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... vi

List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. vi

List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................. vii

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Subprojects under Component-B ........................................................................................ 1

1.3 Project Objectives .............................................................................................................. 2

1.4 Indicators of Achievements ................................................................................................ 2

1.5 Project Inputs, Activities, Outputs and Expected Outcomes ................................................ 2

1.5.1 Project budget of Component –B ................................................................................ 2

1.5.2 The Activities of Component–B.................................................................................. 3

1.5.3 The Expected Primary Outputs of Component-B ........................................................ 3

1.5.4 The Expected Out Comes ........................................................................................... 3

2 Context of Functional Performance Evaluation (FPE) of KIS and WUA .................................... 4

2.1 Background Features of KIS .............................................................................................. 4

2.1.1 Canal Inventories ........................................................................................................ 4

2.1.2 Headwork and Settling Basin ...................................................................................... 4

2.1.3 Distribution System .................................................................................................... 6

2.1.4 Improvements Works Done ........................................................................................ 6

2.1.5 WUA Features of KIS ................................................................................................ 6

2.1.6 Water Management (Canal Operation and Maintenance) Features in KIS .................... 8

2.1.7 Canal Operation Plan (COP) Preparation and Implementation ..................................... 8

2.1.8 Asset Management Plan (AMP) .................................................................................. 8

2.2 Purpose of Functional Performance Evaluation (FPE)......................................................... 9

2.3 Objectives of FPE .............................................................................................................. 9

2.4 Scope of FPE ..................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Features of Evaluation Team ............................................................................................ 10

2.6 Concept Approach and Methodology of Evaluation .......................................................... 10

2.6.1 Concepts .................................................................................................................. 10

2.6.2 Indicators ................................................................................................................. 11


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2.6.3 Approach and Methodology ..................................................................................... 12

2.6.3.1 Desk Study Approach ............................................................................................... 13

2.6.3.2 Field Study (Primary data collection techniques) ...................................................... 14

2.6.3.3 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 14

2.7 Limitations of the Evaluation ........................................................................................... 15

3 Findings and Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 16

3.1 Performance of Canal Rehabilitation ................................................................................ 16

3.1.1 Adequate Water Flow in the Canals .......................................................................... 16

3.1.2 Control Gates and Water Measuring Structures Functionality.................................... 16

3.2 Performance of Main and Secondary Canal Level Water Management ............................. 17

3.2.1 Performance of Main System Water Management ..................................................... 17

3.2.2 Performance of Secondary Level Water Management ............................................... 18

3.2.3 Tail Enders Response on Improved Water Delivery .................................................. 19

3.2.4 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 19

3.3 Performance of WUA....................................................................................................... 20

3.3.1 WUA Establishment ................................................................................................. 20

3.3.2 Administration and Financial Management ............................................................... 21

3.3.3 Resource Mobilization .............................................................................................. 23

3.3.4 Irrigation Service Delivery to Users .......................................................................... 24

3.3.5 Program Management ............................................................................................... 24

3.3.6 Conflict Management ............................................................................................... 24

3.3.7 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 25

3.4 Performance of Agriculture .............................................................................................. 25

3.4.1 Crop Yield................................................................................................................ 26

3.4.2 Cropping Intensity .................................................................................................... 27

3.4.3 Cropping Pattern ...................................................................................................... 27

3.4.4 Other Tangible Impacts ............................................................................................ 28

3.4.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 28

4 Lessons Learned ...................................................................................................................... 29

5 Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................................................... 30


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Annexes .......................................................................................................................................... 32

Annex-1 Data Summary Sheet (KIS) ........................................................................................... 33

Annex-2 Observations of Canal Structures along MC and BC of KIS........................................... 40

Annex-3 List of Key informants (WUA, Office Staff & Farmers) ................................................ 41

Annex-4 Canal Operation Plan (COP) ......................................................................................... 42

Annex 5 List of Training Accomplished in KIS ........................................................................... 49

Annex-6 Field Photographs ......................................................................................................... 53


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List of Tables

Table 1: Original Scope Subproject information ................................................................................ 1

Table 2: Original Scope Budget Plan ................................................................................................. 2

Table 3: Research indicators ............................................................................................................ 11

Table 4: Sample Design ................................................................................................................... 13

Table 5: Results of COP Implementation in KIS .............................................................................. 17

Table 6: Tail Ender Response on Water Availability ........................................................................ 19

Table 7: Administrative & Financial Records................................................................................... 22

Table 8: Resource collection in various years ................................................................................... 23

Table 9: Yield Data of Main Crops of KIS ....................................................................................... 26

Table 10: Cropping Intensity ........................................................................................................... 27

Table 11: Achieved % Increase of the Major Crops in KIS ............................................................. 28

List of Figures

Figure 1: Canal networks of KIS ........................................................................................................ 5

Figure 2: Organization Chart of KIS WUA ........................................................................................ 7

Figure 3: Bar Graph showing Annual Crop Yield............................................................................. 26

Figure 4: Bar Graph showing Cropping Intensity ............................................................................. 27


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List of Acronyms

AF : Additional Financing (World Bank loan funds made available in early 2014)

AMIS : Agency-Managed Irrigation System

AMP : Asset Management Plan

AO : Association Organizer (Social Worker)

BC : Branch Canal

BCC : Branch Canal Committee

C/R : Cross Regulator

COP : Canal Operation Plan

DIO : District Irrigation Office

DOA : Department of Agriculture

DOI : Department of Irrigation

ESI : Essential Structure Improvements

HA : Hectare

H/R : Head Regulator

IMD : Irrigation Management Division

IMT : Irrigation Management Transfer

ISF : Irrigation Service Fee

IWRMP : Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project

KIMD : Kankai Irrigation Management Division

KIS : Kankai Irrigation System

LRP : Local Resource Persons

MC : Main Canal

M&E : Monitoring and Evaluation

MIS : Mahakali Irrigation System (also “Management Information System”)

MIMD : Mahakali Irrigation Management Division

MSC : Main Secondary Canal


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NIS : Narayani Irrigation System

NIMD : Narayani Irrigation Management Division

O&M : Operation and Maintenance

OPD : Office of the Project Director

PAD : Project Appraisal Document

PDO : Project Development Objective

PIM : Project Implementation Manual

SC : Secondary Canal

SCC : Scheme Coordination Committee

SDE : Senior Divisional Engineer

SIS : Sitagunj Irrigation System (also known as “S9”, a sub-system within SMIS)

SMIS : Sunsari Morang Irrigation System

SMU : Sub-project Management Unit

SSC : Sub-Secondary Canal

TA : Technical Assistance

TA B : Technical Assistance of IWRMP Component B

TOT : Training of Trainers

VC : Vice Chairman

WB : World Bank

WUA : Water Users Association

WUCC : Water Users Coordination Committee


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1 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

The Irrigation and Water Resource Management Project (IWRMP) is financed by the World Bank

(WB), the Government of Nepal (GON), and Water User Associations (WUAs), and is being

executed by Department of Irrigation (DOI). The IWRMP comprises four Components, A through

D:

A – Rehabilitation and Modernization of Irrigation Infrastructure

B – Irrigation Management Transfer Reform

C – Institutional and Policy Support for Improved Water Management

D – Integrated Crop Water Management

1.2 Subprojects under Component-B

Component B phase-1 subprojects started in March 2008 and ended in June 2013. Four of the sub-

systems – Kankai Irrigation Sub-system (KIS), Sitagunj Distributary Irrigation System (SIS) of

Sunsary Morang Irrigation System, Block-8 of Narayani Irrigation System (NIS-8) and Phase-I of

Mahakali Irrigation system ( MIS-I) were initiated in the first phase or as Original Scope (OS)

subprojects of the IWRMP and are at the stage of completion of the other follow up activities like

institutional development and water management which were being carried over the IWRMP-AF

period or till June 2018 .These four sub-systems are located within the four AMIS of Kankai, Sunsari

Morang, Narayani, and Mahakali Irrigation system. These subsystems cover about 22,668 ha of the

irrigation command area transferred to four WUAs.

Table 1: Original Scope Subproject information

Irrigation Systems Sub-Projects Command Area,

(ha) No. of WUAs

Original Scope (phase-I) Subprojects

Kankai (KIS) (total area 7,000 ha) Entire System 7,000 1

Sunsari Morang (SMIS) (total system 62,000 ha) Sitagunj SC 7,800 1

Narayani (NIS) (total area 37,000 ha) Block 8 2,768 1

Mahakali (MIS) (total area 10,800 ha) Stage I 5,100 1

Original Scope Sites Sub-Total 4 Schemes 22,668 4


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1.3 Project Objectives

The overall objective of Component B in KIS is to improve irrigation service performance and

service delivery to users through the completion and consolidation of Irrigation Management

Transfer (IMT) to the Water Users Association (WUAs) of KIS. The component is designed to

address problems exhibited in KIS (Agency Managed irrigation Systems or AMIS) of below

capacity performance, poor O&M, low cost recovery, and inadequate maintenance funds.

1.4 Indicators of Achievements

The PAD 2007 provides several indicators for monitoring the achievements of "Outcomes" (at

overall IWRMP level) and "Intermediate Outcomes" (at Component level). Indicators for

"Intermediate Outcomes" for Component-B are:

Percent of tail-enders reporting improved water availability (relative to baseline).

Percent of WUAs holding regular meetings

Percent of WUAs collecting water charges required for adequate O&M.

Percent of WUAs maintaining appropriate accounts and cash registers.

Percent of delivery points receiving proportionate share of water.

Adequate O&M expenditures by DOI and WUA according to agreed Asset Management

Plans (AMP)

1.5 Project Inputs, Activities, Outputs and Expected Outcomes

To achieve the project out comes Component-B in general budgeted and spent $9.53 in all the 4

subprojects. Apart from this there were consultants input and guidance for qualitative achievement

of the project outputs.

1.5.1 Project budget of Component –B

Table 2: Original Scope Budget Plan

Project Cost Amount (US$)

Total Cost $ 9.53 Million (grant)

Grant Assistant of WB (IDA) $7.27 Million

Investment of GON $1.82 Million

WUA Contribution $ 0.44 Million


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1.5.2 The Activities of Component–B

The major headings of the implemented activities in KIS were as follows:

Completion/consolidation of the Management Transfer Plan, including streamlining and

strengthening of WUAs;

Essential structural improvements;

Repair, upgrading, or procurement of buildings, information systems, transportation,

and maintenance and information technology equipment;

Capacity building of WUAs and the DOI.

1.5.3 The Expected Primary Outputs of Component-B

The followings were the intended outputs to be achieved in KIS;

Efficient and equitable service delivery by financially and institutionally sustainable

WUAs;

Financially and institutionally sustainable WUAs.

Improved physical performance of the irrigation schemes;

Reliable bulk water delivery by the DOI, according to the IMT Agreement with the

respective WUAs.

1.5.4 The Expected Out Comes

The component-B of IWRMP aims to achieve the Project Development Indicators in terms of

outcomes indicators as follows:

Improved irrigated agricultural productivity (Percentage increase in yield and cropping

pattern)

Improved irrigation scheme management

a. % of WUAs whose O and M expenditures is as per agreed AMP,

b. % of water users satisfied with WUA O& M


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2 Context of Functional Performance Evaluation (FPE) of KIS

and WUA

2.1 Background Features of KIS

The Kankai irrigation system irrigates 7000 ha of agricultural land in Jhapa, District. The command

area is circled by the Kankai River in the east, the Khrisna River in the west, the Mahendra highway

in the north and the Indian border in the south.A detailed feasibility study was completed in 1970 by

ADB. The construction was completed in two phases: the first phase was initiated in 1973 and

completed in 1981 and the second phase, to irrigate an additional 3 000 ha, started in 1980 and was

completed in 1991. The irrigation infrastructure was developed for a total of 7 000 ha of land with

the total cost of NRs 310 million, 63 percent of which was from Asia Development Bank loan. The

diversion structure is 126m-long, 1.85 m-high weirs. The canal system consists of a three-tier

network of canals. The main canal length is 34 km with 74 km of secondary canals and 110 km of

tertiary canals. The first 11.5 km reach of the main canal is lined with a design capacity of 10.15

m3/s; the other reaches are unlined and their capacity decreases from 7.25 to 1.75 m3/s. Steel gates

have been built at all off-take points from the main canal and at all tertiary off-takes from secondary

canals.

Irrigation Management Transfer Program under Component-B is in operation to address the

problems exhibited in large public irrigation schemes of below capacity performance, poor operation

and maintenance, low cost recovery and inadequate maintenance funds. The program is financed by

the World Bank, the Government of Nepal and involved Water Users Association (WUA). The

program implementation agreement was signed by WUA and DOI in 31st January 2008 and the first

phase of the program was ended in June 2015. Meanwhile, the World Bank and the Government of

Nepal have signed a new agreement for Additional Financing (AF) for the second phase of the

project ending on June 30, 2018 to support unfinished works.

2.1.1 Canal Inventories

The following sub section deal about available information briefly on canal inventories.

2.1.2 Headwork and Settling Basin

Kankai Irrigation head works structure is a conventional type comprised of a weir, under sluice, and

head regulator structure. The span of the vertical fall type weir is 126m, with a vertical fall of 1.85m

in height. The under sluice has three bays with a total span of 16.5 m width. A typical trapping

structure is built just upstream of the head regulating structure to divert the floating debris in the

river. The location of the headworks structure lies at the foothill of the Churia range just upstream

of the outwash to the Terai plain area. At present the structure is intact and sound. The settling basin

to flush the sediment is built at 1.65 km from the headworks site. The flushing of the sediments is

carried out regularly one day a week to the adjacent SardareKhola.


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The total canal network (refer figure -1) has been divided in to five reaches of main canals. The

extension main canal is considered as Reach-5, and other four reaches of the main canal are

considered in the Phase-I main canal sections. The total length of the Phase-I main canal is 22.4 km

and that of extension main canal is 13.6 km, giving a total length of 36 km. The two main canals are

bifurcated at chainage 9+886 km from the headworks site on the Phase-I main. The Phase-I main

canal bifurcates further down gradient 14.1 km into Reach–3 and Reach-4 sections.

Figure 1: Canal networks of KIS


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2.1.3 Distribution System

In KIS a total of 22 numbers of secondary canals are built, out of which only 17 nos. have their

tertiary system for water distribution. The remaining 5 nos. have not been developed for its water

distribution structures, S-17 to S19 secondary canal have some structures VRB and others, but the

turnout structures are missing. At the S-20 and S-21 secondary canal the earth works only are

complete and no structures are built. Total 86.69 km. Length of the secondary canals were built, with

54 nos. of sub-secondary canals. Total 199 nos. of tertiary canals were constructed with total length

of 110 km. Density of the distribution canal is 28 m/ha, which is in the low level of water delivery

efficiency. The distribution system comprises of 22 secondary, 54 sub-secondary, and 199 nos. of

tertiary canals. Total 86.69 km length of secondary canal and 110 km length of tertiary canals were

constructed.

2.1.4 Improvements Works Done

Major canal improvement works done under ESI can be categorized into following topics:

Canal conveyance capacity improvement works: Canal desilting & reshaping works,

canal bank strengthening works, canal lining and canal maintenance works.

Improvement of supporting structures: Drain inlet, CD works , pipe culverts , gabion

works etc.

Construction & protection works of different structures (Culverts, CD Works) at

different chainage

Construction of other structures: Dhyngrikhola aquaduct repair

2.1.5 WUA Features of KIS

Kankai Water User Association (refer figure-2), Jhapa, consists of three level organizations: Main

Canal, Secondary Canal committee and Tertiary Canal committee (TCC). The WUA of KIS was

formed and registered in 1st December 1993 under the Water Resources Act (1993). It has three

tiered organizations, which are structured as follows:

Water User's Committee (WUC) at the tertiary canal level.

Secondary Canal Committee (SCC) at the secondary canal level.

Main Canal Committee (MCC) to work at the whole system level.

In Kanakai altogether 181 water user committees (upasakha and prasakha) are formed among the

ISF paid and membership holder farmers of the tertiary. In total the 5777 membership holding

farmers participated in WUA formation process.


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Figure 2: Organization Chart of KIS WUA

Water User's Committee (WUC)

The tertiary committee (prasakha and upasakha) is the lowest significant unit of the WUA. These

communities have 7 members having Chairman, Vice-chairman, a secretary, and treasurer and 3

members. There are altogether 225 WUCs.

Secondary Canal Committee (SCC)

WUC tertiary users elect 3 representatives for a BC sabha from each tertiary to form the SCC. 22

SCCs have been formed among the members of the BC sabha. Nine-member BCCs have been

formed for each BC including Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and 5 members.


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Main Canal Committee (MCC)

In total 225 GA members have elected the posts of Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer,

and 10 members of the MCC. The ex–chairman of the WUA also is selected as a member of the

MCC. This makes a total of 15 WUA members that form the MCC.

General Assembly (GA)

The 225 GA members are the sole authorized body represented by the users from the very lowest

level of WUA. It has full power to make and amend rules and regulations regarding the operation

and maintenance of the system including water management.

2.1.6 Water Management (Canal Operation and Maintenance) Features in KIS

For achieving improved water management practices in KIS under Component-B, the following four

outputs are planned: a) Calibrated main canal off takes b) Measured, controlled and scheduled

seasonal bulk water delivery by DOI to all WUA BCs, c) Standard and qualitative irrigation service

delivery to users by WUA and d) Approved AMPs ready for implementation in main canal and

branch canal. For these targeted outputs, the main activities planned for KIS were:

2.1.7 Canal Operation Plan (COP) Preparation and Implementation

For this the following activities were reported to have been completed.

Crop data collection (crop calendar, cropping pattern and cropped area) for all the crops

grown in the command area

Calibration of flow control structures at strategic locations

Gauge painting for water allocation and distribution as planned

Preparation of COP for all season crops

Knowledge and skill development trainings for WUAs and Government staff for

effective implementation of COP

2.1.8 Asset Management Plan (AMP)

In order to ensures smooth canal operation for target water delivery, timely and effective in KIS is

inevitable. For this, the following activities have been completed in KIS.

Collection of inventory of canal systems/subsystems and other assets owned by WUA

under component-B

Preparation of AMP (Asset Management Plan)


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Dissemination of AMP for knowledge and skill development for WUAs and

Government staff for adoption of efficient maintenance practice

2.2 Purpose of Functional Performance Evaluation (FPE)

The main purpose of this study is to identify the general status and assess the performance of the sub

component tasks under component-B, IWRMP in KIS: Rehabilitation, Water management and

WUA development tasks. Any incompleteness of the status and performance recommended by this

study would be implemented in the follow up or regular program of SMTP/IMD.

2.3 Objectives of FPE

The overall objective of the study is to assess the present status and performance of irrigation and

WUA. The specific objectives are listed as below:

To document available inventory and performance of canal networks and associated

water control structures.

To assess WUA functional status and their performance

To assess COP and AMP implementation status and irrigation service delivery

performance

To document past agricultural yield, cropping pattern and cropping intensity in reference

to project M&E document.

Recommend unfinished activities or most critical constrains To WUA function with

solution for strengthening capacity of WUA.

2.4 Scope of FPE

The scope of evaluation study is limited to Kankai Irrigation Sub System, 7000. The functional

evaluation part of this study was focused on different aspects as listed below

Physical Aspect (Canal and Water management Systems)

This aspect will cover the study of following parameters;

Canals: Functional status of main canals, branch canals and tertiary canals and their

water conveyance performance including available physical inventories also.

Existence and performance of concerned key water control structures in Main canal and

Branch canals.

Water management (Canal Operation (COP) and Maintenance/ Asset Management Plan

(AMP) status

COP and AMP development, dissemination and adoption; Water allocation and distribution

procedure at main, secondary and tertiary level; Water availability and extent of water accessibility


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to tail end users; Operation and maintenance practice followed at different level of canals according

to Asset Management Plan.

Institutional aspect

It will cover following parameters: WUA establishment, norms and rules established, Key functions

of WUA and their performance status’; WUA capacity development efforts and status; Extent of

efforts of WUA in resource mobilization; Communication aspects and methods in WUA; Extent of

responsibilities sharing between DOI, WUA and the farmers; Organization, hierarchy and functions

of WUA.

Agricultural aspects

Productivity of main Crops, Cropping Intensity cropping pattern and increase households for

vegetable growers

2.5 Features of Evaluation Team

A three – member team of evaluators a team leader, a sociologist / rural development specialist and

one irrigation management engineer conducted evaluation from January 2018. There were four

elements of evaluation methodology: initial meetings, desk review / study of pre – existing

secondary data and project documents, field visit for primary data collection through interview and

discussion and additional information collection through Technical Assistant Team.

2.6 Concept Approach and Methodology of Evaluation

2.6.1 Concepts

In Irrigation management transfer program under IWRMP three components tasks are of primary

concerned to make project success as follows;

Rehabilitation task

Water management task

WUA development task

When tasks are completed an expected output or a state of completeness is achieved. This state

drives into a certain functions with expected performance or a preset standard. In project logical

frame work, we call it intermediate outcomes also. There are definite functions (output) that

rehabilitation tasks and WUA development tasks should enable irrigation system and WUA perform

defined functions. The performance standards associated to the key functions of these two unit tasks

are considered in this study as ‘functional performance’ and are measured by the defined attributes

of each function. Whether these achievements have been achieved or still have to be achieved are

the subjects of assessment to SMTP of IMD.


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2.6.2 Indicators

Table 3: Research indicators

Key Functional

Components (Concepts)

Functional Performance (Concept

Indicator Dimensions)

Attributes to be Assessed (Indicators of

Measurements)

Physical-: Canal

rehabilitation

Canal network

improvement

Canal water controlled

structure improvement

Adequate water flow reaching head

to tail.

Canal reshaped to the original section

Canal section improved by… %

controlled & measured water

delivery

Water control structures are complete

and functional.

Adequate water control and measuring

structures built.

Percent of tail Enders reporting

improved water availability. From M&E report.

Water management

(Effective O&M)

Canal operation

Canal maintenance

Controlled and measured bulk

water delivery by project to BC

WUAs.

Calibration at main canal off takes

complete and stations functional.

Cop complete, disseminated and used.

Main system canal operation staff

trained.

DOI /project office maintaining

canal according to main system

AMP.

AMP developed, Approved and

implemented.

Staff trained on AMP

Branch canal WUA maintaining

BC and TC canals according to

BC level AMP.

AMP developed, disseminated and

used.

WUA members trained on canal

maintenance.

WUA is maintaining TC canals.

Institutional (WUA

Development)

1. Established WUA

Office space is available

WUA democratically elected and registered

WUA has logical supports

WUA has rules, constitution and norms.

WUA is organized with their hydraulic

boundary.


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2. Effective administration and financial management of WUA

.

Meeting held regularly.

Decision made collectively.

WAU maintaining financial records.

WUA holds general assembly meeting.

WUA does annual auditing.

WUA resource mobilization is

effective.

WUA is collecting ISF & membership fee

with defined target

WUA mobilized labor for canal

maintenance.

WUA is delivering irrigation

service to users equitably, timely and reliably.

COP is developed.

WUA members are trained on COP.

AMP is developed disseminated and used by

BC WUA.

Increase response of user’s satisfaction on

water availability.

Effective WUA program management

WUA has annual plan for activities.

WUA consists of M&E committee for

program monitoring and evaluation.

Effective conflict management A member or committee is responsible for

conflict management.

Observed cases of resolved conflicts.

Agricultural Aspect Crop production Crop yield t/ha

Cropping Intensity %.

2.6.3 Approach and Methodology

Team Management Approach:

In order to complete the study in line and with quality the following team management approach

was adopted:

Team orientation on concept, indicators, objective and methods of functional evaluation.

Assignment of roles responsibility and tasks

Adherence on work activity plan and schedule.

Submission of draft sectoral report as instructed by team leader.

Discipline wise contribution for check list preparation.


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2.6.3.1 Desk Study Approach

During desk study period several meetings, documents review, secondary data collection, design of

research and check list were completed as explained below.

Table 4: Sample Design

Sampling units Size of sample Characteristics Parameters of interest

1.Project office 5- members

(SDE, Engineers, AO)

Homogeneous Finite Physical aspect &

Water management

aspect

2.WUA 10- members or more

Executive -4

Members-6

From head, Middle & Tail.

Homogeneous Finite Indicators of WUA

functions

3. Branch level users 3 Branch –H-M-T

Respondents accidental

Homogeneous among Branch Canal Finite

Key informant question

4.Observation

a. Canal MC

4 sample, random

Middle-2

Tail-2

Homogeneous Finite

Universe

Condition of water

control structures/

canals of main supply

b. Canal Branch 3 BC –H-M-T

3 Points – H-M-T

In each BC

Homogeneous Finite

Purpose stratified

Functional status and

performance structures in BC

Initial meetings: Several initial introduction and consultation meetings were held among SMTP,

IWRMP and Technical Assistant staff in order to have project overview knowledge and locations of

project documents and information.

Desk Review and study design: The evaluation started with the comprehensive study of important

project documents provided by WRMP. Many secondary information and data such as project

objectives, plan, implementation arrangements, irrigation management transfer process, M&E result

frame work and project component progress were gathered (Annex- for reviewed documents)

Review and collection of pre – existing data: Baseline data, time line data and end line data were

collected from project M&E result frame work attached in progress reports of IWRMP

Sampling design and sample for data collection: Because of the homogenous nature of the WUA

main committee and branch committee respondents as well as that of office staff a non-probability


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sampling or a convenience sampling for population representativeness and for element selection a

purposive sampling technique with restriction is adopted. For the study purpose the following

sampling units with following characteristics are chosen as data source for the study.

Checklists/Questionnaires preparation: After thorough study of the project documents and the

requirement of the performance study objectives a check list was developed after consultation with

the specialist and clients. The check list consisted of Questionnaires on four aspects namely, A:

physical performance aspects: water management performance aspects: WUA performance aspects

and D: agricultural performance aspects. The check list is attached in Annex I.

2.6.3.2 Field Study (Primary data collection techniques)

Field evaluation team collected primary data through different technique such as key informants

(project staff, WUA executives) interviews, focus group discussion, open ended interviews and

discussions.

Key Informants Interviews: Ten questions were asked to Branch WUAs located at head middle

and tail. These answers were analyzed to validate and complement the report.

Focus Group Discussion (FGD): It was held with –WUA main committee, branch committee and

project system management unit staff. Field visits for conformation of data found in project reports

and key information / interviews were made along the canals and WUA office. In order to triangulate

findings, the evaluations team reviewed secondary data collected in the field.

Field Observation: Water management engineer visited main and branch canal for confirmation of

operational conditions of canal structures and canals. Similarly, Sociologist visited WUA offices to

observe office operation facilities, records and logistics used by WUA. Site visits allowed the

evaluation team to confirm data found in project reports and/or from key information interviews.

2.6.3.3 Data Analysis

After editing, sorting and tabulating qualitative and quantitative data, it was tried to generalize to

identify the functional status (outputs) and performance status of the three components of irrigation

management transfer as mentioned earlier. The overall data analysis approach followed was

qualitative methods and quantitative method for deriving information and theories.

Qualitative Method: The analysis focused on the facts and situation of the project, relations

between causes& effects, implementation process and input, output and outcomes, WUA functions

and performance level and attributes relation with indicators.

Quantitative Method: Simple comparison, trend line graph and simple statistic such as mean and

average for agricultural data were used for evaluation and conclusion.


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2.7 Limitations of the Evaluation

The following limitations are realized by the evaluation team

Study period is not sufficient for the required indicator assessment.

Descriptive or qualitative research concept in survey and fact finding enquiries of WUA

functional performance indicators assessment and analysis was applied.

Some degrees of simple quantitative analysis using simple statistics were used for

agricultural and other data.


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3 Findings and Conclusions

3.1 Performance of Canal Rehabilitation

The major works accomplished in system improvement in KIS consists of canal conveyance capacity

improvement and rehabilitation of water control and measuring structures. Upper part of main canal

is lined and lower reach of the canal is earthen where section improvement works were done. Canal

conveyance capacity of S0 to S16 branch canals and head regulators and cross regulators built in

them were completely repaired and made functional. Later during phase-ii part of component- B,

branch canals S17-S12 were improved in shape and for structures up to tertiary canals. Major

activities of ESI works done in these canals were canal lining, disilting , canal cleaning gate

maintenance , tertiary canal extension (S17-S21) and Dhyangri aqueduct rehabilitation. The new

reshaping works of canals S17-S12 was by 100% and in old canals (S0-S16) it was by 20-30%,

Tertiary canal reshaping was not included in the project cost. Respective farmers of the tertiary canal

clean them. There is 110km of tertiary canal having average length of 500meter and discharge of

20- 30lit/sec (Details have been given in section 2.1). After completion of rehabilitation of canal

networks, head regulators, cross regulators, full discharge was available in all secondary canals and

tertiary canals in all seasons. But 4 tertiary canals of S12 are blocked and dis-functional where water

does not pass.

3.1.1 Adequate Water Flow in the Canals

As reported by KIMD staff and WUA main committee members since the start of canal rehabilitation

works in 2010, there was regular canal section improvement, desilting works and canal bank

improvement works in S0-S16 canals. Additionally, secondary canals from S17-S21 also were

repaired and maintained in the second phase of IWRMP. All these activities facilitated uninterrupted

water flow from head to tail in MC, SCs and TCs in KIS. Designed flow easily reaches in all canals

except in 4 tertiary canals of S12.

3.1.2 Control Gates and Water Measuring Structures Functionality

All water control and water measurement structures were

adequately repaired and made functional. A total of 41

numbers of head regulator, 7 cross regulators and around

200 tertiary head regulators were maintained. All water

measuring stations at 22 locations including gauge plates

were cleaned and made readable. Sample checks on HR-

1 and CR-1 at S-1, similar structures at S-9 and S-21

along the main canal conformed the findings from project

staff. Similarly observation at nine location along

secondary canals such as at S-1-T1, S-1-T5, S-1-T8, S9-


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T1, S9-T3,S9-T5,S21-T3,S21-T5 and S21-T8 also validated the responses obtained from WUA

executive committee and project staff. The observations are attached in data summery sheet (Annex-

2).

3.2 Performance of Main and Secondary Canal Level Water Management

The quality of irrigation service committed by the government to provide to users is governed by

the effectiveness of main and secondary level management effectiveness. Therefore, performance

of main system and secondary system is separately discussed in the following sections

3.2.1 Performance of Main System Water Management

The overall results of main system management is reflected by how KIMD delivers irrigation

quantity to SCCs and how well functional the main canal and associated canal control structures

have been maintained. Regarding this, the findings are discussed in the following two subsections

3.2.1.1 Controlled and Measured Bulk Water Delivery by KIMD to BCCs

In order to assess this indicator, three elements such as calibration at BC off takes, COP development

and project staff training are considered for analysis.

Secondary off takes at 22 places have been calibrated. New measured canal discharge delivery is

possible from 22 canal off takes. At Sardare intake, there is calibration station for main canal intake

discharge. In order to deliver bulk water to BCCs, one main canal COP has been developed. COP

has been tried in last year spring and monsoon season. There has been a notable change that occurred

in the crop yields and satisfaction of the farmers. This is shown below:

Table 5: Results of COP Implementation in KIS

S.N Branch

Canals Chairperson Remarks in Water Availability

Remarks on Paddy

Yield

1 Branch

Canal-5

Bhim Prasad Tajpuriya,

Chair Person

(9804924729),

Panchgachhi VDC,

Ward -8

Due to rotation system of 4:4 (4

days on & 4 days off), branch

canals received water in needed

quantity and time. Controlled &

measured water delivery was

applied in our branch

Paddy yield was

better than last years.

this year we

harvested more than

4.5 t/ha


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2 Branch

Canal-6

Gendra Prasad

Rajbansi

(9817969002),

Chairpersons, users of

tertiary canal -5,

Panchgachhi ward -3

Farmers are happy with the

rotation system & scheduling (4:4)

in my branch canal because they

got water in time adequately. We

want this schedule for future also

This year spring

paddy yield

increased more than

4.8 t/ha unlike last

years

3 Branch

Canal-11

Narayan Dhungel

(9815917339)

Chairperson & user of

tertiary canal -11

Though we are at tail, we got better

irrigation service this year four

drafts rotation is good. Our farmers

are satisfied with it. I hope this

system would continue in the fully

years also.

Before IMT spring,

paddy, yield was 3-

3.5 t/ha, after rehab it

increased to 4-4.8

t/ha and with this 4:4

rotation schedule I

harvested 6.3 t/ha in

my field.

Success Story – KIS

Jaya Narayan Dhungel is a farmer of tail-end tertiary branch

canal no. 11 that experienced leakage every year. Five such

KIS tertiary canals never received water adequately. Dhungel

says, “Because of this problem we use to harvest only around

3 to 3.5 t/ha. But after the IMT rehabilitated 50 meters of this

canal by lining, last year I harvested 4.8 t/ha.”(Source: Ninth

Quarterly Report, Sep, Nov, 2017) The trained gate operators of

KIMD operate each BC gates and keep records of water

delivery. Thus, equitable bulk water delivery practice exists in

KIS.

3.2.1.2 Main Canal Maintenance with AMP

KIMD has prepared one main canal AMP with the help of Technical Assistant. The purpose of this

AMP is to ensure annual flow of budged Rs. 25 Million to 30 Million (including head works repair

and staff salary) from DOI so that main canal is maintenance annually to sustainable in quantity.

The budget plan and AMP has been submitted to OPD for approval. It is in the process of approval.

3.2.2 Performance of Secondary Level Water Management

According to irrigation management Transfer Agreement, secondary canal level canal operation and

maintenance lies on the accountability of KIS-WUA (Irrigation Management Agreement Document


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signed between WUA and DOI, 2010). According to the agreement, secondary level WUA has to

deliver received irrigation quantity of water from main canal to users timely, equitably and reliably

by operating and maintaining BCs and TCs effectively and efficiently. To achieve this quality of

irrigation service, WUA- KIS has been assisted in developing secondary level COPs (22) and AMPs

(22). In each branch, canal BCC has formed a technical core committee of three members who will

receive COP and AMP training in order to assist BCC in implementing irrigation and maintenance

schedule to meet irrigation quality service to users. At present, AMP training is not yet given to BCC

technical committee members, although, all 22 CMP is already planned. According to KIMD, this

training will be provided during February or March, 2018. The impact of primary level water

management has been shown in section 3.2.1 and the overall impact of water availability is explained

through the water availability response explained in section 3.4.

3.2.3 Tail Enders Response on Improved Water Delivery

To reflect overall result of KIS rehabilitation and improvement, one of the intermediate indicators

proposed in PAD, WB, 2007 is the water availability percent response of the tail Enders located

along the main canal. Before the start of the project at 2010, tail ender’s water availability response

level was recorded as bench mark was 30% after response analysis house hold survey. IWRMP

continually is surveying the changes on these values annually in order to record probable causes for

the changes through established M&E result frame work report. Based on this report of the past

years, the recorded values are shown in the following table

Table 6: Tail Ender Response on Water Availability

Years Tail ender response in % Benchmark

(%)

Target

2016 60 30% 60%

2017 62

2018 62

3.2.4 Conclusions

After data analysis on each attributes of respective indicators the following conclusions are derived

for canal rehabilitation and water management performance of KIS.

Design discharge can pass from head to tail of MC 22-BCCs and 200-TCCs in accordance to their

respective sectional conveyance capacity. Due to section improvement water control gates (head

regulators, cross regulators, under sluice gates) are in complete and functional status because of

complete maintenance and repair works.


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Main canal water management status and performance is adequate and satisfactory. There is COP

and AMP developed and disseminated. AMP needs to be approved for regular budget flow. There

is measured and control water delivery to each BCCs. BCCs performance on irrigation service

delivery is being elevated intensively after dissemination of 22COPs developed and given to each

BCC. However, already developed BC level AMP has not been disseminated yet. BCC members

and trained 3 persons of water management sub -committee are well aware of the quality of irrigation

delivery service to users.

After proper sectional and conveyance capacity improvement, rehabilitation of canal control

structures and application of main system COP, tail Enders response in % increased from 30% to

60% in 2017-2018.

3.3 Performance of WUA

In order to have comprehensive impressions and facts on performance status and level of WUA and

Kankai Irrigation System, the following major concepts with their indicators and inherent associated

attributes were studied.

WUA establishment

Administration and financial management

Resource mobilization

Irrigation service delivery to users

Program management

Conflict management

3.3.1 WUA Establishment

The associated attributes such as office space, decision

making, democratic election, logistic supports, working norms

and rules and their pattern of organization (hydraulically based

or village based) are assessed in detail under this sub- heading.

Kankai WUA is working in a two-story building with 4 big

rooms with training hall at ground floor. It has other 3

buildings with single story. Altogether, it has 5 Bigha of lland

for work space. The office is located at JanataChowk, ward

no-5, Shirasatari Municipality. WUA main committee has

adequate furniture and office support provided by IWRMP. It

has: steel shelves-25, Table-5 (with computer table), Wooden chair-6, Plastic chair-234, Computer

-1, Xerox-2, Brother printer-1, Acer laptop -1. There is one office secretary employed by WUA for


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office support. WUA has bank account in Excel Nepal Bank, Rastriya Banijya Bank and Nepal

Bank. There is big sign board of WUA in front wall of the office building. WUA has its own letter

pad and stamp for correspondence.

KIS – WUA have been practicing democratic election process based on constitution and WUA

election rules established earlier and hence, continued from the past years. Election starts from the

tertiary level and gradually goes up through branch canal up to main canal level. At tertiary, the

tertiary committee of 7 members are elected by 2/3rd majority of ISF paid general formers. There is

one reserved position for female. Gradually the same procedure is followed up to MCC formation

(refer section 2.4.1 for detail democratic process and representation of women, Dalit and Janajati).

After election first registration of WUA was complete on 2050-08-16 B.S.

KIS-WUA has adequate logistic supports to manage its day to functions. It has motorbike -2,

excavator-1, tractor-1, reaper-1, Xerox machine-1 and one thresher. WUA has mobilized these

equipment for its own users’ purpose and for generating incomes for WUA fund. Excavator is used

for cleaning the canals and tractor is leased on rent for income generation.

WUA has developed adequate rules and norms for institutional sustainability and day to day works.

It has constitution, election rule, finance management rule, administration rule and canal operation

and maintenance rules. The last amendment of the constitution was on 2072 (5thamendment). WUA

has developed norms for leasing and hiring equipment.

There is a norms for ISF un-payers also as follows: A fine of 25 % of ISF due amount charged for

one year delay, 50% fine for 2 years delay payment and validity of membership expires after two

years of delay in payment.

WUA is organized within the hydrological boundary in KIS. Constitution and WUA Organization

and Operation Procedures 2072 guided the process of WUA election. WUA holds election for the

committee organizations such as Tertiary canal Committee (TCC), Secondary or Branch Canal

Committee (BCC) and Main Canal Committee (MCC) within the reach of respective command area

or hydrological boundary.

3.3.2 Administration and Financial Management

In KIS WUA- MCC and BCC meeting is regularly held on the 9th day and 2-7th day of every month

at MCC and BCC offices. Based on the needs, WUA organizes meeting even more than 2-3 times

also. Meeting is held at WUA office and members are invited by phone call or letter or individual

contacts. At TCC level meeting is held as and when needed.


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A democratic and participative decision making

process is followed in WUA. First, agenda for

meeting is prepared at MCC/BCC/TCC and it is

circulated to the participating members by office

secretary. Then, agenda is discussed in the

meeting and decision is kept in minute in the

presence of all members. The minute is circulated

to each concerned committee members. Just it

follows a process chain of agenda preparation -

communication of agenda – discussion on agenda

– decision – keep minute then communication. Generally the chairperson calls the meeting.

In MCC of KIS a subcommittee is formed for annual plan and budget preparation before the fiscal

year. This sub-committee after detail study of requirements and previous records, and discussion

and agreement with other members prepares the plan and submit in MCC for discussion. Then, MCC

put the plan in GA meeting for approval. Finally all budget and plan are passed in GA for the coming

fiscal year. The main budget expenditures headings consists of the following items: staff salary, cost,

electricity fee, election cost and so on. WUA has maintained the following types of financial records

Table 7: Administrative & Financial Records

Administrative Records Financial records

Main committee meeting record Income expenditure records

.Letter outgoing records ISF collection records

.Letters incoming records Membership income records.

Bank records Machine income records

Users Inventory records Subsidiary records

Store stock record Labor contribution records

- Advance payment record

- Audit records

A general assembly of KIS WUA comprised of 225 members. Generally GA meeting is held on

Ashwin to Kartik. But last year it was held on 22th of Poush 2074 B.S. In general assembly, subject

on income and expenditure, next year’s plan, construction completion reports, income statements

and management status of physical assets are put for approval.


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A sound practice of annual auditing exists in WUA. Internal audit committee of three members

selects an experienced auditor. A notice of auditor requirement is posted in public place for auditor

invitation. After receiving application and completing selection process, he/she is appointed by

MCC for 15-30 days. After completing auditing, the report received from auditor is put in MCC and

GA meeting for implementation.

3.3.3 Resource Mobilization

WUA of KIS seems very energetic with high level of WUA functions performer specifically in

resource collection and management. It has identified following source with norms of collecting

them: Irrigation service fee (ISF) at the rate of Rs450/ha/crop except of maize and wheat, tractor

leasing @ Rs 1500/hour to their WUA and Rs 1800/hour for outsiders, excavator leasing @

Rs1800/hour and membership fee of Rs.50/MH and Rs10 for renewal The total target of resource

collection is Rs4300000.00 (ISF +Equipment earning +Labor mobilization).

The main accountability of ISF and other resource collection lies on the accountability of chairperson

of Tertiary and Main canal committee. The main constraints for ISF collection is less water supply

to tail end tertiary canals, might is right policy exerted by rich farmers and no assigned persons for

water distribution at tail specifically in S16-S21 branch canals.

There is an excellent ISF sharing mechanism and norms established in WUA as follows: Tax 10%,

after deducting tax out of remaining 90% amount, ISF collector fee 5%, out of remaining 85% and

assuming it as 100% MCC gets 40%, BCC-20% and TCC- 20%. A norms of penalty to ISF non-

payers are imposed as 25% of total due ISF for one year delay, 50% of ISF for two year delay and

membership validity of such defaulters expires after two years and his membership is not renewed

by WUA. The resource collection status of WUA for the past four year is as shown in the following

table:

Table 8: Resource collection in various years

Years Cash amount (ISF+

others)

Cash and kind

mobilize

% of Target

Rs.4300000

2070/71 2572000 5186000 119%

2071/72 3114000 5423000 125%

2072/73 2474000 5260000 121%

2073/74 2154000 NA

Generally users contribute household labor in the same branch canal that belong to them, but mostly

farmers pay cash to BCC instead of labor at the rate of Rs10/ha on the basis of land ,and then the

BCC maintains the canal. According to the process, the total volume of work is estimated in Rupees


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first; then this amount is divided by the total land of the households, and contribution share per unit

area is assessed.

3.3.4 Irrigation Service Delivery to Users

Branch level committees of KIS – WUA changed traditional practice of water scheduling. According

to one respondent, last year they followed one irrigation schedule of 4-days off and 4-days on

rotation according to COP instead of 6-days off and 6-days on rotation along the main canal reach

rotation. The new practice tested in spring season eased farmers to get more water reliably. To

implement new COP each BCC has kept a committee of three members for COP implement. These

members have been trained on COP. About 156 persons from S0- S11 branch canal committee

members have got training so far on COP. Although, COP at branch canal has not been yet fully

implemented with standards of irrigation service delivery, however, WUA intends to provide

irrigation service timely, reliably and equitably to users. Although, 22 COPs have been developed

and 12 BCC have already received COPs planning is there to train the remaining BCC members

also.

To replace old practice of asset management process a new concept of Assets management plan has

been introduced in KIS - WUA. For this, one AMP for main canal and 22 AMP for 22 BCCs have

been developed. But it is in the process of implementation. An accidental survey with tail ender

farmers revealed that there is increased satisfaction among users compared to before the project

situation on COP implementation practices and water availability in KIS.

3.3.5 Program Management

WUA of KIS prepares a very sound and clear annual work plan once in a year before the Fiscal year

in MCC meeting. After agreement with all the members, the program is passed and is subrritted in

the general assembly meeting which is mostly held in Aswin to Kartik. The important component of

the plan is canal operation and canal maintenance. WUA has a committee of 4 trained members for

program monitoring and evaluation. Generally, this committee monitors main canal water delivery

to BCC in conjunction with Kankai Irrigation Management Division (KIMD) staff. Apart from this

regular canal maintenance, new construction and water delivery activities also are monitored by this

committee. It was reported in the discussion that such program development and M&E practice do

not exist in all most all BCCs. Due to this reasons, effective water distribution and adequate amount

of ISF collection have not been yet achieved as expected through these BCCs.

3.3.6 Conflict Management

This indicator was assessed with four elements: assigned persons or committee for conflict

assessment, types of conflict faced by WUA, process of conflict settlement and evidences of conflict

settlements. During the discussion it was noted that MCC has established a sound system of conflict


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settlement practice. A committee of 4 members including one committee president, one farmer,

specialist (Budhijibi) and one member of BCC.

Generally three types of conflict occurs in KIS – WUA: Conflict in canal bank encroachment ,

mismatch in original canal layout map of canal alignment and field office building belonging to

individual farmers ownership. Once the application for the conflict is received the settlement process

starts with first consolation, negotiation and then it is handled by main committee level with

prescribed WUA norms. No practical evidences were reported except one in one of the BCCs during

land acquisition issue for canal service road widening.

3.3.7 Conclusions

Analyzing all attributes regarding Kankai WUA functional status and performance the following

conclusions are derived:

WUA is well established, perfect and performing satisfactorily in utilizing office buildings and

equipment and other logistic supports in performing its day to day tasks.

Resource mobilization process, practices and effort is at its maximum level generating

maximum cash collection of Rs.3114000 in 2071/72 and cash and kind mobilization by 125%

of the required target of Rs430000.

For equitable and reliable water distribution, MC level one and BC level 22 COPs are ready and

being disseminated. The water delivery performance at main canal is satisfactory and producing

impact on increased response of tail Enders on water availability.

WUA of KIS has established process, committees and tasks assignment to committee in

program planning and monitoring. This committee has monitored construction works and main

canal water delivery work satisfactory, however, there is no such practice in branch canal level

committees.

A committee of 4 persons comprising chairpersons is formed for conflict management.

Consolation, negotiation and settlement by established committee is the basic process of conflict

management in WUA. It is managing conflict through its TCCs and BCCs. In general, WUA of

KIS is at complete functional status and is performing satisfactorily all WUA functions.

However, BCCs are week in program management tasks.

3.4 Performance of Agriculture

During the IWRMP project Initiation period (2007), the poverty reduction strategy plan (PRSP) was

the guiding course for WRMP. PRSP, then recognized that robust agricultural growth is required for

poverty reduction in Nepal. In this context, component B of WRMP was chosen as a mean for

increasing agricultural productivity and reducing rural poverty. The goal set of component- B,

IWRMP is to increase agricultural production and cropping intensity through improved irrigation

scheme management. The goal achievement indicators set in term of outcome indicators as written

in Result Frame Work (PAD, 2007), IWRMP are listed below:


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Percent increase in productivity of Paddy, wheat, Maize and Potato crops.

Percent increase in cropping intensity.

Crops yield and cropping intensity data have been regularly reported through M&E result frame

work by components- B /IWRMP. These data were collected from M&E report of IWRMP and

tabulated for analysis as follows:

3.4.1 Crop Yield

IWRMP has considered the main crop (Monsoon and Spring Paddy, Wheat, Maize and Potato grown

in KIS) yields and cropping intensity as prime outcome indicators to measure the Project

Development Objective. Data are analyzed and interpreted with the following tables.

Table 9: Yield Data of Main Crops of KIS

Crop Years Paddy(t/ha) Wheat(t/ha) Maize(t/ha) Potato(t/ha)

Target 3.5 2.8 3.2 14

Benchmark 2.9 2 2.1 10

2014/15 3.7 2-1 3.6 6.8

2015/16 4.7 2.7 4.2 14.3

2016/17 4.8 2.8 4.5 14.3

2017/18 5 2.9 4.7 15.1

Figure 3: Bar Graph showing Annual Crop Yield

As seen in the above chart and table, crop- yields increased gradually against bench mark yield data

in KIS where Irrigation Management Transfer program started in December 2009. Paddy yield

increase from 2.9 ton/ha to 5 ton/ha or the yield increase was even more than the target yield (3.5

ton/ha). Also the Wheat increased from 2ton/ha (benchmark yield) to 2.9ton/ha and Maize increased

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Target Benchmark 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18

T

o

n

/

h

a

Year

Annual Crop Yield of KIS

Paddy

Wheat

Maize

Potato


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from 2.1 ton/ha (benchmark yield) 4.7 ton/ha double of the target yield. Potato yield (15.1 ton/ha)

also increased over benchmark yield (10 ton/ha).

3.4.2 Cropping Intensity

Cropping intensity of four consecutive years are tabulated for analysis as shown in Table-10

Table 10: Cropping Intensity

Crop Year Cropping Intensity %

Target(2018) 205

Bench mark2008 168

2014/15 200

2015/16 247

2016/17 253

2017/18 262

Figure 4: Bar Graph showing Cropping Intensity

The above table and bar chart shows cropping intensity in KIS command area gradually increases to

262% over bench mark cropping intensity data (168%).

One of the major reasons of increase of cropping intensity is due to the gradual increase in the water

delivery in measured and controlled way to branch canals. Farmer response (60%) on water

availability also justifies the reasons of increase in the cropping intensity.

3.4.3 Cropping Pattern

The following types of cropping pattern is reported in KIS

“Paddy-Wheat-Maize/Oilseed/Potato-spring paddy”

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Tgt 2018 B M 2008 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18

%

Years

Cropping Intensity %


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3.4.4 Other Tangible Impacts

As reported by the farmers of BCCs vegetable grower households are increasing year by year. At

present the number has reached around 400 households.

3.4.5 Conclusions

Agricultural productivity indicators which increased gradually meeting the target indicators are the

project development objective (PDO) outcome indicator of component – B, WRMP. Percent

increase over targeted %of increase is quite encouraging in KIS. The main reasons for the increase

in productivity can be attribution to application of Canal Operation Plan (COP), Asset Management

Plan (AMP) and irrigation canal network rehabilitation activities. The % increase over bench mark

data as reported from M&E report and PAD, 2007 is as shown in the following Table;

Table 11: Achieved % Increase of the Major Crops in KIS

Crops Target Yield(t/ha)

Target % increase over

bench mark

Achieved % over bench

mark

Bench mark yield t/ha

Paddy 3.5 31 72 2.9

Wheat 2.8 40 45 2

Maize 3.2 52 106 2.1

Potato 14 40 51 10

In KIS % increase on cropping intensity over bench mark is 56 % and over the target cropping

intensity (2008, PAD 2007) is 34 %. The contributing factors for this increase are; Scheduled

irrigation practice according to (COP), trained WUA members and reshaped canal conveyance

capacity. Thus, the agricultural project development outcome indicators have been achieved in KIS.


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4 Lessons Learned

The following lessons and best practice are derived from this study from KIS.

a. Main canal system management with an objective of equity and reliably of buck water

delivery to branch canal committee contributes to increase water availability to tail Enders.

For this, main system off takes is calibrated, COP and AMP are used and operating staff are

trained.

b. Application of COP and AMP in secondary level followed with training to BCC members

adequately on irrigation and maintenance schedule contributes to water saving and changes

the traditional attitude of farmers over existing irrigation practices.

c. For institutional sustainability of WUA, the best practice is to establish WUA with adequate

office space, furniture and office accessories, logistics and heavy equipment support for

canal maintenance, unanimously developed constitution, working rules and norms.

d. For financially sustainable WUA, ISF, Equipment lease and membership fee are the reliable

sources of income. More and more users’ financial supports are obtained if financial

transaction is made transparent to users and quality of irrigation service to users are ensured.

e. Equipment management with internal control and leasing norms can be economic source for

raising WUA income.

f. A committee of 3 to 5 trained members with established process and penalty norms is basic

requirements for effective irrigation conflict management.

For the increase percentage of main crop productivity and cropping intensity in KIS, the following

attributes can be accounted for or in other words for an effective irrigation management transfer

program with an outcome/goal of crop productivity increase the following elements should not be

avoided.

a. Canal network conveyance capacity improvement through reshaping and rehabilitation.

b. Repair or rehabilitation of water control and measuring structures making functional.

c. Application of COP and CMP at main and secondary system management.

d. Strengthening adequately WUA and project staff capacity for irrigation management

functions.

e. A clear and transparent objectives setting of irrigation service quality and standard of

irrigation service to users.


FINAL REPORT


5 Conclusions and Recommendations

a. Rehabilitation of Canals and Structure:

Main canal and branch canals (S0-S22) of KIS were reshaped, disilted and lined in order to improve

canal conveyance capacity that resulted to adequate discharge flow in the canals. All nonfunctional

water control gates were repaired and made functional.

b. Main System Water Management:

Kankai irrigation management division staff are operating main canal using main canal COP to

achieve equitable and controlled bulk water delivery to BCC. Trained gate operators maintain water

measurement through calibrated stations. AMP is developed but not implemented yet. Therefore, it

is recommend that MC level AMP budget recommended is approved by DOI and implemented from

this year.

c. Secondary Level Water Management:

Each BCC through its trained water distribution committee members intends to distribute water

timely, reliably and equitably .For this, 22 BCCs have one COP in hand provided by KIMD. There

is also 22 AMPs developed but not used yet. Therefore, it is recommended that it should be

disseminated to BCC members and its sub-committee members as soon as possible for

implementation.

d. WUA Establishment and Administrative Functions:

WUA main office is adequately established for performing required WUA functions. It has adequate

office space, logistics, working institutional rules and norms, stationaries, stamp, letter pad and

WUA employed office secretary, office and an excavator driver with helper.

e. Program Management:

Very satisfactory program planning process exists in WUA main committee. The subcommittee

consults members, past planning effects and results, and identifies requirements to be included in

the plan. However, such program management activities including M&E activities were not reported

in BCC. Therefore it is recommended that program planning and M&E capacity development

training need to be provided to BCC members.

f. Resource Mobilization:

Irrigation service fee, equipment leasing, membership collection are the key source for cash

resource. Equally, labor contribution and cash contribution separately from users in BCC are quite

prevailing practice for branch canal maintenance. WUA has established a norms for sharing the


FINAL REPORT


amount collected form ISF. The cash collection in 2070/71 was Rs.3114000 against the target of

Rs.4300000 and the cash and kind mobilization was worth Rs540000 about 125% of the target.

g. Irrigation Service Delivery to Users:

BCC level members and its sub-committee members have acquired capacity for applying COP

which is already developed for each BCC. The members know that objective quality of irrigation

service delivery timely, reliably and equitable to users. AMP also is ready, but it has not been

available to BCC yet.

h. Conflict Management:

Very effective conflict management system exists in KIS-WUA. A committee of 4 persons chaired

by committee chairperson has been formed. Although conflicts like canal bank encroachment, wrong

canal alignment and conflicts over government owned building occurred, the WUA became able to

settle with the process of consolation, negotiation and committee settlement.

The committee members who were trained on conflict settlement process lost election. New

members are there in the committee. Therefore, a refresher conflict management training for this

committee members including 22 vice-chairman is recommended


FINAL REPORT


Annexes


FINAL REPORT


Annex-1 Data Summary Sheet (KIS)

Part -1 Physical Performance

Performance

Indicators

Response Summary

Adequate water flow

Adequate water flow reaching head to tail.

100% flow during monsoon reaches tail part of Main ,Secondary and Tertiary

canals

In winter and spring also water reach up to the tertiary levels.

4 tertiary of S-12 are damaged and blocked, hence water doesn’t flow in those

canals

S17-S21 is fully reshaped and 100% functional and flow reaches there

a. Canal reshaped to

the original section

S17-S21 are fully reshaped including its tertiary

Main canal is lined so has not got any notable reshaping work.

Lining, desilting, c anal cleaning , gate maintenance, tertiary extension were all

relevant activities were carried out in S17-S21

DhyangriKholaaquaduct rehabilitation

b. Canal section

improved by…

%

Almost improved by 100% in S17-S21 and by 20-30% in S0-S16

Satisfactory improvements in other sub secondary canals where rehabilitation

was carried out

2. Water control structures and water measurement structures functional

Schedule wise delivery according to COP

Canal or gate operator distribute water following the scheduled routine.

Water is distributed on equity basis in measured way.

Water control

structures are

complete and

functional.

structure Number status

HR 41 (rehabilitated) ALL good and

functional

CR 7 (rehabilitated) ALL good and

functional

Other HR Equal to number of branches

and tertiary

All good and

functional

Other HR Equal to number of branches and tertiary

Adequate water

control and

measuring structures

built.

1.9 require number of HR,CR and flumes are built in S17-S21 branches and in

their tertiary canals

1.10 SAMPLE OBSERVATION (Annex-2)

Percent of tail Enders

reporting improved

water availability.

(from the M and E

report)

Years % response of the farmers

May, 2016 60 %

May, 2017 62 %

January,2018 62 %


FINAL REPORT


Controlled and measured bulk water delivery by project to BC WUAs.

Yes, according to COP and the norms.

Calibration at main

canal off takes

complete and stations

functional.

All 33 stations (main and branches ) are well calibrated and completely functional

Tertiary of S-12 are damaged and blocked by local people and hence not gauged.

Trained gatekeepers keep BC water delivery records.

COP complete,

disseminated and

used.

MC level COP is complete , well disseminated to all the project staff

MWUA=MCC

Cop is effective, it was tested in monsoon and spring season paddy

All users are satisfied with COP results of water availability and schedule

Main system canal

operation staff

trained

ALL 12 canal operator are well trained according to Main canal COP for water

delivery.

Other WUA members of the MCC and some members of BCCs are also trained

2 SMU engineers also are trained

DOI /project office maintaining canal according to main system AMP.

Maintenance as per required in the Intake & main canal according to exiting practices

Large scale maintenance and repairmen is carried out by office

AMP developed,

Approved and

implemented.

AMP has been developed but not yet implemented by project asit has not been

approved yet.

So it is not implemented yet. It is with OPD in the center and is in the process of

approval

Annual budget proposed is Rs……..

Staff trained on AMP

Developed and hence training is carried out for gate operators and main WUA

members

Branch canal WUA Operating and maintaining BC and TC canals according to BC level COP and AMP.

Irrigation Service

Delivery by WUA to

users

COP application is being initiated in all MCC,BCC and TCC

Almost all BCC Members are trained on COP

Delivery concept is equity, timely as sufficient water is available in the source

Delivery is completely with COP and user are totally satisfied with COP schedule.

BC Subcommittee of 3 members are formed for service delivery from BCs

according to COP.

AMP developed,

disseminated and

used.

AMP is developed well but not disseminated yet

WUA members

trained on canal

maintenance.

SMU is in the process of organizing AMP dissemination trainings At BC level

A 3 days training on COP was held once for MCC members.

At BC level it is not disseminated yet

WUA is maintaining

TC canals.

TCC and SCC of WUA and individual farmer jointly carryout maintenance work.

Each SCC mange BC level maintenance themselves.

Larger scale TC maintenance is done by TCC and minor are carried out by farmers


FINAL REPORT


Part -2 WUA performance

Indicators Response Summary

WUA Establishment

Office space is

available

Sufficient space is available for office as they have in total of 5kattha land

Location: Shivasatasi Metropolitan, ward no.5, janata chok.

Total 4 buildings: Two story building (1 No) for office with 4 rooms, other 3 are

1- story buildings. Steel shelves- 25 out of which 6-7 are frequently used, Table -

5 including computer table, wooden chair 6,plastic chair-234, computer-1,Xerox-

2,brother printer -1,Acer laptop-1

Bank account in i)Excel dev. Bank ii)RBB and iii)Nepal Bank Ltd.

WUA democratically

elected and

registered WUA has logical supports

WUA registration date- 2050/08/16

All election are fully with Democratic election process.

At tertiary: for election minimum of 66% user must involve in election.

1 women(usually treasurer) is compulsory in any committee

Membership to participate in election is provided to only ISF payer.

Only general member and ISF payer can vote.

225 GA member vote for MCC executives

Logistic supports: motorbike-2 (old), excavator-1, tractor-1 (sonalika), reaper-1,

zero tillage machine-1, thresher-1

WUA has rules,

constitution and

norms.

WUA has rules and norms (constitution 2072), Last amendment on 2072(5th

amendment).

Rules on election, planning exists

WUA administration and all WUA members are responsible to follow constitution

Penalty system for late payer exists: 25% of ISF for 1 year delay, 50% of ISF up

to 2 years, validity expires after two years and membership has to be renewed.

Norms are developed after serious discussion in WUA and are based on needs.

WUA is organized with their hydraulic

boundary

Boundary is fixed in accordance with constitution and irrigation area

b. Boundary is separated according to designed command area, only respective

users are allowed to use the water from that Tertiary

BC level boundary is also fixed according to design service command area


FINAL REPORT



Effective administration and financial management of WUA.

Meeting held regularly.

At least 1 meeting per month usually 9thday of particular month

BCC meeting usually 2-7th of the month all regular

TCC meeting is held as per required

2-3 meetings may be organized according to need

Meeting is announced by either secretory or president of respective committee

Self-attendance is compulsory of user on specified date of meeting

Invitation for meeting is through phone call, letter and individual information

whatever is easiest.

Decision made

collectively.

Agenda is prepared in the meeting of MCC, meeting is called by chairperson

Agenda is discussed in all MCC,BCC & TCC and finally approved

Minuting is done in the presence of all the member of each committee and their

agreement, discussed in MCC then sent to GA

Decision- final decision after every one agree.

WAU maintaining

financial records.

Financial planning is prepared by planning sub -committee after detail study of

requirement and previous records in the agreement with the agreement of all

respondents

If any amendment required, it is through GA.

All budget are passed through GA

Staff salary, vehicle maintenance cost, meeting expenditure, transportation cost,

agricultural equipment buying cost, electricity fees, election cost etc. are

included in financial planning.

WUA holds general assembly meeting.

GA meeting is held annually

Total 225 GA member

Last GA meeting of 22th of Poush 2074 BS.,usually in Ashwin or Kartik

ISF collection, future planning for financial resources management, repair and

maintenance, physical infrastructure, resources management etc. are put in GA

WUA does annual

Auditing.

Auditing every year by hiring the experienced auditor by Internal audit

committee.

Internal audit committee is established with 3 member

Auditor is hired for 15-20 days based on experience

All the recommendation are implemented as much as possible.

Recommendations are put in GA and implemented after discussion


FINAL REPORT


Part 3 WUA resource mobilization


Effective Resource Mobilization

WUA is collecting ISF

& membership fee with

target

Rs.450/ha/crop except maize and wheat is ISF rates

Tractor lease @Rs.1500/hr for SCCs and for other @Rs 1800/hr

Excavator lease @1800/hr

Membership fees @Rs.50/member and Rs10/year for its Renovation

ISF target – Rs.4300000.00

Highest ISF collection – 16lakhs 52 thousand /year in fiscal year 073/74

Other years satisfactory ISF collection

Resource sharing: Tax-10%,Out of remaining 90% ,ISF collector fees-15%, Out

of remaining 85%assuming it as 100%, MCC-40%, BCC-20%, TCC-20%

Penalty for not payers or delayed payers exists : 25% of ISF for 1 year delay,50%

of ISF up to 2 years, validity expires after two years and membership has to be

renewed as penalty

Main accountability of ISF collection –chairperson of respected committee or

member to whom responsibility is given

WUA mobilized labor

for canal maintenance.

Insufficient maintenance amount is equally divided to all users according to their

land size.

The cash is paid by farmers @ Rs 10/Katha for maintenance

Users are mobilized in cleaning tertiary canals

WUA is delivering irrigation service to users equitably, timely and reliably.

Irrigation service delivery in accordance with BC level COP

Service quality in terms of equity, timeliness and reliability

COP is developed.

22 COPs are developed, are effective are preferred by users

COPs are for Up to all BCC and TCC

Training is being conducted for BCC and TCC members.

WUA members are

trained on COP.

BCC members already trained for S0-S11

Planning is done to train remaining BCC in February 2018

AMP is developed

disseminated and used by BC WUA.

One AMP is developed only for MCC

22 BCC level AMPs have been developed but not disseminated yet.

No BCC and TCC member are trained on AMP

Increased response of user’s satisfaction on

water availability.

Increased satisfaction

All users’ satisfaction level is raised compared to past


FINAL REPORT


Effective WUA program management

Annual plan is prepared by MCC members with project staff

Meeting is held for annual plan

Approved in the agreement of all MCC members.

BCC members do not have program planning system

WUA has annual

plan for activities.

Staff salary, vehicle maintenance cost, meeting expenditure, transportation cost,

agricultural equipment buying cost, electricity fees, election cost etc. are included in

financial planning,

Plan for Canal operation and maintenance, water delivery system

Are included.

WUA consists of

M&E committee for program

monitoring and

evaluation

M&E committee of 4 members consists

Other members are well trained in this committee

Canal maintenance, construction works and water delivery is monitored by the

committee,

Effective conflict management.

A member or

committee is

responsible for conflict

management.

Conflict management committee exists. It consists of 1 committee president,1

farmer, 1 specialist (Buddhijibi) and other few member of BCC

But new members are not provided with training

Conflict in the issue of land: as design map and existing alignment at various section

don’t match.

Conflicts arise when farmers plough land up to edge of bank and canal gets narrowed

Conflict in the name of BCC office building, as people claimed that building as

private property. Previously the land had been donated and the building was

constructed with the cost of KIS project.

Process of settlement: Individual consolation, negotiation or otherwise evaluation by

MCC and settlement is according to norms

Observed cases of resolved conflicts.

Not available


FINAL REPORT


Part 4 Agricultural Performance

Main crop yields (From M and E

report)

Crop Years Paddy(t/ha) Wheat(t/ha)

Target 3.5 2.8

Benchmark 2.9 2

2014/15 3.7 1-Feb

2015/16 4.7 2.7

2016/17 4.8 2.8

2017/18 5 2.9

Cropping Intensity

(From M & E report)

Crop Year Cropping Intensity %

Target(2018) 205

Bench mark2008 168

2014/15 200

2015/16 247

2016/17 253

2017/18 262

Cropping Pattern Paddy-wheat-maize/oil seed/potato-spring paddy

Ashwin month -potato mostly

Increase in vegetable growers

About 400 HHs grow vegetables in the system

Highly attracted towards vegetable farming due to water availability

and increased yield in winter.

Key informants Responses (BC level WUA)

Water is sufficient up to tail of tertiary in monsoon but, during winter and spring,the tail reach

receive -insufficient water.

Almost all tertiary of branch canal are functional and almost all can flow water efficiently.

But there is problem of illegal taping of water by head users.

Little but not sufficiently getting irrigation water in spring. Spring paddy is also cultivated in

the field but its yield is low comparatively.

Well known about COP and its importance. (4-4 ) days routine of water delivery in each

branch is managed in COP but implemented effectively.

Maintenance work is carried out jointly by farmers and TCC.

The yield of almost all crop has increased in all seasons

huge change in water availability, timely available but not sufficient throughout the year

WUA main committee prepares carryout major co-ordination between the branch committee

and monitor the equity water delivery.


FINAL REPORT


Annex-2 Observations of Canal Structures along MC and BC of KIS

Canals/

Locations

Structures

assessed Functional Status (complete and functional)

Main-1(S-9) INTAKE Complete and well functional, good painting, well gauged, no rusting

Head(-S-1 ) HR1 complete and functional, little rusted, gauged, good greasing, painting is old,

CR1 with 2 control gates, well gauged, painting is old,debris deposition

Middle(S-9) HR complete and functional, little rusted, well gauge reading, paint is faded and old

CR Complete and functional, well paint and good gauged

Tail(S-21) HR complete and functional, good gauged, Good paint, good greasing

CR complete and functional, no painting, no greasing, rust affected

Branches-3 Nos.

1. S1

Head (S1-T1) tert.HR complete and functional, no gauge, corrosive ,no greasing, poor paint

Middle(S-1-

T5) tert.HR

Functional & complete, but has no gauge, no proper greasing, no paint, high rust,

high debris deposition, small wear in gate with small holes appearance.

Tail(S-1-T8) tert.HR functional, complete, no gauge, no greasing, no paint, high rust, high debris

deposition ,no water flow

2. S9

Head (S-9-

T1) tert.HR

only satisfactory functioning, highly rusted, poor and blur gauge, no greasing, poor

paint ,little wear in the gate plate

Middle(S-9-T3)

tert.HR functional, poor greasing and painting ,blur gauge, debris deposition, high rusting

Tail(S-9-T5) tert.HR functional, poor greasing and painting, blur gauge, vegetative disturbance

3. S21

Head(S21 -

T3) tert.HR Highly rusted, blur gauge, no greasing, just functional only and complete

Middle (S21-T5)

tert.HR well functional, poor greasing and painting, blur gauge, debris deposition

tail(S21-T8) tert.HR complete and functional, old painting and poor greasing


FINAL REPORT


Annex-3 List of Key informants (WUA, Office Staff & Farmers)

KIS WUA Government staffs Key Informant farmers

NAME DESIGNATION NAME DESIGNATION NAME DESIGNATION

Kamal Pd. Bhandari president Mr. Birendra Yadav SDE. Manton Chaudhary Head Reach farmer

Namkal Man limbu vice-president Mr. Lalan Baitha Engineer Gopal Phuyal Middle Reach farmer

Netrapati Pokhrel secretary Mr. Gopal Poudel A.O Kamala Goutam Tail Reach farmer

Suryanarayan Shingh member

Anjana khadka member

UttarkumariDhungel member

Laya pd. Chapagain member

BhishmaBdr.Luintel president- BCC19

Bhakti Pd. Bhandari office manager

Bhawani Pd. Dhungel office staff


FINAL REPORT


Annex-4 Canal Operation Plan (COP)

Main Canal Operational Schedule at Sardare Intake for winter Crops in KIS. For Monsoon period it is Continuous Flow

Parent canal Sardare Intake Command Area, Ha 6950

Chainage 0+000 Cropped Area, Ha 3764

Name of canal offtake Main Irrigation Canal, MIC Irrigated Area, Ha 3764

Name of Chairperson Suryanarayan Singh Tajpuriya Operational Group

Name of Gateoperator Santa Lawati Design Discharge, l/s 10150

Start of Irrigation Dose End of Irrigation Dose Dose Period Discharge per dose U/S head underflow

SIC Groups

Date Day Date Day Days l/s cm

2015/12/06 6:00 AM Sunday 2015/12/11 6:00 PM Friday 5.50 586.5 32 S0 to S12

2015/12/11 6:00 PM Friday 2015/12/13 6:00 AM Sunday 1.50














FINAL REPORT


Start of Irrigation Dose

End of Irrigation Dose

Dose Period Discharge per dose

U/S head underflow

SIC Groups Start of

Irrigation Dose

End of Irrigation Dose

Day Date Day Days l/s cm Day Date







2016/03/06 6:00 AM Sunday 2016/03/09 6:00 PM Wednesday 3.50 1156.9 49 S0 to S12

2016/03/09 6:00 PM Wednesday 2016/03/11 6:00 PM Friday 2.00 1348.5 54 S13 to S21














FINAL REPORT


Branch (BS1) Canal level Canal Operation Schedule Plan, KIS

sGsfO{ l;+rfO{ k|0ffnL (KIS), u}F8], emfkf

d'n l;+rfO{ gx/ (MIC) k|0ffnL

cf=j=: 2074÷75

-aiff{ ck'u_ gx/ ;+rfng tflnsf- wfg afnL -k|yd kl/If0f_

Kof/]G6 Sofgn M MIC l/r 1 sdf08 If]q, x]= 460

Rofg]h M 5+650 afnL If]q, x]=

gx/sf] gfd S1 l;+rfO{ If]q, x]=

zfvf÷pkzfvf cWoIfsf] gfd M emlgGb| e6\6/fO{ ;+rfng ;d'x

u]6 ck/]6/sf] gfd M ;Togf/fo0f rf}w/L

l8hfOg axfj,

ln=÷;]= 851

l;+rfO{ kfnf] ;'? ldtL l;+rfO{ kfnf] clGtd ldtL

l;+rfO{

cjwL jxfj k|lt l;+rfO{

u]6

dfyLsf]

kfgLsf]

x]8

zfvf gx/

;d'x

zfvf Ans

axfj k|lt

l;+rfO{

ldtL lbg ldtL lbg lbg ln=÷;]= ;]=dL= ln=÷;]=

@)&$÷)!÷#! ^M)) ljxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)@÷)% ^M)) ckx|fGg z'qmaf/ 5.25 59 v'Nnf

T1-1~T1-7; T1-8~T1-11 67

@)&$÷)@÷)% ^M)) ckx|fGg z'qmaf/ @)&$÷)@÷)& ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 1.75 aGb

@)&$÷)@÷)& ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)@÷!@ ^M)) ckx|fGg z'qmaf/ 5.25 59 v'Nnf

T1-1~T1-7; T1-8~T1-11 67

@)&$÷)@÷!@ ^M)) ckx|fGg z'qmaf/ @)&$÷)@÷!$ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 1.75 aGb


FINAL REPORT


@)&$÷)@÷!$ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)@÷!& ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 59 v'Nnf

T1-1~T1-7; T1-8~T1-11 67

@)&$÷)@÷!& ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)@÷@! ^M)) laxfg cfOtaf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)@÷@! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)@÷@$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 691 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 785

@)&$÷)@÷@$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)@÷@* ^M)) laxfg cfO{af/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)@÷@* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)@÷#! ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 691 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 785

@)&$÷)@÷#! ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)#÷)$ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)#÷)$ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)#÷)& ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 691 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 785

@)&$÷)#÷)& ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)#÷!! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)#÷!! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)#÷!$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 691 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 785

@)&$÷)#÷!$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)#÷!* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)#÷!* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)#÷@! ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 449 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 510

@)&$÷)#÷@! ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)#÷@% ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)#÷@% ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)#÷@* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 449 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 510

@)&$÷)#÷@* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)$÷)! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb


FINAL REPORT


@)&$÷)$÷)! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)$÷)$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 449 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 510

@)&$÷)$÷)$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)$÷)* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)$÷)* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)$÷!! ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 449 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 510

@)&$÷)$÷!! ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)$÷!% ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)$÷!% ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)$÷!* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 449 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 510

@)&$÷)$÷!* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)$÷@@ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)$÷@@ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)$÷@% ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)$÷@% ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)$÷@* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)$÷@* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)$÷#@ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)$÷#@ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)%÷)$ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)%÷)$ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)%÷)& ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)%÷)& ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)%÷!! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)%÷!! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)%÷!$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)%÷!$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)%÷!* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb


FINAL REPORT


@)&$÷)%÷!* ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)%÷@! ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)%÷@! ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ @)&$÷)%÷@% ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)%÷@% ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)%÷@* ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)%÷@* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)^÷)! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)^÷)! ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)^÷)$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)^÷)$ ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)^÷)* ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)^÷)* ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)^÷!! ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ 3.50 361 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 410

@)&$÷)^÷!! ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ @)&$÷)^÷!% ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)^÷!% ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)^÷!* ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ 3.50 373 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 424

@)&$÷)^÷!* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)^÷@@ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)^÷@@ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)^÷@% ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 373 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 424

@)&$÷)^÷@% ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)^÷@( ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)^÷@( ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)&÷)! ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ 3.50 373 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 424

@)&$÷)&÷)! ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ @)&$÷)&÷)% ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb


FINAL REPORT


@)&$÷)&÷)% ^M)) ckx|fGg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)&÷)* ^M)) laxfg a'waf/ 3.50 373 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 424

@)&$÷)&÷)* ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)&÷!@ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

@)&$÷)&÷!@ ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ @)&$÷)&÷!% ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ 3.50 373 v'Nnf

T0-1~T0-7; T0-8~T0-11 424

@)&$÷)&÷!% ^M)) ckx|fGg a'waf/ @)&$÷)&÷!( ^M)) laxfg cfO{taf/ 3.50 aGb

S1 Ans sf] nflu MIC af6 zfvf÷pkzfvf gx/x?sf] ;d"x

d"n gx/

l/r ckm6]s Rofg]h

gx/sf]

gfd

sdf08

If]q,

x]S6/ l8hfOg axfj

1 5+650 S1 460 851

1 6+619 T0-1 63 83

hDDff 523

gf]6 M olb slDtdf ! xKtf ;Dd !) ld=ld= eGbf a9L lg/~t/ aiff{ ePdf gx/df x'g] axfjnfO{ 9f]s] ;+/rfgfaf6 lgoGq0f ul/G5 .

;DalGwt zfvf gx/x?sf] pkzfvf cfp6n]6x?sf] kfnf] / axfj ;DalGwt zfvf gx/xdf x'g] sdf08 If]qsf] cg'kftdf x'g]5 .

;DalGwt zfvf gx/sf] axfjnfO{ To; cGtu{t k|zfvf gx/x?sf] em'08 agfO{ ;dosf] kfnf]df afF8kmfF8 ug'{kg]{5 .


FINAL REPORT


Annex 5 List of Training Accomplished in KIS

S.N. Subjects Target/ Groups Participants Venue Date Resource Persons

Female Male Total

KIS: Training Activities

1. Orientation workshop on IMTP (II pkgs) WUA, SMU 0 660 660 Panchgachhi, other sites 2009/10 OPD, SMU, SAHARA

2. Office management and record keeping training (4 pkgs)

WUA 0 100 100 Panchgachhi, other sites 2009/10

3. Orientation on ISF collection, Inventory collection (7 pkgs)

WUA 0 175 175 Panchgachhi, other sites 2009/10

4. Participatory M&E (2 days)

WUA NA NA NA- Panchgachhi, other sites 2009/10

5. Orientation on IMT program (WUA S0 to S16) WUA, Div. staff NA NA NA Panchgachhi 2010/11

6. Resource collection and mobilization (6 pkgs) WUA 0 180 180 Panchgachhi, Topgachi& others

2010/11

7. Study and observation tour program WUA 4 26 30 MIS & Panchakanya 2010/11

8. Constr. Mgmt.. & quality control (3 pkgs) WUA 8 79 87 Panchgachhi 2010/11

9. Office and record management (2 pkgs) WUA 4 50 54 Panchgachhi 2010/11

10. Computer basic training WUA 1 7 8 Shivgunj 2010/11

11. Basic account record keeping (4 pkgs), 2 days WUA 11 89 100 Panchgachhi& other places 19-26/4/2011 Sr. Accountant, WUA member

12. ISF collection and management (4 pkgs), 3 days

WUAs 19 83 102 Panchgachhi& other places 4-21/5/2011 AE, AE, TA-B

13. Mid-term progress review workshop WUA 02 44 46 Panchgachhi 19/5/2011 A, AEs

14. Women empowerment WUA 22 0 22 Panchgachhi 19-21/4/2011 NGO, WDO, TA-B, AO

15. Workshop training on income generation women members of WUA

WUA 35 0 35 Panchgachhi 12-14/4/2011 NGO, WDO, TA-B, AO

16. Gender awareness & women's participation (3 pkgs)

WUA 75 0 75 Lumle, Pokhara 12-14/6/2011 NGO, WDO, TA-B, AO

17. Study & exposure visit WUA 5 25 30 ChhattishMauja, Rupandehi 19-22/6/2011 AE, AO

18. Structure calibration training SMU – 7

WUA - 10

0 17 17 KIS, Jhapa 14-18/7/2010 TA-B (esp. Dr. KC Prasad)


FINAL REPORT



Female Male Total

19. Study and exposure visit (4 days) WUA female members

30 0 30 ChhattishMauja, Rupandehi 19-22 June,2011 SMU

20. Parcellary map preparation & review training SMU 0 4 4 KIS, Jhapa 25-27/7/2010 TA-B (esp. Dr. KC Prasad)

21. Account record keeping (5 pkgs) WUA – TC 18 104 122 Panchgachhi, Mahabhara &Topgachhi

14-26/3/2012 Acc. officer, EIDD, TA-B

22. Off season vegetables farming (4 pkgs) WUA, female 105 0 105 Panchgachhi 18-21/1/2012 DAD staff, TA-B

23. Construction management and quality control (2 pkgs& 3 days for each pkgs)

WUA members 9 48 57 Panchgachhi and Baigundhara

07-09 & 27-29 Feb, 2012

Irrigation engineer, SMU & TA-B

24. Two days Workshop on WUA Capacity Development and Orientation Related to Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT)

WUA executive members

8 32 40 Panchgachhi 27-28 Jan, 2012 OPD & SMU

25 SEMP preparation and review SMU - - - KIS, Jhapa Jan 2010 - Jan 2011

OPD and subject matter experts

26. One day training of fertilizer management WUA and farmers

184 176 360 WUA office & field May 28 - June 10, 2012

AO, Agriculture – staff trainings from

ICWMP 27. Irrigation Service Fee collection WUA – Sec –

TC – Level 10 64 74 WUA Office 11 – 16 June

2012 TA, AO, SMU staff

28. Training of Trainers (TOT) Training WUA 4 20 24 Bhojpur Hotel, DamakJhapa

15 -27 June 2012

IMD, SMU, OPD, TA-B

29. Study Tour (Central WUA) WUA 4 24 28 Different Districts 5 – 8 July, 2012 Study Tour Guide - AO

30. “Review and Interaction” workshop on Present Status of IWRMP/IMT and WUA of KIS

WUA 4 25 29 Bhojpur Hotel, DamakJhapa

5-6, Dec, 2012 OPD, EIDD #1 Jhapa, TA-B

31. “On and Off Farm Water Management”

Gate Operators, Dhalpas, and Supervisors

3 21 24 Panchgachi, Jhapa 26-28 Dec, 2012 WUA, SMU, TA-B

32. “Water Users Organization Management, Resource Collection & Mobilization”

WUA 4 25 29 Panchgachi, Jhapa 1-2, Jan, 2013, 2012

WUA TOT Trainees, SMU, TA-

B


WUA main committee

4 27 31 Panchgachi, Jhapa 11-13 January, 2013

SMU, TA-B


FINAL REPORT



Female Male Total


WUA branch committees

1 21 22 Panchgachi, Jhapa 5-7 February, 2013

SMU, TA-B

35. “ISF Collection and Management”

WUA branch & tertiary com.

13 68 81 Panchgachi, Jhapa 25 April-03 May, 2013

WUA TOT Trainees

36. “Increasing Awareness” (Chetana Abhibridhi)


87 153 240 8 packages at various locations within KIS

07-16 May, 2013 WUA TOT Trainees

37

ISF collection and management (Two pkgs) WUA branch & tertiary com.

21 29 50 Baigundhura, Jhapa 01-02 June, 2013

WUA TOT Trainees

38 On-the-job training by TA-B staff

SMU and WUA many many many various locations various and ongoing

TA-B National and International staff

39 Study Tour (Central WUA) WUA members 5 25 30 Mahakali Irrigation Systems 30 May-4 June, 2014

SMU staff and WUA members of MIS

40 Structural calibration and water scheduling / COP for monsoon crop season (4 pkgs)

WUA BC/TC members &

dhalpas

13 100 113 Panchgachi, Jhapa 22 - 26 May, 2014

SMU staff and TA

41 Leadership development (3 pkgs) WUA branch committees


WUA TOT Trainees

42 Canal repair, maintenance and construction management

WUA branch committees


WUA TOT Trainees

43 Canal operation schedule development WUA branch committees


WUA TOT Trainees

44 Leadership development (2 pkgs) WUA branch & tertiary com

14 47 61 Panchgachi, Jhapa 14-19 April, 2015

WUA TOT Trainees

45 Basic account record keeping (8 Packages)


58 182 240 Panchgachi, Jhapa 17 May-04 June, 2015

WUA TOT Trainees & account officer

46 Leadership and Good Governance Training WUA Members All Chairmen

3 21 24 Panchigachi, Jhapa 22 Dec to 25 Dec

WUA, TOT Padam Poudel ,Dev Kumar

Basent and Bed NidhiAdhakari,

SAO-GopalPoudel, TA-IDS-2


FINAL REPORT



Female Male Total

47 Conflict Management Training WUA Vice Chairmen

4 23 27 Panchigachi,Jhapa 27 Dec-29 Dec WUA, TOT- Padam Poudel, Dev Kumar

Basnet , SAO GopalPoudel and

TA-IDS

48 IMT Review Workshop Kankai IS 0 22 22 Panchigachi, Jhapa 25 Nov 2015 OPD, SMU, TA-B

49 M&E Training Kankai IS 0 25 25 Panchigachi, Jhapa April 3 to 4, 2016

SMU, TA-B

50 Observation Tour Kankai IS 5 27 32 KIS to Different Irrigation System

May 15 to 21, 2016

SMU, WUA

51 ISF collection administration, 24 events TC committee members newly

elected

24 84 108 Panchigachi, Jhapa Feb19-22, 2017 And SMU TA staff

52 ISF collection and management, 3 events Branch and sub branch level

SEC

7 65 72 Panchigachi, Jhapa April 2-4, 2017 TOT and SAO

53 Irrigation Schedule development 35 80 115 Panchigachi, Jhapa March 24-April 2, 2017

TOT ,IWRMO staff

54 BC COP dissemination BC WUA s (1-11) 156

members

37 114 156 Panchigachi, Jhapa Nov 19-24, 2017 TA/SMU

55 ISF collection and Management WUA Branch committee members

35 215 240 Panchigachi, Jhapa Feb 3-15, 2018 TA/SMU

56 Branch canal level COP dissemination training WUA Branch committee members

51 205 256 Panchigachi, Jhapa Nov 19, 2017- Feb 02,2018

TA/SMU


FINAL REPORT


Annex-6 Field Photographs

HR of S1 canal

HR of S9 canal Diversion gate of main canal


FINAL REPORT


Key interview with farmers FGD with WUAs & office staff

Documents

Ministry of Irrigation - DWRI