Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband ... · Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using ... (using metamaterials)

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 09, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

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Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip

Patch Antenna using Metamaterial Ramagowri.L

1 Agnes Ramena.T

2 Subhu Lakshmi.P

3

1P.G. Scholar

2,3Assistant Professor

1,2,3Anna University Chennai

Abstract— This paper proposes metamaterial based

multiband microstrip patch antenna. Here the metamaterial

is added on top and double sides of rectangular patch

antenna. The proposed antenna is fed through microstrip

line. This antenna designing method and feeding technique

allow the antenna to operate at multiple frequency bands

with the range of 6 GHz to 12GHz (X band). Using

metamaterial on rectangular patch improves the antenna

performance and reduces the antenna size. The proposed

antenna design gives better results than the conventional

antenna design. Then the antenna parameters are obtained

by Advanced Design System software (ADS).

Key words: Microstrip Patch Antenna, Metamaterial

I. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, metamaterial based antenna design makes

tremendous changes in miniaturization of antenna. Antennas

play major role in wireless communication. Microstrip patch

antenna is widely used in wireless world because of its

wonderful features like low cost, low profile and less design

complexity [1]. This paper proposes, a new microstrip patch

antenna, based on metamaterial which support multiband

applications without degrading antenna performance. There

are several methods for designing multiband antenna

conventionally. But nowadays, artificially engineered

material called metamaterial is used for designing multiband

microstrip patch antenna which improves antenna

performance and reduces antenna size compared to

traditional method [3]. Here split ring resonator (CSRR) is

loaded on patch antenna. When negative permeability

metamaterial reflecting surface is applied to the microstrip

patch, antenna gain will be increased, because CSRR

eliminates the substrate surface wave and concentrates on

radiant energy [2]. So, main problem in the patch antennas

is substrate surface wave which can be removed by using

CSRR [4]. After introduction section this paper discusses

about proposed antenna design. The proposed antenna

design section contains how to design ordinary patch

antenna, then how to design metamaterial based antenna

with different types of substrate and different values of

substrate thickness. After that, this paper discusses about

results in which proposed metamaterial based antenna’s

simulated results are shown and compared with ordinary

patch antenna results. It also discusses the comparision

between metamaterial based antenna with different types of

substrate and different values of substrate thickness. Finally,

the conclusion section describes the advantages of this

paper.

II. PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN

A. Ordinary Patch Antenna Design

Ordinary patch antenna is designed with low cost dielectric

substrate FR4 material having dielectric constant εr = 4.4

and thickness h=1.6mm. The antenna design procedure

shown in Fig 1.The ordinary patch antenna designed with

length of 600mils and width of 445mils and resonant

frequency is 6GHz.

Fig. 1: Design procedure of patch antenna

Design specifications are shown in Table 1.

Microstrip feed line is used for feeding. The ordinary patch

antenna is designed with appropriate dimensions using

ADS. The layout view of ordinary RMPA shown in Fig 2.

Length 600mils

Width 445mils

Lt 195mils

Wt 20mils

Lf 245

Wf 120

Substrate FR4

Thickness 1.6mm

Table 1: Ordinary patch antenna dimension

Fig. 2: Layout of ordinary RMPA

Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial

(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/104)


B. Complementary Split Ring Resonator Design

Metamaterial is an artificial material which has negative

value of ε and μ but the entire natural material found in the

nature has positive value of ε and μ. There are mainly four

type of metamaterial structure: Split Ring structure,

Symmetrical Ring structure ,Omega structure and S

structure[2]. Here, CSRR is used. A split ring resonator with

appropriate dimensions is designed. The dimensions of split

ring resonator are shown in Table 2. Fig 3 shows layout of

split ring resonator.

Length 160mils

Width 160mils

Ring width 10mils

Ring spacing 10mils

Table 2: Split ring resonator dimensions

Fig 3: Layout of Split ring resonator

C. Metamaerial added RMPA design

Metamaterial is added top of the rectangular patch antenna

which improves antenna performance. In that ordinary patch

antenna, top portion of patch is etched and metamaterial is

added. The layout of metamaterial added on top of RMPA

shown in Fig 4(a). Again, sides of the patch are etched and

two more metamaterials added on the sides of patch, and

thus totally three metamaterials added on the patch. The

layout of metamaterial added top and double side of RMPA

shown in Fig 4 (b). Then slots are introduced on the

radiating patch which improve antenna performance at

resonant frequency and that layouts are shown in Fig 4 (c),

(d) and (e). Then the paper discusses the materials for

antenna designing which are shown in Table 3.

S.NO Antenna parts Materials

1 Radiating patch Copper

2 Split ring resonator Copper

3 Substrate FR4

4 Ground plane Copper

Table 3: Materials for antenna

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)




D. Parameter Estimation

RL = -20log |Г| (dB) (2.1)

RL - Return Loss

Where |Г| is =

Characteristic impedance

Load impedance

Directivity=

(2.2)

U = Radiation intensity to given direction

Prad = Average radiated power

Gain=

(2.3)

Pin = Input power

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The simulation is carried out using the Advanced Design

System (ADS) simulation software. The parameters of the

proposed antenna are measured using ADS. Fig.5 (a), (b),

(c), (d), (e) show the simulated return loss characteristics of

conventional RMPA, Metamaterial added RMPA and

Metamaterial added RMPA with slot. Radiation patterns of

proposed antenna are shown in Fig.6.

The conventional MSA is resonating at frequencies

f1=5.8GHz and f2=10.8GHz. But metamaterial added

RMPA resonates in four different frequencies that are

f1=4.01GHz, f2=-6.25GHz, f3=8.7GHz and f4=10.5GHz.

Metamaterial added RMPA with slot also resonates at four

different frequencies. That frequencies are f1=6.051GHz,

f2=-10.25GHz, f3=10.7GHz and f4=11.5GHz. Metamaterial

added patch antenna gives better performance than

conventional patch antenna. Then the antenna is designed

with different dielectric substrate such as FR4, Duroid and

different substrate thickness values are used and then the

results are compared. The comparison tables are shown in

Table 4 & 5.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Fig. 5: Return loss of (a) Ordinary patch antenna, (b)

Metamaterial added on the patch (c) Single slot is

introduced on matamaterial based antenna (d) Double slot is

introduced on metamaterial based antenna (e) Tri slot is

introduced on metamaterial based antenna.

(a)

(b)

(c)




Fig. 6 (a),(b),(c): Radiation patterns of proposed antenna

A. Features of Proposed Antenna (Metamaterial Based

Antenna)

Small size (using metamaterials)

Low cost (FR4 low cost )

Multiband application

X band communication(Satellite application)

Low loss

Eliminate surface wave propagation(using

metamaterials)

Metamaterial Based Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna Metamaterial Added RMPA and single slot is introduced

Types of substrate Obtained frequeny

(in GHz) Return loss (dB)

Radiated power

(in watts)

Directivity

(in dB)

Gain

(in dB)

FR4

With thickness of h=1.6 mm

f1=6.0

f2=10.5

f3=10.7

f4=11.5

-28

-10

-18

-38

9.1e^-7 5.9 1.7

FR4

With thickness of h=1 mm

f1=4.1

f2=6

f3=8

f4=11

-10

-14

-6

-10

3.7e^-7

5 0.3

DUROID

With thickness of h=1.6mm

f1=5.6

f2=-7.7

-23

-27 7.3e^-7 6 5

DUROID

With thickness of h=1mm

f1=5.3

f2=-7.7

-16

-17 2.7e^-7 4 5

Table 4: Comparisons of simulation results

FR4 with substrate

thickness h=1.6mm

FR4 with substrate thickness

h=1.6mm

Duroid with substrate

thickness h=1mm

Duroid with substrate

thickness h=1.6mm

Table 5: Comparison of radiation patterns

IV. CONCLUSION

The proposed technique provides antenna miniaturization

and multiband applications without antenna performance

degradations. The proposed methodology employs CSRRs

that are added to the radiating edges of the patch antennas

and then the slot is introduced on the patch. The technique is

simple and easy to design. It is found that a size reduction

with multiband resonating frequencies is achieved by

etching the patch and loading with split ring resonator. The

matamaterial based antenna is suitable for several wireless

applications and X-band communications with higher

performance.

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Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband ... · Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using ... (using metamaterials)