MINI THESIS

SCHOOLWIDE ENRICHMENT MODEL

MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE MUKAH, SARAWAK

2014

THE LIFE OF WOLVES

SCIENCE AND ART

GROUP: WOLF LYZ

Muhammmad Luqman Bin Abdullah Abdul Manap 144097

Ahmad Faizal Bin Zaidi 144003

Mohd Danial Akmal Bin Mohd Rashid 144025

WRITTER’S CONFESSION

We admit that this project is the result of our own work except for excerpts and summaries of each of which at I explain the source.

Student :………………

(MUHAMMAD LUQMAN)

College No. : ………………

Date : ………………

Student :………………

(AHMAD FAIZAL)

College No. : ………………

Date : ………………

Student :………………

(MOHD DANIAL AKMAL)

College No. : ………………

Date : ………………

FACILITATOR’S CONFESSION

I confirm that this mini thesis is the result of the students to meet their graduation requirements.

Facilitator : ………………

(MR. NAZRUL HAIZAM)

Date : ………………

APPRECIATION

Bismillahirahmanirrahim

Thanks to God for giving us the chance to finish this mini thesis. This tesis which is entitled “The Life of Wolves” is one of the enquiries for us to graduate from MARA Junior Science College. We are very grateful to every single person that had helped us in finishing this thesis. Firstly, a big thanks to our principle, Encik Abdul Aziz Bin Baba for giving us the spirit on continuing their studies and the spirit to never give up. Second, we also wan to thank our dedicated teachers for helping us throughout the whole process of the program. Next, our parents that had gave us the opportunity to study in a higher level. Lastly, our friends that gave us help whether in a big or small matter.

CONTENTS

PrefaceScientific Studies

MethodologyResults

DevelopmentTest and Assessment

Conclusion and DiscussionBibliography

ABSTRACT

THE LIFE OF WOLVES

MARA Junior Science College Mukah

Sarawak

Wolves are animals that are pretty common to our ears but we still cannot get a clear image of what a wolf really is. People nowadays are more to technology than nature which makes them lacking the knowledge about animals. In this case, we are talking about wolf. When they hear the word wolf, all they think is a dog-like creature that howls in the middle of the night or a myth of a human suddenly changes into a werewolf once they stare at a full moon. In fact, there are more than howling and evolving of wolves. We discovered that wolves are in the same family with fox and it is called ‘Canidae’. Wolves are also at the brink of extinction and we know how to prevent that from happening.

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

1.3 OBJECTIVES

1.1 IntroductionThe English word "wolf" stems from the old English wulf, which is itself thought to be

derived from the proto germanic*wulfaz, from the Proto-Indo-European root*wlqwos/*lukwos. Old English literature contains several instances of Anglo-Saxon kings and warriors taking on wulf as a prefix or suffix in their names. Examples include Wulfhere, Cynewulf, Ceonwulf, Wulfheard, Earnwulf, Wulfmǣr, Wulfstān and Æthelwulf.

The species' most likely ancestral candidate is Canislepophagus, a small, narrow skulled North American canid of the Miocene era, which may have also given rise to the coyote. After the extinction of the large bodied Borophaginae family, C. lepophagus developed into a larger, broader-skulled animal. Fossils of this larger form of C. lepophagus found in northern Texas may represent the ancestral stock from which true wolves derive. The first true wolves began to appear at the end of the Blancan North American Stage and the onset of the early Irvingtonian. Among them was C. priscolatrans, a small species closely resembling the modern-day red wolf, which colonised Eurasia by crossing the Bering land bridge. The new Eurasian C. priscolatrans population gradually evolved into C. mosbachensis, which closely resembled modern wolves found in the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia, which were once distributed in Europe in the early Quaternary glaciation until about 500,000 years ago. C. mosbachensis subsequently evolved in the direction of C. lupus. The earliest C. lupus remains date back to the middle Pleistocene, and occurs in Beringia.

Subspeciation

the most ancient is that of the African wolf (native to North, West, and East Africa), which is thought to have originated as early as the Middle to Late Pleistocene。

• All other lineages occur together in the Indian Subcontinent, the oldest of which is the Himalayan wolf (native to the Himalayan region of eastern Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, parts of Tibet and eastern Nepal), which is thought to have originated 800,000 years ago, when the Himalayan region was going through major geologic and climatic upheaval.

• The peninsular Indian wolf, C. l. pallipes, likely diverged from the Himalayan wolf 400,000 years ago. The youngest wolf lineage in India is represented by C. l. chanco (native to the northwestern Himalayan region of Kashmir), which originated 150,000 years ago. This last lineage, known as the Holarctic clade, expanded into Europe and North America, as shown by it sharing genetic markers with domestic dogs, European and North American wolves.

• The now extinct Japanese wolves were descended from large Siberian wolves which colonised the Korean Peninsula and Japan, before it separated from mainland Asia, 20,000 years ago during the Pleistocene. During the Holocene, the Tsugaru Strait widened and isolated Honshu from Hokkaidō, thus causing climatic changes leading to the extinction of most large

bodied ungulates inhabiting the archipelago. Japanese wolves likely underwent a process of island dwarfism 7,000–13,000 years ago in response to these climatological and ecological pressures. C. l. hattai (formerly native to Hokkaidō) was significantly larger than its southern cousin C. l. hodophilax, as it inhabited higher elevations and had access to larger prey, as well as a continuing genetic interaction with dispersing wolves from Siberia.

1.2 Problem StatementMost people know what a wolf is. They are types of mammal who mostly live in the

woods. But none of them really know what this creature is, how the creature evolve into such a magnificent mammal and so on. They have known this creature deeply. When these creatures nowadays are at the edge of extinction, these creatures are being hunt by the hunters yet none of us care. Their habitats are being destroyed yet none of us take any action. Worst of all, people sometime confused these creatures with other being such as a fox and other similar type mammal.

1.3 Objectives

There are some objectives for this research. First of all, this research is done because we want to study and get to know more about wolves. The second thing that we pick this research is because we want to show the world about the life of wolf, so that there will get to know more about wolves and throw their curiosity about them. The third is because these creatures are facing there dark days, as they are about to extinct from this world for eternity. So, we want to find the way to save these creatures from the edge of extinction.

CHAPTER 2:LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literature ReviewThere is no denying that wolves are both fascinating as well as controversial in our world

today. We do know that they are derived from the canidae family at some level.

There are other relatives out there in the canine family that wolves are closely related to. They include the coyote. It isn’t uncommon for some types of dogs to be mistaken for wolves in some areas. For example the Alaskan Husky and the Alaskan Malamute.

Through careful research we are able to understand much more about them than in the past. These animals aren’t out there looking for humans to hunt as some legends say. Instead they are instinctively driven to do all they can to survive. Wolves are very social animals. They thrive off of the freedoms and the restraints found within their own pack.

The howling of wolves can seem very scary and eerie to people. Yet researchers have found there is quite a bit of meaning in such sounds. They can be used to call out to the rest of the pack, as a warning for introducers or emotion signals.

The largest amount of wolf research has been dedicated to the element of their social hierarchy because is one of the most complex. Yet it allows them to be able to provide the level of care and harmony within their pack that is necessary. In spite of what most people think, wolves are able to get along very well with each other. They seldom have conflicts inside of their own pack.

Wolves value family in much the same way that humans do. They have respect for each other, work as a team, and even help to care for young that aren’t their own. It is this type of research that has shown us wolves aren’t monsters out there looking to kill everything in site.

What we do know from research though is that these are very instinctive animals. They have the ability to adapt to a variety of different environments. They aren’t killing machines but animals that have the ability to be able to find food sources so that they can continue to survive.

Many people wonder about wolves and attacks on humans. Even if you spend days looking for information you will find very few reports about them attacking. In those instances when it has occurred it has been connected to wolves having rabies. A person is much more likely to be attacked by other types of animals than this one should they be in the wilderness.

A great deal of information that we have about the movements of wolves is due to the use of tracking devices. This helps to find out which ones may be a given problem in areas where cattle are being destroyed. They also help to identify the home range for a given wolf pack. It is very interesting to see how they live, and that information can help with successfully creating homes for them in captivity and reintroducing them to the wild.

Even though wolf research has been able to offer us an inside look in many areas, it isn’t enough to tell us the entire story. There is still plenty more than has to be looked into before we are able to fully understand these magnificent creatures. The fact that so many of the species are in danger of extinction though means that we may not be able to learn enough about them before it is too late.

CHAPTER 3:METHODOLOGY

3.1 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Methodology tableThe Life of Wolves

People have less knowledge about wolfThe wolves species are at the edge of exctintionPeople always mistake wolves with other animals such as foxs

Statement Of Issues

Wolves need to be save from the exctintion to balance the ecosystem.Hypothesis

To learn more about the life of wolfTo let the world know about the life of wolvesTo save the wolves from the edge of exctintion

Objective

Save the wolves speciesBalance the ecology Scientific Studies

Wolves are harmless creaturesWolves are from canidae familyAvoid illegal hunting

Conclusion

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS

4.1 RESULTS

4.1 ResultsMost people know what a wolf is. They are types of mammal who mostly live in the

woods. But none of them really know what this creature is, how the creature evolve into such a magnificent mammal and so on. They have known this creature deeply. When these creatures nowadays are at the edge of extinction, these creatures are being hunt by the hunters yet none of us care. Their habitats are being destroyed yet none of us take any action. Worst of all, people sometime confused these creatures with other being such as a fox and other similar type mammal.

There are a few ways to solve this problem. First of all is to expose people about the life of wolves. This can be done by holding a program about the wolves, which tell us everything about wolves. Next is to put these mammals in a zoo. This is because in Malaysia, we could hardly find any living wolves which make us hard to know what a wolf is. By putting them at least in a zoo in every state, people could come by and see with their own naked eyes how these mammals live. Another step to solve this problem is to reinforce the law about the hunting and killing of wolves. If there is any out doer who hunt them, they must be punished with a very heavy punishment such as being arrested for a few years or fine them with an insane about of money. By inforcing the law, the hunter will be afraid to commit any fault to these animals.

CHAPTER 5:DISCUSSIONS

5.1 DISCUSSIONS

5.1 DiscussionIn every research there will always be an obstacle to finish the research smoothly. We

had also faced this obstacle during our researching time. For example, we can hardly find any living wolf in our place. This makes us hard to do our research properly. This is the major obstacle that we had faced during our research.

We also find it difficult to search information about wolf as they are about to extinct. These animals only can be found in some country. The research about these animals also very limited because people don’t care much about this mammals. They think it just a waste of time to the research about these animals as they think these animals is about to extinct from the face of the earth.

As our country become more advance, the technology made by the people have also become more modern. Many useful technologies are usable to do this research, but in our case, we could hardly use any of this technology because of the restriction in our college. The technologies in our college are hard to use as there are only a few of them are available. For example, the limited amount of computers has restricted us from completing this research because many other students use it. The internet connections here are also less powerful, as we are located in a district area. Here in Mukah, there were not any 4G internet speeds and the basic internet speed was too slow to search any information.

CHAPTER 6:CONLUSION

6.1 CONCLUSION

6.1 ConclusionBased on our research about the life of wolf, we have got many weird yet important

things about wolf. One of it is that wolf comes from a canidae family. Wolves are also harmless animals unless you disturb it. They are one friendly animal if you have study about them deeply. But they are now treated cruelly by the humans especially by the hunters who hunt them almost everything. They are now facing the edge of extinctions now and there for we must take action beginning from now to help their species to keep on living in this earth. From our research, we have gathered much information about wolves and we have come to conclusion on how to solve our problem.

Bibliographyhttp://www.wolfworlds.com/wolf-research/

http://www.ibtimes.com/meet-wolf-man-german-researcher-werner-freund-feeds-wolves-his-mouth-photos-1046470

http://www.wolfcountry.net/information/WolfObserved.html

http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2013/01/28/among-wolves/

http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/GrayWolfExtra.html

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