Mining Industry in India

7/28/2019 Mining Industry in India

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Mining Industry in India - An overview

Minerals constitute the back-bone of economic growth of any nation and India has

been eminently endowed with this gift of nature. There are many evidence thatexploitation of minerals like coal, iron-ore, copper, lead-zinc has been going on in the

country from time immemorial. However, the first recorded history of mining in

India dates back to 1774 when an English Company was granted permission by the

East India Company for mining coal in Raniganj. M/s John Taylor & Sons Ltd.

started gold mining in Kolar Gold Fields in the year 1880. The first oil well was

drilled in Digboi in the year 1866 - just seven years after the first ever oil well was

drilled anywhere in the world viz. in Pennsylvania State, USA in 1859. Mining

activities in the country however remained primitive in nature and modest in scale

uptill the beginning of the current century. Thereafter, with progressive

industrialisation the demand for and hence the production of various minerals

gradually went up. After India became independent, the growth of mining under the

impact of successive Five Year Plans has been very fast. There are ambitious plans

in coal, metalliferous and oil sectors to increase production of minerals during the

8th Five Year Plan and thereafter.

Coal: Deposits & Exploration

Indias major workable coal deposits occur in two distinct stratigraphic horizons -

Permian, commonly known as "Gondwana" coals and the Tertiary. About 99% of the

countrys coal resources are found within a great succession of fresh water sediments.

The major coalfields are represented by isolated basins which occur along prominent

present day river valleys, viz., Damodar, Koel, Sone-Mahanadi, Pench-Kanhan,

Pranhita-Godavari. Nearly 50 coalfields, varying in size from a few km2 to as much as

1500 km2 are known today, barring the small and lenticular occurrences of coal along

the Himalayan foothills.

Coals of practically all ranks occur in India except peat and anthracite. The share of

lignite, however, is insignificant as compared to sub-bituminous and bituminous coal.

Indian bituminous coals are broadly divided into two categories, coking and non-

coking.


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Coal exploration in India even today is largely being carried out by conventional

methods of systematic geological mapping followed by drilling, core drilling playing

a dominant role. However, in the recent times modern exploration techniques like

photo-geology, remote sensing, non-coring drilling, geophysical surveys etc. are being

increasingly used for detailed and precise exploration.

Coal Reserves

The total coal reserves of the country have been estimated from time to time.

*Proved Reserves: In this case, the reserves are estimated from dimensions revealed

in outcrops, trenches, mine workings and boreholes and the extension of the same for

reasonable distance not exceeding 200m on geological evidence. Where little or no

exploratory work has been done, and where the outcrop exceeds one km in length,another line drawn roughly 200m in from outcrop will define a block of coal that may

be regarded as proved on the basis of geological evidence.

* Indicated Reserves: In the case of indicated reserves, the points of observation are

1,000 m apart, but may be 2,000 m for beds of known geological continuity . Thus a

line drawn 1,000 to 2,000 m from an outcrop will demarcate the block of coal to be

regarded as indicated.

*Inferred reserves : This refers to coal for which quantitative estimates are basedlargely on broad knowledge of the geological character of the bed, but for which there

are no measurements. The estimates are based on an assumed continuity for which

there is geological evidence, and more than 1,000 to 2,000 m from the outcrop.

Statewise and depthwise Coal reserves are given in the following table,

In Million Tonnes

State 0-300m 300-600m 600-1200m TotalWest Bengal 11999 8933 4191 25123

Bihar 40079 17626 6666 64371

Madhya Pradesh 32638 7433 14 40085*

Maharashtra 4590 1686 - 6276

Orissa 35015 11167 37 46219

Andhra Pradesh 5245 3876 1717 10838


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North Eastern Region 710 155 - 865

Total 130276 50876 12625 193777

Percentage 67 26 7 100

* includes 1062 Million. Tonnes in UP

The following table gives the Statewise reserves indicating different categories,

State Proved Indicated Inferred Total Percentage

of totalreserve

West Bengal 10590 10867 3666 25123 13

Bihar 28993 28801 6579 64373 33

Madhya Pradesh 9387 20480 9156 39023 20

Uttar Pradesh 662 400 - 1062 1

Maharashtra 3170 1179 1927 6276 3

Orissa 5714 22120 18384 46218 24

Andhra Pradesh 6079 916 3843 10838 5

North EasternRegion

257 149 458 864 1

Total 64852 84912 44012 193777 100

Percentage 33 44 23 100

Thus, Indias total coal resources now stand at a level of a little over 194 billion

tonnes in coal seams of thickness 0.9m and above and upto a depth of 1200m. This is

a little over 1% of the global coal resources. Of the total coal reserves of 194 billion

tonnes, 85% is of non-coking variety and only 15% is of coking variety. Further, 33%

of the reserves fall under Proved category 44% in the Indicated category and 23%

in the Inferred category. The coal occurring between 600m and 1200m depths,

which may be economically tapped for development in future, may be grouped as

"Resources" and the rest as "Reserves".

Lignite Resources

The total lignite deposit of the country is estimated at about 2800 million tonnes, out

of which the major deposit is occurring in Tamilnadu ( 2500 million tonnes). The

remaining lignite deposits are found in Gujrat, Jammu & Kashmir and Rajasthan.

Further exploration activities indicate availability of additional lignite resources in

Rajasthan, Gujrat and Tamilnadu.


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Mineral Resources (Other than Coal & Oil)

India is largely self sufficient in most of the minerals which include barytes, bauxite,

chromite, dolomite, fluorspar, gypsum, iron ore, kyanite, limestone, manganese ore,

magnesite, sillimanite, etc. except the minerals like copper, asbestos, lead and zinc,natural phosphates, sulphur and crude petroleum, in which domestic production meets

the demand only partially.

India is rich in the resources of minerals like iron ore, bauxite, manganese, baryte etc.

It has resources of 12745 million tonnes of iron ore, 2,525 million tonnes of bauxite,

76446 million tonnes of limestone, 233 million tonnes of magnesite, 167 million

tonnes of lead & zinc ore, 70 million tonnes of barytes, 176 million tonnes of

manganese ore and 90 million tonnes of chromite. The reserves of iron ore, bauxite

and manganese accounts for nearly 7 per cent, 16 per cent and 6 per cent respectively

of the total known global resources of these minerals. India possesses the largest

known reserves of barytes in the world.

Oil Resources

India has prognosticated hydrocarbon reserves of more than 17 billion tonnes of

which only about 5 billion tonnes have been converted into geological in-place

reserves. This brings out the magnitude of exploratory efforts still to be carried out.

The proved and indicated balance recoverable reserves of crude oil and natural gas are

given in the table below:

Reserves of Crude Oil & Natural Gas

State Crude Oil Natural Gas

Gujrat 143.02 62.11

Assam, Nagaland &

Rajasthan

124.38 106.27

Bombay High 371.04 411.09

Total (All India) 638.44 579.47

* Crude Oil in million Tonnes, Natural gas in Billion Cubic metre

Operating Mines


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India has a unique blend of big and small, manual and mechanised, opencast and

underground mines. The total number of working coal mines as on date are 572, in oil

sector there are 29 oil projects excluding installations off-shore beyond territorial

waters. As far as metalliferous mines are concerned the number of mines which are

submitting returns stands at about 2,500. However, there are many more mines whichare small in size, seasonal in nature and which are not submitting the statutory returns,

a fair estimate indicates that total number of metalliferous mines are about 6000. Total

workforce of the mining industry in India consists of about one (1) million workers.


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Mining in India: Legacy of the past

Coal mining

The development of coal mining in India was historically linked with the developmentof the railway system. Establishment of the railway lines prompted many companies

to take up mining leases. Large number of mining leases were granted by the

erstwhile Zemindars and Rajahs, the terms of leases and the periods varied, some

being in perpetuity, some for 999 years and other for shorter periods. With the

increasing awareness of the values of the properties, lease periods became shorter and

leased areas smaller. By the end of the World War I the prolification of small owners

became a problem and the coal mines of Raniganj & Jharia came to acquire all the

characteristics which created chronic problems in future years.

From as early as the 1920s, the various consultants, commissions and committees sat

over to decide on the question of conservation and scientific exploitation of coal,

working conditions in the mines and safety of the work persons, and thereby regulate

and control the coal industry in India. All of them emphasised the necessity to have

state ownership of the coal mines. The overall problem of coking coal in India has

been studied in depth by a whole herd of prestigious committees including the Indian

Coal Mining Committee (1937), the Indian Coalfields Committee (1946), the

Committee on Metallurgical coal conservation (1950). The Estimates Committee of

the Lok Sabha (1954-55) took notice of the evidence submitted by different agencies.

The then Coal Commissioner in his evidence to the estimates committee wrote among

other thins.

".............. we will be left with a number of units, which if not affected by underground

fires, and other hazardous conditions, would be uneconomic to work." The architect of

coal nationalisation, the late S. Mohan Kumaramangalam, the then Minister of Steel

and Mines had given a vivid description of the mines of Jharia coalfield in his book

"Coal Industry in India".

"Slaughter mining, lack of conservation and unscientific methods remained

characteristic of large areas of the industry ....................... lack of safety & welfare

measures, robbing of pillar of coal, selectives, seasonal and shallow depth mining in a

haphazard manner, etc. seemed to be the guiding principles of a large number of the

private collieries."


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All these, led to the take-over of coking coal mines on the 16th October, 1971.

Subsequently, these mines were nationalised on the 1st May, 1972 and are now

operated by M/s.Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL). By Coal Mines (Taking over

of Management) Ordinance 1973 the non-coking coal mines were also taken over.

The mines were nationalised on the 1st May, 1973 and brought under the managementof the Coal Mines Authrority Limited (CMAL). Later on the CMAL and the BCCL

were merged and the holding company Coal India Limited (CIL) was formed on the

1st November, 1975.

The beginning of coal mining in Central provinces dates from the year 1862 and in the

Rewa state from 1884. The Singareni field in the Hyderabad state had been discovered

in 1872 and went into production some 15 years later. Appreciable development also

took place in Upper Assam from 1881 and in Baluchistan and Punjab (now in

Pakistan) in the last decade of the 19th century. Bokaro Karanpura areas were first

examined between 1846 and 1848. Development of the Bokaro field commenced in

1915. Production from the Karanpura field did not commence until 1925.

No .of Coal Mines in IndiaCompany Wise as on 31.03.2004

Company No. of Collieries

OC UG Mixed Total

COAL:

1. ECL 18 92 2 1122. BCCL 15 49 16 80

3. CCL 35 22 6 63

4. NCL 8 0 0 85. WCL 33 42 5 80

6. SECL 19 76 2 97

7.MCL 14 9 0 23

8.NEC 2 5 0 7Total CIL

(1 to 8)

144 295 31 470

SCCL 12 55 0 67

BSMDCL 1 0 0 1DVC 1 0 0 1

IISCO 0 1 2 3

JKML 1 3 0 4BECML 1 0 0 1

ICML 1 0 0 1

JSPL 1 0 0 1TISCO 2 5 0 7

TOTAL COAL 164 359 33 556


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LIGNITE:

NLC 2 2

GMDCL 2 2GIPCL 1 1

RSMDCL 1 1

TOTAL LIGNITE 6 6TOTAL COAL +LIGNITE

170 359 33 576

NO OF COAL MINESSECTOR WISE AS ON 31-03-2003

STATES NO OF COLLIERIES

OC UG MIXED TOTAL

COAL PUBLIC 160 354 33 547COAL PRIVATE 4 5 0 9

LIGNITEPUBLIC

5 5

LIGNITE

PRIVATE

1 1

TOTAL 170 359 33 562

NO OF COAL MINESSTATE WISE AS ON 31-03-2003

STATES NO OF COLLIERIESOC UG MIXED TOTAL

COAL:

ANDHRA 12 55 67ASSAM 2 4 6

CHHATTISGARH 12 44 2 58

J & K 1 3 4

JHARKHAND 60 85 24 169MADHYA

PRADESH

18 53 4 75

MAHARASHTRA 28 21 1 50MEGHALAYA 1 1

ORISSA 14 9 23

WEST BENGAL 14 84 2 100

UP 3 3TOTAL COAL 164 359 33 556

LIGNITE:

GUJARAT 3 3

TAMIL NADU 2 2RAJASTHAN 1 1

TOTAL LIGNITE 6 6

TOTAL COAL + 170 359 33 562


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LIGNITE

Metalliferous Mines

At the turn of the century, India produced 14 minerals of commercial value. Now, the

country produces 11 metallic and 45 non-metallic minerals except coal and oil. In

India, production of minerals dates back to ancient times. Remnants of old workings

can still be seen in some parts of the country. In fact, some of these have led to the

discovery of several large mineral deposits which are being worked today like Lead &

Zinc in Zawar, Copper in Khetri, Gold in Karnataka etc. Despite the active past, the

metal mining activities in the country remained dormant over a long period until the

beginning of this century.

Growth of the Industry

The post- Independence era witnessed a massive expansion of exploration activities

through various five-year plans which included the augmentation of mineral inventory

as well as addition of a number of mineral reserves to the existing ones. This took the

country into the realm of plenty in respect of some minerals which were earlier

regarded as scarce.

The search for minerals did not remain only on the land mass alone but extended to

off-shore areas and deep seas. Large reserves of oil were discovered in the off-shore

areas and their exploitation opened up new and exciting vistas in the oil sector thereby

conserving huge foreign exchange reserves. In the Indian Ocean, India has explored

successfully the presence of poly metallic nodules lying on the ocean floor at a depth

exceeding 3000 metres which bear metals such as copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese,

etc.

Keeping with the spirit of Industrial Policy for higher targets of mineral production,the expansion and augmentation of mineral based industry in the country was quite

obvious. Therefore, ambitious programmes were launched to increase the production

of minerals to meet the ever growing demand of the core industries like steel, non-

ferrous metals, fertilisers, etc. keeping in view also the higher exports for much

needed foreign exchange. Many public sector organisations were set up to take up


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exploration and exploitation of minerals and the state assumed direct responsibility for

developing mines of important minerals and establishing mineral based industries.

Thus there were increases not only of minerals but also in the metal production as

well as cement, chemicals, fertilizers and several other mineral based products.

The table below indicates the trend in growth of production of some important

minerals in our country.

Production in M ill ion Tonnes

Year Coal Copper Ore Lead &

Zinc Ore

Iron Ore Limestone Bauxite

1951 34.98 0.37 0.01 3.71 2.96 0.06

1961 55.71 0.42 0.15 12.26 15.73 0.48

1971 75.64 0.68 0.30 32.97 25.26 1.45

1981 127.32 2.01 0.96 42.78 32.56 1.75

1991 237.76 5.05 1.82 60.03 75.02 3.86

1993 260.60 5.15 2.10 63.26 87.72 4.81

1994 267.52 4.78 1.90 64.91 86.77 4.70

1995 284.59 4.77 2.10 73.00 93.64 5.09

1996 304.10 4.75 2.06 71.59 120.87 5.35

1997 316.68 4.26 2.01 78.36 123.56 5.17

1998 319.90 4.38 2.23 77.34 116.61 5.91

1999* 313.55 3.28 3.08 73.05 108.29 5.24

*Provisional

In the last two decades, coal mining has witnessed a phenomenal growth in production

from 70 million tonnes in 1971-72 to 246 million tonnes in 1993-94 and is projected

to touch about 400 million tonnes by the turn of the century.

The strategies adopted for rapid expansion of mining activities include increased

mechanisation, adoption of new technologies & their adaptation under Indian geo-

mining conditions and assimilation of latest scientific innovations in the concerned

areas. However, it has also brought in its wake increased hazard potential posing new

problems of safety management.

The new liberalised industrial policy may lead to high and accelerated growth in

mineral industry to complement and supplement the revival and rapid growth of

national economy. The present day environment demands of us to have a fresh look


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at safety management as a structured process composed of well defined systems that

emphasises continuous improvement in work quality, health, welfare and productivity

of workforce engaged in mineral industry through setting up of improved safety

standards and their effective implementation and administration.

Minerals & Economy

The gross value of mineral production in India in 1995 is estimated to be approximate

Rs.2,70,000 million up from about Rs.1,800 million in 1961, i.e. by nearly 150 times.

Mineral wealth and its exploitation have substantially contributed to the growth of

national economy. The contribution of mineral production to the Gross National

Product went up from 1.02% in 1960-61 to 1.54% in 1980-81. Minerals continued to

play a vital role in Indias overseas trade too.

Employment

With the growth of production, employment in the mineral industry has also grown

phenomenally during the last few decades. The following table indicate the trends:

Average daily employment in Mines ( in '000 )

Year Coal Oil Copper Gold Iron Lime Mang. Mica Stone Others TotalOre Ore Ore Stone Ore Metals

1951 351.9 N.A. 3.7 21.9 20.2 16.0 55.5 25.2 5.1 49.5 197.11961 411.2 N.A. 4.2 16.3 54.5 54.6 46.9 29.6 8.5 45.1 259.71971 382.3 13.6 7.6 12.4 52.8 53.2 30.4 12.2 8.8 57.5 234.91981 513.4 14.5 13.4 12.3 44.9 49.8 26.5 6.7 7.7 60.6 221.91986 543.3 24.9 13.2 11.9 46.6 50.2 17.7 3.3 10.2 68.1 221.21987 549.7 25.9 12.6 11.6 48.8 51.2 17.6 3.3 10.8 69.6 225.51988 537.8 26.6 12.3 10.9 46.0 43.0 17.4 2.8 14.2 60.5 207.11989 548.1 25.2 10.8 10.5 44.5 44.6 16.1 2.9 12.9 62.0 204.31990 549.0 26.9 12.3 9.7 38.1 41.5 17.3 2.3 10.1 58.0 189.31991 554.1 35.5 12.8 9.3 40.1 43.5 17.9 2.2 11.2 63.2 200.21992 552.0 35.7 12.7 9.4 42.0 43.0 18.4 1.6 8.9 67.2 203.21993 546.3 33.5 12.2 7.9 39.8 41.6 18.5 1.5 9.2 68.9 199.61994 523.7 34.3 11.2 7.4 38.5 39.8 18.2 1.7 9.4 65.2 191.41995 513.3 34.0 10.5 7.1 39.6 39.8 18.1 1.8 7.5 64.4 188.81996 506.4 33.4 9.9 6.9 39.2 35.7 18.1 1.2 5.2 60.1 176.31997 503.4 28.6 10.3 6.8 38.6 33.0 16.0 1.2 4.9 61.6 172.41998 491.3 29.5 8.7 6.1 37.3 31.2 15.9 1.1 5.3 59.3 164.91999* 486.7 25.0 7.3 6.1 38.7 30.0 14.8 0.9 4.9 63.0 165.7

*Provisional

Although no firm figures regarding %age of persons employed under contractors in

mineral industry could be ascertained but during the visit of the sub-committee of the

installations in Kalol oil fields under ONGC, it was reported that approximately 25%


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of the total workforce engaged at work were employed under contractors on one

pretext or the other.

The trend reveals that there has been a gross reduction in employment potential in

winning of gold ore, manganese ore and mica . This has come about basically due totwo reasons . Firstly the lack of demand of the minerals due to substitution of the

same in the user industry viz. the manganese ore in manufacture of steel & mica as

insulating material in electrical industry, secondly to the rising cost of production of

gold from the poor quality of gold ore available in the country vis--vis global market.

Barring above the employment in the mineral industry has shown tremendous growth

over the years. It is anticipated that the average daily employment in the mineral

industry at present is about 1(one) million.

Exploitation of resources: Problems faced

Mining industry in India has been progressing at an annual rate of 4% to 5% during

the last three decades. It appears that the concept of growth at all cost has be come

the order of the day. This is rather too heavy a price to pay for developments sake.

This mad rush to produce gives way to unsustainable developments.

As far as mining is concerned, the price for progress has also been quite high. The late

S Mohan Kumarmangalam, the then Minister of Steel & Mines had given a scathing

but vivid description of the coal industry scene in his book Coal Industry in India.

This was generally true of smaller units specially spread over in the Jharia and

Raniganj fields.

"Workers were cheated of their legitimate dues. Slaughter mining, lack of

conservation and unscientific mining methods remained characteristic of large areas

of the industry. The mine owners successfully prevented any further progress towards

implementation of the numerous recommendations of the different committees made

over the years. Lathials or musclemen protected the interests of the mine owners.

Rampant corruption, forced labour, dubious and duplicate records, under reporting of

production, non-payment of full wages, extended hours of shift without payment of

lead or lift, lack of safety and welfare measures, robbing of pillars of coal, selective,

seasonal and shallow depth mining in a haphazard manner etc. seemed to be the

guiding principles of a large number of private collieries."


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Violations of mine safety laws were widespread. The extensive fires and collapses

were the result of unscientific mining practiced over the years and the cost to the

nation was considerable in the shape of loss of coal reserves and in controlling fires.

Mine ventilation was poor, support inadequate, safety equipment conspicuous by their

absence. The hazards to which workers were exposed had been a matter of severecriticism. A dangerous situation had developed and the Government could no longer

remain a passive spectator. This paved the way for nationalisation of the coal industry

during 1971-73.

Though the situation since then has improved considerably in some of the areas, many

problems of the past remain and need to be addressed sincerely at this point in time.

Quest for development has to go hand in hand with rapid industrialisation, and mining

has to remain an important cog in the wheel of development. It is expected that

accentuated efforts on mining shall be witnessed in the years to come. As the mine

operators begin to look forward for ways and means to improve efficiency and cut

costs, safety considerations certainly assume more and more important position and

emerge as significant factor even purely on economic considerations. Side by side

modern society is also tending more and more to demand a safe and decent work

environment, as a social need. Thus, results are being demanded. Tools and skill are

available, and achievement with tremendous humanitarian and economic benefits are

within the realm of practical possibility.

http://www.dgms.net/mining_industry.htm

India has a very long history of commercial coal mining that covers nearly 220 years beginning

from 1744 by M/S Sumner & Heatly of East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield. Even

though, the growth of coal mining sector was slower in the nation for some years due to lesser

demand, its growth picked up with the introduction of steam locomotives in the year 1883. The

production of coal in the nation got sudden boost from the First World War, which was suddenly

reduced in the early thirties. Again, the production boosted up after 1942.

Coal mining in India:

Nowadays, the demand for coal is improving in India with the development of thermal power

plants at a very past pace as compared to what it was a decade ago. The list of top companies in

the coal mining industry in India is given below, here it should be noted that there are not many

major private coal company as in the early 1970s since almost all privately owned coal

companies were nationalized under the Coal Mines Act in India:
http://www.dgms.net/mining_industry.htmhttp://www.dgms.net/mining_industry.htmhttp://www.dgms.net/mining_industry.htm


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Coal India Limited

Neyveli Lignite Corporation

Singareni Collieries Company Limited

Some of the details regarding these top coal mining companies in India are given below:

Coal India Limited:

This largest company in the coal mining industry makes the other companies in this sector look

like small companies because of its reach, cost, scale and size. It is a maharatna company

offering a wide range of employment opportunities by issuing frequent job notifications through

employment newspapers and job portals. The list of products dealt by this company is given

below:

Coking Coal

Semi Coking Coal

New Coking Coal

Non-Coking Coal

Washed and beneficiated coal

Middlings

Rejects

CIL/LTC Coal

Coal Fines/Coke Fines

Soft pitch/light oil/heavy oil/tar

Neyveli Lignite Corporation:

Neyveli Lignite Corporation shortly called as NLC is a government-owned company that came

into existence in the year 1956 and the headquarters of the company is located in the city of

Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is a Navratna Company with coal based thermal plant at

the city of Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu. This coal based thermal plant of NLC has the capacity to

produce 1000 MWs of power as a joint venture project between NTPL and TNEB. The company

also has a coal-based power plant in the state of Orissa with a production capacity of 2000 MW

in joint venture with Hindalco and Mahanadi Coal Fields Limited.


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Singareni Collieries Company Limited:

Singareni Collieries Company Limited came into existence way back in the year 1871 and the

mining rights of this company was acquired by the Hyderabad (Deccan) Company for

exploitation of coal found in the Yellandu area of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The company was

formed with its present name in the year 1920 on the 23rd of December as a public sectorcompany under the Hyderabad Companies Act. This company acquired all the liabilities and

assets of the Hyderabad (Deccan) Company Limited and majority of shares of this company was

acquired by the then State of Hyderabad in the year 1945. The company has coal reserves in

different parts of the state of Andhra Pradesh likeKhammam, Warangal, Karimnagar and

Adilabad. They are using different types of mining techniques like high wall mining,

underground mining and opencast mining.

In India, since coal mining technology is acting as a major source for production of electricity,

there will always be demand for production of coal since the power generation sector is

dependent on coal manufacturing sector for production of power to meet the ever growing

demand for power supply in different states of the nation.

List of government companies in coal and lignite sector Government Jobs in Coal Sector Coal Mining technology and its significance in meeting the power requirement of a

nation

List of Government Companies in Mining Sector Government Jobs in Mining Sector Coal Mining Technology as an efficient tool for power generation Opportunities after B.Tech in Mining Engineering Mining Jobs In India General Manager, Legal Manager, Coal India Limited B.Tech in Mining Engineering, Mining Engineering B.Tech Managers, CMDC ICPL Coal Limited List of Postgraduate Courses in Mining Engineering Career prospects in mining Jobs in Mining Sector B.Tech in Mining Engineering Project Names and Ideashttp://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/

Read more here:http://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/#ixzz2QvizAtAx

http://www.krishnaninc.com/Power_India_01.pdf
http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-government-companies-in-coal-and-lignite-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-government-companies-in-coal-and-lignite-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/government-jobs-in-coal-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/government-jobs-in-coal-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-government-companies-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-government-companies-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/government-jobs-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/government-jobs-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-as-an-efficient-tool-for-power-generation/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-as-an-efficient-tool-for-power-generation/http://entrance-exam.net/opportunities-after-btech-in-mining-engineering/http://entrance-exam.net/opportunities-after-btech-in-mining-engineering/http://entrance-exam.net/mining-jobs-in-india/http://entrance-exam.net/mining-jobs-in-india/http://entrance-exam.net/general-manager-legal-manager-coal-india-limited/http://entrance-exam.net/general-manager-legal-manager-coal-india-limited/http://entrance-exam.net/btech-in-mining-engineering-2/http://entrance-exam.net/btech-in-mining-engineering-2/http://entrance-exam.net/managers-cmdc-icpl-coal-limited/http://entrance-exam.net/managers-cmdc-icpl-coal-limited/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-postgraduate-courses-in-mining-engineering/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-postgraduate-courses-in-mining-engineering/http://entrance-exam.net/career-prospects-in-mining/http://entrance-exam.net/career-prospects-in-mining/http://entrance-exam.net/jobs-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/jobs-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/btech-in-mining-engineering-project-names-and-ideas/http://entrance-exam.net/btech-in-mining-engineering-project-names-and-ideas/http://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/http://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/http://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/#ixzz2QvizAtAxhttp://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/#ixzz2QvizAtAxhttp://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/#ixzz2QvizAtAxhttp://www.krishnaninc.com/Power_India_01.pdfhttp://www.krishnaninc.com/Power_India_01.pdfhttp://www.krishnaninc.com/Power_India_01.pdfhttp://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/#ixzz2QvizAtAxhttp://entrance-exam.net/top-coal-mining-companies-in-india/http://entrance-exam.net/btech-in-mining-engineering-project-names-and-ideas/http://entrance-exam.net/jobs-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/career-prospects-in-mining/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-postgraduate-courses-in-mining-engineering/http://entrance-exam.net/managers-cmdc-icpl-coal-limited/http://entrance-exam.net/btech-in-mining-engineering-2/http://entrance-exam.net/general-manager-legal-manager-coal-india-limited/http://entrance-exam.net/mining-jobs-in-india/http://entrance-exam.net/opportunities-after-btech-in-mining-engineering/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-as-an-efficient-tool-for-power-generation/http://entrance-exam.net/government-jobs-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-government-companies-in-mining-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/coal-mining-technology-and-its-significance-in-meeting-the-power-requirement-of-a-nation/http://entrance-exam.net/government-jobs-in-coal-sector/http://entrance-exam.net/list-of-government-companies-in-coal-and-lignite-sector/


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http://www.amplgroup.in/network.htmlfor private coal mining

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Indiawikipedia coal mining
http://www.amplgroup.in/network.htmlhttp://www.amplgroup.in/network.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Indiahttp://www.amplgroup.in/network.html

Documents

Mining Industry in India