MINISTERO DELL’ISTRUZIONE DELL’UNIVERSITA’ E

DELLA RICERCA COMMISSIONE EUROPEA

Presenta

Il progetto SAVE MY ENERGY

COMENIUSBIENNIAL PLAN OF EXCHANGE PUPILS And TEACHER

SPECIFIC – OBJECTS

To develop to the acquaintance and the understanding of European the cultural and linguistics diversity and of its value

- To help the young people to acquire the necessary competences of base for the necessary life and competences to the ends of the personal development, the occupation and active the European citizenship.

OPERATED OBJECTS•to improve the quality and to increase to the volume of mobility of the exchanges of students and teaching staff in several the States members

•to improve the quality and to increase the volume of the partenership partenership ones between institutes you drained us of several States members, so as to be involved in combined educational activities at least 3 million students in the course of the duration of the program

•to encourage the learning of modern foreign languages to promote the development, in the field of the permanent learning, of contents, services, pedagogical solutions and innovative praxes base to you on the TIC

•to improve the quality and the European dimension of the formation of teaching

* to improve the pedagogical methodologies and the scholastic management

PREVIEWED ACTIVITY

Mobility individuals: pupils and teacher

* Development of partenership

What’is the problem?

To assure energy, therefore development, to approximately 9 billions of persons, in majority coming from from poor countries, than in the next few years will inhabit the earth

Compatible solution must find one but…..

certainly sustainable

which energy

for a

sostenibile future?

•To share the use of pacific the natural resources in shape

•Cooperation and criteria of common responsibility between countries industrialize and poor countries to you

•To respect the limits biophysicists of the earth

•To invest in new technologies and more efficient systems

A sustainable solution must hold account of various factors, between which:

It must not only hold account that every source of energy introduces benefits but also costs and in economic terms but also in terms of.........

•dangerousness

•territorial Availability

•Time

• Fallen back on the atmosphere• Fallen back on the human health

• Economy and occupation

Elements in order to plan energetic a future Pacific

To know for and against of every shape

To respect ties acclimatizes them

Harmonic development between the people of the earth

Criteria of equal acceptabilities for all the people

Unfortunately energy consumptions put into effect it them do not answer at all to sustainable criteria

In fact, while on the earth enormous amounts of energy are burnt, mostly to use of the progressed countries more, many people do not succeed to satisfy their needs primary

300

2680

700

320 300

1800

300

900

200350

700

270

3000

235

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

nordAmer

Amer lat Euro exUS MedOr Afric Asia

Legenda: populations ; Consumptions of energy

Diagram between populations and consumptions of energy

80% of all the world-wide energy drift from fossil sources (oil, gas, coal), with one stratospheric carbon dioxide production

35

2123,3

6,7

2,4

11,6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

petrolio gas carbone nucleare idroel biomassa

But,.. Our planet has the ability to absorb this enormous carbon dioxide emission, approximately 6140 megatonnellate year, deriving from the emission of the human activities?

The carbon dioxide comes mostly absorbed from the seas, the oceans for 2400 megatonnellata for every year, and from lands emerged (trees, lagos) for approximately 900 megatonnellate for every year, for a total of 3300 megatonnellate

The adverse balance turns out obvious and that is, one is produced to every year advanced carbon dioxide amount regarding the absorbed amount

6140 – 3300 = 2840 megatonnellate (plus of carbon dioxide for every year)

The carbon dioxide is not the only responsible of the effect greenhouse

In fact, other gases greenhouse join to carbon dioxide

GAS SERRA

•Carbon dioxide CO2

• Methane CH4

• nitrogenum dioxide NO2

•Clorofluoro carburo 11 CFC- 11

•Idrogenofluorocarburo HFC -23

•Tetrafluoruro di carbonio CF4

Livelli di concentrazione e persistenza dei gas serra CO2 CH4 NO2

CFC-11

HFC-23

CF4

Pre-rivoluzione ind.le 288 ppmv

848

ppbv

285

ppbv-- -- --

1998 365 ppmv

1745 ppbv

314 ppbv

268 pptv

14pptv 80 pptv

Tasso di crescita annuale 0,45 0,6 0,25

Persistenza media anni 50/200 12 120 45 257 50000

GWP(Global Warming Potential)

1 21 310 4000 11700 6300

The produced quota CO2 every year from the combustion of the fossilie not absorbed from the planet, permane in atmosphere for 50/200 years. The issued CO2 today sum to those emitted yesterday and to that it will be emitted in next the 100 years, data its times of persistence this is the cause of the breathtaking increase of concentration of CO2 in atmosphere

GWP :relationship between the total heating caused in a determined period of time (of usual 100 years) from one particular substance and the heating provoked from the CO2 in the same amount

Gas Concentrazione pre industriale (1860)

Concentrazione nel 2000

Vita media atmosferica (1)

Tasso di crescita(% all'anno) (2)

Sorgenti antropogeniche globali (GWP) a 100 anni (3)

Potenziale di riscaldamento

attuale (Watt/m2) 

Vapore acqueo 

1 ppc 

1 ppc pochi giorni 0.20% Tutte quelle citate sotto 0

CO2288 ppm 370 ppm 50-200 anni 0.45%

Uso dei combustibili fossili (75%), cattiva gestione forestale (n/c), deforestazione (24%), produzione di cemento (0.6%), cattiva gestione dei suoli (n/c)

1

CH4848 ppb 1750 ppb 12 anni 0.60%

Estrazione combustibili fossili (20%), dighe/bacini (20%), digestione del bestiame (18%), risaie (17%), discariche (10%), deiezioni animali (7%), emissioni di monossido di carbonio

23 (62 riferito a 20 anni)

NO2285 ppb 312 ppb 120 anni 0.25%

Cattiva gestione dei suoli (70%), trasporti (14%), processi industriali (7%)

296

CFC 0 533 ppt 102 anni 1% Refrigeranti liquidi, schiume 10600

HCFC 0 142 ppt 12 anni 4.20% Refrigeranti liquidi 1700

HFC 0 12 ppt11 1-264 anni 5.10%Refrigeranit liquidi, sustituti di CFC e HCFC

12000

Perfluorocarburi 0 79 ppt 3200-50.000 anni 1.40%Produzione di alluminio (59%), solventi e altro (26%), incisione al plasma (15%)

5700

Esafluoruro di zolfo SF6

 

0 4,7ppt 3200 anni 6.30%Produzione di magnesio, fluido dielettrico

22200

Trifluorometil-zolfo-pentafluoruro SF5CF3

 

0 0.12 ppt 3500 anni - non noto 17500

Ozono troposferico 

25 ppb 25/26 ppb settimaneNon

identificabileIndiretto, a partire dagli inquinanti industriali

-

Areosol 0 variabilegiorni/settimane (molto variabile)

 

Non identificabile

Uso dei combustibili fossili, combustione della biomassa

-

Directory gas greenhouse, conc., average life, rate increase, GWP, upgrades them heating

370

THE DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF THE ABNORMAL INCREASE OF THE CO2 E' THE CLIMATIC CHANGE THAT, BY NOW, ALL WE PERCEIVE.

THE CHANGE OF THE CLIMATE PRESSING REASON FOR WHICH WE MUST REDUCE THE FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTIONS DRASTICALLY STILL OF THE INCREASE OF THE COSTS AND THE LESSENING OF THE AVAILABILITY

desert

floodings

EVOLUTION OF METHANE

This is the first world-wide animation that extension the course of methane in three years, from 2003 to 2005. Clearly the increase in the boreal regions in summer (from Iup/Ife, Brema/Esa University)

EVOLUTION OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE

Every year great amounts of CO2 come absorbed in spring and summer from the vegetation for being rilasciate in autumn and winter with the fall of the leaves. As an example in Europe in summer the colors of the map become green and blue (low CO2) in order to become yellow-ocher in winter. But for stess the area the CO2 amount increases of the 0,5-1% to the other considering the same month (from Iup/Ife for a year, Brema/Esa University)

LE AZIONI INTERNAZIONALI SUL CLIMA

L’ONU installation the

world-wide Commission for the atmosphere and the development (World

Commission on Environment and

Development - WCED)

1984

Rapporto “BRUNDTLAND” it defines the sostenebile development like "the development that must

answer to the necessities of the present without to

compromise the necessities of the future

generations

L’IPCCit publishes the first relationship on the climate 1990

1987

RIO DE JANEIRO – CONFERENCE OF THE UN ON ATMOSPHERE AND DEVELOPMENT

THEY PARTICIPATE

178GOVERNMENTS

108 STATE HEADS

2400 REPRESENTATIVES OF ORGANIZATIONS NOT GOVERNED TO YOU

(ONG)IT WOULD HAVE HAD TO PRODUCE ONE "PAPER Of the IT WOULD HAVE HAD TO PRODUCE ONE "PAPER Of the TERRA"su WHICH TO FOUND ONE RISEN OF WORLD-WIDE TERRA"su WHICH TO FOUND ONE RISEN OF WORLD-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONSTITUTION BUT LIMITO' INSTEAD ECOLOGICAL CONSTITUTION BUT LIMITO' INSTEAD PRODUCING LITTLE BINDING LEGAL TRANSACTIONSPRODUCING LITTLE BINDING LEGAL TRANSACTIONS

1992

1995

L’IPCC RELATIONSHIP PUBLISHES ITS 2° In WHICH The 2000 SCIENTISTS OF ALL The WORLD WHO HAVE WORKED To YOU SPEAK ABOUT IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS IN ACTION

1997

KYOTO – PRESENT 10000 DELEGATED AND OBSERVATORIES - COMPANY THE IMPLEMENTING PROTOCOL OF THE CONVENTION

THE KYOTO PROTOCOL PREVIEWS

Total heating of the planet indicates objects it to you International for the reduction of gases greenhouse

Al 2012 le emissioni dovranno ridursi in media del 5,2 %rispetto al livello del 1990 (8% Unione Europea; 7% U.S.A. ; 6% Giappone; O% Russia)

Only 39 Countries more develop to you will have to reduce the emissions. The poor Countries are not comprised in the

reductions

The CHOICES Of the EUROPEAN UNION AFTER KYOTO the conclusions of the Council of Ministers of the Atmosphere of the European Union (10 March 2005) and of the Presidency of the European Council (23 March 2005) indicate:

The increase of the medium T must be <2°Cregarding the period pre-manufacturer

The increase of the medium T must be <2°Cregarding the period pre-manufacturer

Emissions of CO2 under 500 ppmv

Emissions of CO2 under 500 ppmv

Reduction CO2 within 2020 of the 15-30% and the 60-80% within 2050 respect parameters of Kyoto

Reduction CO2 within 2020 of the 15-30% and the 60-80% within 2050 respect parameters of Kyoto

Involvement of all the countries, industrializes to you and not

Involvement of all the countries, industrializes to you and not

Kyoto Objective

the 15 countries of the European Union (the first signers to the K.P.) - UE-15, must reduce the emissions greenhouse, in period 2008-2012, of 8% regarding 1990

Forecast EU-15 al 2012

•. With the measures it puts into effect them is previewed to catch up a value of - 1.6% regarding the year base

•With the additional measures it is previewed to catch up a value of -6,8%

•With the flexible mechanisms of the Protocol of Kyoto are previewed to catch up a value of -9,3%

Tabella 1: Emissioni di gas a effetto serra in CO2 equivalenti (a eccezione dei pozzi di assorbimento del carbonio) e obiettivi del Protocollo di Kyoto per il 2008-2012 di alcuni Paesi dell’UE-15STATO MEMBRO 1990

(MILIONI DI TONNELLATE)

ANNO DI RIFERIM.

(MIL. DI TON)

2005

(MIL. DI TON.)

CAMBIAMENTO 2004-2005

(MIL.DI TON.)

CAMBIAMENTO 2004-2005

(%)

CAMBIAMENTO 1990-2005

(%)

CAMBIAM.ANNO RIFER2005

(%)

OBIETTIVO 2008-2012 PROT. KYOTO E CONDIV.ONERI UE - %

GERMANIA 1227,9 1232,5 1001,5 -23,5 -2,3% -18,4 -18,7 -21%

ITALIA 519,5 519,5 582,2 1,7 0,3 12,1 12,1 -6,5

LITUANIA 48,1 48,1 22,6 1,5 7,2 -53 -53,1 -8

OLANDA 213 214,6 212,1 -6,3 -2,9 -0,4 -1,1 -6

UE a 15: Austria, Belgio, Danimarca, Finlandia, Francia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Lussemburgo, Paesi Bassi, Portogallo, Regno Unito, Spagna, Svezia.

What to make?

Objective U.E. within the 2010To produce to 22% of the electric power from sources renewable

Eolico: 15000 MWof new ability to it upsets some eolicheSolare termico:35 milioni di mq. di installazioni

Fotovoltatico: 1500 MWp di installazioni

Mini- idraulico:2000 MW di nuova capacità di mini centrali

Biogas: 6000 nuovi impianti di biogas Produrre il 7,5% di carburanti da biocombustibili

Bioetanolo: quintuplicare la produzione di bioetanolo

Biodiesel: triplicare la produzione di biodiesel

Objective Europa“Like consuming better wasting less”

(Comm.Europea – libro verde sull’efficienza energetica, del 22

giugno 2005)

Greater efficiency in order to reduce of 20% the energy consumptions

Result:

Reduction of the imports; Technological innovation; Creation of workplaces

Renewable and alternatives energy Sources

For energies alternatives we mean all those that do not come from fossil sources like: the oil, the gas, the coal. Between the alternatives the energy can be considered also nuclear that but is not one rinnovabile energy. The rinnovabili energies are all those that derive from sources that they can be considered inexhaustible. Their exploitation does not make to diminish their entity in how much is renewed continuously. One important characteristic of the rinnovabili sources is that they introduce impact acclimatize them negligible, as far as the release of polluting in the air and the water; moreover the engagement of territory, even if immense, is temporary and it does not provoke neither irreversible effects, neither it demands expensive processes of restoration.

Between the energies renewable of it they make part: ,• eolica, •hydroelectric, •geothermal •solar energy, •biomass, •marine energy... even if to think to us are well from before, just from the Sun, that the others derive all.