Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Department of

Annual Report (2018-2019)

National Mushroom Centre

Royal Government of Bhutan

July, 2019

Royal Government of Bhutan

Ministry of Agriculture and Forests

Department of Agriculture

National Mushroom Centre

Annual Report 2018-2019 1

Table of Contents

Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4

Vision ............................................................................................................................................................ 4

Mission .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

Mandate ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

Organogram .................................................................................................................................................. 5

2. Media preparation and inoculation ........................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Agar media preparation and maintenance of stock cultures ............................................................... 6

2.2 Saw dust media production and inoculation ....................................................................................... 7

2.3 Grain media production and inoculation ............................................................................................. 7

2.4 Mother spawn production ................................................................................................................... 8

3. Spawn supply ............................................................................................................................................ 8

3.1 Shiitake mushroom spawn .................................................................................................................. 8

3.2 Oyster mushroom spawn ................................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Mother spawn.................................................................................................................................... 10

4. Mushroom cultivation ............................................................................................................................. 11

4.1 Shiitake mushroom cultivation ......................................................................................................... 11

4.2 Oyster mushroom cultivation ............................................................................................................ 11

5. Monitoring of mushroom farms .............................................................................................................. 12

6. Wild mushroom collection and identification ......................................................................................... 12

6.1 Wild mushroom strains collected and cultured ................................................................................. 13

6.2 Wild mushroom species domesticated .............................................................................................. 15

7. Mushroom Festival ................................................................................................................................. 16

8. Training ................................................................................................................................................... 17

8.1 Hands on training for the mushroom growers................................................................................... 17

8.2 Awareness program on wild mushroom poisoning ........................................................................... 17

9. Research Activities ................................................................................................................................. 18

9.1 Case study on Wood Log Cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) in Bhutan ............................. 18

9.2 Experiment on re-inoculation............................................................................................................ 18


9.3 Fruiting ability trial on hybridized Shiitake strains........................................................................... 18

9.4 Fruiting trial on hybridized Shiitake strains ...................................................................................... 19

9.5 Experiment on hybridized Shiitake mushroom strains ..................................................................... 19

9.6 Oyster mushroom varietal evaluation trial ........................................................................................ 19

10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 19

Annexure ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

Annex 1. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC .................................................................................. 19

Annex 2. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Bajo ...................................................................... 23

Annex 3. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Samtenling ............................................................ 24

Annex 4. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Wengkhar / Khangma ........................................... 25

Annex 5. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC & ARDCs ................................................................ 27


Acronyms

ARDC- Agriculture Research and Development Centre

DAO- Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer

DHI- Druk Holding and Investment

DoA- Department of Agriculture

DoFPS- Department of Forests and Park Services

FYP- Five Year Plan

MD- Mushroom Development

MoAF- Ministry of Agriculture and Forests

MSPU- Mushroom Spawn Production Unit

NMC- National Mushroom Centre

NBC- National Biodiversity Centre

R&D- Research and Development

REDCL- Rural Enterprise Development Corporation Limited

RMD- Regional Mushroom Development

RNR- Renewable Natural Resources

TCB- Tourism Council of Bhutan


1. Introduction

The National Mushroom Centre is the national coordinating and referral Centre for the

mushroom development program in the country. However, the National Mushroom Centre has

specific roles and responsibility in fulfilling the role of a national coordinating agency as well as

a mushroom development service Centre. To achieve a holistic development in mushroom

program key strategies were developed and addressed through numerous activities both on-

station and field level. Providing technical and input support to clients are major activities

rigorously taken up by the center till date, which includes in situ training of growers with regards

to cultivation and management techniques, support with equipment, supply of quality spawn and

routine monitoring of performances in the field.

The Centre provides direction and guidance to the mushroom development program in the

country concerning mushroom production and collection activities. It also coordinates and guides

the development of annual work plans based on the FYP MD programs and facilitate the

implementation through properly designed implementation protocols (that are verified,

monitored and supported) for the whole MD service system (RMD, Dzongkhag). Moreover, the

Centre represents the MD program at national and international level on issues related to MD

program.

Bhutan treasures a large number of wild mushrooms, many of which are edible ones. It offers an

immense opportunity to domesticate and integrate it in to backyard cultivation, besides breeding.

Therefore, a proper identification and documentation of wild species is routinely carried out by

the center. The marketing of wild mushrooms by the rural people fetches good income

especially with Cordyceps (ophiocordycep sinensis) and Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake). So

the center has given paramount importance to the mushroom commercialization and sustainable

harvesting of wild edible mushroom.

Vision

� To be the center of excellence in mushroom research and development

Mission

� To increase mushroom production to enhance food and nutrition security, employment,

income and livelihood of the Bhutanese population through on-farm mushroom production

and sustainable management of wild mushrooms.

Mandate

� To increase mushroom production for enhancing food self-sufficiency, income and nutrition

security

� To promote organic mushroom production for sustainable agriculture and safe food

� To promote mushroom enterprise development


� To enhance effective and efficient delivery of mushroom services

� To promote environment conservation through sustainable collection of wild mushroom and

management of mushroom habitat

� To study the diversity of wild mushrooms and domestication of potential species

� To create awareness on mushroom poisoning

� To conduct research and generate technology to enhance mushroom production

Organogram

Program Director

Extension

Sr. Mushroom Officer (1)

Sr. Mushroom Supervisor (3)

Laboratory

Sr.

Mushroom Officer (1)


Agriculture Supervisor II (2)

ESP (8)

Wild Mushroom


Administration

Sr. Adm Assistant (1)

Store Keeper (1)

Driver (1)

Messenger (1)


2. Media preparation and inoculation

Media preparation and inoculation is one of the main activities of laboratory section. Agar, grain

and sawdust media are the commonly used medium for propagation of mother cultures, mother

spawn and cultivation spawn. The media preparation and propagation of mushroom spawn is

carried out based on the demand received from the interested mushroom growers from different

parts of the country. The details of media preparation and inoculation activity are presented in

the following section. Sawdust and grain media are prepared for propagation of Shiitake and

Oyster mushroom spawn respectively while agar media is used for culturing of wild mushrooms,

culture. In addition, agar media is used for maintenance of stock cultures.

2.1 Agar media preparation and maintenance of stock cultures

Agar media is used for culturing wild mushroom for domestication, renewable and maintenance

of existing mushroom cultures, preparation of mother cultures and culturing and studying of

diseases infecting mushroom cultures. The mushroom cultures are renewed once in every three

months by sub-culturing on fresh agar media to prevent degeneration and mutation of cultures. In

addition, the agar media is used for isolation and purification of cultures from infection. The

laboratory section has prepared 42.5litres (equivalent to 3,400 petri plates) of agar media and

used for culturing, both cultivated and wild mushrooms, renewable and maintenance of existing

cultures, preparation of mother cultures, sub-culture of different mushroom strains and

mushroom pathology laboratory. During the reporting year culture of 31 mushroom strains were

produced and maintained in the laboratory.

Table 1. Mushroom strains produced

# Common Name Scientific name Variety

1 Shiitake mushroom Lentinula edodes A577

A910

Mori 290

465

H600

2 Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus A11

Bhutan Oyster

BO-I

BOJ

H5

HOY

K2 King-Australia

Oyster Nepal

PBN

K2 Pink Oyster-Australia

Pink Oyster-Thai

PJ

K2 Pleurotus White-Australia


2.2 Saw dust media production and inoculation

The Center collected three truckloads of wood and ground into wood chips for production of

mushroom spawn. While NMC produced 21,723 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn and 393

bottles of Ganoderma mushroom spawn on saw dust media. MSPU, Khangma under ARDC

Wengkhar produced 9,751 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn. NMC and MSPU Khangma

together produced 31,474 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn during the fiscal year 2018-2019.

Figure 1: Saw dust media preparation

2.3 Grain media production and inoculation

The grain media is mainly used for production of mother and cultivation spawn of Oyster

mushroom. During the reporting year, NMC has produced a total of 4,301 bottles of Oyster

mushroom spawn on wheat grain media. A total of 17354 bottles of Oyster mushroom spawn

was produced by NMC and ARDCs (Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar).

K2 QLD-Australia

WO-I

Yellow Oyster-Thai

Yellow Oyster-Gasa

Sajor Caju

King Oyster

3 Ganoderma G.lucidium Ganoderma-Thai

Ganoderma- Wild

Ganoderma-Japan

4 Wood Ear Auricularia polytricha 9606

5 Chestnut mushroom Agrocybe sp. Japan

6 Needle mushroom Flammulina velutipes Gasa

7 Nameko Pholiota microspora Japan


Figure 2: Grain media preparation

2.4 Mother spawn production

Mother spawn is prepared from pure culture propagated on agar medium. While shiitake mother

spawn is prepared on sawdust media, mother spawn of Oyster mushroom and other mushroom

species is prepared on wheat grain medium. NMC supplies mother spawn for both Shiitake and

Oyster mushroom to the spawn units in the ARDCs and the private mushroom spawn producers.

During the fiscal year 2018-2019, NMC has produced 2,214 bottles of Shiitake, 15 bottles of

Ganoderma and 532 bottles of Oyster mushroom mother spawn. In total 2,761 bottles of mother

spawn were produced.

3. Spawn supply

NMC supplies mushroom spawn and facilitates mushroom cultivation in the field. In the recent

past, there has been increase in demand for mushroom spawn is due to the introduction of low

interest scheme loan from REDCL in order to boost the small scale industry and uplift the socio-

economic development of rural community. In addition, there is a good demand for mushroom in

local as well as international market.

3.1 Shiitake mushroom spawn

NMC has supplied a total of 16,499 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn to the Central and

Western region while MSPU, Khangma under ARDC Wengkhar has supplied a total of 3,481

bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn to the Eastern region of the country. In total 19,980 bottles

of Shiitake spawn was supplied in the FY 2018-2019.

From the total production of NMC, 1137 bottles of shiitake spawn were discarded due to over

maturation, infection and damage caused during sterilization. At the end of cultivation season,

NMC had to discard balance stock of 4087 bottles of shiitake mushroom spawn as some of the

clients (both loan and normal) could not arrange the logs for mushroom cultivation on time.


Figure 3: Emptying / discarding of excess Shiitake mushroom spawn

Table 2. Shiitake mushroom spawn supply

Sl. No. Dzongkhag Quantity

(bottle)

1 Chhukha 2880

2 Gasa 960

3 Lhuentse 700

4 Mongar 1060

5 Paro 2664

6 Pemagatshel 557

7 Punakha 1760

8 Samdrup Jongkhar 42

9 Thimphu 3893

10 Trashigang 857

11 Trashiyangtse 265

12 Trongsa 1083

13 Tsirang 362

14 Wangdue 2149

15 Zhemgang 748

Total 19980


3.2 Oyster mushroom spawn

NMC supplied a total of 3,818 bottles of Oyster mushroom cultivation spawn while. ARDCs

(Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar) supplied a total of 8776 bottles of Oyster mushroom spawn

during this fiscal year. NMC and ARDCs supplied a total of 12594 bottles of Oyster mushroom

spawn to clients across the country.

Table 3. Oyster mushroom spawn supply

3.3 Mother spawn

The production and supply of mother spawn of different mushroom species to the mushroom

units under ARDCs and private spawn production units is one of the activities of NMC. During

the fiscal year 2018-2019, NMC produced 403 bottles of Oyster mushroom mother spawn and

2,170 bottles of Shiitake mother spawn. NMC supplied 143 bottles of Oyster mushroom and 30

bottles of Shiitake mother spawn to ARDCs and private spawn producers while 260 bottles of

Oyster mushroom and 2140 bottles of Shiitake mother spawn were used in the Centre for the

production of cultivation spawn.

Sl. No. Dzongkhag Quantity

(Bottle)

1 Bumthang 1407

2 Chhukha 375

3 Dagana 383

4 Gasa 58

5 Haa 32

6 Lhuntse 500

7 Monggar 1087

8 Paro 1124

9 Pemagatshel 60

10 Punakha 970

11 SamdrupJongkhar 234

12 Samtse 17

13 Sarpang 2124

14 Thimphu 1569

15 Trashigang 1320

16 Trashiyangtse 54

17 Trongsa 5

18 Tsirang 480

19 Wangduephodrang 795

Total 12594


4. Mushroom cultivation

The number of market driven mushroom farming is increasing as REDCL is providing financial

aid to farming community in order to boost small scale industry in the country which in return

uplift socio-economic development of rural people, reduce rural-urban migration and solve

unemployment issues among youths. Many people are taking up commercial mushroom farming

as there is more demand both from domestic as well as international markets understanding the

nutritional value of mushroom as people have become health conscious. Mushroom, both

cultivated and wild is an important source of income for rural farmers. Mushroom cultivation has

advantages over other agriculture commodities in terms of land use, labor requirement, return to

investment and nutritive value. The Centre provides mushroom spawn, mushroom cultivation

equipment and technical support to set up mushroom farm in the country.

4.1 Shiitake mushroom cultivation

NMC has facilitated the cultivation of 83,042 logs of Shiitake mushroom in 84 households under

nine Dzongkhags of Central and Western regions while ARDCs (Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar)

cultivated 40,210 billets in Central and Eastern Region. In total, 1,23,252 logs of Shiitake

mushroom were inoculated by 148 households in fifteen Dzongkhags by NMC and ARDCs

(Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar).

Figure 4: Shiitake mushroom cultivation

4.2 Oyster mushroom cultivation

During the reporting year, NMC has facilitated the cultivation of 11,166 plastic bags of Oyster

mushroom. In total 40,817 plastic bags of Oyster mushroom was cultivated by NMC and ARDCs

(Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar) in eighteen Dzongkhags.


Figure 5: Oyster mushroom cultivation

5. Monitoring of mushroom farms

Monitoring of mushroom farms and providing of technical backstopping to the mushroom

growers at regular interval is essential after the cultivation of mushroom. The monitoring visits

are considered as part of hands on training in management of mushroom billets both during

incubation and production periods. The NMC makes an effort to visit each farm once in a month

depending on availability of technical staff, time and mobility. A total of 120 visits to mushroom

farms mostly in the central and western Dzongkhags were made during the fiscal year 2018-

2019. More technical back up would have been desirable but due to lack of pool vehicle, it has

not been possible as desired. This is affecting the productivity of mushroom by the growers,

particularly for new mushroom growers.

6. Wild mushroom collection and identification

The study and collection of wild mushroom is very important for the following reasons which

may not be comprehensive:

1. Inventory of wild mushroom and herbarium development. Not much has been done due to

lack of experienced staff and other required resources. So far only one book has been published

which could include only about 250 species for the reasons mentioned above. In addition the

mushrooms identified in Bhutan need to be confirmed through help of experts and further

analysis (Molecular or DNA sequencing).

2. Besides the need to develop the capacity for the staff in Bhutan, particularly staff of National

Mushroom Centre (NMC), National Biodiversity Centre (NBC) and Department of Forests and

Park Services it is important to record the wild mushrooms of Bhutan. Due to overharvesting of

edible mushroom, deforestation, urbanization and climate change there is a risk of loss of species

and its extinction. Therefore, the collection and preservation of the wild mushroom specimens is

very crucial at this juncture of the development of the country.

3. Mushroom is integral part of the Bhutanese culinary and every Bhutanese is interested to

consume mushroom. This has led to high demand in the market and overharvesting from the

nature. Harvesting and consumption of many mushrooms whose edibility is in doubt or not

confirmed is another issue which needs to be addressed through awareness. Every year there are

cases of mushroom poisoning and once in a while casualties.


As such NMC has been taking up the studies of wild mushroom such as its identification,

edibility and giving awareness to the general public especially the collectors, possibility of

domestication and preservation of the specimens.

A total of 125 specimens of wild mushroom were collected from Genekha, Lamperi, Dochula,

Trashigang Goenpa, Hongtsho, Tshaluenye, Chari, Tango and Chelela by a team of Japanese

experts (Dr. Kazuo Watanabe, JPP Coordinator, Dr. Shuhei Kaneko JPP Expert, Dr. Eija

Nagasawa, Japanese Mycologist, Dr.Yoko Ando, Japanese Taxonomist and LB Tamang) NMC

in August 2018. All the collected specimens were identified by the team.

NMC team collected 76 samples from Ura, Bumthang from 20th

- 25th

August 2018. Dr. Daniel

Wringkler, Mycologist from America along with 16 delegation members joined the NMC team

and helped in identifying some of the wild mushrooms of Ura, Bumthang.

Wild mushroom sector has started the weekly collection of wild mushroom specimens from

Royal Botanical Garden, Wangchutaba in collaboration with NBC to study the mushroom

species in the garden and maintain the record. The study was started from May 2019 and 51

specimens were collected and preserved in the herbarium. The macro and microscopic

identification was conducted in NMC and the specimens are preserved in NBC which will be

used for future references.

Figure 6: Wild mushroom collection and identification

6.1 Wild mushroom strains collected and cultured

During the reporting year NMC collected and cultured 15 strains of different wild mushroom

from the western region.


Table 4.Wild mushroom strains cultured

Sl.

No.

Strain Specimen

number

Remarks

1 Shiitake-Chari base, Thimphu Good and preserved

2 Shiitake-Bjabcho, Chukha Good and preserved

3 Shiitake-Logchina, Chukha Good and preserved

4 Yellow Oyster-Yemina, Gasa Cultivated in on farm

5 Ganoderma-Chari base, Thimphu Cultivated in on farm

6 Nameko-Pelela, Trongsa Good and preserved

7 Heracium erinacium-Genekha, Thimphu Good and preserved

8 Grifola frondosa, Hongtsho, Thimphu Good and preserved

9 Wild mushroom-Yusipang, Thimphu NMC/00910 Good and preserved

10 Schizophyllum commune- Royal Botanical

Garden, Thimphu

NMC/00965 Good and preserved

11 Neolentinus sp.Royal Botanical garden, Thimphu NMC/00944 Infected

12 Lectiporus sp.-Vegetable market, Thimphu NMC/00939 Infected

13 Milky mushroom-Vegetable market, Thimphu NMC/00938 Good and preserved

14 Botton mushroom-Royal Botanical Garden,

Thimphu

NMC/01005 Good and preserved

15 Oyster-Vegetable market, Thimphu NMC/00976 Good and preserved

Table 5.Wild mushroom strains specimen and culture

Strain Specimen photo Culture photo

Na meko-Pelela

Big mushroom-Yusipang

Ganoderma-Chari base


6.2 Wild mushroom species domesticated

Domestication of wild mushroom species is also an important mandate of NMC besides

collection, identification and preservation of the specimens. This reporting year 2 species of wild

mushroom namely Yellow Oyster from Yemina, Gasa was domesticated in Kinz farm in Taba,

Thimphu and Ganoderma was domesticated as on farm in Tshering Dendup’s farm in Shari,

Paro.

Schizophyllum commune- Royal

Botanical Garden

Neolentinus sp.-Royal Botanical

garden

Lectiporus sp.-Vegetable

market

Milky mushroom-Vegetable

market

Botton mushroom-Royal

Botanical Garden

Oyster-Vegetable market


7. Mushroom Festival

The 4th

Annual Mushroom Festival of Geney Geog was held on 15th

and 16th

of August, 2018 at

Geney Zampa with financial support from the Tourism Council of Bhutan. This is the place from

where the ancient trail to Dagana starts from Geney. This place was chosen since last year for the

mushroom festival which has become an annual event. The Annual Mushroom Festival in Geney

geog is being organized by the community of Geney geog in collaboration with National

Mushroom Centre, DoA, MoAF.

Objective of Festival

� To promote conservation of tradition and culture and contribute to the objectives of GNH

� To promote conservation and sustainable harvesting of wild mushrooms especially Matsutake

� To promote income generation through selling of their locally produced products to visitors and

tourists.

� To promote tourism both local and foreigners through the display of folk and mask dances and

traditional cuisine.

� To educate local people on non-degradable wastes impact to the environment

The main reason for the participation of NMC in the festival is to create awareness on

sustainable mushroom harvesting and mushroom poisoning by interacting with the mushroom

collectors and visitors. Different types of mushrooms from nearby forests were collected and the

live samples were displayed with clear identity of each mushroom and their edibility as

Poisonous, Edible, Non edible and edibility unknown. In addition, posters on medicinal

properties of different mushrooms, toxins and symptoms of different poisonous mushrooms and

sustainable harvesting manual were displayed during the festival.


Figure 7: Mushroom Festival

8. Training

8.1 Hands on training for the mushroom growers

NMC provides hands on training to the participants who are involved in mushroom cultivation to

explain the mushroom cultivation process. During the fiscal 2018-2019, NMC provided hands on

training to 191 farmers during mushroom cultivation period in the field to enhance the

knowledge and skills on mushroom cultivation technology. The formal training on mushroom

cultivation technology could not be conducted this reporting year due to non-allocation of

training budget.

Table 6: Hands on training conducted

Sl.No. Topic No. of

days

No. of

participants Dzongkhag

Remarks

1 Hands on training

on Mushroom

Cultivation

Technology during

cultivation period

28 51 Chukha Mushroom growers

5 6 Gasa Mushroom growers

14 24 Paro Mushroom growers

38 66 Thimphu Mushroom growers

13 14 Trongsa Mushroom growers

6 10 Wangdue Mushroom growers

5 20 Zhemgang Mushroom growers

Total 109 191 7

8.2 Awareness program on wild mushroom poisoning

Every year awareness program on wild mushroom poisoning is conducted by disseminating

information through telecast, pamphlets and social media before mushroom season. But still

mushroom poisoning happens every year although some years without any casualty. This year

awareness on mushroom poisoning was conducted in Pachutar, Phuentsholing Gewog under

Chukha Dzongkhag where mushroom poisoning occurred in May 2019 and 16 people were

hospitalized. Nineteen individual were present during the awareness program. NMC also


provided lectures to two batches of De-Suup trainees (32nd

and 34th

batches) on mushroom

identification and mushroom poisoning. Total of 258 De-Suups attended the lecture.

Table 7: Awareness program on wild mushroom

Sl.No. Topic No. of days No. of

participants

Dzongkhag Remarks

1 Sustainable wild

mushroom

management

2 400 Geney,

Thimphu

Mushroom

collectors of

Geney, Thimphu

2 Identification of wild

mushroom and

awareness on

mushroom poisoning

2 400 Geney,

Thimphu

Mushroom

collectors of

Geney

1 19 Pachutar,

Chukha

Locals of

Pachutar

2 258 Tencholing,

Wangdue

2 batchs of De-

Suups (32nd

&

34th

Batch)

9. Research Activities

9.1 Case study on Wood Log Cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) in Bhutan

The case study on improved method of wood log cultivation of Shiitake mushroom is conducted

in three different agro-ecological zones such as: low land, quasi-high land and high land. For low

land, the site was selected in Logchina, Chukha at an altitude of 700 masl, quasi-high land in

Chimipang Royal Project, Lobesa at an altitude of 1200 masl and high land in Shari, Paro at an

altitude of 2300 masl. The study is carried out on 150 logs in each site. Wood logs from

Castanopsis spp. was used in the low land while Quercus griffithii was used in the other two

sites.

9.2 Experiment on re-inoculation

The experiment on re-inoculations of shiitake billets is conducted to study the success rate on re-

inoculation of billets cultivated in the previous year where mycelium run was not good. The re-

inoculation is done on l62 logs at Geney Gewog, Thimphu and also at Bjishigang, Shari, Paro on

162 logs.

9.3 Fruiting ability trial on hybridized Shiitake strains

Hybridization work has been carried out at NMC in 2018 with technical support from JICA

Partnership Program to develop new mushroom strains. Seven hybridized shiitake strains

[Japanese wild shiitake and Bhutanese shiitake (JBS X B465)] were selected based on shape of

colony, density and growth speed of mycelia. The selected strains were inoculated in wood disks

on 24th

January 2018.


9.4 Fruiting trial on hybridized Shiitake strains

Hybridization work has been carried out at NMC in 2018 with technical support from JICA

Partnership Program to develop new mushroom strains. Seven hybridized shiitake strains

[Japanese wild shiitake and Bhutanese shiitake (JBS X B465)] were selected based on shape of

colony, density and growth speed of mycelia. The selected strains were inoculated in sawdust

media on 17/4/2018.

9.5 Experiment on hybridized Shiitake mushroom strains

The on-farm trial on hybridized shiitake strains [hybrids of Japanese wild shiitake and Bhutanese

shiitake strains (JBS X B465)] is conducted at Bjishigang, Shari, Paro and Jimithangkha,

Gasetshogom, Wangduephodrang to investigate its adaptability and productivity.

9.6 Oyster mushroom varietal evaluation trial

NMC has more than 10 different varieties of Oyster mushrooms cultures maintained in Gene

Bank. However, there is no data on morphological characteristics, growth and yield performance

of each variety. Five Oyster varieties were used for yield evaluation on pasteurized paddy straw.

The trial was set up at NMC, Wangchutaba on 19th

April 2019.

The research trials and experiments are ongoing and expected result will be

published/furnished in next financial year.

10. Conclusion

This Annual report attempts to provide information of the Centre highlighting the activities

carried out during the financial year 2018-2019. The Centre could achieve the set target of

producing adequate quality mushroom spawn though proper laboratory facilities are lacking.

Lack of transportation facility is another challenge faced by the Centre which is hampering in

providing timely and efficient services to the farmers especially in monitoring of mushroom

farms.

Annexure

Annex 1. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC

1. Chukha Dzongkhag

Sl.

No

Name Contact

No.

Village Geog No. of

billet

Strain

1 BunapTshering 77217069 Meberi Bjabcho 1000 M290

2 Gopal Darjee 17837439 Tebbjikha Bjabcho 2750 M290

3 JangchukDorji /

ChimiPem

17289545 Sharchub Bjabcho 9400 M290, A577 &

465

4 Karma T Dolma Bjabcho Bjabcho 1000 Nepal spawn

5 Phib Raj Rai 77248894 Dzetokha Logchina 160 M290


6 Sangay 17614639 Mebari Bjabcho 1400 M290

7 Tsagay 17593093 Rinchenling Chapcha 1471 465

8 TsheringLham 17606793 Paga Chapcha 5000 M290 & 465

Total 22181

2. Gasa Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 Chador Mani Khatoe 500 M290 & 465

2 Tashi Ramey Khatoe 250 M290 & 465

3 TsheringZam Khatoe 1000 M290 & 465

4 SonamZam Baychu Khatoe 500 M290 & 465

5 TsheringZam Zamayna Khatoe 1000 M290 & 465

6 Kuenzang T Khatoe 500 M290 & 465

7 Karma Dema Tsherikha Khatoe 500 M290

8 Lhamo Chubdey/Jabes

e

Khamey 320

M290

9 Zam Baychu Khatoe 500 M290

Total 5070

3. Paro Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 ChenchoDorji 77645588 Jabana Naja 5000 A577, 465 &

M290

2 Dem Gatana Luni 600

3 Dema 17392124 Drukgyel Tsento 505

4 Kinley Tshering 17425288 Gatana Luni 1000 M290 & 465

5 SonamDema 17346768 Tsento Tsento 435

6 TandinDorji 17872045 Nemjo Lango 3500 M290

7 TashiGyeltshen 77679339 Shaba Shaba 150

8 TsheringDhendu

p

17337593 Jishigang Shari 1250 M290 & 465

9 TsheringDorji 17112727 Dotey Dotey 2000 M290

10 Tshomo 17643875 Taju Wangchan

g

1344 A577, 465 &

M290

11 Ugyen Dem Gatana Luni 200 465

12 SangayWangmo

c/o RinzinDorji 17606703 Denka Shaba 1935 M290 & 465

13 Tshering 17397484 Duji Dop Shari 400 M290

Total 18319


4. Punakha Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 Chimipang

Royal Project

17990601 Chimipang Barp 1650 M290 & 465

Total 1650

5. Thimphu Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1

AshiTsheringPe

mWangchuck 17757931 Motithang Kawang 183 M290

2 Badhum

77318557

/

77442124 Namseling Mewang 220 M290

3 Chencho 77253674 Kharibji Mewang 400 M290

4 Choden Gidagom Mewang 1215 M290 & 465

5 Choki 17675864 Dechencholing Kawang 1150 M290

6 ChokiLhamo 17767642 Dechencholing Kawang 1200 M290

7

Colonel

KhituDukpa 17604358 Dechencholing Mewang 500 M290 & 465

8

DamchoeLhendu

p/ Karma Choden 17668605

77301842 Ninzerkha Mewang 1500 M290 & 465

9 DashoPalden Jazam Chang 200 M290

10 DawaZangmo 17890098 Woluna Mewang 310 M290

11 DorjiBidha 77230065 Danglo Mewang 250 M290

12 Gyem Phub 17736550 Kabisa Kawang 290 M290 & 465

13

Karma T Dolma Namseling&

Wang Sisina

Mewang 850 Nepal Spawn

14 Kencho 17488885 Wang Bama Geney 700 M290 & 465

15

KenchoGyeltshe

n Wang Bama Geney 350 M290 & 465

16 KenchoLhamo Wang Bama Geney 350 M290 & 465

17 Khandu 17294186 Danglo Mewang 500 M290

18 Khimo 17544783 Chhamina Kawang 3000 M290

19 Kinley Dhendup 77456777 Taba Kawang 4000 M290 & 465

20 Kinley Dup 77263615 Woluna Mewang 310 M290

21 Kinley Yenten 77860248 Gidagom Mewang 666 M290

22 Kinley Zam 17855599 Bjemina Mewang 1000 M290 & 465

23 Kinzang Wang Bama Geney 350 M290 & 465


24 Lhadon 17421465 Wang Bama Geney 700 M290 & 465

25 Phub Dem 17268943 Danglo Mewang 500 M290

26 RinchenKhandu Wang Bama Geney 560 M290 & 465

27

Royal Bhutan

Army Lungtenphu Chang 1000 A577 & 465

28 SherabZangmo

Zatalum/Bjemi

na Mewang 660 M290 & 465

29 SonamZangmo 17820694 Jazam Mewang 1100 M290 & 465

30 TsheringNamcho 77668233 Gidagom Mewang 840 M290

Total 24854

6. Trongsa Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1

Chimi Dem

17253736 Sherubling

Pam Nubi 240 M290

2 ChimiDendup 17685636 Sembjee Nubi 100 M290

3

DorjiGyeltshen

77294705/

17878022 Sembjee Nubi 108 M290

4 DorjiKhando 17875280 Sembjee Nubi 50 M290

5 GyemTshering 77359513 Karshong Nubi 100 A577

6 Jamtsho 77352379 Karshong Nubi 100 A577

7 KelzangJumey 17788243 Gagar Nubi 100 M290

8 Kinley Dorji 77617929 Gagar Nubi 100 M290

9 Lhendup/Yeshi

Dema

17821845 Sherubling

Pam Nubi 190 M290

10

Natshomo

17571262/

17300093 Sherubling

Pam Nubi 200 M290

11

Ngedupmo

Sherubling

Pam Nubi 300 M290

12 NorbuLhadhar 77305927 Karshong Nubi 300 A577 & M290

13

Sangamo

17786005 Sherubling

Pam Nubi 50 M290

14 SonamJambay 17537894 Sherubling

Pam

Nubi 760 M290 & A557

15 SonamTashi 77311689 Karshong Nubi 100 A577

16 Tandin 77305095 Gagar Nubi 100 M290

17 TandinTshewan

g

17461824

Gangphey Langthel 470 465

18 TashiDorji 77401873 Gagar Nubi 100 M290

Total 3468


7. Tsirang Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 Gopi Sherpa Patshaling Patshaling 500 465

2 Passang Sherpa Patshaling Patshaling 500 465

3 YangkuTshering

Sherpa

17616882 Patshaling Patshaling 500 465

Total 1500

8. Wangduephodrang Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 UgyenTshomo 17489895 Jimithangkha GaseTsho

gom

2000 M290 & 465

Total 2000

9. Zhemgang Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 Minjurla 17690196 Dakpai Nangkhor 4000 M290 & 465

Total 4000

Sl.

No.

Dzongkhag No. of

billet

No. of HH

1 Chukha 22181 8

2 Gasa 5070 9

3 Paro 18319 13

4 Punakha 1650 1

5 Thimphu 24854 30

6 Trongsa 3468 18

7 Tsirang 1500 3

8 Wangduephodra

ng 2000 1

9 Zhemgang 4000 1

Total 83,042 84

Annex 2. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Bajo

1. Punakha Dzongkhag

Sl. Name Contact Village Geog No. of Strain


No No. billet

1 Bumpa 17671361 Zowdasa Shenganang 800

2 Karma Tenzin 77110383 Rimchu Kabesa 3000

3 Namgay 17737609 Lakhu Kabesa 500

4 Talo 17833762 Talo Talo 3000

5 Kado/TsheringDorji Dawakha Toewang 500

Total 7800

2. Wangduephodrang Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name Contact No. Village Geog

No. of

billet Strain

1 ChunduTshering 17818598 Tikizampa Nysho 400

2 Dorji Taksha Daga 500

3 Gangla Tongsethang Nahi 500

4 Gup Dep Drang Phobji 500

5 Gyeltshen 77834433 Drang Phobji 500

6 Nachu Tsara Daga 500

7 Phub Gyeltshen Samtengang Nysho 500

8 Phub Gyeltshen Samtengang Nysho 500

9 Sherab 17818598 Chumeythengkha Rubesa 500

10 TsheringDorji 17471403 Rureychhu Daga 500

11 Wangchu Dem Samtengang Nysho 500

Total 5400

Sl.

No. Dzongkhag No. of billet No. of HH

1 Punakha 7800 5

2 Wangduephodrang 5400 11

Total 13200 16

Annex 3. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Samtenling

1. Trongsa Dzongkhag

Sl.


No. of

billet Strain

1 Neddupla 17540078 Sherubling Pam Nubi 220

2 TsheringSamdrup 17770061 Baling Langthel 3180

3400

Sl.

No. Dzongkhag No. of billet No. of HH

1 Trongsa 3400 2


Total 3400 2

Annex 4. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Wengkhar / Khangma

1. Lhuentshe Dzongkhag

Sl.


No.

of

billet

Strain

1 DekiChoden Ladron Jarey 500

2 GyendenJamtsho Dokabi Menji 650

3 TashiYangchen Changkharla Jarey 700

4 UgyenDorji Menji Menji 677

Total 2527

2. Mongar Dzongkhag

Sl.


No.

of

billet

Strain

1 Kidhikhar Central

School Kidhikhar Mongar 506

2 KinzangNamgay Rodaza Mongar 496

3 Kinzang Tenzin Takhambi Tsakaling 330

4 NimaTshomo Shadang Dramedtse 500

5 Pema Lhadon Zangkhar Dramedtse 450

6 Phuntsho Bachha Drepong 500

7 RinzinWangmo Yagpugang Mongar 520

8 Sacha Dorji Tsakaling Tsakaling 900

9 Sangay Tsangzibi Mongar 600

10 SangayDorji Jangdung Saling 750

11 SangayThinley Bumpazor Drepong 500

12 SonamJamtsho Tongseng Mongar 712

13 SonamLodey Takhambi Tsakaling 530

14 TashiLhamo Bachha Drepong 500

15 Tenzin Jamtsho Takhambi Tsakaling 500

16 TsheringPhuntsho Ngyertsi Tsakaling 475

17 Zungkhar Pry.

School Zungkhar Drepong 228

Total 8997

3. Pemagatshel Dzongkhag

Sl. Name Contact Village Geog No. Strain


No No. of

billet

1 DechenZangmo Chhengri Yurung 340

2 Dorji& Group Nyaskhar Chhimoong 500

3 Jigme Wangchuk Yarjaywoong Choekhorling 250

4 LajaWangchuk Chhiphoong Chhimoong 500

5 Majey Yangbari Chhimoong 1500

6 RNR Centre Chhimoong Chhimoong 500

7 SangayChophel Yarjaywoong Choekhorling 215

8 SangayWangchuk Konchhophai Yurung 410

9 SonamDuba Yarjaywoong Choekhorling 300

10 Yurung Central

School Yurung Yurung 361

Total 4876

4. Samdrupjongkhar Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No.

of

billet

Strain

1 SonamLhamo Belamsharang Phuntshothang 360

Total 360

5. Trashigang Dzongkhag

Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No.

of

billet

Strain

1 BamungDeythsne Dekeling Radhi 500

2 ChhimiWangmo Mangdung Kanglung 500

3 Dorji Jamung Bartsham 760

4 DorjiNorbu Janeyma Phongmi 500

5 DupthoZangmo Pangthang Kanglung 500

6 Jatsho Tholong Sakten 300

7 KezangChophel Tholong Sakten 300

8 LekiNorbu Murphi Sakten 350

9 Pema Yangzom Bikhar Samkhar 450

10 PemaYangzom Tholong Sakten 450

11 SangayDorji Mangdung Kanglung 400

Total 5010

6. Trashiyangtshe Dzongkhag


Sl.

No Name

Contact

No. Village Geog

No.

of

billet

Strain

1 LUC Tshendung Yangtse 800

2 SonamCheten Tsangrong Ramjar 520

3 SonamLhundup Tsangrong Ramjar 520

Total 1840

Sl.

No.

Dzongkhag No. of

billet

No. of HH

1 Lhuentshe 2527 4 2 Mongar 8997 17 3 Pemagatshel 4876 10 4 Samdrupjongkhar 360 1

5 Trashigang 5010 11 6 Trashiyangtshe 1840 3

Total 23,610 46

Annex 5. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC & ARDCs

Sl.

No. Dzongkhag

No. of

billets No. of HH 1 Chukha 22181 8 2 Gasa 5070 9 3 Lhuentshe 2527 4 4 Mongar 8997 17 5 Paro 18319 13

6 Pemagatshel 4876 10 7 Punakha 9450 6

8 Samdrupjongkhar 360 1

9 Thimphu 24854 30

10 Trashigang 5010 11 11 Trashiyangtshe 1840 3

12 Trongsa 6868 20

13 Tsirang 1500 3

14 Wangduephodrang 7400 12

15 Zhemgang 4000 1

Total 1,23,252 148

Documents

Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Department of